# 民法 / Civil Code
- 明治二十九年法律第八十九号 · Act
- English title "Civil Code": Ministry of Justice translation
- Text in force since: 2026-06-24
- URL: https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code
- Permanent URL: https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089
- 1173 articles in the main text, 201 in the 附則 (supplementary provisions).
- English: 2275 of 2287 paragraphs, each marked below as the Ministry of Justice's, as the Ministry's with a slip corrected by this site, or as machine translation.
Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text
below is a copy of it.
Every provision is addressable on its own, down to the item, and carries
its address and both URLs on the line under it: the page that opens at it —
https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1 — and the permanent form —
https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1. As Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/civil-code/art-1.
---
**制定文（一）** 民法第一編第二編第三編別冊ノ通定ム
enact-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/enact-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/enact-1
Part I, Part II, and Part III of the Civil Code are established as set out in the Separate Volume.
machine translation, not official
**制定文（二）** 此法律施行ノ期日ハ勅令ヲ以テ之ヲ定ム
enact-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/enact-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/enact-2
The date on which this Act comes into effect is specified by Imperial Ordinance.
machine translation, not official
**制定文（三）** 明治二十三年法律第二十八号民法財産編財産取得編債権担保編証拠編ハ此法律発布ノ日ヨリ廃止ス
enact-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/enact-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/enact-3
The Property Part, the Acquisition of Property Part, the Security for Claims Part, and the Evidence Part of the Civil Code (Act No. 28 of 1890) are repealed as of the date of promulgation of this Act.
machine translation, not official
**制定文（四）** （別冊）
enact-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/enact-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/enact-4
(Separate Volume)
machine translation, not official
## 第一編 総則 — Part I General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-1
## 第一章 通則 — Chapter I Common Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-1/ch-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-1/ch-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-1/ch-1
### 第一条（基本原則） — (Fundamental Principles)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1
**第一項** 私権は、公共の福祉に適合しなければならない。
art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1/par-1
Private rights must be congruent with the public welfare.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 権利の行使及び義務の履行は、信義に従い誠実に行わなければならない。
art-1/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1/par-2
The exercise of rights and performance of duties must be done in good faith.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 権利の濫用は、これを許さない。
art-1/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1/par-3
Abuse of rights is not permitted.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二条（解釈の基準） — (Standards for Construction)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-2
**第一項** この法律は、個人の尊厳と両性の本質的平等を旨として、解釈しなければならない。
art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-2/par-1
This Code must be construed so as to honor the dignity of individuals and the essential equality of both sexes.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二章 人 — Chapter II Persons
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-1/ch-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-1/ch-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-1/ch-2
## 第一節 権利能力 — Section 1 Capacity to Hold Rights
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-1/ch-2/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-1/ch-2/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-1/ch-2/sec-1
### 第三条
art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-3
**第一項** 私権の享有は、出生に始まる。
art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-3/par-1
The enjoyment of private rights commences at birth.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 外国人は、法令又は条約の規定により禁止される場合を除き、私権を享有する。
art-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-3/par-2
Unless otherwise prohibited by applicable laws, regulations, or treaties, foreign nationals enjoy private rights.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二節 意思能力 — Section 2 Mental Capacity
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-1/ch-2/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-1/ch-2/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-1/ch-2/sec-2
### 第三条の二
art-3-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-3-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-3-2
**第一項** 法律行為の当事者が意思表示をした時に意思能力を有しなかったときは、その法律行為は、無効とする。
art-3-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-3-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-3-2/par-1
If the person performing a juridical act did not have mental capacity when manifesting the relevant intention, the juridical act is void.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三節 行為能力 — Section 3 Capacity to Act
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-1/ch-2/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-1/ch-2/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-1/ch-2/sec-3
### 第四条（成年） — (Age of Majority)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-4
**第一項** 年齢十八歳をもって、成年とする。
art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-4/par-1
The age of majority is 18 years of age.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五条（未成年者の法律行為） — (Juridical Acts by Minors)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-5
**第一項** 未成年者が法律行為をするには、その法定代理人の同意を得なければならない。ただし、単に権利を得、又は義務を免れる法律行為については、この限りでない。
art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-5/par-1
A minor must obtain the consent of the minor's legal representative to perform a juridical act; provided, however, that this does not apply to a juridical act for merely acquiring a right or being released from an obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定に反する法律行為は、取り消すことができる。
art-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-5/par-2
A juridical act in contravention of the provisions of the preceding paragraph may be revoked.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の規定にかかわらず、法定代理人が目的を定めて処分を許した財産は、その目的の範囲内において、未成年者が自由に処分することができる。目的を定めないで処分を許した財産を処分するときも、同様とする。
art-5/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-5/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-5/par-3
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), a minor may freely dispose of property that the legal representative has permitted the minor to dispose of for a specified purpose, to an extent that falls within the scope of that purpose. The same applies if the minor disposes of property that the legal representative has permitted the minor to dispose of without specifying a purpose.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六条（未成年者の営業の許可） — (Permission for Minors to Conduct Business)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-6
**第一項** 一種又は数種の営業を許された未成年者は、その営業に関しては、成年者と同一の行為能力を有する。
art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-6/par-1
A minor who is permitted to conduct one or multiple types of business has the same capacity to act as an adult as far as that business is concerned.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合において、未成年者がその営業に堪えることができない事由があるときは、その法定代理人は、第四編（親族）の規定に従い、その許可を取り消し、又はこれを制限することができる。
art-6/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-6/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-6/par-2
In a case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if there are grounds that make the minor unable to sustain that business, the legal representative may revoke or limit the permission therefor in accordance with the provisions of Part IV (Relatives).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七条（後見開始の審判） — (Decisions for Commencement of Guardianship)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-7
**第一項** 精神上の障害により事理を弁識する能力を欠く常況にある者については、家庭裁判所は、本人、配偶者、四親等内の親族、未成年後見人、未成年後見監督人、保佐人、保佐監督人、補助人、補助監督人又は検察官の請求により、後見開始の審判をすることができる。
art-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-7/par-1
The family court may decide to commence a guardianship in respect of a person who constantly lacks the capacity to appreciate the person's own situation due to a mental disorder or disability, at the request of the person in question, that person's spouse, that person's relative within the fourth degree of kinship, the guardian of a minor, the supervisor of a minor's guardian, the curator, the curator's supervisor, the assistant, the assistant's supervisor, or a public prosecutor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八条（成年被後見人及び成年後見人） — (Adult Wards; Adult Guardians)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-8
**第一項** 後見開始の審判を受けた者は、成年被後見人とし、これに成年後見人を付する。
art-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-8/par-1
A person subject to a decision for commencement of guardianship becomes an adult ward, and an adult guardian is appointed for that person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九条（成年被後見人の法律行為） — (Juridical Acts by Adult Wards Under Guardianship)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-9
**第一項** 成年被後見人の法律行為は、取り消すことができる。ただし、日用品の購入その他日常生活に関する行為については、この限りでない。
art-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-9/par-1
A juridical act performed by an adult ward may be revoked; provided, however, that this does not apply to the purchase of daily necessities or to any other act involved in day-to-day life.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第十条（後見開始の審判の取消し） — (Setting Aside of Decisions for Commencement of Guardianship)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-10
**第一項** 第七条に規定する原因が消滅したときは、家庭裁判所は、本人、配偶者、四親等内の親族、後見人（未成年後見人及び成年後見人をいう。以下同じ。）、後見監督人（未成年後見監督人及び成年後見監督人をいう。以下同じ。）又は検察官の請求により、後見開始の審判を取り消さなければならない。
art-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-10/par-1
If the grounds prescribed in Article 7 cease to exist, the family court must set aside the decision for the commencement of guardianship at the request of the person in question, that person's spouse, that person's relative within the fourth degree of kinship, the guardian (meaning a minor's guardian or an adult guardian; the same applies below), the guardian's supervisor (meaning the supervisor of a minor's guardian or the adult guardian's supervisor; the same applies below), or a public prosecutor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第十一条（保佐開始の審判） — (Decisions for Commencement of Curatorship)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-11 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-11 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-11
**第一項** 精神上の障害により事理を弁識する能力が著しく不十分である者については、家庭裁判所は、本人、配偶者、四親等内の親族、後見人、後見監督人、補助人、補助監督人又は検察官の請求により、保佐開始の審判をすることができる。ただし、第七条に規定する原因がある者については、この限りでない。
art-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-11/par-1
The family court may decide to commence a curatorship in respect of a person whose capacity to appreciate their own situation is extremely inadequate due to a mental disorder or disability, at the request of the person in question, the person's spouse, the person's relative within the fourth degree of kinship, the guardian, the guardian's supervisor, the assistant, the assistant's supervisor, or a public prosecutor; provided, however, that this does not apply to a person in respect of whom a cause stated in Article 7 exists.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第十二条（被保佐人及び保佐人） — (Persons Under Curatorship; Curators)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-12 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-12 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-12
**第一項** 保佐開始の審判を受けた者は、被保佐人とし、これに保佐人を付する。
art-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-12/par-1
A person subject to a decision for commencement of curatorship becomes a person under curatorship, and a curator is appointed for that person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第十三条（保佐人の同意を要する行為等） — (Acts Requiring Consent of Curator)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-13 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-13 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-13
**第一項** 被保佐人が次に掲げる行為をするには、その保佐人の同意を得なければならない。ただし、第九条ただし書に規定する行為については、この限りでない。
art-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-13/par-1
A person under curatorship must obtain the consent of the curator in order to perform any of the following acts; provided, however, that this does not apply to an act provided for in the proviso of Article 9:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 元本を領収し、又は利用すること。
art-13/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-13/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-13/par-1/item-1
receiving or using principal;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 借財又は保証をすること。
art-13/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-13/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-13/par-1/item-2
borrowing money or guaranteeing an obligation;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 不動産その他重要な財産に関する権利の得喪を目的とする行為をすること。
art-13/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-13/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-13/par-1/item-3
performing an act with the purpose of acquiring or losing any right regarding immovables or other significant property;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 訴訟行為をすること。
art-13/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-13/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-13/par-1/item-4
performing a procedural act;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**五** 贈与、和解又は仲裁合意（仲裁法（平成十五年法律第百三十八号）第二条第一項に規定する仲裁合意をいう。）をすること。
art-13/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-13/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-13/par-1/item-5
giving a gift, reaching a settlement, or entering into an arbitration agreement (meaning an arbitration agreement as provided in Article 2, paragraph (1) of the Arbitration Act (Act No. 138 of 2003));
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**六** 相続の承認若しくは放棄又は遺産の分割をすること。
art-13/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-13/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-13/par-1/item-6
accepting or renouncing a succession or dividing an estate;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**七** 贈与の申込みを拒絶し、遺贈を放棄し、負担付贈与の申込みを承諾し、又は負担付遺贈を承認すること。
art-13/par-1/item-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-13/par-1/item-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-13/par-1/item-7
refusing an offer of a gift, renouncing a legacy, accepting an offer of gift with burden, or accepting a legacy with burden;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**八** 新築、改築、増築又は大修繕をすること。
art-13/par-1/item-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-13/par-1/item-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-13/par-1/item-8
constructing a new building, renovating, expanding, or undertaking major repairs;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**九** 第六百二条に定める期間を超える賃貸借をすること。
art-13/par-1/item-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-13/par-1/item-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-13/par-1/item-9
granting a lease for a term that exceeds the period stated in Article 602; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**十** 前各号に掲げる行為を制限行為能力者（未成年者、成年被後見人、被保佐人及び第十七条第一項の審判を受けた被補助人をいう。以下同じ。）の法定代理人としてすること。
art-13/par-1/item-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-13/par-1/item-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-13/par-1/item-10
performing any of the acts stated in the preceding items as a legal representative of a person with qualified legal capacity (meaning a minor, adult ward, or person under curatorship or a person under assistantship who is subject to a decision referred to in Article 17, paragraph (1); the same applies below).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 家庭裁判所は、第十一条本文に規定する者又は保佐人若しくは保佐監督人の請求により、被保佐人が前項各号に掲げる行為以外の行為をする場合であってもその保佐人の同意を得なければならない旨の審判をすることができる。ただし、第九条ただし書に規定する行為については、この限りでない。
art-13/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-13/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-13/par-2
At the request of a person referred to in the main clause of Article 11 or the curator or curator's supervisor, the family court may decide that the person under curatorship must also obtain the consent of the curator before performing an act other than those stated in each of the items of the preceding paragraph; provided, however, that this does not apply to an act provided for in the proviso to Article 9.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 保佐人の同意を得なければならない行為について、保佐人が被保佐人の利益を害するおそれがないにもかかわらず同意をしないときは、家庭裁判所は、被保佐人の請求により、保佐人の同意に代わる許可を与えることができる。
art-13/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-13/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-13/par-3
If the curator does not consent to an act for which the person under curatorship must obtain the curator's consent even though it is unlikely to prejudice the interests of the person under curatorship, the family court may grant permission that operates in lieu of the curator's consent at the request of the person under curatorship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 保佐人の同意を得なければならない行為であって、その同意又はこれに代わる許可を得ないでしたものは、取り消すことができる。
art-13/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-13/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-13/par-4
An act for which the person under curatorship must obtain the curator's consent may be revoked if the person performs it without obtaining the curator's consent or a permission that operates in lieu of it.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第十四条（保佐開始の審判等の取消し） — (Setting Aside of Decisions for Commencement of Curatorship)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-14 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-14 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-14
**第一項** 第十一条本文に規定する原因が消滅したときは、家庭裁判所は、本人、配偶者、四親等内の親族、未成年後見人、未成年後見監督人、保佐人、保佐監督人又は検察官の請求により、保佐開始の審判を取り消さなければならない。
art-14/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-14/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-14/par-1
If the grounds prescribed in the main clause of Article 11 cease to exist, the family court must set aside the decision for the commencement of curatorship at the request of the person in question, that person's spouse, that person's relative within the fourth degree of kinship, the guardian of a minor, the supervisor of a minor's guardian, the curator, the curator's supervisor, or a public prosecutor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 家庭裁判所は、前項に規定する者の請求により、前条第二項の審判の全部又は一部を取り消すことができる。
art-14/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-14/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-14/par-2
At the request of a person provided for in the preceding paragraph, the family court may set aside all or part of the decision referred to in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第十五条（補助開始の審判） — (Decisions for Commencement of Assistance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-15 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-15 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-15
**第一項** 精神上の障害により事理を弁識する能力が不十分である者については、家庭裁判所は、本人、配偶者、四親等内の親族、後見人、後見監督人、保佐人、保佐監督人又は検察官の請求により、補助開始の審判をすることができる。ただし、第七条又は第十一条本文に規定する原因がある者については、この限りでない。
art-15/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-15/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-15/par-1
The family court may decide to commence an assistance in respect of a person whose capacity to appreciate their own situation is inadequate due to a mental disorder or disability, at the request of the person in question, that person's spouse, that person's relative within the fourth degree of kinship, the guardian, the guardian's supervisor, the curator, the curator's supervisor, or a public prosecutor; provided, however, that this does not apply to a person with respect to whom there are grounds as prescribed in Article 7 or the main clause of Article 11.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 本人以外の者の請求により補助開始の審判をするには、本人の同意がなければならない。
art-15/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-15/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-15/par-2
The issuance of a decision for commencement of assistance at the request of a person other than the person in question requires the consent of the person in question.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 補助開始の審判は、第十七条第一項の審判又は第八百七十六条の九第一項の審判とともにしなければならない。
art-15/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-15/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-15/par-3
A decision for commencement of assistance must be made concurrent with a decision referred to in Article 17, paragraph (1) or a decision referred to in Article 876-9, paragraph (1).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第十六条（被補助人及び補助人） — (Persons under Assistantship; Assistants)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-16 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-16 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-16
**第一項** 補助開始の審判を受けた者は、被補助人とし、これに補助人を付する。
art-16/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-16/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-16/par-1
A person subject to a decision for commencement of assistance becomes a person under assistantship, and an assistant is appointed for that person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第十七条（補助人の同意を要する旨の審判等） — (Decisions Requiring Person to Obtain Consent of Assistant)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-17 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-17 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-17
**第一項** 家庭裁判所は、第十五条第一項本文に規定する者又は補助人若しくは補助監督人の請求により、被補助人が特定の法律行為をするにはその補助人の同意を得なければならない旨の審判をすることができる。ただし、その審判によりその同意を得なければならないものとすることができる行為は、第十三条第一項に規定する行為の一部に限る。
art-17/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-17/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-17/par-1
At the request of the person referred to in the main clause of Article 15, paragraph (1) or the assistant or assistant's supervisor, the family court may decide that the person under assistantship must obtain the consent of the person's assistant in order to perform a specific juridical act; provided, however, that the acts that such a decision may establish as those for which the person must obtain the consent of the assistant are restricted to a part of the acts provided for in Article 13, paragraph (1).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 本人以外の者の請求により前項の審判をするには、本人の同意がなければならない。
art-17/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-17/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-17/par-2
The issuance of a decision referred to in the preceding paragraph at the request of a person other than the person in question requires the consent of the person in question.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 補助人の同意を得なければならない行為について、補助人が被補助人の利益を害するおそれがないにもかかわらず同意をしないときは、家庭裁判所は、被補助人の請求により、補助人の同意に代わる許可を与えることができる。
art-17/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-17/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-17/par-3
If the assistant does not consent to an act for which the person under assistantship must obtain the assistant's consent even though it is unlikely to prejudice the interests of the person under assistantship, the family court may grant permission that operates in lieu of the assistant's consent, at the request of the person under assistantship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 補助人の同意を得なければならない行為であって、その同意又はこれに代わる許可を得ないでしたものは、取り消すことができる。
art-17/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-17/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-17/par-4
An act for which the person under assistantship must obtain the assistant's consent may be revoked if the person performs it without obtaining the assistance's consent or a permission that operates in lieu of it.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第十八条（補助開始の審判等の取消し） — (Setting Aside of Decisions for Commencement of Assistance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-18 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-18 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-18
**第一項** 第十五条第一項本文に規定する原因が消滅したときは、家庭裁判所は、本人、配偶者、四親等内の親族、未成年後見人、未成年後見監督人、補助人、補助監督人又は検察官の請求により、補助開始の審判を取り消さなければならない。
art-18/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-18/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-18/par-1
If the grounds prescribed in the main clause of Article 15, paragraph (1) cease to exist, the family court must set aside the decision for commencement of assistance at the request of the person in question, that person's spouse, that person's relative within the fourth degree of kinship, the guardian of a minor, the supervisor of a minor's guardian, the assistant, the assistant's supervisor, or a public prosecutor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 家庭裁判所は、前項に規定する者の請求により、前条第一項の審判の全部又は一部を取り消すことができる。
art-18/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-18/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-18/par-2
At the request of a person as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the family court may set aside all or part of the decision referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前条第一項の審判及び第八百七十六条の九第一項の審判をすべて取り消す場合には、家庭裁判所は、補助開始の審判を取り消さなければならない。
art-18/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-18/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-18/par-3
If setting aside the decision referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article and the decision referred to in Article 876-9, paragraph (1) in their entirety, the family court must set aside the decision for commencement of assistance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第十九条（審判相互の関係） — (Relationship between Decisions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-19 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-19 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-19
**第一項** 後見開始の審判をする場合において、本人が被保佐人又は被補助人であるときは、家庭裁判所は、その本人に係る保佐開始又は補助開始の審判を取り消さなければならない。
art-19/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-19/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-19/par-1
If the family court decides to commence a guardianship and the person in question is a person under curatorship or a person under assistantship, it must set aside the decision for commencement of the curatorship or commencement of assistance respecting that person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、保佐開始の審判をする場合において本人が成年被後見人若しくは被補助人であるとき、又は補助開始の審判をする場合において本人が成年被後見人若しくは被保佐人であるときについて準用する。
art-19/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-19/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-19/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if the court decides to commence a curatorship and the person in question is an adult ward or a person under assistantship or if the court decides to commence an assistance and the person in question is an adult ward or a person under curatorship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二十条（制限行為能力者の相手方の催告権） — (Right to Demand of the Other Party to Dealings Involving a Person with Qualified Legal Capacity)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-20 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-20 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-20
**第一項** 制限行為能力者の相手方は、その制限行為能力者が行為能力者（行為能力の制限を受けない者をいう。以下同じ。）となった後、その者に対し、一箇月以上の期間を定めて、その期間内にその取り消すことができる行為を追認するかどうかを確答すべき旨の催告をすることができる。この場合において、その者がその期間内に確答を発しないときは、その行為を追認したものとみなす。
art-20/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-20/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-20/par-1
After a person with qualified legal capacity who is involved in dealings with another party becomes a person with the legal capacity to act (meaning a person whose legal capacity to act is not subject to restrictions; the same applies below), the other party to those dealings may fix a period of one month or longer and demand that the person give a definite answer within that period of time as to whether the person will ratify an act that the person may revoke. In such a case, if the person fails to send a definite answer within that period of time, the person is deemed to have ratified that act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 制限行為能力者の相手方が、制限行為能力者が行為能力者とならない間に、その法定代理人、保佐人又は補助人に対し、その権限内の行為について前項に規定する催告をした場合において、これらの者が同項の期間内に確答を発しないときも、同項後段と同様とする。
art-20/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-20/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-20/par-2
The second sentence of the preceding paragraph also applies if, before the person with qualified legal capacity becomes a person with the legal capacity to act, the other party to dealings involving the person with qualified legal capacity lodges the demand prescribed in the preceding paragraph with the legal representative, curator, or assistant of that person with respect to an act within the scope of their authority, and they fail to send a definite answer within the fixed period of time referred to in that paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 特別の方式を要する行為については、前二項の期間内にその方式を具備した旨の通知を発しないときは、その行為を取り消したものとみなす。
art-20/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-20/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-20/par-3
If a person does not send notice within the period of time stated in the preceding two paragraphs indicating that the person has completed any special formalities that an act requires, the person is deemed to have revoked that act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 制限行為能力者の相手方は、被保佐人又は第十七条第一項の審判を受けた被補助人に対しては、第一項の期間内にその保佐人又は補助人の追認を得るべき旨の催告をすることができる。この場合において、その被保佐人又は被補助人がその期間内にその追認を得た旨の通知を発しないときは、その行為を取り消したものとみなす。
art-20/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-20/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-20/par-4
The other party to dealings involving a person with qualified legal capacity may lodge a demand with a person under curatorship or with a person under assistantship who is subject to a decision referred to in Article 17, paragraph (1) to demand that the person get the curator or assistant to ratify an act within the fixed period referred to in paragraph (1). In such a case, if the person under curatorship or person under assistantship does not send notice within that period indicating that the person has gotten the curator or assistant to ratify the act in question, the person is deemed to have revoked that act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二十一条（制限行為能力者の詐術） — (Use of Fraudulent Means by Persons with Qualified Legal Capacity)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-21 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-21 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-21
**第一項** 制限行為能力者が行為能力者であることを信じさせるため詐術を用いたときは、その行為を取り消すことができない。
art-21/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-21/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-21/par-1
If a person with qualified legal capacity uses fraudulent means to induce another person to believe that the person is a person with legal capacity to act, the person may not revoke the act in question.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四節 住所 — Section 4 Domicile
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-1/ch-2/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-1/ch-2/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-1/ch-2/sec-4
### 第二十二条（住所） — (Domicile)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-22 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-22 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-22
**第一項** 各人の生活の本拠をその者の住所とする。
art-22/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-22/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-22/par-1
A person's principal place of daily activity is that person's domicile.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二十三条（居所） — (Residence)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-23 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-23 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-23
**第一項** 住所が知れない場合には、居所を住所とみなす。
art-23/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-23/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-23/par-1
If a person's domicile is unknown, the person's residence is deemed to be the person's domicile.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 日本に住所を有しない者は、その者が日本人又は外国人のいずれであるかを問わず、日本における居所をその者の住所とみなす。ただし、準拠法を定める法律に従いその者の住所地法によるべき場合は、この限りでない。
art-23/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-23/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-23/par-2
If a person does not have a domicile in Japan, the person's residence is deemed to be the person's domicile, regardless of whether the person is a Japanese national or a foreign national; provided, however, that this does not apply if the law of domicile is to be applied in accordance with the provisions of the laws that establish the governing law.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二十四条（仮住所） — (Temporary Addresses)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-24 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-24 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-24
**第一項** ある行為について仮住所を選定したときは、その行為に関しては、その仮住所を住所とみなす。
art-24/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-24/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-24/par-1
If a temporary address is selected for an act, that temporary address is deemed to be the domicile as far as that act is concerned.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第五節 不在者の財産の管理及び失踪の宣告 — Section 5 Administration of Absentee Property; Declarations of Presumed Death
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-1/ch-2/sec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-1/ch-2/sec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-1/ch-2/sec-5
### 第二十五条（不在者の財産の管理） — (Administration of Absentee Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-25 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-25 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-25
**第一項** 従来の住所又は居所を去った者（以下「不在者」という。）がその財産の管理人（以下この節において単に「管理人」という。）を置かなかったときは、家庭裁判所は、利害関係人又は検察官の請求により、その財産の管理について必要な処分を命ずることができる。本人の不在中に管理人の権限が消滅したときも、同様とする。
art-25/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-25/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-25/par-1
If a person who has taken leave of the domicile or residence up until then (referred to as an "absentee" below) has not appointed an administrator for the person's property (in this Section referred to simply as an "administrator" below), the family court, at the request of an interested person or a public prosecutor, may order the necessary dispositions with regard to the administration of that property. The same applies if the administrator's authority is extinguished during the absence of the absentee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定による命令後、本人が管理人を置いたときは、家庭裁判所は、その管理人、利害関係人又は検察官の請求により、その命令を取り消さなければならない。
art-25/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-25/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-25/par-2
If an absentee appoints an administrator after an order under the provisions of the preceding paragraph has been issued, the family court must set aside that order at the request of the person's administrator, an interested person, or a public prosecutor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二十六条（管理人の改任） — (Replacing Administrators)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-26 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-26 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-26
**第一項** 不在者が管理人を置いた場合において、その不在者の生死が明らかでないときは、家庭裁判所は、利害関係人又は検察官の請求により、管理人を改任することができる。
art-26/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-26/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-26/par-1
If an absentee has appointed an administrator but it is unclear whether the absentee is dead or alive, the family court may replace that administrator with another at the request of an interested person or a public prosecutor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二十七条（管理人の職務） — (Duties of Administrators)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-27 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-27 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-27
**第一項** 前二条の規定により家庭裁判所が選任した管理人は、その管理すべき財産の目録を作成しなければならない。この場合において、その費用は、不在者の財産の中から支弁する。
art-27/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-27/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-27/par-1
An administrator appointed by the family court pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two Articles must prepare a list of the property that the administrator is to administer. In such a case, the expenses incurred are paid from the property of the absentee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 不在者の生死が明らかでない場合において、利害関係人又は検察官の請求があるときは、家庭裁判所は、不在者が置いた管理人にも、前項の目録の作成を命ずることができる。
art-27/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-27/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-27/par-2
If it is unclear whether an absentee is dead or alive and an interested person or a public prosecutor so requests, the family court may also order the administrator appointed by the absentee to prepare the list referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項に定めるもののほか、家庭裁判所は、管理人に対し、不在者の財産の保存に必要と認める処分を命ずることができる。
art-27/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-27/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-27/par-3
Beyond what is provided for in the preceding two paragraphs, the family court may order the administrator to make the dispositions that the court finds to be necessary to preserve the property of the absentee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二十八条（管理人の権限） — (Administrators' Authority)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-28 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-28 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-28
**第一項** 管理人は、第百三条に規定する権限を超える行為を必要とするときは、家庭裁判所の許可を得て、その行為をすることができる。不在者の生死が明らかでない場合において、その管理人が不在者が定めた権限を超える行為を必要とするときも、同様とする。
art-28/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-28/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-28/par-1
If an administrator needs to perform an act exceeding the authority provided for in Article 103, the administrator may perform that act after obtaining the permission of the family court. The same applies if it is unclear whether the absentee is dead or alive and the administrator needs to perform an act exceeding the authority established by the absentee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二十九条（管理人の担保提供及び報酬） — (Provision of Security by and Remuneration of Administrators)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-29 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-29 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-29
**第一項** 家庭裁判所は、管理人に財産の管理及び返還について相当の担保を立てさせることができる。
art-29/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-29/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-29/par-1
The family court may require an administrator to provide reasonable security with respect to the administration and return of the property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 家庭裁判所は、管理人と不在者との関係その他の事情により、不在者の財産の中から、相当な報酬を管理人に与えることができる。
art-29/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-29/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-29/par-2
The family court may grant reasonable remuneration to the administrator from the property of the absentee based on the relationship between the administrator and absentee and other circumstances.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三十条（失踪の宣告） — (Declarations of Presumed Death)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-30 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-30 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-30
**第一項** 不在者の生死が七年間明らかでないときは、家庭裁判所は、利害関係人の請求により、失踪の宣告をすることができる。
art-30/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-30/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-30/par-1
If it has been unclear for seven years whether an absentee is dead or alive, the family court may enter a declaration of presumed death at the request of an interested person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 戦地に臨んだ者、沈没した船舶の中に在った者その他死亡の原因となるべき危難に遭遇した者の生死が、それぞれ、戦争が止んだ後、船舶が沈没した後又はその他の危難が去った後一年間明らかでないときも、前項と同様とする。
art-30/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-30/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-30/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph also apply if it has been unclear whether a person who has entered a war zone, was aboard a vessel that has sunk, or was otherwise exposed to a danger likely to result in a person's death is dead or alive, for one year after the war has ended, the vessel sank, or other danger has passed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三十一条（失踪の宣告の効力） — (Effect of Declarations of Presumed Death)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-31 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-31 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-31
**第一項** 前条第一項の規定により失踪の宣告を受けた者は同項の期間が満了した時に、同条第二項の規定により失踪の宣告を受けた者はその危難が去った時に、死亡したものとみなす。
art-31/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-31/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-31/par-1
A person subject to a declaration of presumed death pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article is deemed to have died when the period of time referred to in that paragraph ended, and a person subject to a declaration of presumed death pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) of that Article is deemed to have died when that danger had passed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三十二条（失踪の宣告の取消し） — (Revocation of Declarations of Presumed Death)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-32 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-32 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-32
**第一項** 失踪者が生存すること又は前条に規定する時と異なる時に死亡したことの証明があったときは、家庭裁判所は、本人又は利害関係人の請求により、失踪の宣告を取り消さなければならない。この場合において、その取消しは、失踪の宣告後その取消し前に善意でした行為の効力に影響を及ぼさない。
art-32/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-32/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-32/par-1
Having received proof that a person presumed dead is alive or they died at a time that is different from the time provided for in the preceding Article, the family court must revoke the declaration of presumed death, at the request of the person themselves or an interested party. In this case, the revocation does not affect the validity of any act performed in good faith after the declaration of presumed death but before its revocation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 失踪の宣告によって財産を得た者は、その取消しによって権利を失う。ただし、現に利益を受けている限度においてのみ、その財産を返還する義務を負う。
art-32/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-32/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-32/par-2
A person who has acquired property due to a declaration of presumed death loses the rights in question due to its revocation; provided, however, that the person has the obligation to return that property only to the extent that the person has actually been enriched.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第六節 同時死亡の推定 — Section 6 Presumption of Simultaneous Death
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-1/ch-2/sec-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-1/ch-2/sec-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-1/ch-2/sec-6
### 第三十二条の二
art-32-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-32-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-32-2
**第一項** 数人の者が死亡した場合において、そのうちの一人が他の者の死亡後になお生存していたことが明らかでないときは、これらの者は、同時に死亡したものと推定する。
art-32-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-32-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-32-2/par-1
If more than one person dies and it is unclear whether one of them was still alive after the death of another, it is presumed that they all died at the same time.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三章 法人 — Chapter III Corporations
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-1/ch-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-1/ch-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-1/ch-3
### 第三十三条（法人の成立等） — (Formation of Corporations)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-33 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-33 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-33
**第一項** 法人は、この法律その他の法律の規定によらなければ、成立しない。
art-33/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-33/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-33/par-1
No corporation can be formed unless it is formed pursuant to the provisions of this Code and other laws.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 学術、技芸、慈善、祭祀、宗教その他の公益を目的とする法人、営利事業を営むことを目的とする法人その他の法人の設立、組織、運営及び管理については、この法律その他の法律の定めるところによる。
art-33/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-33/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-33/par-2
The formation, organization, operation, and management of corporations including corporations formed for academic activities, art, charity, worship, religion and other public interests, and corporations formed for engaging in business for profit are governed by the provisions of this Code and other laws.
machine translation, not official
### 第三十四条（法人の能力） — (Capacity of Corporations)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-34 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-34 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-34
**第一項** 法人は、法令の規定に従い、定款その他の基本約款で定められた目的の範囲内において、権利を有し、義務を負う。
art-34/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-34/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-34/par-1
A corporation has rights and is subject to duties, subject to the provisions of laws and regulations and within the scope of the purpose stated in its articles of incorporation and other basic provisions.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三十五条（外国法人） — (Foreign Corporations)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-35 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-35 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-35
**第一項** 外国法人は、国、国の行政区画及び外国会社を除き、その成立を認許しない。ただし、法律又は条約の規定により認許された外国法人は、この限りでない。
art-35/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-35/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-35/par-1
With the exception of states, any administrative division of states, and foreign companies, the formation of a foreign corporation is not recognized; provided, however, that, this does not apply to any foreign corporation that are recognized pursuant to the provisions of a law or treaty.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定により認許された外国法人は、日本において成立する同種の法人と同一の私権を有する。ただし、外国人が享有することのできない権利及び法律又は条約中に特別の規定がある権利については、この限りでない。
art-35/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-35/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-35/par-2
A foreign corporation recognized pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph possesses the same private rights as those possessed by a corporation of the same kind which can be formed in Japan; provided, however, that, this does not apply to any right that a foreign national is not entitled to enjoy or to any right for which there are special provisions in a law or treaty.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三十六条（登記） — (Registration)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-36 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-36 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-36
**第一項** 法人及び外国法人は、この法律その他の法令の定めるところにより、登記をするものとする。
art-36/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-36/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-36/par-1
Corporations and foreign corporations are to complete their registration pursuant to the provisions of this Code and other laws and regulations.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三十七条（外国法人の登記） — (Registration of Foreign Corporations)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-37 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-37 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-37
**第一項** 外国法人（第三十五条第一項ただし書に規定する外国法人に限る。以下この条において同じ。）が日本に事務所を設けたときは、三週間以内に、その事務所の所在地において、次に掲げる事項を登記しなければならない。
art-37/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-37/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-37/par-1
If a foreign corporation (limited to the foreign corporation prescribed in the proviso to Article 35, paragraph (1); the same applies in this Article below) establishes an office in Japan, the registration of the foreign corporation must be completed by registering the following particulars at the location of the office, within three weeks:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 外国法人の設立の準拠法
art-37/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-37/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-37/par-1/item-1
the law governing the incorporation of the foreign corporations;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 目的
art-37/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-37/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-37/par-1/item-2
the purpose;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 名称
art-37/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-37/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-37/par-1/item-3
the name;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 事務所の所在場所
art-37/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-37/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-37/par-1/item-4
the address of the office;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**五** 存続期間を定めたときは、その定め
art-37/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-37/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-37/par-1/item-5
the duration, if it is specified; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**六** 代表者の氏名及び住所
art-37/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-37/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-37/par-1/item-6
the name and address of its representative.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項各号に掲げる事項に変更を生じたときは、三週間以内に、変更の登記をしなければならない。この場合において、登記前にあっては、その変更をもって第三者に対抗することができない。
art-37/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-37/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-37/par-2
If there is a change in any of the particulars stated in the items of the preceding paragraph, a registration of the change must be completed for within three weeks. In this case, the change may not be asserted against any third party before it is registered.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 代表者の職務の執行を停止し、若しくはその職務を代行する者を選任する仮処分命令又はその仮処分命令を変更し、若しくは取り消す決定がされたときは、その登記をしなければならない。この場合においては、前項後段の規定を準用する。
art-37/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-37/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-37/par-3
If a provisional disposition order suspending the execution of duties by the representative or appointing a person who will perform those duties on behalf of the representative is issued or a ruling changing or setting aside that provisional disposition order is made, its registration must be completed. In this case, the provisions of the second sentence of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前二項の規定により登記すべき事項が外国において生じたときは、登記の期間は、その通知が到達した日から起算する。
art-37/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-37/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-37/par-4
If particulars that must be registered pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs arises in a foreign country, the period for registration is counted from the day on which the notice of these particulars reached.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 外国法人が初めて日本に事務所を設けたときは、その事務所の所在地において登記するまでは、第三者は、その法人の成立を否認することができる。
art-37/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-37/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-37/par-5
If a foreign corporation established an office in Japan for the first time, a third party may decline to recognize that corporation's formation until it has been registered in the location of that office.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第六項** 外国法人が事務所を移転したときは、旧所在地においては三週間以内に移転の登記をし、新所在地においては四週間以内に第一項各号に掲げる事項を登記しなければならない。
art-37/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-37/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-37/par-6
If a foreign corporation relocates its office, the registration of relocation must be completed at the former location within three weeks and the registration of the foreign corporation must be completed by registering the items of paragraph (1) at the new location within four weeks.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第七項** 同一の登記所の管轄区域内において事務所を移転したときは、その移転を登記すれば足りる。
art-37/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-37/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-37/par-7
If a foreign corporation relocates its office within the jurisdictional district of the same registry office, it is sufficient for it to register its relocation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第八項** 外国法人の代表者が、この条に規定する登記を怠ったときは、五十万円以下の過料に処する。
art-37/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-37/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-37/par-8
If a representative of a foreign corporation fails to complete a registration provided for in this Article, the representative is subject to a civil fine of not more than 500,000 yen.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三十八条から第八十四条まで 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-38-to-84 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-38-to-84 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-38-to-84
**第一項** 削除
art-38-to-84/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-38-to-84/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-38-to-84/par-1
no English for this paragraph
## 第四章 物 — Chapter IV Things
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-1/ch-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-1/ch-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-1/ch-4
### 第八十五条（定義） — (Definition)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-85 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-85 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-85
**第一項** この法律において「物」とは、有体物をいう。
art-85/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-85/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-85/par-1
The term "things" as used in this Code means tangible objects.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八十六条（不動産及び動産） — (Immovables and Movables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-86 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-86 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-86
**第一項** 土地及びその定着物は、不動産とする。
art-86/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-86/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-86/par-1
Land and any fixtures thereto are immovables.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 不動産以外の物は、すべて動産とする。
art-86/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-86/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-86/par-2
Things other than immovables are movables.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八十七条（主物及び従物） — (Principal Things and Accessory Things)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-87 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-87 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-87
**第一項** 物の所有者が、その物の常用に供するため、自己の所有に属する他の物をこれに附属させたときは、その附属させた物を従物とする。
art-87/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-87/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-87/par-1
If the owner of a thing attaches a second thing that the owner owns to the thing to serve the ordinary use of the thing, the thing that the owner attaches is an accessory thing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 従物は、主物の処分に従う。
art-87/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-87/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-87/par-2
An accessory thing is disposed of together with the principal thing if the principal thing is disposed of.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八十八条（天然果実及び法定果実） — (Natural Fruits and Civil Fruits)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-88 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-88 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-88
**第一項** 物の用法に従い収取する産出物を天然果実とする。
art-88/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-88/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-88/par-1
Products obtained from the intended use of a thing are its natural fruits.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 物の使用の対価として受けるべき金銭その他の物を法定果実とする。
art-88/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-88/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-88/par-2
Money and other things that may be obtained in exchange for the use of any thing are civil fruits.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八十九条（果実の帰属） — (Ownership of Fruits)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-89 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-89 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-89
**第一項** 天然果実は、その元物から分離する時に、これを収取する権利を有する者に帰属する。
art-89/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-89/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-89/par-1
The ownership of natural fruits is acquired by the person entitled to obtain them when they are separated from the original thing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 法定果実は、これを収取する権利の存続期間に応じて、日割計算によりこれを取得する。
art-89/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-89/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-89/par-2
A person acquires civil fruits in proportion to the duration of the right to obtain them, as calculated on a prorated, daily basis.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第五章 法律行為 — Chapter V Juridical Acts
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-1/ch-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-1/ch-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-1/ch-5
## 第一節 総則 — Section 1 General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-1/ch-5/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-1/ch-5/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-1/ch-5/sec-1
### 第九十条（公序良俗） — (Public Policy)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-90 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-90 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-90
**第一項** 公の秩序又は善良の風俗に反する法律行為は、無効とする。
art-90/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-90/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-90/par-1
A juridical act that is against public policy is void.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九十一条（任意規定と異なる意思表示） — (Manifestations of Intention Inconsistent with Default Rules)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-91 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-91 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-91
**第一項** 法律行為の当事者が法令中の公の秩序に関しない規定と異なる意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-91/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-91/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-91/par-1
If the person performing a juridical act manifests an intention that is inconsistent with the provisions of laws and regulations that are not related to public policy, that intention prevails.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九十二条（任意規定と異なる慣習） — (Customs Inconsistent with Default Rules)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-92 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-92 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-92
**第一項** 法令中の公の秩序に関しない規定と異なる慣習がある場合において、法律行為の当事者がその慣習による意思を有しているものと認められるときは、その慣習に従う。
art-92/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-92/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-92/par-1
If a custom is inconsistent with the provisions of laws and regulations that are not related to public policy and it is found that the person performing a juridical act has the intention to abide by that custom, that custom prevails.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二節 意思表示 — Section 2 Manifestations of Intention
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-1/ch-5/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-1/ch-5/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-1/ch-5/sec-2
### 第九十三条（心裡留保） — (Mental Reservations)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-93 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-93 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-93
**第一項** 意思表示は、表意者がその真意ではないことを知ってしたときであっても、そのためにその効力を妨げられない。ただし、相手方がその意思表示が表意者の真意ではないことを知り、又は知ることができたときは、その意思表示は、無効とする。
art-93/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-93/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-93/par-1
The validity of a manifestation of intention is not impaired even if the person making it does so while knowing that it does not reflect that person's true intention; provided, however, that if the other party knew or could have known that the manifestation was not the true intention of the person who made it, that manifestation of intention is void.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項ただし書の規定による意思表示の無効は、善意の第三者に対抗することができない。
art-93/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-93/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-93/par-2
The nullity of a manifestation of intention under the provisions of the proviso to the preceding paragraph may not be duly asserted against a third party in good faith.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九十四条（虚偽表示） — (False Manifestations of Intention)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-94 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-94 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-94
**第一項** 相手方と通じてした虚偽の意思表示は、無効とする。
art-94/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-94/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-94/par-1
A false manifestation of intention that a person makes in collusion with another person is void.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定による意思表示の無効は、善意の第三者に対抗することができない。
art-94/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-94/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-94/par-2
The nullity of a manifestation of intention under the provisions of the preceding paragraph may not be duly asserted against a third party in good faith.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九十五条（錯誤） — (Mistakes)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-95 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-95 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-95
**第一項** 意思表示は、次に掲げる錯誤に基づくものであって、その錯誤が法律行為の目的及び取引上の社会通念に照らして重要なものであるときは、取り消すことができる。
art-95/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-95/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-95/par-1
A manifestation of intention may be revoked if it is based on either of the following mistakes, and the mistake is material in light of the purpose of the juridical act and common sense trading practices:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 意思表示に対応する意思を欠く錯誤
art-95/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-95/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-95/par-1/item-1
a mistake wherein the person lacks the intention that corresponds to the manifestation of intention; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 表意者が法律行為の基礎とした事情についてのその認識が真実に反する錯誤
art-95/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-95/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-95/par-1/item-2
a mistake wherein the person making the manifestation of intention holds an understanding that does not correspond to the truth with regard to the circumstances which the person has taken as the basis for the juridical act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項第二号の規定による意思表示の取消しは、その事情が法律行為の基礎とされていることが表示されていたときに限り、することができる。
art-95/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-95/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-95/par-2
A manifestation of intention under the provisions of item (ii) of the preceding paragraph may be revoked only if it has been indicated that the circumstances in question are being taken as the basis for the juridical act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 錯誤が表意者の重大な過失によるものであった場合には、次に掲げる場合を除き、第一項の規定による意思表示の取消しをすることができない。
art-95/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-95/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-95/par-3
If a mistake is due to gross negligence on the part of the person making the manifestation of intention, that person may not revoke a manifestation of intention as under paragraph (1), except in the following cases:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 相手方が表意者に錯誤があることを知り、又は重大な過失によって知らなかったとき。
art-95/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-95/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-95/par-3/item-1
if the other party knew, or did not know due to gross negligence, of the mistake on the part of the person making the manifestation of intention; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 相手方が表意者と同一の錯誤に陥っていたとき。
art-95/par-3/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-95/par-3/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-95/par-3/item-2
if the other party was under the same mistake as the person making the manifestation of intention.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第一項の規定による意思表示の取消しは、善意でかつ過失がない第三者に対抗することができない。
art-95/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-95/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-95/par-4
The revocation of a manifestation of intention under the provisions of paragraph (1) may not be duly asserted against a third party in good faith acting without negligence.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九十六条（詐欺又は強迫） — (Fraud or Duress)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-96 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-96 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-96
**第一項** 詐欺又は強迫による意思表示は、取り消すことができる。
art-96/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-96/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-96/par-1
A manifestation of intention based on fraud or duress may be revoked.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 相手方に対する意思表示について第三者が詐欺を行った場合においては、相手方がその事実を知り、又は知ることができたときに限り、その意思表示を取り消すことができる。
art-96/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-96/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-96/par-2
If a third party commits a fraud inducing a first party to make a manifestation of intention to a second party, that manifestation of intention may be revoked only if the second party knew or could have known that fact.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定による詐欺による意思表示の取消しは、善意でかつ過失がない第三者に対抗することができない。
art-96/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-96/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-96/par-3
The revocation of a manifestation of intention induced by fraud under the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs may not be duly asserted against a third party in good faith acting without negligence.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九十七条（意思表示の効力発生時期等） — (Timing of Entry into Effect of Manifestations of Intention)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-97 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-97 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-97
**第一項** 意思表示は、その通知が相手方に到達した時からその効力を生ずる。
art-97/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-97/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-97/par-1
A manifestation of intention becomes effective at the time notice of the manifestation reaches the other party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 相手方が正当な理由なく意思表示の通知が到達することを妨げたときは、その通知は、通常到達すべきであった時に到達したものとみなす。
art-97/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-97/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-97/par-2
If the other party prevents notice of a manifestation of intention from reaching them without a legitimate reason, the notice is deemed to have reached that party at the time it would have normally reached them.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 意思表示は、表意者が通知を発した後に死亡し、意思能力を喪失し、又は行為能力の制限を受けたときであっても、そのためにその効力を妨げられない。
art-97/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-97/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-97/par-3
The effect of a manifestation of intention is not impaired even if the person making it dies, loses mental capacity, or becomes subject to restrictions on their legal capacity to act after having sent the notice.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九十八条（公示による意思表示） — (Manifestation of Intention by Public Notice)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-98 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-98 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-98
**第一項** 意思表示は、表意者が相手方を知ることができず、又はその所在を知ることができないときは、公示の方法によってすることができる。
art-98/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-98/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-98/par-1
A manifestation of intention may be made by means of public notice if the person making it is unable to ascertain who the other party is or is unable to ascertain the whereabouts thereof.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の公示は、公示送達に関する民事訴訟法（平成八年法律第百九号）の規定に従い、裁判所の掲示場に掲示し、かつ、その掲示があったことを官報に少なくとも一回掲載して行う。ただし、裁判所は、相当と認めるときは、官報への掲載に代えて、市役所、区役所、町村役場又はこれらに準ずる施設の掲示場に掲示すべきことを命ずることができる。
art-98/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-98/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-98/par-2
Public notice referred to in the preceding paragraph is effected by a notice being posted in the posting area of the relevant court and an indication that that posting has been made being published in the Official Gazette at least once, in accordance with the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure (Act No. 109 of 1996) on service by publication; provided, however, that if the court finds it to be suitable, it may order that a notice be posted in the posting area of the city office, ward office, town hall, or any facility equivalent to these in lieu of the relevant information being published in the Official Gazette.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 公示による意思表示は、最後に官報に掲載した日又はその掲載に代わる掲示を始めた日から二週間を経過した時に、相手方に到達したものとみなす。ただし、表意者が相手方を知らないこと又はその所在を知らないことについて過失があったときは、到達の効力を生じない。
art-98/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-98/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-98/par-3
A manifestation of intention by public notice is deemed to have reached the other party once two weeks have passed since the day when the relevant information was last published in the Official Gazette or once two weeks have passed since the day on which the relevant information started to be posted in lieu of being so published; provided, however, that the effect of a manifestation of intention having reached the other party does not arise if the person making it was negligent in not ascertaining the other party or the whereabouts.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 公示に関する手続は、相手方を知ることができない場合には表意者の住所地の、相手方の所在を知ることができない場合には相手方の最後の住所地の簡易裁判所の管轄に属する。
art-98/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-98/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-98/par-4
If the person making a manifestation of intention is unable to ascertain who the other party is, the procedures involved in public notice are under the jurisdiction of the summary court that has jurisdiction over the locality where the person making the manifestation of intention is domiciled; if the person making a manifestation of intention is unable to ascertain the whereabouts of the other party, the procedures involved in public notice are under the jurisdiction of the summary court that has jurisdiction over the locality of the last known domicile of the other party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 裁判所は、表意者に、公示に関する費用を予納させなければならない。
art-98/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-98/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-98/par-5
The court must have the person making a manifestation of intention prepay the expenses associated with a public notice.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九十八条の二（意思表示の受領能力） — (Capacity to Receive Manifestations of Intention)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-98-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-98-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-98-2
**第一項** 意思表示の相手方がその意思表示を受けた時に意思能力を有しなかったとき又は未成年者若しくは成年被後見人であったときは、その意思表示をもってその相手方に対抗することができない。ただし、次に掲げる者がその意思表示を知った後は、この限りでない。
art-98-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-98-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-98-2/par-1
Any person may not assert a manifestation of intention against the other party to that if that other party had no mental capacity or was a minor or an adult ward at the time of receiving it; provided, however, that this does not apply after either of the following persons learns of the manifestation of intention:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 相手方の法定代理人
art-98-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-98-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-98-2/par-1/item-1
the legal representative of the other party; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 意思能力を回復し、又は行為能力者となった相手方
art-98-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-98-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-98-2/par-1/item-2
the other party, after that other party's mental capacity has been restored or after that other party has become a person with capacity to act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三節 代理 — Section 3 Agency
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-1/ch-5/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-1/ch-5/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-1/ch-5/sec-3
### 第九十九条（代理行為の要件及び効果） — (Requirements and Effect of Acts of Agency)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-99 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-99 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-99
**第一項** 代理人がその権限内において本人のためにすることを示してした意思表示は、本人に対して直接にその効力を生ずる。
art-99/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-99/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-99/par-1
A manifestation of intention that an agent makes indicating that they will be making a manifestation of intention on behalf of the principal within the scope of the agent's authority binds the principal directly.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、第三者が代理人に対してした意思表示について準用する。
art-99/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-99/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-99/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to a manifestation of intention that a third party makes to an agent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百条（本人のためにすることを示さない意思表示） — (Manifestation of Intention That the Agent Does Not Indicate as Being Made on Behalf of the Principal)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-100 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-100 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-100
**第一項** 代理人が本人のためにすることを示さないでした意思表示は、自己のためにしたものとみなす。ただし、相手方が、代理人が本人のためにすることを知り、又は知ることができたときは、前条第一項の規定を準用する。
art-100/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-100/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-100/par-1
A manifestation of intention that an agent makes without having indicated that they will be acting on behalf of the principal is deemed to be one that the agent has made on their own account; provided, however, that if the other party knew or could have known that the agent was acting on behalf of the principal, the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百一条（代理行為の瑕疵） — (Defects in Acts of Agency)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-101 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-101 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-101
**第一項** 代理人が相手方に対してした意思表示の効力が意思の不存在、錯誤、詐欺、強迫又はある事情を知っていたこと若しくは知らなかったことにつき過失があったことによって影響を受けるべき場合には、その事実の有無は、代理人について決するものとする。
art-101/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-101/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-101/par-1
If the validity of a manifestation of intention that an agent has made to the other party is to be influenced by the absence of intention, by mistake, by fraud, or by duress; by the recipient's knowledge of or negligence in not knowing of a particular circumstance; whether or not any fact was present is decided as it concerns the agent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 相手方が代理人に対してした意思表示の効力が意思表示を受けた者がある事情を知っていたこと又は知らなかったことにつき過失があったことによって影響を受けるべき場合には、その事実の有無は、代理人について決するものとする。
art-101/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-101/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-101/par-2
If the validity of a manifestation of intention that the other party has made to the agent is to be influenced by the recipient's knowledge of or negligence in not knowing of a particular circumstance, whether or not any fact was present is decided as it concerns the agent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 特定の法律行為をすることを委託された代理人がその行為をしたときは、本人は、自ら知っていた事情について代理人が知らなかったことを主張することができない。本人が過失によって知らなかった事情についても、同様とする。
art-101/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-101/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-101/par-3
If an agent who has been entrusted with performing a specific juridical act performs that act, the principal may not assert that the agent did not know of any particular circumstance of which the principal knew. The same applies to any circumstance of which the principal did not know due to the principal's own negligence.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百二条（代理人の行為能力） — (Agent's Capacity to Act)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-102 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-102 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-102
**第一項** 制限行為能力者が代理人としてした行為は、行為能力の制限によっては取り消すことができない。ただし、制限行為能力者が他の制限行為能力者の法定代理人としてした行為については、この限りでない。
art-102/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-102/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-102/par-1
An act that a person with qualified legal capacity performs as an agent of another person may not be revoked on the grounds of qualified legal capacity; provided, however, that this does not apply to an act performed by a person with qualified legal capacity as a legal representative of another person with qualified legal capacity.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百三条（権限の定めのない代理人の権限） — (Authority of an Agent with No Specifically Defined Authority)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-103 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-103 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-103
**第一項** 権限の定めのない代理人は、次に掲げる行為のみをする権限を有する。
art-103/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-103/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-103/par-1
An agent who has no specifically defined authority has the authority to perform the following acts only:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 保存行為
art-103/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-103/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-103/par-1/item-1
acts of preservation; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 代理の目的である物又は権利の性質を変えない範囲内において、その利用又は改良を目的とする行為
art-103/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-103/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-103/par-1/item-2
acts with the purpose of using or improving a thing or right that is the subject matter of the agency, to the extent that this does not change the nature of that thing or right.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百四条（任意代理人による復代理人の選任） — (Appointment of Subagents by Agents)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-104 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-104 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-104
**第一項** 委任による代理人は、本人の許諾を得たとき、又はやむを得ない事由があるときでなければ、復代理人を選任することができない。
art-104/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-104/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-104/par-1
An agent appointed by mandate may not appoint a subagent unless the authorization of the principal is obtained or there is a compelling reason to do so.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百五条（法定代理人による復代理人の選任） — (Appointment of Subagents by Legal Representatives)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-105 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-105 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-105
**第一項** 法定代理人は、自己の責任で復代理人を選任することができる。この場合において、やむを得ない事由があるときは、本人に対してその選任及び監督についての責任のみを負う。
art-105/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-105/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-105/par-1
A legal representative may appoint a subagent on its own responsibility. In such a case, if there is a compelling reason to do so, the legal representative is only liable to the principal for the appointment and supervision of the subagent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百六条（復代理人の権限等） — (Authority of Subagents)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-106 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-106 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-106
**第一項** 復代理人は、その権限内の行為について、本人を代表する。
art-106/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-106/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-106/par-1
A subagent represents the principal with respect to acts within the scope of that subagent's authority.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 復代理人は、本人及び第三者に対して、その権限の範囲内において、代理人と同一の権利を有し、義務を負う。
art-106/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-106/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-106/par-2
A subagent has the same rights and obligations as an agent in relation to the principal and third parties within the scope of that subagent's authority.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百七条（代理権の濫用） — (Abuse of Authority to Represent)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-107 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-107 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-107
**第一項** 代理人が自己又は第三者の利益を図る目的で代理権の範囲内の行為をした場合において、相手方がその目的を知り、又は知ることができたときは、その行為は、代理権を有しない者がした行為とみなす。
art-107/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-107/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-107/par-1
If an agent performs an act that falls within the scope of that agent's authority to represent for the purpose of benefiting the agent's own interests or the interests of a third party, and the other party knew of or could have ascertained that purpose, that act is deemed to be an act performed by a person without authority to represent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八条（自己契約及び双方代理等） — (Self-Contracting and Representation of Both Parties)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-108 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-108 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-108
**第一項** 同一の法律行為について、相手方の代理人として、又は当事者双方の代理人としてした行為は、代理権を有しない者がした行為とみなす。ただし、債務の履行及び本人があらかじめ許諾した行為については、この限りでない。
art-108/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-108/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-108/par-1
An act that a person performs as an agent of the counterparty or as agent of both parties for the same juridical act is deemed to be an act performed by a person without authority to represent; provided, however, that this does not apply to the performance of an obligation or to an act authorized by the principal in advance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項本文に規定するもののほか、代理人と本人との利益が相反する行為については、代理権を有しない者がした行為とみなす。ただし、本人があらかじめ許諾した行為については、この限りでない。
art-108/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-108/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-108/par-2
Beyond what is provided for in the main clause of the preceding paragraph, an act for which the interest of the agent conflicts with the interest of the principal is deemed to be an act performed by a person without authority to represent; provided, however, that this does not apply to an act authorized by the principal in advance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九条（代理権授与の表示による表見代理等） — (Apparent Authority Due to Indication of Grant of Authority to Represent)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-109 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-109 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-109
**第一項** 第三者に対して他人に代理権を与えた旨を表示した者は、その代理権の範囲内においてその他人が第三者との間でした行為について、その責任を負う。ただし、第三者が、その他人が代理権を与えられていないことを知り、又は過失によって知らなかったときは、この限りでない。
art-109/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-109/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-109/par-1
A person who indicates to a third party that the person granted certain authority to represent to another person is liable for an act performed between that other person and that third party within the scope of the authority to represent; provided, however, that this does not apply if the third party knew or did not know due to negligence that the other person has not been granted the authority to represent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第三者に対して他人に代理権を与えた旨を表示した者は、その代理権の範囲内においてその他人が第三者との間で行為をしたとすれば前項の規定によりその責任を負うべき場合において、その他人が第三者との間でその代理権の範囲外の行為をしたときは、第三者がその行為についてその他人の代理権があると信ずべき正当な理由があるときに限り、その行為についての責任を負う。
art-109/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-109/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-109/par-2
If a person who indicates to a third party that the person granted authority to represent to another person is, pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, liable for acts performed by that other person in relation to the third party within the scope of the authority to represent, and the other person performs in relation to the third party an act beyond the scope of the authority to represent, the person who makes the indication is liable for that act only if the third party has reasonable grounds for believing that the other person has authority to represent in that act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百十条（権限外の行為の表見代理） — (Apparent Authority of Act Exceeding Authority)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-110 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-110 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-110
**第一項** 前条第一項本文の規定は、代理人がその権限外の行為をした場合において、第三者が代理人の権限があると信ずべき正当な理由があるときについて準用する。
art-110/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-110/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-110/par-1
The provisions of the main clause of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis if an agent performs an act exceeding the agent's authority to represent and a third party has reasonable grounds for believing that the agent has the authority as an agent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百十一条（代理権の消滅事由） — (Ground of Extinction of Authority to Represent)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-111 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-111 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-111
**第一項** 代理権は、次に掲げる事由によって消滅する。
art-111/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-111/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-111/par-1
The authority to represent ceases to exist upon:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 本人の死亡
art-111/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-111/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-111/par-1/item-1
death of the principal; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 代理人の死亡又は代理人が破産手続開始の決定若しくは後見開始の審判を受けたこと。
art-111/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-111/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-111/par-1/item-2
death of the agent, or order commencing bankruptcy proceeding or a decision for commencement of guardianship against the agent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 委任による代理権は、前項各号に掲げる事由のほか、委任の終了によって消滅する。
art-111/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-111/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-111/par-2
The authority to represent by mandate ceases to exist, other than on the grounds stated in the respective items of the preceding paragraph, upon the termination of the mandate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百十二条（代理権消滅後の表見代理等） — (Apparent Authority After Extinction of Authority to Represent)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-112 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-112 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-112
**第一項** 他人に代理権を与えた者は、代理権の消滅後にその代理権の範囲内においてその他人が第三者との間でした行為について、代理権の消滅の事実を知らなかった第三者に対してその責任を負う。ただし、第三者が過失によってその事実を知らなかったときは、この限りでない。
art-112/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-112/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-112/par-1
A person that grants authority to represent to another person is liable towards a third party for an act performed between that other person and the third party within the scope of the authority to represent after the extinction of the authority to represent if that third party does not know the fact that the authority to represent has ceased to exist; provided, however, that this does not apply if the third party does not know the fact due to negligence.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 他人に代理権を与えた者は、代理権の消滅後に、その代理権の範囲内においてその他人が第三者との間で行為をしたとすれば前項の規定によりその責任を負うべき場合において、その他人が第三者との間でその代理権の範囲外の行為をしたときは、第三者がその行為についてその他人の代理権があると信ずべき正当な理由があるときに限り、その行為についての責任を負う。
art-112/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-112/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-112/par-2
If a person that grants authority to represent to another person is, pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, liable for an act performed between that other person and a third party within the scope of the authority to represent after the extinction of that authority to represent, and the other person performs in relation to the third party an act beyond the scope of the authority to represent, the person that grants authority to represent is liable for that act only if the third party has reasonable grounds for believing that the other person has authority to represent for the act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百十三条（無権代理） — (Unauthorized Agency)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-113 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-113 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-113
**第一項** 代理権を有しない者が他人の代理人としてした契約は、本人がその追認をしなければ、本人に対してその効力を生じない。
art-113/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-113/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-113/par-1
A contract concluded by a person who acts as the agent of another person but has no authority to represent does not bind the principal unless the principal ratifies it.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 追認又はその拒絶は、相手方に対してしなければ、その相手方に対抗することができない。ただし、相手方がその事実を知ったときは、この限りでない。
art-113/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-113/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-113/par-2
The ratification or refusal to ratify may not be duly asserted against the counterparty unless it is made to that counterparty; provided, however, that this does not apply if the counterparty has come to know the ratification or refusal to ratify.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百十四条（無権代理の相手方の催告権） — (Right to Demand of Counterparty of Unauthorized Agency)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-114 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-114 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-114
**第一項** 前条の場合において、相手方は、本人に対し、相当の期間を定めて、その期間内に追認をするかどうかを確答すべき旨の催告をすることができる。この場合において、本人がその期間内に確答をしないときは、追認を拒絶したものとみなす。
art-114/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-114/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-114/par-1
In the case referred to in the preceding Article, the counterparty may demand, by specifying a reasonable period of time, that the principal give a definite answer on whether or not the principal will ratify within that period of time. In this case, if the principal fails to give a definite answer within that period, the principal is deemed to have refused to ratify.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百十五条（無権代理の相手方の取消権） — (Right to Rescind of Counterparty of Unauthorized Agency)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-115 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-115 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-115
**第一項** 代理権を有しない者がした契約は、本人が追認をしない間は、相手方が取り消すことができる。ただし、契約の時において代理権を有しないことを相手方が知っていたときは、この限りでない。
art-115/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-115/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-115/par-1
A counterparty may rescind a contract that a person without the authority to represent has concluded until the principal ratifies it; provided, however, that this does not apply if the counterparty knew at the time of the conclusion of the contract that the agent had no authority to represent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百十六条（無権代理行為の追認） — (Ratification of Act of Unauthorized Agency)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-116 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-116 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-116
**第一項** 追認は、別段の意思表示がないときは、契約の時にさかのぼってその効力を生ずる。ただし、第三者の権利を害することはできない。
art-116/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-116/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-116/par-1
Ratification is retroactive to the time of the conclusion of the contract unless a particular intention is manifested; provided, however, that this may not prejudice the rights of a third party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百十七条（無権代理人の責任） — (Liability of Unauthorized Agency)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-117 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-117 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-117
**第一項** 他人の代理人として契約をした者は、自己の代理権を証明したとき、又は本人の追認を得たときを除き、相手方の選択に従い、相手方に対して履行又は損害賠償の責任を負う。
art-117/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-117/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-117/par-1
A person who concludes a contract as an agent of another person is liable to the counterparty for the performance of the contract or damages, as chosen by the counterparty, unless the person proves their authority to represent or the principal ratifies the contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、次に掲げる場合には、適用しない。
art-117/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-117/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-117/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply in the following cases:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 他人の代理人として契約をした者が代理権を有しないことを相手方が知っていたとき。
art-117/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-117/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-117/par-2/item-1
if the counterparty knew that the person who concluded the contract as an agent of the other person had no authority to represent;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 他人の代理人として契約をした者が代理権を有しないことを相手方が過失によって知らなかったとき。ただし、他人の代理人として契約をした者が自己に代理権がないことを知っていたときは、この限りでない。
art-117/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-117/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-117/par-2/item-2
if the counterparty was negligent in not knowing that the person who concluded the contract as an agent of the other person had no authority to represent; provided, however, that this does not apply if the person who concluded a contract as an agent of the other person knew themselves to have no authority to represent; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 他人の代理人として契約をした者が行為能力の制限を受けていたとき。
art-117/par-2/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-117/par-2/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-117/par-2/item-3
if the legal capacity to act of the person who concluded the contract as an agent of the other person was subject to restrictions.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百十八条（単独行為の無権代理） — (Unauthorized Agency in Unilateral Juridical Act)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-118 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-118 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-118
**第一項** 単独行為については、その行為の時において、相手方が、代理人と称する者が代理権を有しないで行為をすることに同意し、又はその代理権を争わなかったときに限り、第百十三条から前条までの規定を準用する。代理権を有しない者に対しその同意を得て単独行為をしたときも、同様とする。
art-118/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-118/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-118/par-1
With respect to a unilateral juridical act, the provisions of Articles 113 through the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis only if the counterparty, at the time of the act, either agrees for the person holding themselves out as an agent to act without the authority to represent or does not contest the authority to represent of that person. The same applies if that counterparty does a unilateral juridical act to a person without authority to represent with the consent of that person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四節 無効及び取消し — Section 4 Nullity and Revocation
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-1/ch-5/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-1/ch-5/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-1/ch-5/sec-4
### 第百十九条（無効な行為の追認） — (Ratification of Void Acts)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-119 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-119 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-119
**第一項** 無効な行為は、追認によっても、その効力を生じない。ただし、当事者がその行為の無効であることを知って追認をしたときは、新たな行為をしたものとみなす。
art-119/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-119/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-119/par-1
A void act does not become effective by ratification; provided, however, that if a party ratifies an act knowing that the act is void, it is deemed that the party did a new act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百二十条（取消権者） — (Holder of Right to Rescind)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-120 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-120 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-120
**第一項** 行為能力の制限によって取り消すことができる行為は、制限行為能力者（他の制限行為能力者の法定代理人としてした行為にあっては、当該他の制限行為能力者を含む。）又はその代理人、承継人若しくは同意をすることができる者に限り、取り消すことができる。
art-120/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-120/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-120/par-1
An act that is revocable on the grounds of the qualified legal capacity to act of the person who did the act may be revoked only by the person with qualified legal capacity (in the case of an act performed by the person as a legal representative of another person with limited capacity, including that other person with limited capacity), or their agent or successor, or a person who has the authority to give consent thereto.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 錯誤、詐欺又は強迫によって取り消すことができる行為は、瑕疵ある意思表示をした者又はその代理人若しくは承継人に限り、取り消すことができる。
art-120/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-120/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-120/par-2
An act that is revocable on the grounds of a mistake, fraud or duress may be revoked only by the person who made the defective manifestation of intention, or their agent or successor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百二十一条（取消しの効果） — (Effect of Revocation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-121 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-121 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-121
**第一項** 取り消された行為は、初めから無効であったものとみなす。
art-121/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-121/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-121/par-1
An act that has been revoked is deemed void ab initio.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百二十一条の二（原状回復の義務） — (Obligation of Restoration)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-121-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-121-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-121-2
**第一項** 無効な行為に基づく債務の履行として給付を受けた者は、相手方を原状に復させる義務を負う。
art-121-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-121-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-121-2/par-1
A person that has received payment or delivery as the performance of an obligation based on a void act has an obligation to restore the other party to the original state.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定にかかわらず、無効な無償行為に基づく債務の履行として給付を受けた者は、給付を受けた当時その行為が無効であること（給付を受けた後に前条の規定により初めから無効であったものとみなされた行為にあっては、給付を受けた当時その行為が取り消すことができるものであること）を知らなかったときは、その行為によって現に利益を受けている限度において、返還の義務を負う。
art-121-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-121-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-121-2/par-2
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if a person that receives payment or delivery as the performance of an obligation based on a void gratuitous act did not know that the act was void at the time of receiving the payment or delivery (or if the person did not know that the act may be revoked at the time of receiving the payment or delivery in the case of an act which is deemed void ab initio pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article after the receipt of the payment or delivery), has an obligation to return to the extent currently enriched by the act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の規定にかかわらず、行為の時に意思能力を有しなかった者は、その行為によって現に利益を受けている限度において、返還の義務を負う。行為の時に制限行為能力者であった者についても、同様とする。
art-121-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-121-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-121-2/par-3
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), a person who has no mental capacity at the time of performing an act has an obligation to return to the extent currently enriched by the act. The same applies to a person who is a person with qualified legal capacity at the time of performing an act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百二十二条（取り消すことができる行為の追認） — (Ratification of Revocable Acts)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-122 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-122 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-122
**第一項** 取り消すことができる行為は、第百二十条に規定する者が追認したときは、以後、取り消すことができない。
art-122/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-122/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-122/par-1
A revocable act may not be revoked after the person prescribed in Article 120 ratifies it.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百二十三条（取消し及び追認の方法） — (Method of Revocation and Ratification)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-123 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-123 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-123
**第一項** 取り消すことができる行為の相手方が確定している場合には、その取消し又は追認は、相手方に対する意思表示によってする。
art-123/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-123/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-123/par-1
If the counterparty to an act that may be revoked is identified, the revocation or ratification of that act is made by the manifestation of intention to the counterparty.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百二十四条（追認の要件） — (Requirements for Ratification)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-124 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-124 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-124
**第一項** 取り消すことができる行為の追認は、取消しの原因となっていた状況が消滅し、かつ、取消権を有することを知った後にしなければ、その効力を生じない。
art-124/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-124/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-124/par-1
The ratification of a revocable act does not become effective unless it is made after the circumstances that made the act revocable cease to exist and the person ratifying the act becomes aware of the right to revoke it.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 次に掲げる場合には、前項の追認は、取消しの原因となっていた状況が消滅した後にすることを要しない。
art-124/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-124/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-124/par-2
In the following cases, the ratification referred to in the preceding paragraph is not required to be made after the circumstances that made the act voidable cease to exist:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 法定代理人又は制限行為能力者の保佐人若しくは補助人が追認をするとき。
art-124/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-124/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-124/par-2/item-1
if a legal representative or a curator or assistant of a person with qualified legal capacity ratifies the act; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 制限行為能力者（成年被後見人を除く。）が法定代理人、保佐人又は補助人の同意を得て追認をするとき。
art-124/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-124/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-124/par-2/item-2
if a person with qualified legal capacity (excluding an adult ward) ratifies the act with the consent of a legal representative, curator or assistant.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百二十五条（法定追認） — (Statutory Ratification)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-125 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-125 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-125
**第一項** 追認をすることができる時以後に、取り消すことができる行為について次に掲げる事実があったときは、追認をしたものとみなす。ただし、異議をとどめたときは、この限りでない。
art-125/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-125/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-125/par-1
If, at or after the time when it becomes possible to ratify an act, any of the following facts occur with respect to a revocable act, it is deemed that the act has been ratified; provided, however, that this does not apply if an objection is reserved:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 全部又は一部の履行
art-125/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-125/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-125/par-1/item-1
full or partial performance;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 履行の請求
art-125/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-125/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-125/par-1/item-2
request for the performance;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 更改
art-125/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-125/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-125/par-1/item-3
novation;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 担保の供与
art-125/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-125/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-125/par-1/item-4
provision of a security;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**五** 取り消すことができる行為によって取得した権利の全部又は一部の譲渡
art-125/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-125/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-125/par-1/item-5
assignment of a part of or the whole of a right acquired by the revocable act; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**六** 強制執行
art-125/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-125/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-125/par-1/item-6
judicial enforcement.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百二十六条（取消権の期間の制限） — (Limitation on Period of Right to Revoke)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-126 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-126 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-126
**第一項** 取消権は、追認をすることができる時から五年間行使しないときは、時効によって消滅する。行為の時から二十年を経過したときも、同様とする。
art-126/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-126/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-126/par-1
The right to revoke an act is extinguished by the operation of the prescription if it is not exercised within five years from the time when it becomes possible to ratify the act. The same applies if 20 years have passed from the time of the act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第五節 条件及び期限 — Section 5 Conditions and Time Limits
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-1/ch-5/sec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-1/ch-5/sec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-1/ch-5/sec-5
### 第百二十七条（条件が成就した場合の効果） — (Effect of Fulfillment of Conditions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-127 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-127 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-127
**第一項** 停止条件付法律行為は、停止条件が成就した時からその効力を生ずる。
art-127/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-127/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-127/par-1
A juridical act subject to a condition precedent becomes effective upon fulfillment of the condition precedent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 解除条件付法律行為は、解除条件が成就した時からその効力を失う。
art-127/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-127/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-127/par-2
A juridical act that is subject to a condition subsequent ceases to be effective upon fulfillment of the condition subsequent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 当事者が条件が成就した場合の効果をその成就した時以前にさかのぼらせる意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-127/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-127/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-127/par-3
If the party manifests an intention to make the effects retroactive to the time of or any time before the time of the fulfillment, that intention prevails.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百二十八条（条件の成否未定の間における相手方の利益の侵害の禁止） — (Prohibition of Infringement of Interest of Counterparty Pending Fulfillment of Conditions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-128 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-128 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-128
**第一項** 条件付法律行為の各当事者は、条件の成否が未定である間は、条件が成就した場合にその法律行為から生ずべき相手方の利益を害することができない。
art-128/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-128/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-128/par-1
While it is uncertain whether or not a condition will be fulfilled, a party to a juridical act that is subject to a condition may not prejudice the other party's interests that would arise from the juridical act upon fulfillment of the condition.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百二十九条（条件の成否未定の間における権利の処分等） — (Disposition of Rights Pending Fulfillment of Conditions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-129 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-129 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-129
**第一項** 条件の成否が未定である間における当事者の権利義務は、一般の規定に従い、処分し、相続し、若しくは保存し、又はそのために担保を供することができる。
art-129/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-129/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-129/par-1
While it is uncertain whether or not a condition will be fulfilled, the rights and obligations of the party concerned may be disposed of, inherited or preserved, or a security may be provided therefor, in accordance with the general provisions.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百三十条（条件の成就の妨害等） — (Prevention of Fulfillment of Conditions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-130 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-130 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-130
**第一項** 条件が成就することによって不利益を受ける当事者が故意にその条件の成就を妨げたときは、相手方は、その条件が成就したものとみなすことができる。
art-130/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-130/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-130/par-1
If a party that would suffer a detriment as a result of the fulfillment of a condition intentionally prevents the fulfillment of that condition, the counterparty may deem that the condition has been fulfilled.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 条件が成就することによって利益を受ける当事者が不正にその条件を成就させたときは、相手方は、その条件が成就しなかったものとみなすことができる。
art-130/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-130/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-130/par-2
If a party who would enjoy a benefit as a result of the fulfillment of a condition wrongfully has that condition fulfilled, the counterparty may deem that the condition has not been fulfilled.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百三十一条（既成条件） — (Fulfilled Conditions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-131 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-131 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-131
**第一項** 条件が法律行為の時に既に成就していた場合において、その条件が停止条件であるときはその法律行為は無条件とし、その条件が解除条件であるときはその法律行為は無効とする。
art-131/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-131/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-131/par-1
If a condition has already been fulfilled at the time of a juridical act and that condition is a condition precedent, the juridical act constitutes an unconditional act; if that condition is a condition subsequent, the juridical act is void.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 条件が成就しないことが法律行為の時に既に確定していた場合において、その条件が停止条件であるときはその法律行為は無効とし、その条件が解除条件であるときはその法律行為は無条件とする。
art-131/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-131/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-131/par-2
If it has already been established at the time of a juridical act that a condition will not be fulfilled and that condition is a condition precedent, the juridical act is void; if that condition is a condition subsequent, the juridical act constitutes an unconditional act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項に規定する場合において、当事者が条件が成就したこと又は成就しなかったことを知らない間は、第百二十八条及び第百二十九条の規定を準用する。
art-131/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-131/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-131/par-3
In the cases referred to in the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, the provisions of Article 128 and Article 129 apply mutatis mutandis until the relevant party becomes aware that the condition has been or has not been fulfilled.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百三十二条（不法条件） — (Unlawful Conditions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-132 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-132 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-132
**第一項** 不法な条件を付した法律行為は、無効とする。不法な行為をしないことを条件とするものも、同様とする。
art-132/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-132/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-132/par-1
A juridical act subject to an unlawful condition is void. The same applies to a juridical act subject to the condition that an unlawful act not be performed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百三十三条（不能条件） — (Impossible Conditions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-133 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-133 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-133
**第一項** 不能の停止条件を付した法律行為は、無効とする。
art-133/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-133/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-133/par-1
A juridical act subject to an impossible condition precedent is void.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 不能の解除条件を付した法律行為は、無条件とする。
art-133/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-133/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-133/par-2
A juridical act subject to an impossible condition subsequent is an unconditional juridical act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百三十四条（随意条件） — (Potestative Conditions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-134 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-134 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-134
**第一項** 停止条件付法律行為は、その条件が単に債務者の意思のみに係るときは、無効とする。
art-134/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-134/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-134/par-1
A juridical act subject to a condition precedent is void if the condition is dependent only upon the intention of the obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百三十五条（期限の到来の効果） — (Effect of Arrival of Assigned Time)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-135 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-135 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-135
**第一項** 法律行為に始期を付したときは、その法律行為の履行は、期限が到来するまで、これを請求することができない。
art-135/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-135/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-135/par-1
If a time of commencement is assigned to a juridical act, the performance of that juridical act may not be demanded before the arrival of that assigned time.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 法律行為に終期を付したときは、その法律行為の効力は、期限が到来した時に消滅する。
art-135/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-135/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-135/par-2
If time of expiration is assigned to a juridical act, that juridical act expires upon the arrival of that assigned time.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百三十六条（期限の利益及びその放棄） — (Benefit of Time and Waiver of the Benefit)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-136 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-136 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-136
**第一項** 期限は、債務者の利益のために定めたものと推定する。
art-136/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-136/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-136/par-1
The time stipulation is presumed to be provided for the benefit of the obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 期限の利益は、放棄することができる。ただし、これによって相手方の利益を害することはできない。
art-136/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-136/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-136/par-2
The benefit of time stipulation may be waived; provided, however, that the waiver may not prejudice the interest of the counterparty.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百三十七条（期限の利益の喪失） — (Acceleration)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-137 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-137 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-137
**第一項** 次に掲げる場合には、債務者は、期限の利益を主張することができない。
art-137/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-137/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-137/par-1
The obligor may not assert the benefit of time stipulation if:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 債務者が破産手続開始の決定を受けたとき。
art-137/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-137/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-137/par-1/item-1
the obligor has become subject to the order commencing bankruptcy proceedings;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 債務者が担保を滅失させ、損傷させ、又は減少させたとき。
art-137/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-137/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-137/par-1/item-2
the obligor has lost, damaged, or diminished the security; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 債務者が担保を供する義務を負う場合において、これを供しないとき。
art-137/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-137/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-137/par-1/item-3
the obligor fails to provide security when it has the obligation to do so.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第六章 期間の計算 — Chapter VI Computation of Period of Time
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-1/ch-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-1/ch-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-1/ch-6
### 第百三十八条（期間の計算の通則） — (Common Rules on Computation of Period of Time)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-138 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-138 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-138
**第一項** 期間の計算方法は、法令若しくは裁判上の命令に特別の定めがある場合又は法律行為に別段の定めがある場合を除き、この章の規定に従う。
art-138/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-138/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-138/par-1
The method of computation of a period of time is governed by the provisions of this Chapter unless otherwise provided in the laws and regulations or a judicial order, or unless otherwise provided for by the relevant juridical act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百三十九条（期間の起算） — (Commencement of Period)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-139 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-139 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-139
**第一項** 時間によって期間を定めたときは、その期間は、即時から起算する。
art-139/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-139/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-139/par-1
When a period is provided for in hours, the period commences immediately at the specified time.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百四十条
art-140 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-140 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-140
**第一項** 日、週、月又は年によって期間を定めたときは、期間の初日は、算入しない。ただし、その期間が午前零時から始まるときは、この限りでない。
art-140/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-140/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-140/par-1
When a period is provided for in days, weeks, months, or years, the first day of the period is not included in the computation; provided, however, that this does not apply when the period commences at twelve midnight.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百四十一条（期間の満了） — (Expiration of Period)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-141 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-141 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-141
**第一項** 前条の場合には、期間は、その末日の終了をもって満了する。
art-141/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-141/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-141/par-1
In the case referred to in the preceding Article, the period expires at the end of the last day.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百四十二条
art-142 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-142 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-142
**第一項** 期間の末日が日曜日、国民の祝日に関する法律（昭和二十三年法律第百七十八号）に規定する休日その他の休日に当たるときは、その日に取引をしない慣習がある場合に限り、期間は、その翌日に満了する。
art-142/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-142/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-142/par-1
If the last day of a period falls on a Sunday, a holiday as provided in the Act on National Holidays (Act No. 178 of 1948), or any other holiday, only when it is customary not to do business on the relevant day, the period expires on the immediately following day.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百四十三条（暦による期間の計算） — (Computation of Period with Reference to Calendar)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-143 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-143 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-143
**第一項** 週、月又は年によって期間を定めたときは、その期間は、暦に従って計算する。
art-143/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-143/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-143/par-1
If a period is provided for in weeks, months, or years, the period is calculated in accordance to the calendar.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 週、月又は年の初めから期間を起算しないときは、その期間は、最後の週、月又は年においてその起算日に応当する日の前日に満了する。ただし、月又は年によって期間を定めた場合において、最後の月に応当する日がないときは、その月の末日に満了する。
art-143/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-143/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-143/par-2
If a period does not commence at the beginning of the week, month, or year, that period expires on the day immediately preceding the day which corresponds to the commencement day in the last week, month or year; provided, however, that if the period is provided for in months or years and the last month does not contain a corresponding day, the period expires on the last day of that month.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第七章 時効 — Chapter VII Prescription
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-1/ch-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-1/ch-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-1/ch-7
## 第一節 総則 — Section 1 General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-1/ch-7/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-1/ch-7/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-1/ch-7/sec-1
### 第百四十四条（時効の効力） — (Effect of Prescription)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-144 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-144 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-144
**第一項** 時効の効力は、その起算日にさかのぼる。
art-144/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-144/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-144/par-1
The prescription is retroactive to the commencement day.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百四十五条（時効の援用） — (Invocation of Prescription)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-145 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-145 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-145
**第一項** 時効は、当事者（消滅時効にあっては、保証人、物上保証人、第三取得者その他権利の消滅について正当な利益を有する者を含む。）が援用しなければ、裁判所がこれによって裁判をすることができない。
art-145/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-145/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-145/par-1
The court may not make a judicial decision relying on prescription unless a party (in the case of extinctive prescription, including a guarantor, third-party collateral provider, third party acquirer, or any other person with a legitimate interest in the extinction of a right) invokes it.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百四十六条（時効の利益の放棄） — (Waiver of Benefits of Prescription)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-146 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-146 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-146
**第一項** 時効の利益は、あらかじめ放棄することができない。
art-146/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-146/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-146/par-1
The benefits of the prescription may not be waived in advance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百四十七条（裁判上の請求等による時効の完成猶予及び更新） — (Postponement of Expiration of Prescription Period and Renewal of Period of Prescription on the Ground of Demand by Litigation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-147 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-147 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-147
**第一項** 次に掲げる事由がある場合には、その事由が終了する（確定判決又は確定判決と同一の効力を有するものによって権利が確定することなくその事由が終了した場合にあっては、その終了の時から六箇月を経過する）までの間は、時効は、完成しない。
art-147/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-147/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-147/par-1
If any of the following grounds exists, the period of prescription does not expire until the ground ceases to exist (if the ground ceases to exist while the right remains undetermined by a final and binding judgment or anything that has the same effect as a final and binding judgment, until six months have passed from the time of cessation):
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 裁判上の請求
art-147/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-147/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-147/par-1/item-1
demand by litigation;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 支払督促
art-147/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-147/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-147/par-1/item-2
demand for payment;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 民事訴訟法第二百七十五条第一項の和解又は民事調停法（昭和二十六年法律第二百二十二号）若しくは家事事件手続法（平成二十三年法律第五十二号）による調停
art-147/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-147/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-147/par-1/item-3
settlement referred to in Article 275, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure or conciliation under the Civil Conciliation Act (Act No. 222 of 1951) or the Domestic Relations Case Procedure Act (Act No. 52 of 2011); or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 破産手続参加、再生手続参加又は更生手続参加
art-147/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-147/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-147/par-1/item-4
participation in bankruptcy proceeding, rehabilitation proceeding or reorganization proceedings.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合において、確定判決又は確定判決と同一の効力を有するものによって権利が確定したときは、時効は、同項各号に掲げる事由が終了した時から新たにその進行を始める。
art-147/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-147/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-147/par-2
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if a right is determined by a final and binding judgment or anything that has the same effect as a final and binding judgment, a new period of prescription commences to run at the time when the grounds stated in the items of that paragraph cease to exist;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百四十八条（強制執行等による時効の完成猶予及び更新） — (Postponement of Expiration of Prescription Period and Renewal of Period of Prescription on the Ground of Enforcement)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-148 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-148 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-148
**第一項** 次に掲げる事由がある場合には、その事由が終了する（申立ての取下げ又は法律の規定に従わないことによる取消しによってその事由が終了した場合にあっては、その終了の時から六箇月を経過する）までの間は、時効は、完成しない。
art-148/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-148/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-148/par-1
If any of the following grounds exists, the prescription period does not expire until those grounds cease to exist (or until six months after those grounds cease to exist, if they cease to exist due to the withdrawal of a petition or the rescission of a petition for failure to comply with the provisions of the law):
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 強制執行
art-148/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-148/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-148/par-1/item-1
judicial enforcement;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 担保権の実行
art-148/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-148/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-148/par-1/item-2
enforcement of a security right;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 民事執行法（昭和五十四年法律第四号）第百九十五条に規定する担保権の実行としての競売の例による競売
art-148/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-148/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-148/par-1/item-3
auction under the rules of an auction for the enforcement of a security right prescribed in Article 195 of the Civil Enforcement Act (Act No. 4 of 1979); or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 民事執行法第百九十六条に規定する財産開示手続又は同法第二百四条に規定する第三者からの情報取得手続
art-148/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-148/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-148/par-1/item-4
asset disclosure procedures prescribed in Article 196 of the Civil Enforcement Act or procedures for acquiring information from a third party prescribed in Article 204 of that Act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合には、時効は、同項各号に掲げる事由が終了した時から新たにその進行を始める。ただし、申立ての取下げ又は法律の規定に従わないことによる取消しによってその事由が終了した場合は、この限りでない。
art-148/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-148/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-148/par-2
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, a new period of prescription commences to run at the time when the grounds stated in the items of that paragraph cease to exist; provided, however, that this does not apply if the grounds cease to exist due to the withdrawal of a petition or the revocation of a petition for the failure to comply with the provisions of the law.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百四十九条（仮差押え等による時効の完成猶予） — (Postponement of Expiration of Prescription Period on the Ground of Provisional Seizure)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-149 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-149 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-149
**第一項** 次に掲げる事由がある場合には、その事由が終了した時から六箇月を経過するまでの間は、時効は、完成しない。
art-149/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-149/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-149/par-1
If either of the following grounds exists, the prescription period does not expire until six months have passed from the time when the ground ceases to exist:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 仮差押え
art-149/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-149/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-149/par-1/item-1
provisional seizure; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 仮処分
art-149/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-149/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-149/par-1/item-2
provisional disposition.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百五十条（催告による時効の完成猶予） — (Postponement of Expiration of Prescription Period on the Ground of Demand)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-150 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-150 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-150
**第一項** 催告があったときは、その時から六箇月を経過するまでの間は、時効は、完成しない。
art-150/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-150/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-150/par-1
If a demand is made, the prescription period does not expire until six months have passed since the time of the demand.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 催告によって時効の完成が猶予されている間にされた再度の催告は、前項の規定による時効の完成猶予の効力を有しない。
art-150/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-150/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-150/par-2
A second demand made during the postponement of expiration of the prescription period granted on the ground of the first demand does not have the effect of postponement of expiration of prescription period under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百五十一条（協議を行う旨の合意による時効の完成猶予） — (Postponement of Expiration of Prescription Period through Agreement on Holding Discussion)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-151 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-151 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-151
**第一項** 権利についての協議を行う旨の合意が書面でされたときは、次に掲げる時のいずれか早い時までの間は、時効は、完成しない。
art-151/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-151/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-151/par-1
If an agreement on holding a discussion concerning a right is made in writing, the prescription period does not expire until the earliest of the following points in time:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** その合意があった時から一年を経過した時
art-151/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-151/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-151/par-1/item-1
when one year has passed from the time of the agreement;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** その合意において当事者が協議を行う期間（一年に満たないものに限る。）を定めたときは、その期間を経過した時
art-151/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-151/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-151/par-1/item-2
if the period during which the parties are to hold a discussion is specified by the agreement (limited to a period less than one year): when that period has expired; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 当事者の一方から相手方に対して協議の続行を拒絶する旨の通知が書面でされたときは、その通知の時から六箇月を経過した時
art-151/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-151/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-151/par-1/item-3
if one of the parties notifies the other party in writing of refusal to continue the discussion: when six months have passed from the time of the notice.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定により時効の完成が猶予されている間にされた再度の同項の合意は、同項の規定による時効の完成猶予の効力を有する。ただし、その効力は、時効の完成が猶予されなかったとすれば時効が完成すべき時から通じて五年を超えることができない。
art-151/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-151/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-151/par-2
If an agreement referred to in the preceding paragraph is made a second time during the postponement of expiration of the prescription period granted pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph, the second agreement has the effect of postponement of expiration of prescription period under the provisions of the preceding paragraph; provided, however, that the period of that effect may not exceed five years in total from the time when the prescription period should have expired had the postponement of expiration of the prescription period not been granted.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 催告によって時効の完成が猶予されている間にされた第一項の合意は、同項の規定による時効の完成猶予の効力を有しない。同項の規定により時効の完成が猶予されている間にされた催告についても、同様とする。
art-151/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-151/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-151/par-3
An agreement referred to in paragraph (1) which is made during the postponement of expiration of the prescription period granted on the ground of a demand does not have the effect of postponement of expiration of prescription period under the provisions of that paragraph. The same applies to a demand made during the postponement of expiration of the prescription period granted pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第一項の合意がその内容を記録した電磁的記録（電子的方式、磁気的方式その他人の知覚によっては認識することができない方式で作られる記録であって、電子計算機による情報処理の用に供されるものをいう。以下同じ。）によってされたときは、その合意は、書面によってされたものとみなして、前三項の規定を適用する。
art-151/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-151/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-151/par-4
If an agreement referred to in paragraph (1) is made by means of an electronic or magnetic record (meaning a record used in computerized information processing which is created in electronic form, magnetic form, or any other form that cannot be perceived by the human senses; the same applies below), the agreement is deemed to have been made in writing and the provisions of the preceding three paragraphs apply thereto.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 前項の規定は、第一項第三号の通知について準用する。
art-151/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-151/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-151/par-5
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to the notice referred to in paragraph (1), item (iii).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百五十二条（承認による時効の更新） — (Renewal of Period of Prescription on the Ground of Acknowledgment)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-152 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-152 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-152
**第一項** 時効は、権利の承認があったときは、その時から新たにその進行を始める。
art-152/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-152/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-152/par-1
If a right is acknowledged, a new period of prescription commences to run at the time of the acknowledgment.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の承認をするには、相手方の権利についての処分につき行為能力の制限を受けていないこと又は権限があることを要しない。
art-152/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-152/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-152/par-2
With respect to the disposition of the right of the other party, an acknowledgment referred to in the preceding paragraph does not require unlimited capacity to act or authority.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百五十三条（時効の完成猶予又は更新の効力が及ぶ者の範囲） — (Scope of Persons Affected by Postponement of Expiration of Prescription Period or Renewal of Prescription Period)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-153 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-153 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-153
**第一項** 第百四十七条又は第百四十八条の規定による時効の完成猶予又は更新は、完成猶予又は更新の事由が生じた当事者及びその承継人の間においてのみ、その効力を有する。
art-153/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-153/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-153/par-1
The postponement of the expiry of prescription period or the renewal of prescription period under the provisions of Article 147 or Article 148 is effective only between the parties with respect to whom grounds to postpone the expiry of prescription period or to renew prescription period have arisen and their successors.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第百四十九条から第百五十一条までの規定による時効の完成猶予は、完成猶予の事由が生じた当事者及びその承継人の間においてのみ、その効力を有する。
art-153/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-153/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-153/par-2
The postponement of expiration of prescription period under the provisions of Articles 149 through 151 is effective only between the parties with respect to whom grounds to postpone the expiry of prescription period have arisen and their successors.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前条の規定による時効の更新は、更新の事由が生じた当事者及びその承継人の間においてのみ、その効力を有する。
art-153/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-153/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-153/par-3
The renewal of period of prescription under the provisions of the preceding Article is effective only between the parties with respect to whom grounds to renew prescription period have arisen and their successors.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百五十四条
art-154 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-154 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-154
**第一項** 第百四十八条第一項各号又は第百四十九条各号に掲げる事由に係る手続は、時効の利益を受ける者に対してしないときは、その者に通知をした後でなければ、第百四十八条又は第百四十九条の規定による時効の完成猶予又は更新の効力を生じない。
art-154/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-154/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-154/par-1
If the procedure regarding any of the grounds stated in the items of Article 148, paragraph (1) or the items of Article 149 is not carried out in relation to a person that is to receive the benefit of prescription, it does not have an effect of postponement of expiration of prescription period or renewal of prescription period under the provisions of Article 148 or Article 149 unless the person is notified of it.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百五十五条から第百五十七条まで 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-155-to-157 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-155-to-157 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-155-to-157
**第一項** 削除
art-155-to-157/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-155-to-157/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-155-to-157/par-1
no English for this paragraph
### 第百五十八条（未成年者又は成年被後見人と時効の完成猶予） — (Minor or Adult Ward and Postponement of Expiration of Prescription Period)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-158 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-158 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-158
**第一項** 時効の期間の満了前六箇月以内の間に未成年者又は成年被後見人に法定代理人がないときは、その未成年者若しくは成年被後見人が行為能力者となった時又は法定代理人が就職した時から六箇月を経過するまでの間は、その未成年者又は成年被後見人に対して、時効は、完成しない。
art-158/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-158/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-158/par-1
If a minor or an adult ward has no legal representative during the period of six months preceding the expiration of the period of prescription, the prescription period does not expire with respect to that minor or adult ward until six months pass from the time when that minor or adult ward becomes a person with a capacity to act, or a legal representative assumes the position.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 未成年者又は成年被後見人がその財産を管理する父、母又は後見人に対して権利を有するときは、その未成年者若しくは成年被後見人が行為能力者となった時又は後任の法定代理人が就職した時から六箇月を経過するまでの間は、その権利について、時効は、完成しない。
art-158/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-158/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-158/par-2
If a minor or an adult ward has a right vis-a-vis the minor's or the adult ward's father, mother, or guardian who manages the property, the prescription period does not expire with respect to that right until six months have passed from the time when that minor or adult ward becomes a person with capacity to act, or a succeeding legal representative assumes the position.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百五十九条（夫婦間の権利の時効の完成猶予） — (Postponement of Expiration of Prescription Period of Rights Between Husband and Wife)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-159 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-159 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-159
**第一項** 夫婦の一方が他の一方に対して有する権利については、婚姻の解消の時から六箇月を経過するまでの間は、時効は、完成しない。
art-159/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-159/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-159/par-1
With respect to rights which the husband or wife has vis-a-vis the other spouse, the prescription period does not expire until six months have passed from the time of the dissolution of their marriage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百六十条（相続財産に関する時効の完成猶予） — (Postponement of Expiration of Prescription Period Regarding Estate)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-160 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-160 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-160
**第一項** 相続財産に関しては、相続人が確定した時、管理人が選任された時又は破産手続開始の決定があった時から六箇月を経過するまでの間は、時効は、完成しない。
art-160/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-160/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-160/par-1
With respect to an estate, the prescription period does not expire until six months have passed from the time when the heir is identified, the administrator is appointed, or commencement of bankruptcy proceeding is ordered.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百六十一条（天災等による時効の完成猶予） — (Postponement of Expiration of Prescription Period Due to Natural Disaster)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-161 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-161 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-161
**第一項** 時効の期間の満了の時に当たり、天災その他避けることのできない事変のため第百四十七条第一項各号又は第百四十八条第一項各号に掲げる事由に係る手続を行うことができないときは、その障害が消滅した時から三箇月を経過するまでの間は、時効は、完成しない。
art-161/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-161/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-161/par-1
If it is impossible to carry out the procedure regarding any of the grounds stated in the items of Article 147, paragraph (1) or the items of Article 148, paragraph (1) upon the expiration of the period of prescription due to a natural disaster or other unavoidable serious event, the prescription period does not expire until three months have passed from the time when that impediment ceases to exist.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二節 取得時効 — Section 2 Acquisitive Prescription
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-1/ch-7/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-1/ch-7/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-1/ch-7/sec-2
### 第百六十二条（所有権の取得時効） — (Acquisitive Prescription of Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-162 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-162 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-162
**第一項** 二十年間、所有の意思をもって、平穏に、かつ、公然と他人の物を占有した者は、その所有権を取得する。
art-162/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-162/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-162/par-1
A person that possesses the property of another for 20 years peacefully and openly with the intention to own it acquires its ownership.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 十年間、所有の意思をもって、平穏に、かつ、公然と他人の物を占有した者は、その占有の開始の時に、善意であり、かつ、過失がなかったときは、その所有権を取得する。
art-162/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-162/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-162/par-2
A person that possesses the property of another for 10 years peacefully and openly with an intention to own it acquires its ownership, if the person was acting in good faith and was not negligent at the time when the possession started.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百六十三条（所有権以外の財産権の取得時効） — (Acquisitive Prescription of Property Rights Other Than Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-163 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-163 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-163
**第一項** 所有権以外の財産権を、自己のためにする意思をもって、平穏に、かつ、公然と行使する者は、前条の区別に従い二十年又は十年を経過した後、その権利を取得する。
art-163/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-163/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-163/par-1
A person that exercises a property right other than ownership peacefully and openly with the intention to do so on the person's own behalf acquires that right after the passage of 20 years or 10 years, according to the distinction provided for in the preceding Article.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百六十四条（占有の中止等による取得時効の中断） — (Renewal of Acquisitive Prescription Due to Discontinuation of Possession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-164 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-164 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-164
**第一項** 第百六十二条の規定による時効は、占有者が任意にその占有を中止し、又は他人によってその占有を奪われたときは、中断する。
art-164/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-164/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-164/par-1
The prescription under the provisions of Article 162 is renewed if the possessor discontinues the possession voluntarily or is deprived of that possession by another person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百六十五条
art-165 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-165 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-165
**第一項** 前条の規定は、第百六十三条の場合について準用する。
art-165/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-165/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-165/par-1
The provisions of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the case under Article 163.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三節 消滅時効 — Section 3 Extinctive Prescription
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-1/ch-7/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-1/ch-7/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-1/ch-7/sec-3
### 第百六十六条（債権等の消滅時効） — (Extinctive Prescription of Claims)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-166 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-166 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-166
**第一項** 債権は、次に掲げる場合には、時効によって消滅する。
art-166/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-166/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-166/par-1
A claim is extinguished by prescription in the following cases:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 債権者が権利を行使することができることを知った時から五年間行使しないとき。
art-166/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-166/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-166/par-1/item-1
if the obligee does not exercise the right within five years from the time when the obligee came to know that it was exercisable; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 権利を行使することができる時から十年間行使しないとき。
art-166/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-166/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-166/par-1/item-2
if the obligee does not exercise the right within 10 years from the time when it became exercisable.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債権又は所有権以外の財産権は、権利を行使することができる時から二十年間行使しないときは、時効によって消滅する。
art-166/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-166/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-166/par-2
A claim or property right other than ownership is extinguished by prescription if not exercised within 20 years from the time when the right became exercisable.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定は、始期付権利又は停止条件付権利の目的物を占有する第三者のために、その占有の開始の時から取得時効が進行することを妨げない。ただし、権利者は、その時効を更新するため、いつでも占有者の承認を求めることができる。
art-166/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-166/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-166/par-3
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not preclude the commencement of acquisitive prescription for the benefit of a third party that possesses the subject matter of a right with a time of commencement or a right subject to a condition precedent, at the time of commencing the possession; provided, however, that the holder of the right may demand acknowledgment from the possessor at any time to renew the prescription period.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百六十七条（人の生命又は身体の侵害による損害賠償請求権の消滅時効） — (Extinctive Prescription of Claim for Damages Resulting from Death or Injury to Person)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-167 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-167 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-167
**第一項** 人の生命又は身体の侵害による損害賠償請求権の消滅時効についての前条第一項第二号の規定の適用については、同号中「十年間」とあるのは、「二十年間」とする。
art-167/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-167/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-167/par-1
To apply the provisions of paragraph (1), item (ii) of the preceding Article to the extinctive prescription of a claim for damages arising from the death or injury to persons, the phrase "10 years" in that item is deemed to be replaced with "20 years".
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百六十八条（定期金債権の消滅時効） — (Extinctive Prescription of Claims for Periodic Payments)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-168 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-168 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-168
**第一項** 定期金の債権は、次に掲げる場合には、時効によって消滅する。
art-168/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-168/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-168/par-1
A claim for periodic payments is extinguished by prescription in the following cases:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 債権者が定期金の債権から生ずる金銭その他の物の給付を目的とする各債権を行使することができることを知った時から十年間行使しないとき。
art-168/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-168/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-168/par-1/item-1
if the obligee does not exercise each claim for the delivery of things such as money arising from the claim for periodic payments within 10 years from the time when the obligee comes to know that each claim is exercisable; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 前号に規定する各債権を行使することができる時から二十年間行使しないとき。
art-168/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-168/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-168/par-1/item-2
if the obligee does not exercise each claim prescribed in the preceding item within 20 years from the time when it becomes exercisable.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 定期金の債権者は、時効の更新の証拠を得るため、いつでも、その債務者に対して承認書の交付を求めることができる。
art-168/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-168/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-168/par-2
The obligee of periodic payments may require its obligor at any time to issue a written acknowledgment in order to acquire the evidence of the renewal of period of prescription.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百六十九条（判決で確定した権利の消滅時効） — (Extinctive Prescription of Right Determined by Judgment)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-169 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-169 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-169
**第一項** 確定判決又は確定判決と同一の効力を有するものによって確定した権利については、十年より短い時効期間の定めがあるものであっても、その時効期間は、十年とする。
art-169/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-169/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-169/par-1
The period of prescription of a right determined by a final and binding judgment or anything that has the same effect as a final and binding judgment is 10 years even if a period of prescription shorter than 10 years is provided for.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、確定の時に弁済期の到来していない債権については、適用しない。
art-169/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-169/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-169/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply to a claim which is not yet due and payable at the time when it is determined.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百七十条から第百七十四条まで 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-170-to-174 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-170-to-174 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-170-to-174
**第一項** 削除
art-170-to-174/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-170-to-174/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-170-to-174/par-1
no English for this paragraph
## 第二編 物権 — Part II Real Rights
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2
## 第一章 総則 — Chapter I General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-1
### 第百七十五条（物権の創設） — (Establishment of Real Rights)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-175 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-175 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-175
**第一項** 物権は、この法律その他の法律に定めるもののほか、創設することができない。
art-175/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-175/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-175/par-1
No real right may be established other than those prescribed by laws including this Code.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百七十六条（物権の設定及び移転） — (Creation and Transfer of Real Rights)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-176 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-176 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-176
**第一項** 物権の設定及び移転は、当事者の意思表示のみによって、その効力を生ずる。
art-176/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-176/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-176/par-1
The creation and transfer of a real right becomes effective solely by the manifestations of intention of the parties.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百七十七条（不動産に関する物権の変動の対抗要件） — (Requirements of Perfection of Changes in Real Rights on Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-177 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-177 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-177
**第一項** 不動産に関する物権の得喪及び変更は、不動産登記法（平成十六年法律第百二十三号）その他の登記に関する法律の定めるところに従いその登記をしなければ、第三者に対抗することができない。
art-177/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-177/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-177/par-1
Acquisitions of, losses of and changes in real rights on immovables may not be duly asserted against any third parties, unless the same are registered pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Real Property Registration Act (Act No. 123 of 2004) and other laws regarding registration.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百七十八条（動産に関する物権の譲渡の対抗要件） — (Requirements of Perfection of Transfer of Real Rights Concerning Movables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-178 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-178 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-178
**第一項** 動産に関する物権の譲渡は、その動産の引渡しがなければ、第三者に対抗することができない。
art-178/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-178/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-178/par-1
The transfer of a real right on movables may not be duly asserted against a third party, unless the movables are delivered.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百七十九条（混同） — (Merger of Rights)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-179 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-179 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-179
**第一項** 同一物について所有権及び他の物権が同一人に帰属したときは、当該他の物権は、消滅する。ただし、その物又は当該他の物権が第三者の権利の目的であるときは、この限りでない。
art-179/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-179/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-179/par-1
If ownership and another real right on the same thing are acquired by the same person, the other real right is extinguished; provided, however, that this does not apply if that thing or the other real right is the object of the right of a third party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 所有権以外の物権及びこれを目的とする他の権利が同一人に帰属したときは、当該他の権利は、消滅する。この場合においては、前項ただし書の規定を準用する。
art-179/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-179/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-179/par-2
If a real right other than ownership and another right for which that real right is the object are acquired by the same person, the other right is extinguished. In this case, the provisions of the proviso to the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定は、占有権については、適用しない。
art-179/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-179/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-179/par-3
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply to possessory rights.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二章 占有権 — Chapter II Possessory Rights
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-2
## 第一節 占有権の取得 — Section 1 Acquisition of Possessory Rights
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-2/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-2/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-2/sec-1
### 第百八十条（占有権の取得） — (Acquisition of Possessory Rights)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-180 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-180 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-180
**第一項** 占有権は、自己のためにする意思をもって物を所持することによって取得する。
art-180/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-180/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-180/par-1
Possessory rights are acquired by possessing a thing with the intention to do so on one's own behalf.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十一条（代理占有） — (Possession through Agents)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-181 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-181 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-181
**第一項** 占有権は、代理人によって取得することができる。
art-181/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-181/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-181/par-1
Possessory rights may be acquired through an agent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十二条（現実の引渡し及び簡易の引渡し） — (Actual Delivery and Summary Delivery)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-182 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-182 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-182
**第一項** 占有権の譲渡は、占有物の引渡しによってする。
art-182/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-182/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-182/par-1
The transfer of possessory rights is effected by the delivery of the thing possessed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 譲受人又はその代理人が現に占有物を所持する場合には、占有権の譲渡は、当事者の意思表示のみによってすることができる。
art-182/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-182/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-182/par-2
If a transferee or the agent of a transferee is actually holding the thing possessed, the transfer of possessory rights may be effected by the parties' manifestations of intention alone.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十三条（占有改定） — (Constructive Transfer with Retention of Possession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-183 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-183 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-183
**第一項** 代理人が自己の占有物を以後本人のために占有する意思を表示したときは、本人は、これによって占有権を取得する。
art-183/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-183/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-183/par-1
If an agent manifests the intention to thenceforward possess a thing possessed by the agent on behalf of the principal, the principal thereby acquires the possessory rights.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十四条（指図による占有移転） — (Transfer of Possession by Instruction)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-184 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-184 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-184
**第一項** 代理人によって占有をする場合において、本人がその代理人に対して以後第三者のためにその物を占有することを命じ、その第三者がこれを承諾したときは、その第三者は、占有権を取得する。
art-184/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-184/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-184/par-1
If a thing is possessed through an agent, the principal orders that agent to thenceforward possess that thing on behalf of a third party, and that third party consents thereto, the third party acquires the possessory rights.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十五条（占有の性質の変更） — (Change in Nature of Possession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-185 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-185 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-185
**第一項** 権原の性質上占有者に所有の意思がないものとされる場合には、その占有者が、自己に占有をさせた者に対して所有の意思があることを表示し、又は新たな権原により更に所有の意思をもって占有を始めるのでなければ、占有の性質は、変わらない。
art-185/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-185/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-185/par-1
If it is assumed, due to the nature of the title, that a possessor does not have the intention to own, the nature of the possessor's possession does not change unless that possessor manifests the intention to own to the person that put the thing under that person's possession, or commences possession under a new title with an intention to own from that time.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十六条（占有の態様等に関する推定） — (Presumption Regarding Nature of Possession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-186 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-186 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-186
**第一項** 占有者は、所有の意思をもって、善意で、平穏に、かつ、公然と占有をするものと推定する。
art-186/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-186/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-186/par-1
A possessor is presumed to possess a thing with the intention to own, in good faith peacefully and openly.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前後の両時点において占有をした証拠があるときは、占有は、その間継続したものと推定する。
art-186/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-186/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-186/par-2
If there is evidence of possession at two different points in time, it is presumed that possession continued during that interval.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十七条（占有の承継） — (Succession to Possession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-187 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-187 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-187
**第一項** 占有者の承継人は、その選択に従い、自己の占有のみを主張し、又は自己の占有に前の占有者の占有を併せて主張することができる。
art-187/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-187/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-187/par-1
A successor to a possessor may, as the successor chooses, assert either the successor's own possession only, or the successor's own possession together with that of the predecessor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前の占有者の占有を併せて主張する場合には、その瑕疵をも承継する。
art-187/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-187/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-187/par-2
If a person asserts the possession of the predecessor together with the person's own, that person also succeeds to defects in those.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二節 占有権の効力 — Section 2 Effect of Possessory Rights
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-2/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-2/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-2/sec-2
### 第百八十八条（占有物について行使する権利の適法の推定） — (Presumption of Lawfulness of Rights Exercised with Respect to a Thing Possessed)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-188 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-188 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-188
**第一項** 占有者が占有物について行使する権利は、適法に有するものと推定する。
art-188/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-188/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-188/par-1
The possessor is presumed to lawfully have the rights that a possessor exercises with respect to the thing possessed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十九条（善意の占有者による果実の取得等） — (Acquisition of Fruits by Possessor in Good Faith)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-189 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-189 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-189
**第一項** 善意の占有者は、占有物から生ずる果実を取得する。
art-189/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-189/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-189/par-1
A possessor in good faith acquires fruits derived from the thing possessed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 善意の占有者が本権の訴えにおいて敗訴したときは、その訴えの提起の時から悪意の占有者とみなす。
art-189/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-189/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-189/par-2
If a possessor in good faith is defeated in an action on the title that legally supports the possession, that possessor is deemed to be a possessor in bad faith as from the time when the action is filed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十条（悪意の占有者による果実の返還等） — (Return of Fruits by Possessors in Bad Faith)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-190 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-190 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-190
**第一項** 悪意の占有者は、果実を返還し、かつ、既に消費し、過失によって損傷し、又は収取を怠った果実の代価を償還する義務を負う。
art-190/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-190/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-190/par-1
A possessor in bad faith has the obligation to return fruits, and reimburse the price of fruits that the possessor has already consumed, damaged due to negligence, or failed to collect.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、暴行若しくは強迫又は隠匿によって占有をしている者について準用する。
art-190/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-190/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-190/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to a person who takes possession of a thing through assault or duress or through concealment.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十一条（占有者による損害賠償） — (Damages by Possessors)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-191 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-191 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-191
**第一項** 占有物が占有者の責めに帰すべき事由によって滅失し、又は損傷したときは、その回復者に対し、悪意の占有者はその損害の全部の賠償をする義務を負い、善意の占有者はその滅失又は損傷によって現に利益を受けている限度において賠償をする義務を負う。ただし、所有の意思のない占有者は、善意であるときであっても、全部の賠償をしなければならない。
art-191/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-191/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-191/par-1
If a thing under one's possession has been lost or damaged due to grounds attributable to the possessor, a possessor in bad faith is liable to compensate the person recovering the thing for the entire damage, and a possessor in good faith is liable to compensate that person for the damage to the extent currently enriched as a result of that damage; provided, however, that a possessor that is without the intention to own the thing must compensate the person for the entire damage, even if the possessor has acted in good faith.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十二条（即時取得） — (Good Faith Acquisition)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-192 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-192 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-192
**第一項** 取引行為によって、平穏に、かつ、公然と動産の占有を始めた者は、善意であり、かつ、過失がないときは、即時にその動産について行使する権利を取得する。
art-192/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-192/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-192/par-1
A person that commences the possession of movables peacefully and openly by a transactional act acquires the rights that are exercised with respect to the movables immediately if the person possesses it in good faith and without negligence.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十三条（盗品又は遺失物の回復） — (Recovery of Stolen or Lost Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-193 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-193 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-193
**第一項** 前条の場合において、占有物が盗品又は遺失物であるときは、被害者又は遺失者は、盗難又は遺失の時から二年間、占有者に対してその物の回復を請求することができる。
art-193/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-193/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-193/par-1
In the cases provided for in the preceding Article, if the thing under one's possession constitutes stolen or lost property, the victim or the person that lost the thing may demand the return of that thing from the possessor within two years from the time of the loss or theft.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十四条
art-194 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-194 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-194
**第一項** 占有者が、盗品又は遺失物を、競売若しくは公の市場において、又はその物と同種の物を販売する商人から、善意で買い受けたときは、被害者又は遺失者は、占有者が支払った代価を弁償しなければ、その物を回復することができない。
art-194/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-194/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-194/par-1
If a possessor has purchased stolen or lost property in good faith at an auction, in a public market, or from a merchant that sells similar things, the victim or the person that lost the thing may not recover the thing without reimbursing the possessor for the price paid.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十五条（動物の占有による権利の取得） — (Acquisition of Rights through Possession of Animals)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-195 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-195 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-195
**第一項** 家畜以外の動物で他人が飼育していたものを占有する者は、その占有の開始の時に善意であり、かつ、その動物が飼主の占有を離れた時から一箇月以内に飼主から回復の請求を受けなかったときは、その動物について行使する権利を取得する。
art-195/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-195/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-195/par-1
A person possessing a non-domestic animal bred by another person acquires the rights to exercise with respect to that animal if the person possessing it was acting in good faith at the beginning of the possession and the owner of the animal does not demand its return from that person within one month from the time when that animal left the possession of its owner.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十六条（占有者による費用の償還請求） — (Possessors' Claims for Reimbursement of Expenses)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-196 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-196 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-196
**第一項** 占有者が占有物を返還する場合には、その物の保存のために支出した金額その他の必要費を回復者から償還させることができる。ただし、占有者が果実を取得したときは、通常の必要費は、占有者の負担に帰する。
art-196/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-196/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-196/par-1
If a possessor returns a thing possessed by them, the possessor may have the person recovering the thing reimburse the possessor for the costs the possessor has paid for its preservation and other necessary expenses; provided, however, that if the possessor has acquired fruits, ordinary and necessary expenses are borne by the possessor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 占有者が占有物の改良のために支出した金額その他の有益費については、その価格の増加が現存する場合に限り、回復者の選択に従い、その支出した金額又は増価額を償還させることができる。ただし、悪意の占有者に対しては、裁判所は、回復者の請求により、その償還について相当の期限を許与することができる。
art-196/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-196/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-196/par-2
With respect to the costs paid for by a possessor to improve the thing under their possession and other beneficial expenses, the possessor may have the person recovering the thing reimburse the possessor for either the costs the possessor has paid or the amount of the increased value, whichever the person recovering the thing chooses, but only if there is a current increase in value; provided, however, that with regard to a possessor in bad faith, the court may, at the request of the person recovering the thing, grant a reasonable period of time for the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十七条（占有の訴え） — (Possessory Actions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-197 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-197 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-197
**第一項** 占有者は、次条から第二百二条までの規定に従い、占有の訴えを提起することができる。他人のために占有をする者も、同様とする。
art-197/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-197/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-197/par-1
A possessor may file a possessory action in accordance with the provisions of the following Article through Article 202. The same applies to a person that takes possession on behalf of another person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十八条（占有保持の訴え） — (Actions for Maintenance of Possession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-198 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-198 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-198
**第一項** 占有者がその占有を妨害されたときは、占有保持の訴えにより、その妨害の停止及び損害の賠償を請求することができる。
art-198/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-198/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-198/par-1
If a possessor is obstructed from possession, the possessor may claim for the discontinuation of the obstruction and compensation by filing an action for maintenance of possession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十九条（占有保全の訴え） — (Actions for Preservation of Possession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-199 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-199 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-199
**第一項** 占有者がその占有を妨害されるおそれがあるときは、占有保全の訴えにより、その妨害の予防又は損害賠償の担保を請求することができる。
art-199/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-199/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-199/par-1
If a possessor is likely to be obstructed from possession, the possessor may demand either the prevention of the obstruction or for the submission of security for the damages by filing an action for preservation of possession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百条（占有回収の訴え） — (Actions for Recovery of Possession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-200 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-200 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-200
**第一項** 占有者がその占有を奪われたときは、占有回収の訴えにより、その物の返還及び損害の賠償を請求することができる。
art-200/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-200/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-200/par-1
If a possessor is forcibly dispossessed, the possessor may demand the restitution of the thing and claim compensation by filing an action for recovery of possession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 占有回収の訴えは、占有を侵奪した者の特定承継人に対して提起することができない。ただし、その承継人が侵奪の事実を知っていたときは、この限りでない。
art-200/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-200/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-200/par-2
An action for recovery of possession may not be filed against a specific successor of a person that forcibly takes possession; provided, however, that this does not apply if that successor had knowledge of the fact that the person has unlawfully taken the possession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百一条（占有の訴えの提起期間） — (Periods of Time for Filing Possessory Actions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-201 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-201 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-201
**第一項** 占有保持の訴えは、妨害の存する間又はその消滅した後一年以内に提起しなければならない。ただし、工事により占有物に損害を生じた場合において、その工事に着手した時から一年を経過し、又はその工事が完成したときは、これを提起することができない。
art-201/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-201/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-201/par-1
An action for maintenance of possession must be filed during the obstruction or within one year after the obstruction stops; provided, however, that if the thing under one's possession has been damaged due to construction work and either one year has passed from the time when the construction was started or the construction has been completed, the action may not be filed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 占有保全の訴えは、妨害の危険の存する間は、提起することができる。この場合において、工事により占有物に損害を生ずるおそれがあるときは、前項ただし書の規定を準用する。
art-201/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-201/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-201/par-2
An action for preservation of possession may be filed so long as the danger of obstruction exists. In this case, the provisions of the proviso to the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if the thing under one's possession is likely to be damaged by the construction work.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 占有回収の訴えは、占有を奪われた時から一年以内に提起しなければならない。
art-201/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-201/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-201/par-3
An action for recovery of possession must be filed within one year from the time when a possessor was forcibly dispossessed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二条（本権の訴えとの関係） — (Relationship with Actions on Title)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-202 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-202 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-202
**第一項** 占有の訴えは本権の訴えを妨げず、また、本権の訴えは占有の訴えを妨げない。
art-202/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-202/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-202/par-1
A possessory action does not preclude an action on title that legally supports the possession, and an action on title does not preclude a possessory action.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 占有の訴えについては、本権に関する理由に基づいて裁判をすることができない。
art-202/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-202/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-202/par-2
With respect to possessory actions, no judicial decision may be made on grounds relating to title that legally supports the possession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三節 占有権の消滅 — Section 3 Extinction of Possessory Rights
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-2/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-2/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-2/sec-3
### 第二百三条（占有権の消滅事由） — (Grounds for Extinction of Possessory Rights)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-203 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-203 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-203
**第一項** 占有権は、占有者が占有の意思を放棄し、又は占有物の所持を失うことによって消滅する。ただし、占有者が占有回収の訴えを提起したときは、この限りでない。
art-203/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-203/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-203/par-1
Possessory rights are extinguished when the possessor renounces the intention to possess, or loses possession of the thing possessed by them; provided, however, that this does not apply if the possessor files an action for recovery of possession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四条（代理占有権の消滅事由） — (Grounds for Extinction of Agent's Possessory Rights)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-204 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-204 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-204
**第一項** 代理人によって占有をする場合には、占有権は、次に掲げる事由によって消滅する。
art-204/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-204/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-204/par-1
If a person possesses a thing through an agent, possessory rights are extinguished on the grounds stated below:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 本人が代理人に占有をさせる意思を放棄したこと。
art-204/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-204/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-204/par-1/item-1
renunciation by the principal of intention to have agent possess;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 代理人が本人に対して以後自己又は第三者のために占有物を所持する意思を表示したこと。
art-204/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-204/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-204/par-1/item-2
manifestation of intention to the principal of an agent to hold the thing possessed on behalf of the agent itself or a third party; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 代理人が占有物の所持を失ったこと。
art-204/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-204/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-204/par-1/item-3
the agent has lost direct control over the thing possessed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 占有権は、代理権の消滅のみによっては、消滅しない。
art-204/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-204/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-204/par-2
Possessory rights are not extinguished solely as a result of the extinction of the authority to represent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四節 準占有 — Section 4 De Facto Possession
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-2/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-2/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-2/sec-4
### 第二百五条
art-205 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-205 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-205
**第一項** この章の規定は、自己のためにする意思をもって財産権の行使をする場合について準用する。
art-205/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-205/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-205/par-1
The provisions of this Chapter apply mutatis mutandis if a person exercises their property rights with the intention to do so on their own behalf.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三章 所有権 — Chapter III Ownership
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-3
## 第一節 所有権の限界 — Section 1 Extent of Ownership
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-3/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-3/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-3/sec-1
## 第一款 所有権の内容及び範囲 — Subsection 1 Content and Scope of Ownership
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-3/sec-1/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-3/sec-1/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-3/sec-1/subsec-1
### 第二百六条（所有権の内容） — (Content of Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-206 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-206 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-206
**第一項** 所有者は、法令の制限内において、自由にその所有物の使用、収益及び処分をする権利を有する。
art-206/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-206/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-206/par-1
An owner has the rights to freely use, profit from and dispose of the thing owned, within the limits of laws and regulations.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百七条（土地所有権の範囲） — (Scope of Ownership in Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-207 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-207 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-207
**第一項** 土地の所有権は、法令の制限内において、その土地の上下に及ぶ。
art-207/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-207/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-207/par-1
Ownership in land extends to above and below the surface of the land, within the limits of laws and regulations.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百八条 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-208 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-208 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-208
**第一項** 削除
art-208/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-208/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-208/par-1
Deleted
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二款 相隣関係 — Subsection 2 Neighboring Relationships
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-3/sec-1/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-3/sec-1/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-3/sec-1/subsec-2
### 第二百九条（隣地の使用） — (Use of Neighboring Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-209 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-209 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-209
**第一項** 土地の所有者は、次に掲げる目的のため必要な範囲内で、隣地を使用することができる。ただし、住家については、その居住者の承諾がなければ、立ち入ることはできない。
art-209/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-209/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-209/par-1
An owner of land may use the neighboring land to the extent necessary for the following purposes; provided, however, that the owner may not enter the dwelling house of the resident without the approval of the resident:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 境界又はその付近における障壁、建物その他の工作物の築造、収去又は修繕
art-209/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-209/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-209/par-1/item-1
construction, removal or repair of barriers, buildings or other structures at or near the boundary;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 境界標の調査又は境界に関する測量
art-209/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-209/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-209/par-1/item-2
investigation of boundary markers or surveying concerning boundaries; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 第二百三十三条第三項の規定による枝の切取り
art-209/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-209/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-209/par-1/item-3
cutting of branches pursuant to the provisions of Article 233, paragraph (3).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合には、使用の日時、場所及び方法は、隣地の所有者及び隣地を現に使用している者（以下この条において「隣地使用者」という。）のために損害が最も少ないものを選ばなければならない。
art-209/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-209/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-209/par-2
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the date and time, place, and method of use is to be chosen which causes the least damage to the owner of the neighboring land and to the person who is actually using the neighboring land (referred to as "user of the neighboring land" in this Article below).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の規定により隣地を使用する者は、あらかじめ、その目的、日時、場所及び方法を隣地の所有者及び隣地使用者に通知しなければならない。ただし、あらかじめ通知することが困難なときは、使用を開始した後、遅滞なく、通知することをもって足りる。
art-209/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-209/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-209/par-3
A person who uses the neighboring land pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) must notify the owner and user of the neighboring land in advance of the purpose, date and time, place, and method of the use; provided, however, that if it is difficult to give notice in advance, it is sufficient to give notice without delay after starting the use.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第一項の場合において、隣地の所有者又は隣地使用者が損害を受けたときは、その償金を請求することができる。
art-209/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-209/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-209/par-4
In the case referred to in paragraph (1), if the owner or user of the neighboring land suffers damages, they may claim compensation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十条（公道に至るための他の土地の通行権） — (Right-of-Way over Other Land for Access to Public Roads)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-210 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-210 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-210
**第一項** 他の土地に囲まれて公道に通じない土地の所有者は、公道に至るため、その土地を囲んでいる他の土地を通行することができる。
art-210/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-210/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-210/par-1
An owner of land that is surrounded by other land and has no access to a public road may pass through the other land that surrounds that owner's land to reach a public road.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 池沼、河川、水路若しくは海を通らなければ公道に至ることができないとき、又は崖があって土地と公道とに著しい高低差があるときも、前項と同様とする。
art-210/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-210/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-210/par-2
The preceding paragraph also applies if an owner cannot reach a public road without passing over a pond, lake, river, waterway, or sea, or if there is an extreme difference in height between the land and the public road on account of a cliff.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十一条
art-211 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-211 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-211
**第一項** 前条の場合には、通行の場所及び方法は、同条の規定による通行権を有する者のために必要であり、かつ、他の土地のために損害が最も少ないものを選ばなければならない。
art-211/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-211/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-211/par-1
In the cases referred to in the preceding Article, the location and method of passage must be chosen so as to meet the needs of the person that is entitled to the right-of-way under the provisions of that Article and cause the least damage to the other land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前条の規定による通行権を有する者は、必要があるときは、通路を開設することができる。
art-211/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-211/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-211/par-2
A person that holds the right-of-way under the provisions of the preceding Article may construct a road if necessary.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十二条
art-212 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-212 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-212
**第一項** 第二百十条の規定による通行権を有する者は、その通行する他の土地の損害に対して償金を支払わなければならない。ただし、通路の開設のために生じた損害に対するものを除き、一年ごとにその償金を支払うことができる。
art-212/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-212/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-212/par-1
A person that is entitled to the right-of-way under the provisions of Article 210 must pay compensation for damage caused to the other land that the same person passes through; provided, however, that except for damage arising from the construction of a road, compensation may be paid on an annual basis.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十三条
art-213 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213
**第一項** 分割によって公道に通じない土地が生じたときは、その土地の所有者は、公道に至るため、他の分割者の所有地のみを通行することができる。この場合においては、償金を支払うことを要しない。
art-213/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213/par-1
If the partition of land creates a parcel of land that has no access to public roads, the owner of that parcel of land may pass to the public roads only through the lands owned by another person that participated in the partition. In this case, it is necessary to pay compensation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、土地の所有者がその土地の一部を譲り渡した場合について準用する。
art-213/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if the owner of land transfers part of the land to another person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十三条の二（継続的給付を受けるための設備の設置権等） — (Right to Install Facilities for Receiving Continuous Supply)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-213-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213-2
**第一項** 土地の所有者は、他の土地に設備を設置し、又は他人が所有する設備を使用しなければ電気、ガス又は水道水の供給その他これらに類する継続的給付（以下この項及び次条第一項において「継続的給付」という。）を受けることができないときは、継続的給付を受けるため必要な範囲内で、他の土地に設備を設置し、又は他人が所有する設備を使用することができる。
art-213-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213-2/par-1
If an owner of land is unable to receive electricity, gas or tap water supply or any other continuous supply equivalent thereto (referred to as "continuous supply" in this paragraph and paragraph (1) of the following Article) without installing facilities on other land or using facilities owned by another person, the owner of land may install facilities on the other land or use facilities owned by the other person to the extent necessary to receive continuous supply.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合には、設備の設置又は使用の場所及び方法は、他の土地又は他人が所有する設備（次項において「他の土地等」という。）のために損害が最も少ないものを選ばなければならない。
art-213-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213-2/par-2
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the place and method of installation or use of the facilities are to be chosen which causes the least damage to other land or facilities owned by the other person (referred to as "other land, etc." in the following paragraph).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の規定により他の土地に設備を設置し、又は他人が所有する設備を使用する者は、あらかじめ、その目的、場所及び方法を他の土地等の所有者及び他の土地を現に使用している者に通知しなければならない。
art-213-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213-2/par-3
A person who installs facilities on other land or uses facilities owned by another person pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) must notify in advance the owner of other land, etc. and the person who is actually using the other land of the purpose, place and method of the installation or use.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第一項の規定による権利を有する者は、同項の規定により他の土地に設備を設置し、又は他人が所有する設備を使用するために当該他の土地又は当該他人が所有する設備がある土地を使用することができる。この場合においては、第二百九条第一項ただし書及び第二項から第四項までの規定を準用する。
art-213-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213-2/par-4
In order to install facilities on other land or to use facilities owned by another person pursuant to the provisions of the same paragraph, a person who has the right pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) may use the other land in question or the land on which the facilities owned by the other person in question are located. In this case, the provisions of the proviso to paragraph (1), and paragraphs (2) through (4) of Article 209 apply mutatis mutandis.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 第一項の規定により他の土地に設備を設置する者は、その土地の損害（前項において準用する第二百九条第四項に規定する損害を除く。）に対して償金を支払わなければならない。ただし、一年ごとにその償金を支払うことができる。
art-213-2/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213-2/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213-2/par-5
A person who installs facilities on other land pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) must pay compensation for damage (excluding damage prescribed in Article 209, paragraph (4) as applied mutatis mutandis in the preceding paragraph) to the other land in question; provided, however, the compensation may be paid annually.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第六項** 第一項の規定により他人が所有する設備を使用する者は、その設備の使用を開始するために生じた損害に対して償金を支払わなければならない。
art-213-2/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213-2/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213-2/par-6
A person who uses facilities owned by another person pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) must pay compensation for damage caused by actions taken in order to initiate using the facilities.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第七項** 第一項の規定により他人が所有する設備を使用する者は、その利益を受ける割合に応じて、その設置、改築、修繕及び維持に要する費用を負担しなければならない。
art-213-2/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213-2/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213-2/par-7
A person who uses, pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), facilities owned by another person must bear the costs required for installation, reconstruction, repair and maintenance of the facilities in proportion to the benefits received.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十三条の三
art-213-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213-3
**第一項** 分割によって他の土地に設備を設置しなければ継続的給付を受けることができない土地が生じたときは、その土地の所有者は、継続的給付を受けるため、他の分割者の所有地のみに設備を設置することができる。この場合においては、前条第五項の規定は、適用しない。
art-213-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213-3/par-1
If the partition of land creates a parcel of land that cannot receive continuous supply without installing facilities on other land, an owner of the land, in order to receive continuous supply, may install facilities only on other land owned by a person who participated in the partition. In this case, the provisions of paragraph (5) of the preceding Article do not apply.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、土地の所有者がその土地の一部を譲り渡した場合について準用する。
art-213-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213-3/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if an owner of land has transferred a part of the land to another person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十四条（自然水流に対する妨害の禁止） — (Prohibition of Obstruction of Natural Water Streams)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-214 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-214 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-214
**第一項** 土地の所有者は、隣地から水が自然に流れて来るのを妨げてはならない。
art-214/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-214/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-214/par-1
A landowner must not interfere with a natural water stream flowing from a neighboring land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十五条（水流の障害の除去） — (Removal of Impediments to Water Streams)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-215 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-215 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-215
**第一項** 水流が天災その他避けることのできない事変により低地において閉塞したときは、高地の所有者は、自己の費用で、水流の障害を除去するため必要な工事をすることができる。
art-215/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-215/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-215/par-1
If a stream is blocked at low-lying ground due to a natural disaster or other unavoidable accident, an owner of a higher land may carry out construction work necessary to remove the impediment to the stream at that owner's own expense.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十六条（水流に関する工作物の修繕等） — (Repairs of Structures Related to Streams)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-216 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-216 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-216
**第一項** 他の土地に貯水、排水又は引水のために設けられた工作物の破壊又は閉塞により、自己の土地に損害が及び、又は及ぶおそれがある場合には、その土地の所有者は、当該他の土地の所有者に、工作物の修繕若しくは障害の除去をさせ、又は必要があるときは予防工事をさせることができる。
art-216/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-216/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-216/par-1
If a land suffers or is likely to suffer damage due to destruction or blockage of a structure installed on other land to store, discharge or draw water, the owner of that land may have the owner of that other land repair the structure or remove the impediments, or, if necessary, have the same carry out preventive construction work.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十七条（費用の負担についての慣習） — (Customs with Respect to Allocation of Expenses)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-217 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-217 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-217
**第一項** 前二条の場合において、費用の負担について別段の慣習があるときは、その慣習に従う。
art-217/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-217/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-217/par-1
In the cases provided for in the preceding two Articles, if there are other customs with respect to the allocation of expenses, those customs prevail.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十八条（雨水を隣地に注ぐ工作物の設置の禁止） — (Prohibition of Installation of Structures That Discharge Rainwater to Neighboring Lands)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-218 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-218 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-218
**第一項** 土地の所有者は、直接に雨水を隣地に注ぐ構造の屋根その他の工作物を設けてはならない。
art-218/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-218/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-218/par-1
A landowner must not install a roof or other structures that discharge rainwater directly onto neighboring land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十九条（水流の変更） — (Changes to Streams)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-219 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-219 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-219
**第一項** 溝、堀その他の水流地の所有者は、対岸の土地が他人の所有に属するときは、その水路又は幅員を変更してはならない。
art-219/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-219/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-219/par-1
An owner of a channel, moat, or other land containing a stream must not change the course or width of the same if the land on the other side is owned by another person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 両岸の土地が水流地の所有者に属するときは、その所有者は、水路及び幅員を変更することができる。ただし、水流が隣地と交わる地点において、自然の水路に戻さなければならない。
art-219/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-219/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-219/par-2
If the land on both sides of a stream is owned by the owner of the land containing the stream, that owner may change the course or the width of the same; provided, however, that the owner must return the stream to its natural course at the point where the stream meets a neighboring land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定と異なる慣習があるときは、その慣習に従う。
art-219/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-219/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-219/par-3
If there are customs that differ from the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, those customs prevail.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十条（排水のための低地の通水） — (Running Water Through Lower Ground for Discharge)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-220 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-220 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-220
**第一項** 高地の所有者は、その高地が浸水した場合にこれを乾かすため、又は自家用若しくは農工業用の余水を排出するため、公の水流又は下水道に至るまで、低地に水を通過させることができる。この場合においては、低地のために損害が最も少ない場所及び方法を選ばなければならない。
art-220/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-220/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-220/par-1
An owner of a higher land may run water through lower lands to dry out that owner's higher land if that land is flooded, or to discharge surplus water for household or agricultural or industrial use until the water meets a public stream or sewerage system. In these cases, the location and method that cause the least damage to the lower ground must be selected.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十一条（通水用工作物の使用） — (Use of Structures to Direct Water)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-221 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-221 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-221
**第一項** 土地の所有者は、その所有地の水を通過させるため、高地又は低地の所有者が設けた工作物を使用することができる。
art-221/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-221/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-221/par-1
A landowner may use a structure installed by the owner of higher or lower land in order to cause water from the landowner's land to pass through that land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合には、他人の工作物を使用する者は、その利益を受ける割合に応じて、工作物の設置及び保存の費用を分担しなければならない。
art-221/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-221/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-221/par-2
In the cases referred to in the preceding paragraph, the person using the other person's structure must bear the expenses of the installation and preservation of the structure in proportion to the benefit that person enjoys.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十二条（堰の設置及び使用） — (Construction and Use of Dams)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-222 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-222 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-222
**第一項** 水流地の所有者は、堰を設ける必要がある場合には、対岸の土地が他人の所有に属するときであっても、その堰を対岸に付着させて設けることができる。ただし、これによって生じた損害に対して償金を支払わなければならない。
art-222/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-222/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-222/par-1
If an owner of land containing a stream needs to construct a dam, that owner may construct that dam by fixing it to the other side even if the land on the other side is owned by another person; provided, however, that the owner must pay compensation for damage arising as a result.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 対岸の土地の所有者は、水流地の一部がその所有に属するときは、前項の堰を使用することができる。
art-222/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-222/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-222/par-2
The owner of land on the other side of a dam may use the dam referred to in the preceding paragraph if that owner owns part of the land containing the stream.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前条第二項の規定は、前項の場合について準用する。
art-222/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-222/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-222/par-3
The provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the cases referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十三条（境界標の設置） — (Installation of Boundary Markers)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-223 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-223 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-223
**第一項** 土地の所有者は、隣地の所有者と共同の費用で、境界標を設けることができる。
art-223/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-223/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-223/par-1
A landowner may install boundary markers, sharing the expenses with the owner of the neighboring land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十四条（境界標の設置及び保存の費用） — (Expenses of Installation and Preservation of Boundary Markers)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-224 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-224 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-224
**第一項** 境界標の設置及び保存の費用は、相隣者が等しい割合で負担する。ただし、測量の費用は、その土地の広狭に応じて分担する。
art-224/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-224/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-224/par-1
The expenses of installation and preservation of boundary markers are borne equally by neighbors; provided, however, that measuring expenses are borne in proportion to the area of each land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十五条（囲障の設置） — (Installation of Fences)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-225 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-225 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-225
**第一項** 二棟の建物がその所有者を異にし、かつ、その間に空地があるときは、各所有者は、他の所有者と共同の費用で、その境界に囲障を設けることができる。
art-225/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-225/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-225/par-1
If two buildings are owned by different owners and there is an open lot between them, each owner may install a fence on the boundary, sharing the expenses with the other owner.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 当事者間に協議が調わないときは、前項の囲障は、板塀又は竹垣その他これらに類する材料のものであって、かつ、高さ二メートルのものでなければならない。
art-225/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-225/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-225/par-2
If no agreement is reached between the parties, the fence referred to in the preceding paragraph must be a wooden fence, a bamboo fence or a fence made of similar material and must be two meters high.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十六条（囲障の設置及び保存の費用） — (Expenses of Installation and Preservation of Fences)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-226 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-226 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-226
**第一項** 前条の囲障の設置及び保存の費用は、相隣者が等しい割合で負担する。
art-226/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-226/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-226/par-1
The expenses of installation and preservation of the fences under the preceding Article are borne equally by the neighbors.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十七条（相隣者の一人による囲障の設置） — (Installation of Fences by One of the Neighbors)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-227 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-227 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-227
**第一項** 相隣者の一人は、第二百二十五条第二項に規定する材料より良好なものを用い、又は同項に規定する高さを増して囲障を設けることができる。ただし、これによって生ずる費用の増加額を負担しなければならない。
art-227/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-227/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-227/par-1
One of the neighboring owners may install a fence using materials better than those provided for in Article 225, paragraph (2) or elevating the height provided for under that paragraph; provided, however, that the relevant owner must bear the increase in expenses arising as a result of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十八条（囲障の設置等に関する慣習） — (Customs Relating to Installation of Fences)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-228 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-228 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-228
**第一項** 前三条の規定と異なる慣習があるときは、その慣習に従う。
art-228/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-228/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-228/par-1
If there are customs that differ from the provisions of the preceding three Articles, those customs prevail.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十九条（境界標等の共有の推定） — (Presumption of Co-Ownership of Boundary Markers)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-229 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-229 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-229
**第一項** 境界線上に設けた境界標、囲障、障壁、溝及び堀は、相隣者の共有に属するものと推定する。
art-229/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-229/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-229/par-1
Boundary markers, fences, walls, channels and moats installed on boundary lines are presumed to be co-owned by the neighbors.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十条
art-230 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-230 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-230
**第一項** 一棟の建物の一部を構成する境界線上の障壁については、前条の規定は、適用しない。
art-230/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-230/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-230/par-1
The provisions of the preceding Article do not apply to a wall on a boundary line that constitutes part of a building.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 高さの異なる二棟の隣接する建物を隔てる障壁の高さが、低い建物の高さを超えるときは、その障壁のうち低い建物を超える部分についても、前項と同様とする。ただし、防火障壁については、この限りでない。
art-230/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-230/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-230/par-2
If the height of a wall that separates two neighboring buildings of different heights is higher than the height of the lower building, the preceding paragraph also applies with respect to that portion of that wall that is higher than the lower building; provided, however, that this does not apply to fire walls.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十一条（共有の障壁の高さを増す工事） — (Construction Work Raising Height of Co-Owned Walls)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-231 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-231 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-231
**第一項** 相隣者の一人は、共有の障壁の高さを増すことができる。ただし、その障壁がその工事に耐えないときは、自己の費用で、必要な工作を加え、又はその障壁を改築しなければならない。
art-231/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-231/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-231/par-1
One of neighboring owners may raise the height of a co-owned wall; provided, however, that if the wall cannot withstand the construction work, the relevant owner must reinforce that wall as necessary or rebuild the same at the owner's own expense.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定により障壁の高さを増したときは、その高さを増した部分は、その工事をした者の単独の所有に属する。
art-231/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-231/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-231/par-2
If the height of a wall is raised pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the raised portion is owned solely by the owner that carried out the construction work.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十二条
art-232 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-232 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-232
**第一項** 前条の場合において、隣人が損害を受けたときは、その償金を請求することができる。
art-232/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-232/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-232/par-1
In the cases provided for in the preceding Article, if a neighbor suffers damage, that neighbor may claim compensation for the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十三条（竹木の枝の切除及び根の切取り） — (Cutting of Branches and Roots of Trees and Bamboo)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-233 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-233 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-233
**第一項** 土地の所有者は、隣地の竹木の枝が境界線を越えるときは、その竹木の所有者に、その枝を切除させることができる。
art-233/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-233/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-233/par-1
If a tree or bamboo branch from neighboring land crosses a boundary line, the landowner may have the owner of that tree or bamboo sever that branch.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合において、竹木が数人の共有に属するときは、各共有者は、その枝を切り取ることができる。
art-233/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-233/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-233/par-2
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the tree or bamboo belongs to several co-owners, any of the co-owners may cut off the branch.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の場合において、次に掲げるときは、土地の所有者は、その枝を切り取ることができる。
art-233/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-233/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-233/par-3
In the case referred to in paragraph (1), an owner of land may cut off the branch in the following cases:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 竹木の所有者に枝を切除するよう催告したにもかかわらず、竹木の所有者が相当の期間内に切除しないとき。
art-233/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-233/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-233/par-3/item-1
if the owner of the tree or bamboo does not cut off the branch within a reasonable period of time despite receiving a notice requesting the owner to do so;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 竹木の所有者を知ることができず、又はその所在を知ることができないとき。
art-233/par-3/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-233/par-3/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-233/par-3/item-2
if identity of the owner of the tree or bamboo cannot be ascertained, or the owner's whereabouts cannot be ascertained;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 急迫の事情があるとき。
art-233/par-3/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-233/par-3/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-233/par-3/item-3
if there are pressing circumstances.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 隣地の竹木の根が境界線を越えるときは、その根を切り取ることができる。
art-233/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-233/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-233/par-4
If a tree or bamboo root from neighboring land crosses a boundary line, the owner of the land may sever that root.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十四条（境界線付近の建築の制限） — (Restrictions on Buildings near Boundary Lines)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-234 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-234 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-234
**第一項** 建物を築造するには、境界線から五十センチメートル以上の距離を保たなければならない。
art-234/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-234/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-234/par-1
In order to construct a building, the building must be distanced 50 centimeters or more away from the boundary line.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定に違反して建築をしようとする者があるときは、隣地の所有者は、その建築を中止させ、又は変更させることができる。ただし、建築に着手した時から一年を経過し、又はその建物が完成した後は、損害賠償の請求のみをすることができる。
art-234/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-234/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-234/par-2
If a person attempts to construct a building in violation of the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the owner of the neighboring land may have the construction suspended or changed; provided, however, that if one year passes from the time when that construction started or if that building is completed, the owner may only claim for damages.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十五条
art-235 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-235 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-235
**第一項** 境界線から一メートル未満の距離において他人の宅地を見通すことのできる窓又は縁側（ベランダを含む。次項において同じ。）を設ける者は、目隠しを付けなければならない。
art-235/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-235/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-235/par-1
A person that installs a window or porch (including a veranda, the same applies in the following paragraph) at a distance of less than one meter from a boundary line allowing the observation of the residential land of another person must put up a privacy screen.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の距離は、窓又は縁側の最も隣地に近い点から垂直線によって境界線に至るまでを測定して算出する。
art-235/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-235/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-235/par-2
The distance referred to in the preceding paragraph is calculated by measuring the length of a straight line from the point on the window or porch closest to the neighboring land, to where it reaches the boundary line at a right angle.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十六条（境界線付近の建築に関する慣習） — (Customs Relating to Construction near Boundary Lines)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-236 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-236 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-236
**第一項** 前二条の規定と異なる慣習があるときは、その慣習に従う。
art-236/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-236/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-236/par-1
If there are customs that differ from the provisions of the preceding two Articles, those customs prevail.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十七条（境界線付近の掘削の制限） — (Restrictions on Digging near Boundary Lines)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-237 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-237 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-237
**第一項** 井戸、用水だめ、下水だめ又は肥料だめを掘るには境界線から二メートル以上、池、穴蔵又はし尿だめを掘るには境界線から一メートル以上の距離を保たなければならない。
art-237/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-237/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-237/par-1
In order to dig a well, service water pit, sewage pit or compost pit, the same must be distanced two or more meters from the boundary line, and in order to dig a pond, cellar or human waste pit, the same must be distanced one or more meters from the boundary line.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 導水管を埋め、又は溝若しくは堀を掘るには、境界線からその深さの二分の一以上の距離を保たなければならない。ただし、一メートルを超えることを要しない。
art-237/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-237/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-237/par-2
In order to bury water pipes, or dig a channel or moat, the water pipes, channel or moat must be distanced from the boundary line by a measurement equivalent to at least half the depth of the water pipes, channel or moat; provided, however, that the distance is not required to be exceeding one meter.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十八条（境界線付近の掘削に関する注意義務） — (Duty of Care Regarding Digging near Boundary Lines)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-238 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-238 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-238
**第一項** 境界線の付近において前条の工事をするときは、土砂の崩壊又は水若しくは汚液の漏出を防ぐため必要な注意をしなければならない。
art-238/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-238/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-238/par-1
When carrying out a construction referred to in the preceding Article near a boundary line, necessary care must be taken to ensure the prevention of landslides or leakages of water or contaminated liquids.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二節 所有権の取得 — Section 2 Acquisition of Ownership
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-3/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-3/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-3/sec-2
### 第二百三十九条（無主物の帰属） — (Ownership in Ownerless Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-239 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-239 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-239
**第一項** 所有者のない動産は、所有の意思をもって占有することによって、その所有権を取得する。
art-239/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-239/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-239/par-1
Ownership of movables without an owner are acquired by possessing the same with the intention to own.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 所有者のない不動産は、国庫に帰属する。
art-239/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-239/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-239/par-2
Ownerless immovables belong to the national treasury.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四十条（遺失物の拾得） — (Finding of Lost Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-240 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-240 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-240
**第一項** 遺失物は、遺失物法（平成十八年法律第七十三号）の定めるところに従い公告をした後三箇月以内にその所有者が判明しないときは、これを拾得した者がその所有権を取得する。
art-240/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-240/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-240/par-1
If the owner of lost property is not identified within three months of the time when public notice is effected as prescribed by the Lost Property Act (Act No. 73 of 2006), the person who found the lost property acquires ownership of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四十一条（埋蔵物の発見） — (Discovery of Buried Things)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-241 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-241 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-241
**第一項** 埋蔵物は、遺失物法の定めるところに従い公告をした後六箇月以内にその所有者が判明しないときは、これを発見した者がその所有権を取得する。ただし、他人の所有する物の中から発見された埋蔵物については、これを発見した者及びその他人が等しい割合でその所有権を取得する。
art-241/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-241/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-241/par-1
If the owner of a buried thing is not identified within six months of the time when public notice is effected as prescribed by the Lost Property Act, the finder acquires ownership of the same; provided, however, that with respect to a buried thing discovered inside a thing that belongs to another person, the finder and that other person acquire equally proportionate ownership of that buried thing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四十二条（不動産の付合） — (Accession to Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-242 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-242 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-242
**第一項** 不動産の所有者は、その不動産に従として付合した物の所有権を取得する。ただし、権原によってその物を附属させた他人の権利を妨げない。
art-242/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-242/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-242/par-1
The owner of immovables acquires ownership of a thing that has been attached thereto as its appurtenance; provided, however, that the rights of the other person that attached that thing by virtue of a title are not prejudiced.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四十三条（動産の付合） — (Accession to Movables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-243 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-243 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-243
**第一項** 所有者を異にする数個の動産が、付合により、損傷しなければ分離することができなくなったときは、その合成物の所有権は、主たる動産の所有者に帰属する。分離するのに過分の費用を要するときも、同様とする。
art-243/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-243/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-243/par-1
If two or more movable properties with different owners can no longer be separated without damage due to accession, the ownership of the composite thing belongs to the owner of the principal movable property. The same applies if excessive expense is required to separate the movables.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四十四条
art-244 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-244 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-244
**第一項** 付合した動産について主従の区別をすることができないときは、各動産の所有者は、その付合の時における価格の割合に応じてその合成物を共有する。
art-244/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-244/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-244/par-1
If the distinction of principal and accessory cannot be made between the movables united by accession, the owner of each movable property co-owns the composite thing in proportion to the respective price current at the time of the accession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四十五条（混和） — (Mixture)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-245 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-245 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-245
**第一項** 前二条の規定は、所有者を異にする物が混和して識別することができなくなった場合について準用する。
art-245/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-245/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-245/par-1
The provisions of the preceding two Articles apply mutatis mutandis if the things of different owners are mixed together and can no longer be distinguished.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四十六条（加工） — (Processing)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-246 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-246 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-246
**第一項** 他人の動産に工作を加えた者（以下この条において「加工者」という。）があるときは、その加工物の所有権は、材料の所有者に帰属する。ただし、工作によって生じた価格が材料の価格を著しく超えるときは、加工者がその加工物の所有権を取得する。
art-246/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-246/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-246/par-1
If a person (referred to as "processor" in this Article below) adds labor to another person's movables, the ownership of the processed thing belongs to the owner of the material; provided, however, that if the value derived from the work significantly exceeds the value of the material, the processor acquires ownership of the processed thing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項に規定する場合において、加工者が材料の一部を供したときは、その価格に工作によって生じた価格を加えたものが他人の材料の価格を超えるときに限り、加工者がその加工物の所有権を取得する。
art-246/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-246/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-246/par-2
In the cases prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if the processor provides a portion of the materials, the processor acquires ownership of the processed thing only if the value of provided materials added to the value derived from the labor exceeds the value of the other person's materials.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四十七条（付合、混和又は加工の効果） — (Effect of Accession, Mixture or Processing)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-247 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-247 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-247
**第一項** 第二百四十二条から前条までの規定により物の所有権が消滅したときは、その物について存する他の権利も、消滅する。
art-247/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-247/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-247/par-1
If the ownership of a thing is extinguished pursuant to the provisions of Article 242 through the preceding Article, other rights existing on that thing are also extinguished.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項に規定する場合において、物の所有者が、合成物、混和物又は加工物（以下この項において「合成物等」という。）の単独所有者となったときは、その物について存する他の権利は以後その合成物等について存し、物の所有者が合成物等の共有者となったときは、その物について存する他の権利は以後その持分について存する。
art-247/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-247/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-247/par-2
In the cases prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if the owner of a thing has become the sole owner of the thing formed by accession or appurtenance, mixture or processing (referred to as "composite thing" in this paragraph below), other rights existing on that thing thereafter exist on the composite thing, and if the owner of the thing becomes a co-owner of the composite thing, other rights existing on that thing thereafter exist on that owner's interest in the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四十八条（付合、混和又は加工に伴う償金の請求） — (Demands for Compensation for Accession, Appurtenance, Mixture or Processing)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-248 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-248 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-248
**第一項** 第二百四十二条から前条までの規定の適用によって損失を受けた者は、第七百三条及び第七百四条の規定に従い、その償金を請求することができる。
art-248/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-248/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-248/par-1
A person that suffers loss because of the application of the provisions of Article 242 through the preceding Article may demand compensation in accordance with the provisions of Article 703 and Article 704.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三節 共有 — Section 3 Co-Ownership
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-3/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-3/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-3/sec-3
### 第二百四十九条（共有物の使用） — (Use of Property in Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-249 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-249 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-249
**第一項** 各共有者は、共有物の全部について、その持分に応じた使用をすることができる。
art-249/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-249/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-249/par-1
Each co-owner may use the entire property in co-ownership in proportion to each co-owner's interest.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 共有物を使用する共有者は、別段の合意がある場合を除き、他の共有者に対し、自己の持分を超える使用の対価を償還する義務を負う。
art-249/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-249/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-249/par-2
Unless otherwise agreed, a co-owner who uses the property in co-ownership is obligated to reimburse other co-owners for the use of the property in co-ownership in excess of the co-owner's ownership share.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 共有者は、善良な管理者の注意をもって、共有物の使用をしなければならない。
art-249/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-249/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-249/par-3
A co-owner must use the property in co-ownership with the due care of a prudent manager.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十条（共有持分の割合の推定） — (Presumption of Proportion of Co-Ownership Interests)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-250 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-250 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-250
**第一項** 各共有者の持分は、相等しいものと推定する。
art-250/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-250/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-250/par-1
Each co-owner's interest is presumed to be equal.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十一条（共有物の変更） — (Changes to Property in Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-251 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-251 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-251
**第一項** 各共有者は、他の共有者の同意を得なければ、共有物に変更（その形状又は効用の著しい変更を伴わないものを除く。次項において同じ。）を加えることができない。
art-251/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-251/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-251/par-1
No co-owner may make changes (excluding those that do not involve extreme changes to the shape or function; the same applies in the following paragraph) to the property in co-ownership without the consent of the other co-owners.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 共有者が他の共有者を知ることができず、又はその所在を知ることができないときは、裁判所は、共有者の請求により、当該他の共有者以外の他の共有者の同意を得て共有物に変更を加えることができる旨の裁判をすることができる。
art-251/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-251/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-251/par-2
If a co-owner is unable to ascertain the identity of another co-owner or their whereabouts, the court may, at the request of the co-owner, render a judicial decision to the effect that changes may be made to the property in co-ownership with the consent of the co-owners other than the other co-owner in question.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十二条（共有物の管理） — (Management of Property in Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-252 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252
**第一項** 共有物の管理に関する事項（次条第一項に規定する共有物の管理者の選任及び解任を含み、共有物に前条第一項に規定する変更を加えるものを除く。次項において同じ。）は、各共有者の持分の価格に従い、その過半数で決する。共有物を使用する共有者があるときも、同様とする。
art-252/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-1
Particulars regarding the management of property in co-ownership (including the appointment and dismissal of a manager of the property in co-ownership prescribed in paragraph (1) of the following Article, and excluding those that make any changes prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article to the property in co-ownership; the same applies in the following paragraph) are decided by a majority according to the value of the ownership shares of the co-owners. The same applies when there are co-owners who use the property in co-ownership.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 裁判所は、次の各号に掲げるときは、当該各号に規定する他の共有者以外の共有者の請求により、当該他の共有者以外の共有者の持分の価格に従い、その過半数で共有物の管理に関する事項を決することができる旨の裁判をすることができる。
art-252/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-2
In any of the following cases, the court, upon the request of a co-owner other than another co-owner listed in the respective items, may render a judicial decision to the effect that particulars regarding the management of property in co-ownership may be decided by a majority according to the value of the ownership shares of the co-owners other than the relevant other co-owner in question:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 共有者が他の共有者を知ることができず、又はその所在を知ることができないとき。
art-252/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-2/item-1
when a co-owner is unable to ascertain the identity of another co-owner or their whereabouts;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 共有者が他の共有者に対し相当の期間を定めて共有物の管理に関する事項を決することについて賛否を明らかにすべき旨を催告した場合において、当該他の共有者がその期間内に賛否を明らかにしないとき。
art-252/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-2/item-2
when a co-owner has given notice to another co-owner requesting them to clarify whether they are in favor of or against the idea of deciding on particulars regarding the management of property in co-ownership within a reasonable period of time, and the other co-owner in question does not clarify whether they are in favor of or against within that period of time.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定による決定が、共有者間の決定に基づいて共有物を使用する共有者に特別の影響を及ぼすべきときは、その承諾を得なければならない。
art-252/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-3
If the decision under the preceding two paragraphs should have a special effect on any co-owner who uses the property in co-ownership based on a decision among co-owners, their consent must be obtained.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 共有者は、前三項の規定により、共有物に、次の各号に掲げる賃借権その他の使用及び収益を目的とする権利（以下この項において「賃借権等」という。）であって、当該各号に定める期間を超えないものを設定することができる。
art-252/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-4
Pursuant to the provisions of the preceding three paragraphs, co-owners may establish on the co-owned property the leases or other rights to use or earn profit listed in the following items (referred to as "right of lease, etc." in this paragraph below) that do not exceed the period of time specified in the relevant items:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 樹木の栽植又は伐採を目的とする山林の賃借権等 十年
art-252/par-4/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-4/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-4/item-1
right of lease, etc. of forest for the purpose of planting or felling trees:10 years;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 前号に掲げる賃借権等以外の土地の賃借権等 五年
art-252/par-4/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-4/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-4/item-2
right of lease, etc. for land other than the leases stated in the preceding item:5 years;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 建物の賃借権等 三年
art-252/par-4/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-4/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-4/item-3
right of lease, etc. of a building:3 years;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 動産の賃借権等 六箇月
art-252/par-4/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-4/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-4/item-4
right of lease, etc. of movables:6 months.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 各共有者は、前各項の規定にかかわらず、保存行為をすることができる。
art-252/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-5
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraphs, each co-owner may perform acts of preservation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十二条の二（共有物の管理者） — (Manager of Property in Co-ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-252-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252-2
**第一項** 共有物の管理者は、共有物の管理に関する行為をすることができる。ただし、共有者の全員の同意を得なければ、共有物に変更（その形状又は効用の著しい変更を伴わないものを除く。次項において同じ。）を加えることができない。
art-252-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252-2/par-1
A manager of the property in co-ownership may perform any act relating to the management of the property in co-ownership; provided, however, that no co-owner may make changes (excluding those that do not involve an extreme change in the shape or function; the same applies in the following paragraph) to the property in co-ownership without the consent of all co-owners.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 共有物の管理者が共有者を知ることができず、又はその所在を知ることができないときは、裁判所は、共有物の管理者の請求により、当該共有者以外の共有者の同意を得て共有物に変更を加えることができる旨の裁判をすることができる。
art-252-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252-2/par-2
If a manager of the property in co-ownership is unable to ascertain the identity of a co-owner or their whereabouts, the court, at the request of the manager of the property in co-ownership, may render a judicial decision to the effect that changes may be made to the property in co-ownership with the consent of the co-owners other than the co-owner.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 共有物の管理者は、共有者が共有物の管理に関する事項を決した場合には、これに従ってその職務を行わなければならない。
art-252-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252-2/par-3
When the co-owners have decided on particulars regarding the management of the property in co-ownership, a manager of the property in co-ownership must perform the manager's duties in accordance with their decisions.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前項の規定に違反して行った共有物の管理者の行為は、共有者に対してその効力を生じない。ただし、共有者は、これをもって善意の第三者に対抗することができない。
art-252-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252-2/par-4
Any acts of a manager of the property in co-ownership performed in violation of the provisions of the preceding paragraph have no effect on the co-owners; provided, however, that this may not be duly asserted by a co-owner against a third party acting in good faith.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十三条（共有物に関する負担） — (Obligations to Bear Burdens Regarding Property in Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-253 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-253 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-253
**第一項** 各共有者は、その持分に応じ、管理の費用を支払い、その他共有物に関する負担を負う。
art-253/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-253/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-253/par-1
Each co-owner pays management expenses and bears other burdens regarding the property in co-ownership, in proportion to each co-owner's interest.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 共有者が一年以内に前項の義務を履行しないときは、他の共有者は、相当の償金を支払ってその者の持分を取得することができる。
art-253/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-253/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-253/par-2
If a co-owner does not perform the obligations referred to in the preceding paragraph within one year, other co-owners may acquire that co-owner's interest by paying a reasonable compensation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十四条（共有物についての債権） — (Claims on Property in Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-254 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-254 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-254
**第一項** 共有者の一人が共有物について他の共有者に対して有する債権は、その特定承継人に対しても行使することができる。
art-254/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-254/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-254/par-1
A claim that one of the co-owners holds against other co-owners with respect to the property in co-ownership may be exercised against their specific successors.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十五条（持分の放棄及び共有者の死亡） — (Waiver of Interests and Death of Co-Owners)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-255 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-255 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-255
**第一項** 共有者の一人が、その持分を放棄したとき、又は死亡して相続人がないときは、その持分は、他の共有者に帰属する。
art-255/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-255/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-255/par-1
If one of co-owners waives interest or dies without an heir, the waived interest belongs to the other co-owners.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十六条（共有物の分割請求） — (Demands for Partition of Property in Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-256 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-256 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-256
**第一項** 各共有者は、いつでも共有物の分割を請求することができる。ただし、五年を超えない期間内は分割をしない旨の契約をすることを妨げない。
art-256/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-256/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-256/par-1
Each co-owner may demand the partition of property in co-ownership at any time; provided, however, that this does not preclude concluding a contract agreeing not to partition that property for a period not exceeding five years.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項ただし書の契約は、更新することができる。ただし、その期間は、更新の時から五年を超えることができない。
art-256/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-256/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-256/par-2
The contract under the proviso to the preceding paragraph may be renewed; provided, however, that its period may not exceed five years from the time of the renewal.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十七条
art-257 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-257 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-257
**第一項** 前条の規定は、第二百二十九条に規定する共有物については、適用しない。
art-257/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-257/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-257/par-1
The provisions of the preceding Article do not apply to the property in co-ownership provided for in Article 229.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十八条（裁判による共有物の分割） — (Partition of Property in Co-Ownership by Judicial Decision)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-258 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258
**第一項** 共有物の分割について共有者間に協議が調わないとき、又は協議をすることができないときは、その分割を裁判所に請求することができる。
art-258/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258/par-1
If co-owners are unable to reach an agreement on, or unable to discuss, the partition of property in co-ownership, they may request the court to partition the property in co-ownership.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 裁判所は、次に掲げる方法により、共有物の分割を命ずることができる。
art-258/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258/par-2
The court may order the partition of property in co-ownership by any of the following methods:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 共有物の現物を分割する方法
art-258/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258/par-2/item-1
partitioning the actual property in co-ownership;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 共有者に債務を負担させて、他の共有者の持分の全部又は一部を取得させる方法
art-258/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258/par-2/item-2
having a co-owner assume a debt and acquire in exchange all or part of another co-owner's ownership share.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項に規定する方法により共有物を分割することができないとき、又は分割によってその価格を著しく減少させるおそれがあるときは、裁判所は、その競売を命ずることができる。
art-258/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258/par-3
If it is not possible to partition the property in co-ownership by a method prescribed in the preceding paragraph, or if the partition of the property in co-ownership is likely to significantly reduce the value of the property, the court may order the sale at auction.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 裁判所は、共有物の分割の裁判において、当事者に対して、金銭の支払、物の引渡し、登記義務の履行その他の給付を命ずることができる。
art-258/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258/par-4
In a judicial decision on the partition of property in co-ownership, the court may order the parties to pay any money, deliver any objects, perform their obligation to register, or perform any other act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十八条の二
art-258-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258-2
**第一項** 共有物の全部又はその持分が相続財産に属する場合において、共同相続人間で当該共有物の全部又はその持分について遺産の分割をすべきときは、当該共有物又はその持分について前条の規定による分割をすることができない。
art-258-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258-2/par-1
If all, or a share of the property in co-ownership belongs to inherited property, the property in co-ownership or the share in question may not be partitioned under the provisions of the preceding Article when the coheirs make a division of inherited property with regard to all of, or a share of, the property in co-ownership.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 共有物の持分が相続財産に属する場合において、相続開始の時から十年を経過したときは、前項の規定にかかわらず、相続財産に属する共有物の持分について前条の規定による分割をすることができる。ただし、当該共有物の持分について遺産の分割の請求があった場合において、相続人が当該共有物の持分について同条の規定による分割をすることに異議の申出をしたときは、この限りでない。
art-258-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258-2/par-2
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if a share of the property in co-ownership belongs to inherited property, if ten years have passed since the time of commencement of inheritance, the share of property in co-ownership belonging to the inherited property may be partitioned in accordance with the provisions of the preceding Article; provided, however, that this does not apply if there is a request for division of inherited property with respect to the share of property in co-ownership, and an heir has filed an objection to the partition of the share of property in co-ownership in accordance with the provisions of the same Article.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 相続人が前項ただし書の申出をする場合には、当該申出は、当該相続人が前条第一項の規定による請求を受けた裁判所から当該請求があった旨の通知を受けた日から二箇月以内に当該裁判所にしなければならない。
art-258-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258-2/par-3
If an heir files an objection referred to in the proviso to the preceding paragraph, it must be filed with the court that received the request under paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, within two months from the date on which the heir received from that court a notice to the effect that the request had been made.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十九条（共有に関する債権の弁済） — (Payment of Claims Regarding Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-259 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-259 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-259
**第一項** 共有者の一人が他の共有者に対して共有に関する債権を有するときは、分割に際し、債務者に帰属すべき共有物の部分をもって、その弁済に充てることができる。
art-259/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-259/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-259/par-1
If one of the co-owners holds a claim regarding co-ownership against other co-owners, upon partition, the portion of the property in co-ownership that belongs to the obligor may be appropriated for the payment of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債権者は、前項の弁済を受けるため債務者に帰属すべき共有物の部分を売却する必要があるときは、その売却を請求することができる。
art-259/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-259/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-259/par-2
If it is necessary to sell the portion of the property in co-ownership that belongs to the obligor to obtain the payment referred to in the preceding paragraph, the obligee may demand the sale of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十条（共有物の分割への参加） — (Participation in Partition of Property in Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-260 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-260 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-260
**第一項** 共有物について権利を有する者及び各共有者の債権者は、自己の費用で、分割に参加することができる。
art-260/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-260/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-260/par-1
A person that holds a right with respect to property in co-ownership and an obligee of any of the co-owners may participate in partitions at their own expense.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定による参加の請求があったにもかかわらず、その請求をした者を参加させないで分割をしたときは、その分割は、その請求をした者に対抗することができない。
art-260/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-260/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-260/par-2
If, notwithstanding a request for participation under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, partition is effected without allowing the participation of the person that submitted the request, that partition may not be duly asserted against the person that submitted the request.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十一条（分割における共有者の担保責任） — (Co-Owners' Warranties upon Partitions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-261 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-261 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-261
**第一項** 各共有者は、他の共有者が分割によって取得した物について、売主と同じく、その持分に応じて担保の責任を負う。
art-261/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-261/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-261/par-1
Each co-owner provides the same warranty as that of a seller in proportion to each co-owner's interest, with regards to the thing other co-owners have acquired by the partition.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十二条（共有物に関する証書） — (Instruments Regarding Property in Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-262 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262
**第一項** 分割が完了したときは、各分割者は、その取得した物に関する証書を保存しなければならない。
art-262/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262/par-1
When a partition is completed, each of the persons that participated in the partition must retain the instruments regarding things each of them acquired.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 共有者の全員又はそのうちの数人に分割した物に関する証書は、その物の最大の部分を取得した者が保存しなければならない。
art-262/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262/par-2
Instruments regarding a thing that is partitioned for some or all co-owners must be retained by the person that acquired the largest portion of that thing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項の場合において、最大の部分を取得した者がないときは、分割者間の協議で証書の保存者を定める。協議が調わないときは、裁判所が、これを指定する。
art-262/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262/par-3
In the cases referred to in the preceding paragraph, if no person acquired the largest portion, the person that is to retain the instruments is determined by agreement among the persons that participated in the partition. If no agreement is reached, the court designates the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 証書の保存者は、他の分割者の請求に応じて、その証書を使用させなければならない。
art-262/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262/par-4
A person that is to retain instruments must allow other persons that participated in the partition to use the instruments at the request of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十二条の二（所在等不明共有者の持分の取得） — (Acquisition of Ownership Share of Co-owner Whose Whereabouts Are Unknown)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-262-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-2
**第一項** 不動産が数人の共有に属する場合において、共有者が他の共有者を知ることができず、又はその所在を知ることができないときは、裁判所は、共有者の請求により、その共有者に、当該他の共有者（以下この条において「所在等不明共有者」という。）の持分を取得させる旨の裁判をすることができる。この場合において、請求をした共有者が二人以上あるときは、請求をした各共有者に、所在等不明共有者の持分を、請求をした各共有者の持分の割合で按分してそれぞれ取得させる。
art-262-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-2/par-1
When immovables belong to several co-owners, if a co-owner is unable to ascertain the identity of another co-owner or to ascertain their whereabouts, the court may, at the request of a co-owner, render a judicial decision to allow the co-owner to acquire the ownership share of the co-owner in question (referred to as "co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown" in this Article below). In this case, if there are two or more co-owners who have made the request, they may acquire the ownership share of the co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown in proportion to the ownership shares of property in co-ownership held by each of the co-owners who made the request.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項の請求があった持分に係る不動産について第二百五十八条第一項の規定による請求又は遺産の分割の請求があり、かつ、所在等不明共有者以外の共有者が前項の請求を受けた裁判所に同項の裁判をすることについて異議がある旨の届出をしたときは、裁判所は、同項の裁判をすることができない。
art-262-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-2/par-2
If a request under the provisions of Article 258, paragraph (1) or a request for division of inherited property has been made with regard to immovables related to the ownership share for which a request was filed under the preceding paragraph, and if any co-owner other than the co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown has notified the court which received the request filed under the preceding paragraph to the effect that the co-owner has an objection to the court's rendering a judicial decision under the same paragraph, the court may not render the judicial decision stated in the same paragraph.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 所在等不明共有者の持分が相続財産に属する場合（共同相続人間で遺産の分割をすべき場合に限る。）において、相続開始の時から十年を経過していないときは、裁判所は、第一項の裁判をすることができない。
art-262-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-2/par-3
If the ownership share of a co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown belongs to inherited property (limited to cases where the inheritance should be divided among coheirs), the court may not render the judicial decision referred to in paragraph (1) if ten years have not yet passed from the time of commencement of the inheritance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第一項の規定により共有者が所在等不明共有者の持分を取得したときは、所在等不明共有者は、当該共有者に対し、当該共有者が取得した持分の時価相当額の支払を請求することができる。
art-262-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-2/par-4
If a co-owner has acquired the ownership share of a co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), the co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown is entitled to demand payment of the amount equivalent to the market value of the ownership share acquired from the relevant co-owner.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 前各項の規定は、不動産の使用又は収益をする権利（所有権を除く。）が数人の共有に属する場合について準用する。
art-262-2/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-2/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-2/par-5
The provisions of the preceding paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis to cases where a right to use or earn profits from immovables (excluding the right of ownership) belongs to several co-owners.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十二条の三（所在等不明共有者の持分の譲渡） — (Transfer of Ownership Share of Co-owner Whose Whereabouts Are Unknown)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-262-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-3
**第一項** 不動産が数人の共有に属する場合において、共有者が他の共有者を知ることができず、又はその所在を知ることができないときは、裁判所は、共有者の請求により、その共有者に、当該他の共有者（以下この条において「所在等不明共有者」という。）以外の共有者の全員が特定の者に対してその有する持分の全部を譲渡することを停止条件として所在等不明共有者の持分を当該特定の者に譲渡する権限を付与する旨の裁判をすることができる。
art-262-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-3/par-1
When immovables belong to several co-owners, if a co-owner is unable to ascertain the identity of another co-owner or to ascertain another co-owner's whereabouts, the court may, at the request of a co-owner, render a judicial decision to the effect that the co-owner is granted the authority to transfer the ownership share of the other co-owner in question (referred to as "co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown" in this Article below) to a specific person on the condition that all of the co-owners other than the co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown transfer all of their ownership shares to the specific person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 所在等不明共有者の持分が相続財産に属する場合（共同相続人間で遺産の分割をすべき場合に限る。）において、相続開始の時から十年を経過していないときは、裁判所は、前項の裁判をすることができない。
art-262-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-3/par-2
If an ownership share of a co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown belongs to inherited property (limited to cases where the inheritance should be divided among joint heirs), the court may not render the judicial decision referred to in the preceding paragraph if ten years have not yet passed from the time of commencement of the inheritance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の裁判により付与された権限に基づき共有者が所在等不明共有者の持分を第三者に譲渡したときは、所在等不明共有者は、当該譲渡をした共有者に対し、不動産の時価相当額を所在等不明共有者の持分に応じて按分して得た額の支払を請求することができる。
art-262-3/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-3/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-3/par-3
If a co-owner has transferred the ownership share of a co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown to a third party based on the authority granted by the judicial decision stated in paragraph (1), the co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown is entitled to demand from the co-owner who made the transfer payment the amount obtained by proportionally dividing the amount equivalent to the market value of the immovables according to the ownership share of the co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前三項の規定は、不動産の使用又は収益をする権利（所有権を除く。）が数人の共有に属する場合について準用する。
art-262-3/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-3/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-3/par-4
The provisions of the preceding three paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis to cases where a right to use or earn profits from immovables (excluding the right of ownership) belongs to several co-owners.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十三条（共有の性質を有する入会権） — (Rights of Common with Nature of Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-263 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-263 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-263
**第一項** 共有の性質を有する入会権については、各地方の慣習に従うほか、この節の規定を適用する。
art-263/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-263/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-263/par-1
Rights of common that have the nature of co-ownership are governed by local customs and are otherwise subject to the application of the provisions of this Section.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条（準共有） — (De Facto Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264
**第一項** この節（第二百六十二条の二及び第二百六十二条の三を除く。）の規定は、数人で所有権以外の財産権を有する場合について準用する。ただし、法令に特別の定めがあるときは、この限りでない。
art-264/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264/par-1
The provisions of this Section (excluding Article 262-2 and Article 262-3) apply mutatis mutandis if two or more persons share property rights other than ownership; provided, however, that this does not apply if otherwise provided by laws and regulations.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四節 所有者不明土地管理命令及び所有者不明建物管理命令 — Section 4 Administration Order for Unclaimed Land and Administration Order for Unclaimed Buildings
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-3/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-3/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-3/sec-4
### 第二百六十四条の二（所有者不明土地管理命令） — (Administration Order for Unclaimed Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-2
**第一項** 裁判所は、所有者を知ることができず、又はその所在を知ることができない土地（土地が数人の共有に属する場合にあっては、共有者を知ることができず、又はその所在を知ることができない土地の共有持分）について、必要があると認めるときは、利害関係人の請求により、その請求に係る土地又は共有持分を対象として、所有者不明土地管理人（第四項に規定する所有者不明土地管理人をいう。以下同じ。）による管理を命ずる処分（以下「所有者不明土地管理命令」という。）をすることができる。
art-264-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-2/par-1
With regard to land for which the identity of the owner cannot be ascertained or for which the owner's whereabouts cannot be ascertained (or if the land belongs to several co-owners, a co-ownership share for which the identity of the owner cannot be ascertained or for which the owner's whereabouts cannot be ascertained), the court, finding it necessary, upon the request of an interested person, may issue a disposition to order administration by an administrator of unclaimed land (meaning the administrator of unclaimed land referred to in paragraph (4); the same applies below) for the land or co-ownership share related to the request (referred to as "administration order for unclaimed land" below).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 所有者不明土地管理命令の効力は、当該所有者不明土地管理命令の対象とされた土地（共有持分を対象として所有者不明土地管理命令が発せられた場合にあっては、共有物である土地）にある動産（当該所有者不明土地管理命令の対象とされた土地の所有者又は共有持分を有する者が所有するものに限る。）に及ぶ。
art-264-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-2/par-2
The effect of an administration order for unclaimed land extends to movables (limited to those owned by the owner of the land or the person holding the co-ownership share that is the subject of the administration order for unclaimed land) located on the land that is the subject of the administration order for unclaimed land (or if the administration order for unclaimed land is issued for a co-ownership share, the land that is property in co-ownership).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 所有者不明土地管理命令は、所有者不明土地管理命令が発せられた後に当該所有者不明土地管理命令が取り消された場合において、当該所有者不明土地管理命令の対象とされた土地又は共有持分及び当該所有者不明土地管理命令の効力が及ぶ動産の管理、処分その他の事由により所有者不明土地管理人が得た財産について、必要があると認めるときも、することができる。
art-264-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-2/par-3
if an administration order for unclaimed land is set aside after the issuance, it may also be issued on the property obtained by the administrator of unclaimed land due to management or disposition of the land or co-ownership share that is the subject of the administration order for unclaimed land, and movables to which the effect of the administration order for unclaimed land extends, or for other reasons, when it is found to be necessary.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 裁判所は、所有者不明土地管理命令をする場合には、当該所有者不明土地管理命令において、所有者不明土地管理人を選任しなければならない。
art-264-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-2/par-4
When issuing an administration order for unclaimed land, the court must appoint an administrator of unclaimed land in the order itself.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条の三（所有者不明土地管理人の権限） — (Authority of Administrator of Unclaimed Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-3
**第一項** 前条第四項の規定により所有者不明土地管理人が選任された場合には、所有者不明土地管理命令の対象とされた土地又は共有持分及び所有者不明土地管理命令の効力が及ぶ動産並びにその管理、処分その他の事由により所有者不明土地管理人が得た財産（以下「所有者不明土地等」という。）の管理及び処分をする権利は、所有者不明土地管理人に専属する。
art-264-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-3/par-1
If an administrator of unclaimed land is appointed pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (4) of the preceding Article, the right to manage and dispose of the land or co-ownership that is the subject of the administration order for unclaimed land, and movables to which the effect of the administration order for unclaimed land extends, as well as the property obtained by the administrator of unclaimed land due to its management or disposition or other reasons (referred to as "unclaimed land, etc." below), is exclusive to the administrator of unclaimed land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 所有者不明土地管理人が次に掲げる行為の範囲を超える行為をするには、裁判所の許可を得なければならない。ただし、この許可がないことをもって善意の第三者に対抗することはできない。
art-264-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-3/par-2
An administrator of unclaimed land must obtain permission of the court in order to conduct any act beyond the scope of the following acts; provided, however, that the absence of permission may not be duly asserted against a third party acting in good faith.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 保存行為
art-264-3/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-3/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-3/par-2/item-1
acts of preservation;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 所有者不明土地等の性質を変えない範囲内において、その利用又は改良を目的とする行為
art-264-3/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-3/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-3/par-2/item-2
acts for the purpose of use or improvement of land with an unclear record of ownership, etc. to the extent that the nature of the land is not changed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条の四（所有者不明土地等に関する訴えの取扱い） — (Handling of Actions Concerning Unclaimed Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-4
**第一項** 所有者不明土地管理命令が発せられた場合には、所有者不明土地等に関する訴えについては、所有者不明土地管理人を原告又は被告とする。
art-264-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-4/par-1
If an administration order for unclaimed land has been issued, the administrator of unclaimed land is to stand as a plaintiff or defendant in an action concerning the unclaimed land, etc.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条の五（所有者不明土地管理人の義務） — (Duties of an Administrator of Unclaimed Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-5
**第一項** 所有者不明土地管理人は、所有者不明土地等の所有者（その共有持分を有する者を含む。）のために、善良な管理者の注意をもって、その権限を行使しなければならない。
art-264-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-5/par-1
An administrator of unclaimed land must exercise the authority for the owner of unclaimed land, etc. (including those holding a co-ownership share therein) with the care of a prudent manager.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 数人の者の共有持分を対象として所有者不明土地管理命令が発せられたときは、所有者不明土地管理人は、当該所有者不明土地管理命令の対象とされた共有持分を有する者全員のために、誠実かつ公平にその権限を行使しなければならない。
art-264-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-5/par-2
If an administration order for unclaimed land is issued for the co-ownership shares of several persons, an administrator of unclaimed land must exercise the authority in good faith and impartially for the benefit of all persons holding the co-ownership shares that are the subject of the administration order for unclaimed land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条の六（所有者不明土地管理人の解任及び辞任） — (Dismissal and Resignation of an Administrator of Unclaimed Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-6
**第一項** 所有者不明土地管理人がその任務に違反して所有者不明土地等に著しい損害を与えたことその他重要な事由があるときは、裁判所は、利害関係人の請求により、所有者不明土地管理人を解任することができる。
art-264-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-6/par-1
If an administrator of unclaimed land has caused extreme damage to unclaimed land, etc., in violation of the administrator's duties, or if there are other significant reasons, a court may dismiss the administrator of unclaimed land upon the request of an interested person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 所有者不明土地管理人は、正当な事由があるときは、裁判所の許可を得て、辞任することができる。
art-264-6/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-6/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-6/par-2
An administrator of unclaimed land may resign with the permission of the court when there are justifiable grounds.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条の七（所有者不明土地管理人の報酬等） — (Remuneration of an Administrator of Unclaimed Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-7
**第一項** 所有者不明土地管理人は、所有者不明土地等から裁判所が定める額の費用の前払及び報酬を受けることができる。
art-264-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-7/par-1
An administrator of unclaimed land may receive advance payment of expenses, and remuneration in an amount determined by the court from the unclaimed land, etc.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 所有者不明土地管理人による所有者不明土地等の管理に必要な費用及び報酬は、所有者不明土地等の所有者（その共有持分を有する者を含む。）の負担とする。
art-264-7/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-7/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-7/par-2
The expenses and remuneration necessary for the management of unclaimed land, etc. by an administrator of unclaimed land are to be borne by the owner of the unclaimed land, etc. (including those who have co-ownership shares therein).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条の八（所有者不明建物管理命令） — (Administration Order for Unclaimed Buildings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-8
**第一項** 裁判所は、所有者を知ることができず、又はその所在を知ることができない建物（建物が数人の共有に属する場合にあっては、共有者を知ることができず、又はその所在を知ることができない建物の共有持分）について、必要があると認めるときは、利害関係人の請求により、その請求に係る建物又は共有持分を対象として、所有者不明建物管理人（第四項に規定する所有者不明建物管理人をいう。以下この条において同じ。）による管理を命ずる処分（以下この条において「所有者不明建物管理命令」という。）をすることができる。
art-264-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-8/par-1
With regard to a building for which the identity of the owner cannot be ascertained or for which the owner's whereabouts cannot be ascertained (or if the building belongs to several co-owners, a co-ownership share in a building for which the identity of the owner cannot be ascertained or for which the owner's whereabouts cannot be ascertained), the court, finding it necessary, upon the request of an interested person, may issue a disposition to order administration by an administrator for unclaimed building (meaning the administrator of unclaimed building referred to in paragraph (4); the same applies in this Article below) for the building or co-ownership share related to the request (referred to as "administration order for unclaimed buildings" in this Article below).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 所有者不明建物管理命令の効力は、当該所有者不明建物管理命令の対象とされた建物（共有持分を対象として所有者不明建物管理命令が発せられた場合にあっては、共有物である建物）にある動産（当該所有者不明建物管理命令の対象とされた建物の所有者又は共有持分を有する者が所有するものに限る。）及び当該建物を所有し、又は当該建物の共有持分を有するための建物の敷地に関する権利（賃借権その他の使用及び収益を目的とする権利（所有権を除く。）であって、当該所有者不明建物管理命令の対象とされた建物の所有者又は共有持分を有する者が有するものに限る。）に及ぶ。
art-264-8/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-8/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-8/par-2
The effect of an administration order for unclaimed buildings extends to movables (limited to those owned by the owner of the building or the person holding the co-ownership share that is the subject of the administration order for unclaimed buildings ) located in the building (or if the administration order for unclaimed buildings is issued for a co-ownership share, the building that is property in co-ownership) that is the subject of the administration order for unclaimed building, as well as any rights to the building site for the purpose of owning the building or co-ownership shares therein (limited to right of lease or other rights to use and earn profit (excluding ownership rights) held by the owner of the building or the person holding a co-ownership share that is the subject of the administration order for unclaimed buildings).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 所有者不明建物管理命令は、所有者不明建物管理命令が発せられた後に当該所有者不明建物管理命令が取り消された場合において、当該所有者不明建物管理命令の対象とされた建物又は共有持分並びに当該所有者不明建物管理命令の効力が及ぶ動産及び建物の敷地に関する権利の管理、処分その他の事由により所有者不明建物管理人が得た財産について、必要があると認めるときも、することができる。
art-264-8/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-8/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-8/par-3
an administration order for unclaimed buildings, if it is set aside after the issuance that order, may also be issued on the property obtained by the administrator of unclaimed building due to its management or disposition of the building or co-ownership share that is the subject of the administration order for unclaimed buildings as well as movables and rights on a building site to which the effect of the administration order for unclaimed buildings extends, or other reasons, when it is found to be necessary.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 裁判所は、所有者不明建物管理命令をする場合には、当該所有者不明建物管理命令において、所有者不明建物管理人を選任しなければならない。
art-264-8/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-8/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-8/par-4
When issuing an administration order for unclaimed buildings, the court must appoint an administrator of unclaimed building in the order itself.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 第二百六十四条の三から前条までの規定は、所有者不明建物管理命令及び所有者不明建物管理人について準用する。
art-264-8/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-8/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-8/par-5
The provisions of Article 264-3 through the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to an administration order for unclaimed buildings and an administrator of unclaimed buildings.
Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "an administration order for unclaimed buildings and an administrator of unclaimed buildings." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4848/tb
## 第五節 管理不全土地管理命令及び管理不全建物管理命令 — Section 5 Administration Order for Mismanaged Land and Administration Order for Mismanaged Buildings
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-3/sec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-3/sec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-3/sec-5
### 第二百六十四条の九（管理不全土地管理命令） — (Administration Order for Mismanaged Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-9
**第一項** 裁判所は、所有者による土地の管理が不適当であることによって他人の権利又は法律上保護される利益が侵害され、又は侵害されるおそれがある場合において、必要があると認めるときは、利害関係人の請求により、当該土地を対象として、管理不全土地管理人（第三項に規定する管理不全土地管理人をいう。以下同じ。）による管理を命ずる処分（以下「管理不全土地管理命令」という。）をすることができる。
art-264-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-9/par-1
If rights or legally protected interests of another person are infringed upon or are likely to be infringed upon due to inappropriate management of land by its owner, the court, finding it necessary, upon the request of an interested person, may make a disposition to order administration by an administrator of mismanaged land (meaning the administrator of mismanaged land referred to in paragraph (3); the same applies below) for the land (referred to as "administration order for mismanaged land" below)
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 管理不全土地管理命令の効力は、当該管理不全土地管理命令の対象とされた土地にある動産（当該管理不全土地管理命令の対象とされた土地の所有者又はその共有持分を有する者が所有するものに限る。）に及ぶ。
art-264-9/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-9/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-9/par-2
administration order for mismanaged land extends to movables (limited to those owned by the owner of the land that is the subject of the administration order for mismanaged land or the person holding a co-ownership share) located on the land that is the subject of the administration order for mismanaged land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 裁判所は、管理不全土地管理命令をする場合には、当該管理不全土地管理命令において、管理不全土地管理人を選任しなければならない。
art-264-9/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-9/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-9/par-3
When issuing an administration order for mismanaged land, the court must appoint an administrator of mismanaged land in the order itself.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条の十（管理不全土地管理人の権限） — (Authority of Administrator of Mismanaged Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-10
**第一項** 管理不全土地管理人は、管理不全土地管理命令の対象とされた土地及び管理不全土地管理命令の効力が及ぶ動産並びにその管理、処分その他の事由により管理不全土地管理人が得た財産（以下「管理不全土地等」という。）の管理及び処分をする権限を有する。
art-264-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-10/par-1
An administrator of mismanaged land has the authority to manage and dispose of the land that is the subject of the administration order for mismanaged land, and movables to which the effect of the administration order for mismanaged land extends, as well as the property obtained by the administrator of mismanaged land due to management or disposition, or other reasons (referred to as "mismanaged land, etc." below).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 管理不全土地管理人が次に掲げる行為の範囲を超える行為をするには、裁判所の許可を得なければならない。ただし、この許可がないことをもって善意でかつ過失がない第三者に対抗することはできない。
art-264-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-10/par-2
An administrator of mismanaged land must obtain the permission of the court in order to conduct any act beyond the scope of the following acts; provided, however, that the absence of permission may not be duly asserted against a third party acting in good faith and without negligence.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 保存行為
art-264-10/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-10/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-10/par-2/item-1
acts of preservation;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 管理不全土地等の性質を変えない範囲内において、その利用又は改良を目的とする行為
art-264-10/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-10/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-10/par-2/item-2
acts for the purpose of use or improvement of mismanaged land, etc. to the extent that the nature of the land is not changed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 管理不全土地管理命令の対象とされた土地の処分についての前項の許可をするには、その所有者の同意がなければならない。
art-264-10/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-10/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-10/par-3
To grant the permission referred to in the preceding paragraph for the disposal of land that is the subject of an administration order for mismanaged land, the consent of the owner must be obtained.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条の十一（管理不全土地管理人の義務） — (Duties of an Administrator of Mismanaged Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-11 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-11 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-11
**第一項** 管理不全土地管理人は、管理不全土地等の所有者のために、善良な管理者の注意をもって、その権限を行使しなければならない。
art-264-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-11/par-1
An administrator of mismanaged land must exercise the authority for the owner of the mismanaged land, etc., with the care of a prudent manager.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 管理不全土地等が数人の共有に属する場合には、管理不全土地管理人は、その共有持分を有する者全員のために、誠実かつ公平にその権限を行使しなければならない。
art-264-11/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-11/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-11/par-2
If mismanaged land, etc. belongs to several co-owners, an administrator of mismanaged land must exercise the authority faithfully and impartially for the benefit of all of the persons holding co-ownership shares.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条の十二（管理不全土地管理人の解任及び辞任） — (Dismissal and Resignation of an Administrator of Mismanaged Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-12 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-12 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-12
**第一項** 管理不全土地管理人がその任務に違反して管理不全土地等に著しい損害を与えたことその他重要な事由があるときは、裁判所は、利害関係人の請求により、管理不全土地管理人を解任することができる。
art-264-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-12/par-1
If an administrator of mismanaged land has caused extreme damage to mismanaged land, etc. in violation of the administrator's duties, or if there are other important reasons, the court may dismiss the administrator of mismanaged land, upon the request of an interested person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 管理不全土地管理人は、正当な事由があるときは、裁判所の許可を得て、辞任することができる。
art-264-12/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-12/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-12/par-2
An administrator of mismanaged land may resign with the permission of the court when there are justifiable grounds.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条の十三（管理不全土地管理人の報酬等） — (Remuneration of an Administrator of Mismanaged Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-13 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-13 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-13
**第一項** 管理不全土地管理人は、管理不全土地等から裁判所が定める額の費用の前払及び報酬を受けることができる。
art-264-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-13/par-1
An administrator of mismanaged land may receive advance payment of expenses, and remuneration, in an amount determined by the court from the mismanaged land, etc.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 管理不全土地管理人による管理不全土地等の管理に必要な費用及び報酬は、管理不全土地等の所有者の負担とする。
art-264-13/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-13/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-13/par-2
mismanaged land, etc. by an administrator of mismanaged land are to be borne by the owner of the mismanaged land, etc.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条の十四（管理不全建物管理命令） — (Administration Order for Mismanaged Buildings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-14 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-14 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-14
**第一項** 裁判所は、所有者による建物の管理が不適当であることによって他人の権利又は法律上保護される利益が侵害され、又は侵害されるおそれがある場合において、必要があると認めるときは、利害関係人の請求により、当該建物を対象として、管理不全建物管理人（第三項に規定する管理不全建物管理人をいう。第四項において同じ。）による管理を命ずる処分（以下この条において「管理不全建物管理命令」という。）をすることができる。
art-264-14/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-14/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-14/par-1
If rights or legally protected interests of another person are infringed upon or are likely to be infringed upon due to inappropriate management of a building by its owner, finding it necessary, upon the request of an interested person, the court may make a disposition to order administration by an administrator of mismanaged building (meaning the administrator of mismanaged building referred to in paragraph (3); the same applies in paragraph (4)) for the building (referred to as "administration order for mismanaged buildings" in this Article below).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 管理不全建物管理命令は、当該管理不全建物管理命令の対象とされた建物にある動産（当該管理不全建物管理命令の対象とされた建物の所有者又はその共有持分を有する者が所有するものに限る。）及び当該建物を所有するための建物の敷地に関する権利（賃借権その他の使用及び収益を目的とする権利（所有権を除く。）であって、当該管理不全建物管理命令の対象とされた建物の所有者又はその共有持分を有する者が有するものに限る。）に及ぶ。
art-264-14/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-14/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-14/par-2
The effect of an administration order for mismanaged buildings extends to movables (limited to those owned by the owner of the building that is the subject of the administration order for mismanaged buildings or the person holding a co-ownership share therein) located in the building that is the subject of the administration order for mismanaged building, as well as any rights to the building site in order to own the building (limited to right of lease or other rights for the purpose of use and profit (excluding ownership rights) held by the owner of the building or the person holding a co-ownership share in the building that is the subject of the administration order for mismanaged buildings).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 裁判所は、管理不全建物管理命令をする場合には、当該管理不全建物管理命令において、管理不全建物管理人を選任しなければならない。
art-264-14/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-14/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-14/par-3
When issuing an administration order for mismanaged buildings, the court must appoint an administrator of mismanaged building in the order itself.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第二百六十四条の十から前条までの規定は、管理不全建物管理命令及び管理不全建物管理人について準用する。
art-264-14/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-14/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-14/par-4
All provisions from Article 264-10 to the preceding article apply mutatis mutandis to an administration order for mismanaged buildings and an administrator of mismanaged building.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四章 地上権 — Chapter IV Superficies
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-4
### 第二百六十五条（地上権の内容） — (Content of Superficies)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-265 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-265 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-265
**第一項** 地上権者は、他人の土地において工作物又は竹木を所有するため、その土地を使用する権利を有する。
art-265/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-265/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-265/par-1
A superficiary has the right to use another person's land in order to own structures, or trees or bamboo, on that land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十六条（地代） — (Rents)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-266 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-266 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-266
**第一項** 第二百七十四条から第二百七十六条までの規定は、地上権者が土地の所有者に定期の地代を支払わなければならない場合について準用する。
art-266/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-266/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-266/par-1
The provisions of Articles 274 through 276 apply mutatis mutandis if the superficiary must pay periodical rent to the owners of the land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 地代については、前項に規定するもののほか、その性質に反しない限り、賃貸借に関する規定を準用する。
art-266/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-266/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-266/par-2
Beyond what is provided for in the preceding paragraph, provisions on leasehold apply mutatis mutandis to rent to the extent that application is not inconsistent with the nature of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十七条（相隣関係の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions Regarding Neighboring Relationships)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-267 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-267 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-267
**第一項** 前章第一節第二款（相隣関係）の規定は、地上権者間又は地上権者と土地の所有者との間について準用する。ただし、第二百二十九条の規定は、境界線上の工作物が地上権の設定後に設けられた場合に限り、地上権者について準用する。
art-267/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-267/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-267/par-1
The provisions of Section 1, Subsection 2 of the preceding Chapter (Neighboring Relationships) apply mutatis mutandis between superficiaries or between a superficiary and a landowner; provided, however, that the mutatis mutandis application of the provisions of Article 229 to superficiaries is limited to when structures on the boundary line are installed after the establishment of the superficies.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十八条（地上権の存続期間） — (Duration of Superficies)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-268 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-268 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-268
**第一項** 設定行為で地上権の存続期間を定めなかった場合において、別段の慣習がないときは、地上権者は、いつでもその権利を放棄することができる。ただし、地代を支払うべきときは、一年前に予告をし、又は期限の到来していない一年分の地代を支払わなければならない。
art-268/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-268/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-268/par-1
If the duration of superficies is not fixed by the act that established the same and there are no relevant customs, the superficiary may waive that right at any time; provided, however, that if rent must be paid, the superficiary must give notice one year or more in advance or pay rent for one year that has not yet become due and payable.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 地上権者が前項の規定によりその権利を放棄しないときは、裁判所は、当事者の請求により、二十年以上五十年以下の範囲内において、工作物又は竹木の種類及び状況その他地上権の設定当時の事情を考慮して、その存続期間を定める。
art-268/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-268/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-268/par-2
If the superficiary does not waive that right pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the court may, at the request of the parties concerned, fix a duration of 20 years or more but not more than 50 years, taking into consideration the kind and status of the structures, or trees or bamboo and other circumstances at the time of the creation of the superficies.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十九条（工作物等の収去等） — (Removal of Structures)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-269 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-269 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-269
**第一項** 地上権者は、その権利が消滅した時に、土地を原状に復してその工作物及び竹木を収去することができる。ただし、土地の所有者が時価相当額を提供してこれを買い取る旨を通知したときは、地上権者は、正当な理由がなければ、これを拒むことができない。
art-269/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-269/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-269/par-1
When the right of the superficiary is extinguished, the superficiary may restore the land to its original state and remove structures and trees or bamboo on the same; provided, however, that if the owner of the land gives notice that the owner will purchase the same by offering to pay an amount equivalent to the market value, the superficiary may not refuse that offer without reasonable grounds.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定と異なる慣習があるときは、その慣習に従う。
art-269/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-269/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-269/par-2
If there are customs that differ from the provisions of the preceding paragraph, those customs prevail.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十九条の二（地下又は空間を目的とする地上権） — (Superficies for Underground or Airspace)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-269-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-269-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-269-2
**第一項** 地下又は空間は、工作物を所有するため、上下の範囲を定めて地上権の目的とすることができる。この場合においては、設定行為で、地上権の行使のためにその土地の使用に制限を加えることができる。
art-269-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-269-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-269-2/par-1
An underground space or airspace may be established as the subject of superficies for ownership of structures, through the specification of upper and lower extents. In such a case, restrictions on the use of that land may be added in the act that establishes superficies for the purpose of facilitating the exercise of the superficies.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の地上権は、第三者がその土地の使用又は収益をする権利を有する場合においても、その権利又はこれを目的とする権利を有するすべての者の承諾があるときは、設定することができる。この場合において、土地の使用又は収益をする権利を有する者は、その地上権の行使を妨げることができない。
art-269-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-269-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-269-2/par-2
The superficies referred to in the preceding paragraph may be established even if third parties hold the rights to use or profit from the land provided that all persons holding those rights or rights on them give their consent. In such a case, persons that hold the rights to use or profit from the land may not prevent the exercise of the superficies to the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第五章 永小作権 — Chapter V Farming Rights
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-5
### 第二百七十条（永小作権の内容） — (Content of Farming Rights)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-270 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-270 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-270
**第一項** 永小作人は、小作料を支払って他人の土地において耕作又は牧畜をする権利を有する。
art-270/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-270/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-270/par-1
A farming right holder has the right to pay rent and engage in cultivation or livestock farming on another person's land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百七十一条（永小作人による土地の変更の制限） — (Limitations on Alterations to Land by Farming Right Holders)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-271 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-271 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-271
**第一項** 永小作人は、土地に対して、回復することのできない損害を生ずべき変更を加えることができない。
art-271/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-271/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-271/par-1
A farming right holder may not make any alteration of the land that results in irreparable damage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百七十二条（永小作権の譲渡又は土地の賃貸） — (Assignment of Farming Rights or Leasing of Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-272 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-272 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-272
**第一項** 永小作人は、その権利を他人に譲り渡し、又はその権利の存続期間内において耕作若しくは牧畜のため土地を賃貸することができる。ただし、設定行為で禁じたときは、この限りでない。
art-272/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-272/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-272/par-1
A farming right holder may assign the holder's right to another person or lease the land during the duration of the right to cultivate or farm livestock; provided, however, that this does not apply if those acts are prohibited by the act that established that right.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百七十三条（賃貸借に関する規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions Regarding Lease)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-273 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-273 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-273
**第一項** 永小作人の義務については、この章の規定及び設定行為で定めるもののほか、その性質に反しない限り、賃貸借に関する規定を準用する。
art-273/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-273/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-273/par-1
Beyond what is provided for in this Chapter and those provided for in the act of establishment, provisions regarding lease apply mutatis mutandis to the obligations of a farming right holder, to the extent that application is not inconsistent with the nature of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百七十四条（小作料の減免） — (Rent Reductions or Releases)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-274 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-274 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-274
**第一項** 永小作人は、不可抗力により収益について損失を受けたときであっても、小作料の免除又は減額を請求することができない。
art-274/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-274/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-274/par-1
A farming right holder may not demand release from or reduction in the rent even if there is a loss of profits due to force majeure.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百七十五条（永小作権の放棄） — (Waiver of Farming Rights)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-275 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-275 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-275
**第一項** 永小作人は、不可抗力によって、引き続き三年以上全く収益を得ず、又は五年以上小作料より少ない収益を得たときは、その権利を放棄することができる。
art-275/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-275/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-275/par-1
If a farming right holder has gained no profit whatsoever for three or more consecutive years or has gained profits less than the rent for five or more consecutive years due to force majeure, that holder may surrender waive that right.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百七十六条（永小作権の消滅請求） — (Demand for Extinction of Farming Rights)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-276 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-276 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-276
**第一項** 永小作人が引き続き二年以上小作料の支払を怠ったときは、土地の所有者は、永小作権の消滅を請求することができる。
art-276/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-276/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-276/par-1
If a farming right holder fails to pay the rent for two or more consecutive years, the landowner may demand the extinction of the farming right.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百七十七条（永小作権に関する慣習） — (Customs Regarding Farming Rights)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-277 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-277 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-277
**第一項** 第二百七十一条から前条までの規定と異なる慣習があるときは、その慣習に従う。
art-277/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-277/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-277/par-1
If there are customs that differ from the provisions of Article 271 through the preceding Article, those customs prevail.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百七十八条（永小作権の存続期間） — (Duration of Farming Rights)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-278 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-278 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-278
**第一項** 永小作権の存続期間は、二十年以上五十年以下とする。設定行為で五十年より長い期間を定めたときであっても、その期間は、五十年とする。
art-278/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-278/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-278/par-1
The duration of a farming right is 20 years or more and 50 years or less. Even if an act of establishment provides for a period longer than 50 years, the duration is 50 years.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 永小作権の設定は、更新することができる。ただし、その存続期間は、更新の時から五十年を超えることができない。
art-278/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-278/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-278/par-2
The establishment of farming right may be renewed; provided, however, that the duration of that right may not exceed 50 years from the time of renewal.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 設定行為で永小作権の存続期間を定めなかったときは、その期間は、別段の慣習がある場合を除き、三十年とする。
art-278/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-278/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-278/par-3
If an act of establishment does not provide for the duration of the farming right, the duration of that right is 30 years unless there are other customs to the contrary.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百七十九条（工作物等の収去等） — (Removal of Structures)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-279 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-279 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-279
**第一項** 第二百六十九条の規定は、永小作権について準用する。
art-279/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-279/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-279/par-1
The provisions of Article 269 apply mutatis mutandis to farming rights.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第六章 地役権 — Chapter VI Servitudes
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-6
### 第二百八十条（地役権の内容） — (Content of Servitudes)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-280 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-280 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-280
**第一項** 地役権者は、設定行為で定めた目的に従い、他人の土地を自己の土地の便益に供する権利を有する。ただし、第三章第一節（所有権の限界）の規定（公の秩序に関するものに限る。）に違反しないものでなければならない。
art-280/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-280/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-280/par-1
A servitude holder has the right to use another person's land for the convenience of their own lands in accordance with purposes prescribed in the act establishing the servitude; provided, however, that this right must not violate the provisions (limited to those that relate to public policy) under Section 1 of Chapter 3 (Extent of Ownership).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百八十一条（地役権の付従性） — (Accessoriness of Servitudes)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-281 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-281 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-281
**第一項** 地役権は、要役地（地役権者の土地であって、他人の土地から便益を受けるものをいう。以下同じ。）の所有権に従たるものとして、その所有権とともに移転し、又は要役地について存する他の権利の目的となるものとする。ただし、設定行為に別段の定めがあるときは、この限りでない。
art-281/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-281/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-281/par-1
Servitudes are transferred together with the ownership in the dominant land (meaning the land of a servitude holder, enjoying benefits from another person's land; the same applies below) as its appurtenances, and are subject of other rights that exist in relation to the dominant land; provided, however, that this does not apply if the act establishing the servitude provides otherwise.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 地役権は、要役地から分離して譲り渡し、又は他の権利の目的とすることができない。
art-281/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-281/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-281/par-2
Servitudes may neither be transferred nor made the subject of other rights apart from the dominant land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百八十二条（地役権の不可分性） — (Indivisibility of Servitudes)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-282 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-282 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-282
**第一項** 土地の共有者の一人は、その持分につき、その土地のために又はその土地について存する地役権を消滅させることができない。
art-282/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-282/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-282/par-1
One of the co-owners of land may not terminate, with respect to that owner's own interest, a servitude that exists on behalf of or in relation to the land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 土地の分割又はその一部の譲渡の場合には、地役権は、その各部のために又はその各部について存する。ただし、地役権がその性質により土地の一部のみに関するときは、この限りでない。
art-282/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-282/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-282/par-2
If the land is partitioned or portion of the land is transferred to another person, the servitude exists on behalf of or in relation to the respective portions of the same; provided, however, that this does not apply if the servitude, by its nature, relates only to a portion of the land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百八十三条（地役権の時効取得） — (Acquisition of Servitudes by Prescription)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-283 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-283 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-283
**第一項** 地役権は、継続的に行使され、かつ、外形上認識することができるものに限り、時効によって取得することができる。
art-283/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-283/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-283/par-1
A servitude may be acquired by prescription so long as it is continuously exercised and can be externally recognized.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百八十四条
art-284 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-284 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-284
**第一項** 土地の共有者の一人が時効によって地役権を取得したときは、他の共有者も、これを取得する。
art-284/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-284/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-284/par-1
If one of the co-owners of land acquires a servitude by prescription, the other co-owners also acquire the same servitude.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 共有者に対する時効の更新は、地役権を行使する各共有者に対してしなければ、その効力を生じない。
art-284/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-284/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-284/par-2
Renewal of period of prescription does not become effective against co-owners unless it is made against each co-owner that exercises the servitude.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 地役権を行使する共有者が数人ある場合には、その一人について時効の完成猶予の事由があっても、時効は、各共有者のために進行する。
art-284/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-284/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-284/par-3
If there are two or more co-owners that exercise a servitude, even if there is any ground for postponement of expiration of prescription period with respect to one of them, the prescription runs in favor of each co-owner.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百八十五条（用水地役権） — (Servitude for Water Use)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-285 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-285 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-285
**第一項** 用水地役権の承役地（地役権者以外の者の土地であって、要役地の便益に供されるものをいう。以下同じ。）において、水が要役地及び承役地の需要に比して不足するときは、その各土地の需要に応じて、まずこれを生活用に供し、その残余を他の用途に供するものとする。ただし、設定行為に別段の定めがあるときは、この限りでない。
art-285/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-285/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-285/par-1
If water on servient land (meaning a land of a person other than the servitude holder, made available for the benefit of the dominant land; the same applies below) subject to a servitude for water use is insufficient for the demand of the dominant land and the servient land, the water is to be used in proportion to the demand on each parcel of land, firstly for household purposes with the remaining portion used for other purposes; provided, however, that this does not apply if the act establishing the servitude provides otherwise.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 同一の承役地について数個の用水地役権を設定したときは、後の地役権者は、前の地役権者の水の使用を妨げてはならない。
art-285/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-285/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-285/par-2
If more than one servitude for water use is created with respect to the same servient land, the subsequent servitude holders may not prevent the use of water by the previous servitude holders.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百八十六条（承役地の所有者の工作物の設置義務等） — (Obligations of Owners of Servient Land to Install Structures)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-286 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-286 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-286
**第一項** 設定行為又は設定後の契約により、承役地の所有者が自己の費用で地役権の行使のために工作物を設け、又はその修繕をする義務を負担したときは、承役地の所有者の特定承継人も、その義務を負担する。
art-286/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-286/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-286/par-1
If the owner of servient land has borne obligations to install or repair structures for the exercise of a servitude at that owner's own expense by the act establishing the servitude or by a contract concluded after the establishment, specific successors of the owner of the servient land also bear those obligations.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百八十七条
art-287 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-287 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-287
**第一項** 承役地の所有者は、いつでも、地役権に必要な土地の部分の所有権を放棄して地役権者に移転し、これにより前条の義務を免れることができる。
art-287/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-287/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-287/par-1
An owner of servient land may be exempted from obligations of the preceding Article at any time by abandoning the ownership in the portion of the land necessary for the servitude and transferring the same to the servitude holder.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百八十八条（承役地の所有者の工作物の使用） — (Use of Structures by the Owner of Servient Lands)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-288 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-288 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-288
**第一項** 承役地の所有者は、地役権の行使を妨げない範囲内において、その行使のために承役地の上に設けられた工作物を使用することができる。
art-288/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-288/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-288/par-1
The owner of a servient land may use structures installed on the servient land for the exercise of the servitude to the extent the use does not obstruct the exercise of that servitude.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合には、承役地の所有者は、その利益を受ける割合に応じて、工作物の設置及び保存の費用を分担しなければならない。
art-288/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-288/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-288/par-2
In the cases referred to in the preceding paragraph, the owner of the servient land must bear the expense for the installation and preservation of the structures in proportion to the benefit that owner receives.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百八十九条（承役地の時効取得による地役権の消滅） — (Extinction of Servitude by Acquisition by Prescription of Servient Lands)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-289 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-289 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-289
**第一項** 承役地の占有者が取得時効に必要な要件を具備する占有をしたときは、地役権は、これによって消滅する。
art-289/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-289/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-289/par-1
If a possessor of servient land has possessed that land in conformity with the necessary requirements for acquisitive prescription, the servitude is extinguished thereby.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百九十条
art-290 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-290 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-290
**第一項** 前条の規定による地役権の消滅時効は、地役権者がその権利を行使することによって中断する。
art-290/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-290/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-290/par-1
The extinctive prescription under the preceding Article is renewed by the servitude holder exercising the relevant rights.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百九十一条（地役権の消滅時効） — (Extinctive Prescription of Servitudes)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-291 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-291 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-291
**第一項** 第百六十六条第二項に規定する消滅時効の期間は、継続的でなく行使される地役権については最後の行使の時から起算し、継続的に行使される地役権についてはその行使を妨げる事実が生じた時から起算する。
art-291/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-291/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-291/par-1
The period of the extinctive prescription provided for in Article 166, paragraph (2) commences upon the final exercise of the servitude if the servitude is not exercised continuously, and upon the occurrence of a fact that prevents the exercise of the servitude if the servitude is exercised continuously.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百九十二条
art-292 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-292 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-292
**第一項** 要役地が数人の共有に属する場合において、その一人のために時効の完成猶予又は更新があるときは、その完成猶予又は更新は、他の共有者のためにも、その効力を生ずる。
art-292/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-292/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-292/par-1
If dominant land is co-owned by more than one person, and expiry of prescription period is postponed or prescription period is renewed in favor of one co-owner, the postponement of expiration of prescription period or the renewal of prescription period is also effective for the benefit of other co-owners.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百九十三条
art-293 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-293 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-293
**第一項** 地役権者がその権利の一部を行使しないときは、その部分のみが時効によって消滅する。
art-293/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-293/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-293/par-1
If a servitude holder does not exercise a portion of that holder's rights, only that portion is extinguished by prescription.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百九十四条（共有の性質を有しない入会権） — (Rights of Common without the Nature of Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-294 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-294 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-294
**第一項** 共有の性質を有しない入会権については、各地方の慣習に従うほか、この章の規定を準用する。
art-294/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-294/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-294/par-1
Rights of common that do not have the nature of co-ownership are governed by local customs and are otherwise subject to the mutatis mutandis application of the provisions of this Chapter.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第七章 留置権 — Chapter VII Rights of Retention
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-7
### 第二百九十五条（留置権の内容） — (Content of Rights of Retention)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-295 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-295 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-295
**第一項** 他人の物の占有者は、その物に関して生じた債権を有するときは、その債権の弁済を受けるまで、その物を留置することができる。ただし、その債権が弁済期にないときは、この限りでない。
art-295/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-295/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-295/par-1
If a possessor of a thing belonging to another person has a claim that has arisen in relation to that thing, that possessor may retain that thing until that claim is satisfied; provided, however, that this does not apply if the relevant claim has not yet fallen due.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、占有が不法行為によって始まった場合には、適用しない。
art-295/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-295/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-295/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if possession commenced by means of a tort act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百九十六条（留置権の不可分性） — (Indivisibility of Rights of Retention)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-296 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-296 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-296
**第一項** 留置権者は、債権の全部の弁済を受けるまでは、留置物の全部についてその権利を行使することができる。
art-296/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-296/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-296/par-1
A holder of a right of retention may exercise that holder's rights against the whole of the thing retained until the relevant claim is satisfied in its entirety.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百九十七条（留置権者による果実の収取） — (Collection of Fruits by Holders of Rights of Retention)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-297 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-297 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-297
**第一項** 留置権者は、留置物から生ずる果実を収取し、他の債権者に先立って、これを自己の債権の弁済に充当することができる。
art-297/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-297/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-297/par-1
A holder of a right of retention may collect fruits derived from the thing retained, and appropriate the same to the satisfaction of that holder's own claim before other obligees.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の果実は、まず債権の利息に充当し、なお残余があるときは元本に充当しなければならない。
art-297/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-297/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-297/par-2
The fruits referred to in the preceding paragraph must be appropriated first to the payment of interest on the claim, and any remainder must be appropriated to the satisfaction of the principal.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百九十八条（留置権者による留置物の保管等） — (Custody of Thing Retained by Holders of Rights of Retention)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-298 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-298 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-298
**第一項** 留置権者は、善良な管理者の注意をもって、留置物を占有しなければならない。
art-298/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-298/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-298/par-1
The holder of a right of retention must possess the thing retained with the due care of a prudent manager.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 留置権者は、債務者の承諾を得なければ、留置物を使用し、賃貸し、又は担保に供することができない。ただし、その物の保存に必要な使用をすることは、この限りでない。
art-298/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-298/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-298/par-2
The holder of the right of retention may not use, lease or provide as a security the thing retained unless that holder obtains the consent of the obligor; provided, however, that this does not apply to uses necessary for the preservation of that thing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 留置権者が前二項の規定に違反したときは、債務者は、留置権の消滅を請求することができる。
art-298/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-298/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-298/par-3
If the holder of a right of retention violates the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, the obligor may demand that the right of retention be terminated.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百九十九条（留置権者による費用の償還請求） — (Demands for Reimbursement of Expenses by Holders of Rights of Retention)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-299 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-299 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-299
**第一項** 留置権者は、留置物について必要費を支出したときは、所有者にその償還をさせることができる。
art-299/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-299/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-299/par-1
If the holder of a right of retention incurs necessary expenses with respect to the thing retained, that holder may have the owner reimburse the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 留置権者は、留置物について有益費を支出したときは、これによる価格の増加が現存する場合に限り、所有者の選択に従い、その支出した金額又は増価額を償還させることができる。ただし、裁判所は、所有者の請求により、その償還について相当の期限を許与することができる。
art-299/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-299/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-299/par-2
If the holder of a right of retention incurs beneficial expenses with respect to the thing retained, to the extent that there is currently an increase in value as a result of the same, that holder may have the expenses incurred or the increase in value reimbursed at the owner's choice; provided, however, that the court may, at the request of the owner, grant a reasonable period of time for the reimbursement of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百条（留置権の行使と債権の消滅時効） — (Exercise of Rights of Retention and Extinctive Prescription of Claims)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-300 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-300 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-300
**第一項** 留置権の行使は、債権の消滅時効の進行を妨げない。
art-300/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-300/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-300/par-1
The exercise of a right of retention does not preclude the running of extinctive prescription of claims.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百一条（担保の供与による留置権の消滅） — (Extinction of Rights of Retention by Provision of Security)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-301 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-301 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-301
**第一項** 債務者は、相当の担保を供して、留置権の消滅を請求することができる。
art-301/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-301/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-301/par-1
An obligor may demand that a right of retention be terminated by providing a reasonable security.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百二条（占有の喪失による留置権の消滅） — (Extinction of Rights of Retention by Loss of Possession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-302 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-302 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-302
**第一項** 留置権は、留置権者が留置物の占有を失うことによって、消滅する。ただし、第二百九十八条第二項の規定により留置物を賃貸し、又は質権の目的としたときは、この限りでない。
art-302/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-302/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-302/par-1
A right of retention is extinguished if the holder of the right of retention loses possession of the thing retained; provided, however, that this does not apply if the thing retained is leased or it is made the subject of a pledge pursuant to the provisions of Article 298, paragraph (2).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第八章 先取特権 — Chapter VIII Statutory Liens
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-8
## 第一節 総則 — Section 1 General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-8/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-8/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-8/sec-1
### 第三百三条（先取特権の内容） — (Content of Statutory Liens)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-303 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-303 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-303
**第一項** 先取特権者は、この法律その他の法律の規定に従い、その債務者の財産について、他の債権者に先立って自己の債権の弁済を受ける権利を有する。
art-303/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-303/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-303/par-1
The holder of a statutory lien has the rights to have that holder's own claim satisfied before other obligees out of the assets of the relevant obligor in accordance with the provisions of laws including this Act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百四条（物上代位） — (Extension of Security Interest to Proceeds of Collateral)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-304 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-304 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-304
**第一項** 先取特権は、その目的物の売却、賃貸、滅失又は損傷によって債務者が受けるべき金銭その他の物に対しても、行使することができる。ただし、先取特権者は、その払渡し又は引渡しの前に差押えをしなければならない。
art-304/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-304/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-304/par-1
A statutory lien may also be exercised against things including monies that the obligor is to receive as a result of the sale, lease or loss of, or damage to, the subject matter of the statutory lien; provided, however, that the holder of the statutory lien must attach the same before the payment or delivery of the monies or other thing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債務者が先取特権の目的物につき設定した物権の対価についても、前項と同様とする。
art-304/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-304/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-304/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph also apply to the consideration for real rights created by the obligor on the subject matter of the statutory lien.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百五条（先取特権の不可分性） — (Indivisibility of Statutory Liens)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-305 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-305 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-305
**第一項** 第二百九十六条の規定は、先取特権について準用する。
art-305/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-305/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-305/par-1
The provisions of Article 296 apply mutatis mutandis to statutory liens.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二節 先取特権の種類 — Section 2 Kinds of Statutory Liens
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-8/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-8/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-8/sec-2
## 第一款 一般の先取特権 — Subsection 1 General Statutory Lien
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-8/sec-2/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-8/sec-2/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-8/sec-2/subsec-1
### 第三百六条（一般の先取特権） — (General Statutory Lien)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-306 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-306 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-306
**第一項** 次に掲げる原因によって生じた債権を有する者は、債務者の総財産について先取特権を有する。
art-306/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-306/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-306/par-1
A person that has a claim arising from the causes stated below has a statutory lien over the entire assets of the obligor:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 共益の費用
art-306/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-306/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-306/par-1/item-1
expenses for the common benefit;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 雇用関係
art-306/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-306/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-306/par-1/item-2
an employer-employee relationship;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 子の監護の費用
art-306/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-306/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-306/par-1/item-3
expenses for the custody of a child;
machine translation, not official
**四** 葬式の費用
art-306/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-306/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-306/par-1/item-4
funeral expenses; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**五** 日用品の供給
art-306/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-306/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-306/par-1/item-5
the supply of daily necessaries.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百七条（共益費用の先取特権） — (Statutory Liens for Expenses for Common Benefit)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-307 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-307 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-307
**第一項** 共益の費用の先取特権は、各債権者の共同の利益のためにされた債務者の財産の保存、清算又は配当に関する費用について存在する。
art-307/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-307/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-307/par-1
Statutory liens for expenses for the common benefit exist with respect to the expenses of preservation, liquidation or distribution of the assets of the obligor incurred for the common benefit of all obligees.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の費用のうちすべての債権者に有益でなかったものについては、先取特権は、その費用によって利益を受けた債権者に対してのみ存在する。
art-307/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-307/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-307/par-2
With respect to expenses referred to in the preceding paragraph that were not beneficial for all obligees, the statutory lien exists solely in relation to obligees that benefited from those expenses.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百八条（雇用関係の先取特権） — (Statutory Liens for Employment Relationships)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-308 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-308 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-308
**第一項** 雇用関係の先取特権は、給料その他債務者と使用人との間の雇用関係に基づいて生じた債権について存在する。
art-308/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-308/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-308/par-1
Statutory liens for employment relationships exist with respect to salaries and other claims that arise from the employer-employee relationship between the obligor and the employee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百八条の二（子の監護費用の先取特権） — Statutory Lien for Child Custody Expenses
caption: machine translation, not official
art-308-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-308-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-308-2
**第一項** 子の監護の費用の先取特権は、次に掲げる義務に係る確定期限の定めのある定期金債権の各期における定期金のうち子の監護に要する費用として相当な額（子の監護に要する標準的な費用その他の事情を勘案して当該定期金により扶養を受けるべき子の数に応じて法務省令で定めるところにより算定した額）について存在する。
art-308-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-308-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-308-2/par-1
A statutory lien for expenses for the custody of a child exists with respect to the amount appropriate as expenses required for the custody of a child (meaning the amount calculated, as provided by Ministry of Justice Order in accordance with the number of children who are to be supported by the periodic payments, taking into account the standard expenses required for the custody of a child and other circumstances), out of the periodic payments for each period under a claim for periodic payments with a fixed due date that arises from any of the following obligations:
machine translation, not official
**一** 第七百五十二条の規定による夫婦間の協力及び扶助の義務
art-308-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-308-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-308-2/par-1/item-1
the duty between the husband and wife to cooperate and be of assistance to each other under the provisions of Article 752;
machine translation, not official
**二** 第七百六十条の規定による婚姻から生ずる費用の分担の義務
art-308-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-308-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-308-2/par-1/item-2
the duty regarding the sharing of expenses that arise from marriage under the provisions of Article 760;
machine translation, not official
**三** 第七百六十六条及び第七百六十六条の三（これらの規定を第七百四十九条、第七百七十一条及び第七百八十八条において準用する場合を含む。）の規定による子の監護に関する義務
art-308-2/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-308-2/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-308-2/par-1/item-3
the duty relating to the custody of a child under the provisions of Article 766 and Article 766-3 (including where these provisions are applied mutatis mutandis under Article 749, Article 771, and Article 788);
machine translation, not official
**四** 第八百七十七条から第八百八十条までの規定による扶養の義務
art-308-2/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-308-2/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-308-2/par-1/item-4
the duty of support under the provisions of Article 877 through Article 880.
machine translation, not official
### 第三百九条（葬式費用の先取特権） — (Statutory Liens for Funeral Expenses)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-309 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-309 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-309
**第一項** 葬式の費用の先取特権は、債務者のためにされた葬式の費用のうち相当な額について存在する。
art-309/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-309/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-309/par-1
Statutory liens for funeral expenses exist with respect to the reasonable expenses of a funeral held for the obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の先取特権は、債務者がその扶養すべき親族のためにした葬式の費用のうち相当な額についても存在する。
art-309/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-309/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-309/par-2
The statutory lien referred to in the preceding paragraph also exists with respect to the reasonable expenses of a funeral held by the obligor for a relative whom the obligor is bound to support.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百十条（日用品供給の先取特権） — (Statutory Liens for Daily Necessaries)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-310 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-310 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-310
**第一項** 日用品の供給の先取特権は、債務者又はその扶養すべき同居の親族及びその家事使用人の生活に必要な最後の六箇月間の飲食料品、燃料及び電気の供給について存在する。
art-310/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-310/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-310/par-1
Statutory liens for daily necessaries exist with respect to the supply of food and drink items, fuel and electricity for the most recent six months required for the household of the obligor or cohabiting relatives whom the obligor is bound to support and the domestic servants of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二款 動産の先取特権 — Subsection 2 Statutory Liens over Movables
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-8/sec-2/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-8/sec-2/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-8/sec-2/subsec-2
### 第三百十一条（動産の先取特権） — (Statutory Liens over Movables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-311 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-311 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-311
**第一項** 次に掲げる原因によって生じた債権を有する者は、債務者の特定の動産について先取特権を有する。
art-311/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-311/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-311/par-1
A person that has a claim arising from the causes stated below has a statutory lien against specific movables of the obligor:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 不動産の賃貸借
art-311/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-311/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-311/par-1/item-1
a lease of immovables;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 旅館の宿泊
art-311/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-311/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-311/par-1/item-2
a lodging at a hotel;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 旅客又は荷物の運輸
art-311/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-311/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-311/par-1/item-3
the transportation of passengers or luggage;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 動産の保存
art-311/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-311/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-311/par-1/item-4
the preservation of movables;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**五** 動産の売買
art-311/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-311/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-311/par-1/item-5
the sale of movables;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**六** 種苗又は肥料（蚕種又は蚕の飼養に供した桑葉を含む。以下同じ。）の供給
art-311/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-311/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-311/par-1/item-6
the supply of seeds and seedlings or fertilizer (including eggs of silkworms or mulberry leaves provided to feed silkworms; the same applies below);
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**七** 農業の労務
art-311/par-1/item-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-311/par-1/item-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-311/par-1/item-7
agricultural labor; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**八** 工業の労務
art-311/par-1/item-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-311/par-1/item-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-311/par-1/item-8
industrial labor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百十二条（不動産賃貸の先取特権） — (Statutory Liens for Leases of Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-312 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-312 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-312
**第一項** 不動産の賃貸の先取特権は、その不動産の賃料その他の賃貸借関係から生じた賃借人の債務に関し、賃借人の動産について存在する。
art-312/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-312/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-312/par-1
Statutory liens for a lease of immovables exist against the movables of the lessee in connection with the rent of the relevant immovables and other obligations of the lessee that arise from that lease relationship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百十三条（不動産賃貸の先取特権の目的物の範囲） — (Scope of Subject Matter of Statutory Liens for Leases of Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-313 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-313 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-313
**第一項** 土地の賃貸人の先取特権は、その土地又はその利用のための建物に備え付けられた動産、その土地の利用に供された動産及び賃借人が占有するその土地の果実について存在する。
art-313/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-313/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-313/par-1
The statutory lien of a lessor of land exists against movables furnished to that land or buildings for the use of that land, movables provided for the use of that land, and fruits of that land in the possession of the lessee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 建物の賃貸人の先取特権は、賃借人がその建物に備え付けた動産について存在する。
art-313/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-313/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-313/par-2
The statutory lien of a lessor of a building exists against movables furnished to that building by the lessee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百十四条
art-314 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-314 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-314
**第一項** 賃借権の譲渡又は転貸の場合には、賃貸人の先取特権は、譲受人又は転借人の動産にも及ぶ。譲渡人又は転貸人が受けるべき金銭についても、同様とする。
art-314/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-314/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-314/par-1
In the case of an assignment of lease or subleasing, the statutory lien of the lessor extends to the movables of the assignee or sublessee. The same applies to monies that the assignor or sublessor is to receive.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百十五条（不動産賃貸の先取特権の被担保債権の範囲） — (Scope of Secured Claims under Statutory Liens for Leases of Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-315 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-315 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-315
**第一項** 賃借人の財産のすべてを清算する場合には、賃貸人の先取特権は、前期、当期及び次期の賃料その他の債務並びに前期及び当期に生じた損害の賠償債務についてのみ存在する。
art-315/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-315/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-315/par-1
When all of the lessee's assets are to be liquidated, the statutory lien of the lessor exists only with respect to the rent and other obligations for the previous, current and next terms, and obligations to compensate for damage that arise in the previous and current terms.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百十六条
art-316 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-316 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-316
**第一項** 賃貸人は、第六百二十二条の二第一項に規定する敷金を受け取っている場合には、その敷金で弁済を受けない債権の部分についてのみ先取特権を有する。
art-316/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-316/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-316/par-1
If a lessor has received a security deposit prescribed in Article 622-2, paragraph (1), the lessor has a statutory lien solely against the portion of the lessor's claim that will not be satisfied by that security deposit.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百十七条（旅館宿泊の先取特権） — (Statutory Liens for Lodging at Hotels)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-317 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-317 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-317
**第一項** 旅館の宿泊の先取特権は、宿泊客が負担すべき宿泊料及び飲食料に関し、その旅館に在るその宿泊客の手荷物について存在する。
art-317/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-317/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-317/par-1
Statutory lien for lodging at hotels exist against the hand luggage of a hotel guest left at that hotel, in connection with room charges, and food and beverage charges, that should be borne by the hotel guest.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百十八条（運輸の先取特権） — (Statutory Liens for Transportation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-318 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-318 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-318
**第一項** 運輸の先取特権は、旅客又は荷物の運送賃及び付随の費用に関し、運送人の占有する荷物について存在する。
art-318/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-318/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-318/par-1
Statutory liens for transportation exist against luggage in the possession of the carrier, in connection with transportation charges for passengers or freight charges for luggage and expenses incidental to the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百十九条（即時取得の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Good Faith Acquisition)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-319 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-319 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-319
**第一項** 第百九十二条から第百九十五条までの規定は、第三百十二条から前条までの規定による先取特権について準用する。
art-319/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-319/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-319/par-1
The provisions of Articles 192 through 195 apply mutatis mutandis to statutory liens under the provisions of Article 312 through the preceding Article.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百二十条（動産保存の先取特権） — (Statutory Liens for Preservation of Movables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-320 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-320 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-320
**第一項** 動産の保存の先取特権は、動産の保存のために要した費用又は動産に関する権利の保存、承認若しくは実行のために要した費用に関し、その動産について存在する。
art-320/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-320/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-320/par-1
Statutory liens for the preservation of movables exist against movables, in connection with expenses required for the preservation of those movables, or expenses required for the preservation, approval or enforcement of rights regarding those movables.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百二十一条（動産売買の先取特権） — (Statutory Liens for Sale of Movables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-321 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-321 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-321
**第一項** 動産の売買の先取特権は、動産の代価及びその利息に関し、その動産について存在する。
art-321/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-321/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-321/par-1
Statutory liens for the sale of movables exist against movables, in connection with the price of those movables and interest on the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百二十二条（種苗又は肥料の供給の先取特権） — (Statutory Liens for Supply of Seeds and Seedlings or Fertilizer)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-322 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-322 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-322
**第一項** 種苗又は肥料の供給の先取特権は、種苗又は肥料の代価及びその利息に関し、その種苗又は肥料を用いた後一年以内にこれを用いた土地から生じた果実（蚕種又は蚕の飼養に供した桑葉の使用によって生じた物を含む。）について存在する。
art-322/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-322/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-322/par-1
Statutory liens for the supply of seeds and seedlings or fertilizer exist against fruits (including eggs of silk worms or any thing derived from the use of mulberry leaves provided to feed silkworms) derived from land where the seeds and seedlings or fertilizer were used, within one year of that use, in connection with the price of those seeds and seedlings or fertilizer and interest on the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百二十三条（農業労務の先取特権） — (Statutory Liens for Agricultural Labor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-323 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-323 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-323
**第一項** 農業の労務の先取特権は、その労務に従事する者の最後の一年間の賃金に関し、その労務によって生じた果実について存在する。
art-323/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-323/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-323/par-1
Statutory liens for agricultural labor exist against fruits derived from labor, in connection with the most recent year's wages of the person who engages in that labor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百二十四条（工業労務の先取特権） — (Statutory Liens for Industrial Labor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-324 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-324 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-324
**第一項** 工業の労務の先取特権は、その労務に従事する者の最後の三箇月間の賃金に関し、その労務によって生じた製作物について存在する。
art-324/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-324/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-324/par-1
Statutory liens for industrial labor exist against manufactured things derived from labor, in connection with the most recent three months' wages of the person who engages in that labor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三款 不動産の先取特権 — Subsection 3 Statutory Liens for Immovables
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-8/sec-2/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-8/sec-2/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-8/sec-2/subsec-3
### 第三百二十五条（不動産の先取特権） — (Statutory Liens for Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-325 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-325 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-325
**第一項** 次に掲げる原因によって生じた債権を有する者は、債務者の特定の不動産について先取特権を有する。
art-325/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-325/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-325/par-1
A person that has a claim arising from the causes stated below has a statutory lien over specific immovables of the obligor:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 不動産の保存
art-325/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-325/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-325/par-1/item-1
the preservation of immovables;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 不動産の工事
art-325/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-325/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-325/par-1/item-2
construction work for immovables; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 不動産の売買
art-325/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-325/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-325/par-1/item-3
the sale of immovables.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百二十六条（不動産保存の先取特権） — (Statutory Liens for Preservation of Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-326 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-326 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-326
**第一項** 不動産の保存の先取特権は、不動産の保存のために要した費用又は不動産に関する権利の保存、承認若しくは実行のために要した費用に関し、その不動産について存在する。
art-326/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-326/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-326/par-1
Statutory liens for the preservation of immovables exist against the relevant immovables, in connection with the expenses required for the preservation of the immovables or the expenses required for the preservation, approval or enforcement of rights regarding the immovables.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百二十七条（不動産工事の先取特権） — (Statutory Liens for Construction Work for Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-327 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-327 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-327
**第一項** 不動産の工事の先取特権は、工事の設計、施工又は監理をする者が債務者の不動産に関してした工事の費用に関し、その不動産について存在する。
art-327/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-327/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-327/par-1
Statutory lien for construction work for immovables exists, with respect to immovables, in connection with the expenses of construction work performed by a person that designs, constructs or supervises construction regarding the immovables of the obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の先取特権は、工事によって生じた不動産の価格の増加が現存する場合に限り、その増価額についてのみ存在する。
art-327/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-327/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-327/par-2
The statutory liens referred to in the preceding paragraph exist with respect to the relevant increased value alone, but only if there is a current increase in the value of the immovables resulting from the construction work.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百二十八条（不動産売買の先取特権） — (Statutory Liens for Sales of Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-328 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-328 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-328
**第一項** 不動産の売買の先取特権は、不動産の代価及びその利息に関し、その不動産について存在する。
art-328/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-328/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-328/par-1
Statutory liens for sales of immovables exist, with respect to immovables, in connection with the price of the immovables and interest on the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三節 先取特権の順位 — Section 3 Order of Priority of Statutory Liens
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-8/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-8/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-8/sec-3
### 第三百二十九条（一般の先取特権の順位） — (Order of Priority of General Statutory Liens)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-329 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-329 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-329
**第一項** 一般の先取特権が互いに競合する場合には、その優先権の順位は、第三百六条各号に掲げる順序に従う。
art-329/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-329/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-329/par-1
If there are competing general statutory liens, the order of priority follows the order stated in each item of Article 306.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 一般の先取特権と特別の先取特権とが競合する場合には、特別の先取特権は、一般の先取特権に優先する。ただし、共益の費用の先取特権は、その利益を受けたすべての債権者に対して優先する効力を有する。
art-329/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-329/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-329/par-2
If there is a conflict between a general statutory lien and a special statutory lien, the special statutory lien has priority over the general statutory lien; provided, however, that statutory liens on expenses for the common benefit have priority being effective against all obligees who benefit from the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百三十条（動産の先取特権の順位） — (Order of Priority of Statutory Liens over Movables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-330 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-330 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-330
**第一項** 同一の動産について特別の先取特権が互いに競合する場合には、その優先権の順位は、次に掲げる順序に従う。この場合において、第二号に掲げる動産の保存の先取特権について数人の保存者があるときは、後の保存者が前の保存者に優先する。
art-330/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-330/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-330/par-1
If there are competing special statutory liens against the same movables, the order of priority follows the order stated below. In this case, if there are two or more preservers with respect to the statutory liens for preservation of movables stated in item (ii), a new preserver has priority over previous preservers:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 不動産の賃貸、旅館の宿泊及び運輸の先取特権
art-330/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-330/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-330/par-1/item-1
statutory liens for leases of immovables, lodging at hotels and transportation;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 動産の保存の先取特権
art-330/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-330/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-330/par-1/item-2
statutory liens for the preservation of movables; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 動産の売買、種苗又は肥料の供給、農業の労務及び工業の労務の先取特権
art-330/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-330/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-330/par-1/item-3
statutory liens for the sale of movables, the supply of seeds and seedlings or fertilizer, agricultural labor and industrial labor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合において、第一順位の先取特権者は、その債権取得の時において第二順位又は第三順位の先取特権者があることを知っていたときは、これらの者に対して優先権を行使することができない。第一順位の先取特権者のために物を保存した者に対しても、同様とする。
art-330/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-330/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-330/par-2
In the cases referred to in the preceding paragraph, if a holder of a statutory lien ranked first knew at the time of acquiring the relevant claim of the existence of a holder of a statutory lien of the second or third rank, that holder may not exercise the relevant rights of priority against those persons. The same applies to the exercise against persons that have preserved things on behalf of the holder of a statutory lien of the first rank.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 果実に関しては、第一の順位は農業の労務に従事する者に、第二の順位は種苗又は肥料の供給者に、第三の順位は土地の賃貸人に属する。
art-330/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-330/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-330/par-3
Regarding fruits, the first rank belongs to persons who engage in agricultural labor, the second rank belongs to persons that supply seeds and seedlings or fertilizer, and the third rank belongs to lessors of land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百三十一条（不動産の先取特権の順位） — (Order of Priority of Statutory Liens over Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-331 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-331 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-331
**第一項** 同一の不動産について特別の先取特権が互いに競合する場合には、その優先権の順位は、第三百二十五条各号に掲げる順序に従う。
art-331/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-331/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-331/par-1
If there is a conflict among special statutory liens against the same immovables, the order of priority follows the order stated in the items of Article 325.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 同一の不動産について売買が順次された場合には、売主相互間における不動産売買の先取特権の優先権の順位は、売買の前後による。
art-331/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-331/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-331/par-2
If the same immovables are subject to successive sales, the order of priority of the statutory liens for the sale of the immovables among sellers follows the chronological order of the sales.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百三十二条（同一順位の先取特権） — (Statutory Liens with Same Priority)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-332 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-332 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-332
**第一項** 同一の目的物について同一順位の先取特権者が数人あるときは、各先取特権者は、その債権額の割合に応じて弁済を受ける。
art-332/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-332/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-332/par-1
If there are two or more holders of statutory liens with the same priority with respect to the same object, the holders of statutory liens are paid in proportion to the amounts of their claims.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四節 先取特権の効力 — Section 4 Effect of Statutory Liens
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-8/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-8/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-8/sec-4
### 第三百三十三条（先取特権と第三取得者） — (Statutory Liens and Third Party Acquirers)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-333 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-333 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-333
**第一項** 先取特権は、債務者がその目的である動産をその第三取得者に引き渡した後は、その動産について行使することができない。
art-333/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-333/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-333/par-1
Statutory liens may not be exercised against the movables that are the subject of the same after the obligors have delivered those movables to third party acquirers.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百三十四条（先取特権と動産質権との競合） — (Conflict between Statutory Liens and Pledges on Movables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-334 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-334 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-334
**第一項** 先取特権と動産質権とが競合する場合には、動産質権者は、第三百三十条の規定による第一順位の先取特権者と同一の権利を有する。
art-334/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-334/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-334/par-1
If there is a conflict between a statutory lien and a pledge on movables, the pledgee of those movables has the same rights as those of the holder of a statutory lien of the first rank under Article 330.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百三十五条（一般の先取特権の効力） — (Effect of General Statutory Liens)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-335 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-335 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-335
**第一項** 一般の先取特権者は、まず不動産以外の財産から弁済を受け、なお不足があるのでなければ、不動産から弁済を受けることができない。
art-335/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-335/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-335/par-1
Holders of general statutory liens may not be paid out of immovables unless they are first paid out of property other than immovables and a claim that is not satisfied remains.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 一般の先取特権者は、不動産については、まず特別担保の目的とされていないものから弁済を受けなければならない。
art-335/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-335/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-335/par-2
With respect to immovables, holders of general statutory liens must first be paid out of those that are not the subject of special security.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 一般の先取特権者は、前二項の規定に従って配当に加入することを怠ったときは、その配当加入をしたならば弁済を受けることができた額については、登記をした第三者に対してその先取特権を行使することができない。
art-335/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-335/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-335/par-3
If holders of general statutory liens fail to participate in distributions in accordance with the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, they may not exercise their statutory liens against registered third parties with respect to amounts that would have been paid to them if they had participated in the distribution.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前三項の規定は、不動産以外の財産の代価に先立って不動産の代価を配当し、又は他の不動産の代価に先立って特別担保の目的である不動産の代価を配当する場合には、適用しない。
art-335/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-335/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-335/par-4
The provisions of the preceding three paragraphs do not apply if the proceeds of immovables are distributed before the proceeds of assets other than immovables, or if the proceeds of immovables that are the subject of a special security are distributed before the proceeds of other immovables.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百三十六条（一般の先取特権の対抗力） — (Perfection of General Statutory Liens)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-336 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-336 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-336
**第一項** 一般の先取特権は、不動産について登記をしなくても、特別担保を有しない債権者に対抗することができる。ただし、登記をした第三者に対しては、この限りでない。
art-336/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-336/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-336/par-1
General statutory liens may be duly asserted against obligees without special security, even if the liens are not registered with respect to the relevant immovables; provided, however, that this does not apply to registered third parties.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百三十七条（不動産保存の先取特権の登記） — (Registration of Statutory Liens for Preservation of Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-337 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-337 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-337
**第一項** 不動産の保存の先取特権の効力を保存するためには、保存行為が完了した後直ちに登記をしなければならない。
art-337/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-337/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-337/par-1
In order to preserve the effectiveness of statutory liens for preservation of immovables, registration must be carried out immediately after the completion of the act of preservation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百三十八条（不動産工事の先取特権の登記） — (Registration of Statutory Liens for Construction Work for Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-338 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-338 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-338
**第一項** 不動産の工事の先取特権の効力を保存するためには、工事を始める前にその費用の予算額を登記しなければならない。この場合において、工事の費用が予算額を超えるときは、先取特権は、その超過額については存在しない。
art-338/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-338/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-338/par-1
In order to preserve the effectiveness of statutory liens for construction work for immovables, the budgeted expenses of the construction work must be registered before the commencement of the same. In this case, if the expenses of the construction work exceed the budgeted amount, a statutory lien does not exist with respect to the amount in excess of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 工事によって生じた不動産の増価額は、配当加入の時に、裁判所が選任した鑑定人に評価させなければならない。
art-338/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-338/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-338/par-2
The amount of increase in value of immovables that resulted from construction work must be evaluated by an appraiser appointed by the court at the time of the participation in the distribution.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百三十九条（登記をした不動産保存又は不動産工事の先取特権） — (Registered Statutory Liens for Preservation of Immovables or Construction Work for Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-339 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-339 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-339
**第一項** 前二条の規定に従って登記をした先取特権は、抵当権に先立って行使することができる。
art-339/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-339/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-339/par-1
Statutory liens registered in accordance with the provisions of the preceding two Articles may be exercised before mortgages.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百四十条（不動産売買の先取特権の登記） — (Registration of Statutory Liens for Sales of Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-340 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-340 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-340
**第一項** 不動産の売買の先取特権の効力を保存するためには、売買契約と同時に、不動産の代価又はその利息の弁済がされていない旨を登記しなければならない。
art-340/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-340/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-340/par-1
In order to preserve the effectiveness of statutory liens for the sale of immovables, a statement to the effect that the price of the immovables or interest on the same has not been paid must be registered simultaneously with the execution of the sales contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百四十一条（抵当権に関する規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions Regarding Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-341 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-341 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-341
**第一項** 先取特権の効力については、この節に定めるもののほか、その性質に反しない限り、抵当権に関する規定を準用する。
art-341/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-341/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-341/par-1
Beyond what is provided for in this Section, the provisions regarding mortgages apply mutatis mutandis to the effects of statutory liens, provided that it is not inconsistent with the nature of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第九章 質権 — Chapter IX Pledges
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-9
## 第一節 総則 — Section 1 General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-9/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-9/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-9/sec-1
### 第三百四十二条（質権の内容） — (Content of Pledges)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-342 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-342 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-342
**第一項** 質権者は、その債権の担保として債務者又は第三者から受け取った物を占有し、かつ、その物について他の債権者に先立って自己の債権の弁済を受ける権利を有する。
art-342/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-342/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-342/par-1
A pledgee has the right to possess a thing received from an obligor or a third party as security for their claims and to have their own claims paid before other obligees out of that thing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百四十三条（質権の目的） — (Subject of Pledges)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-343 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-343 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-343
**第一項** 質権は、譲り渡すことができない物をその目的とすることができない。
art-343/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-343/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-343/par-1
A thing that cannot be transferred to another person may not be made the subject of a pledge.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百四十四条（質権の設定） — (Creation of Pledges)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-344 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-344 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-344
**第一項** 質権の設定は、債権者にその目的物を引き渡すことによって、その効力を生ずる。
art-344/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-344/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-344/par-1
The creation of a pledge becomes effective through delivery of the subject matter of the pledge to the obligee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百四十五条（質権設定者による代理占有の禁止） — (Prohibition of Possession through Pledgors as Agents)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-345 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-345 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-345
**第一項** 質権者は、質権設定者に、自己に代わって質物の占有をさせることができない。
art-345/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-345/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-345/par-1
A pledgee may not allow a pledgor to possess the thing pledged on behalf of the pledgee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百四十六条（質権の被担保債権の範囲） — (Scope of Secured Claims Under Pledges)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-346 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-346 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-346
**第一項** 質権は、元本、利息、違約金、質権の実行の費用、質物の保存の費用及び債務の不履行又は質物の隠れた瑕疵によって生じた損害の賠償を担保する。ただし、設定行為に別段の定めがあるときは、この限りでない。
art-346/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-346/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-346/par-1
A pledges secures the principal, interest, penalties, expenses of enforcing the pledge, expense of preserving the thing pledged and the compensation of damage arising from failure to perform obligations or latent defects in the thing pledged; provided, however, that this does not apply if the act establishing the pledge provides otherwise.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百四十七条（質物の留置） — (Retention of the Thing Pledged)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-347 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-347 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-347
**第一項** 質権者は、前条に規定する債権の弁済を受けるまでは、質物を留置することができる。ただし、この権利は、自己に対して優先権を有する債権者に対抗することができない。
art-347/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-347/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-347/par-1
The pledgee may retain the thing pledged until the claims provided for in the preceding Article are satisfied; provided, however, that this right may not be duly asserted against an obligee that has priority over the pledgee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百四十八条（転質） — (Subpledges)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-348 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-348 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-348
**第一項** 質権者は、その権利の存続期間内において、自己の責任で、質物について、転質をすることができる。この場合において、転質をしたことによって生じた損失については、不可抗力によるものであっても、その責任を負う。
art-348/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-348/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-348/par-1
The pledgee may subpledge the thing pledged within the duration of the pledgee's right, upon the pledgee's own responsibility. In this case, the pledgee is responsible for any loss arising from the subpledge even if the same is caused by force majeure.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百四十九条（契約による質物の処分の禁止） — (Prohibition on Disposition of the Thing Pledged by Contract)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-349 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-349 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-349
**第一項** 質権設定者は、設定行為又は債務の弁済期前の契約において、質権者に弁済として質物の所有権を取得させ、その他法律に定める方法によらないで質物を処分させることを約することができない。
art-349/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-349/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-349/par-1
The pledgor may not, either by the acts establishing pledges or by contracts made before the due dates for the obligations, allow the pledgee to acquire ownership of the thing pledged as satisfaction of the obligations, nor promise to allow the pledgee to dispose of it in any manner other than is prescribed by law.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百五十条（留置権及び先取特権の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Rights of Retention and Statutory Liens)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-350 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-350 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-350
**第一項** 第二百九十六条から第三百条まで及び第三百四条の規定は、質権について準用する。
art-350/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-350/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-350/par-1
The provisions of Articles 296 through 300 and those of Article 304 apply mutatis mutandis to pledges.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百五十一条（物上保証人の求償権） — (Third-Party Collateral Providers' Rights to Reimbursement)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-351 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-351 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-351
**第一項** 他人の債務を担保するため質権を設定した者は、その債務を弁済し、又は質権の実行によって質物の所有権を失ったときは、保証債務に関する規定に従い、債務者に対して求償権を有する。
art-351/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-351/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-351/par-1
If a person that creates a pledge to secure an obligation of another person performs that obligation or loses ownership of the thing pledged due to the enforcement of the pledge, that person has the right to reimbursement from the obligor in accordance with the provisions regarding guarantee obligations.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二節 動産質 — Section 2 Pledges on Movables
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-9/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-9/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-9/sec-2
### 第三百五十二条（動産質の対抗要件） — (Requirements for the Perfection of Pledges on Movables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-352 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-352 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-352
**第一項** 動産質権者は、継続して質物を占有しなければ、その質権をもって第三者に対抗することができない。
art-352/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-352/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-352/par-1
A pledgee of movables may not duly assert the pledge against third parties unless that pledgee is in continuous possession of the thing pledged.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百五十三条（質物の占有の回復） — (Recovery of Possession of the Thing Pledged)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-353 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-353 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-353
**第一項** 動産質権者は、質物の占有を奪われたときは、占有回収の訴えによってのみ、その質物を回復することができる。
art-353/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-353/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-353/par-1
A pledgee of movables may, if the pledged thing is usurped, recover the same solely by filing an action for recovery of possession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百五十四条（動産質権の実行） — (Enforcement of Pledges on Movables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-354 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-354 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-354
**第一項** 動産質権者は、その債権の弁済を受けないときは、正当な理由がある場合に限り、鑑定人の評価に従い質物をもって直ちに弁済に充てることを裁判所に請求することができる。この場合において、動産質権者は、あらかじめ、その請求をする旨を債務者に通知しなければならない。
art-354/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-354/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-354/par-1
If the claim of a pledgee of movables is not satisfied, the pledgee may make a request to the court seeking the immediate appropriation of the thing pledged for the satisfaction of that claim in accordance with the evaluation of an appraiser only when there are reasonable grounds. In this case, the pledgee of movables must notify the obligor in advance of the request.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百五十五条（動産質権の順位） — (Order of Priority of Pledges on Movables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-355 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-355 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-355
**第一項** 同一の動産について数個の質権が設定されたときは、その質権の順位は、設定の前後による。
art-355/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-355/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-355/par-1
If more than one pledge is created with respect to the same movables, the order of priority of those pledges follow the chronological order of their creation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三節 不動産質 — Section 3 Pledges of Immovables
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-9/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-9/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-9/sec-3
### 第三百五十六条（不動産質権者による使用及び収益） — (Use of and Obtaining Profit from Immovables by Pledgees)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-356 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-356 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-356
**第一項** 不動産質権者は、質権の目的である不動産の用法に従い、その使用及び収益をすることができる。
art-356/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-356/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-356/par-1
The pledgee of immovables may use and profit from the immovables that are the subject of a pledge in line with the way the relevant immovables are used.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百五十七条（不動産質権者による管理の費用等の負担） — (Management Expenses Borne by Pledgees of Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-357 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-357 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-357
**第一項** 不動産質権者は、管理の費用を支払い、その他不動産に関する負担を負う。
art-357/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-357/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-357/par-1
The pledgee of immovables pays the expenses of management and otherwise bear burdens in relation to the immovables.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百五十八条（不動産質権者による利息の請求の禁止） — (Prohibition on Demanding Interest by Pledgees of Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-358 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-358 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-358
**第一項** 不動産質権者は、その債権の利息を請求することができない。
art-358/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-358/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-358/par-1
The pledgee of immovables may not demand interest on the relevant claim.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百五十九条（設定行為に別段の定めがある場合等） — (Special Provisions in Act of Establishment)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-359 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-359 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-359
**第一項** 前三条の規定は、設定行為に別段の定めがあるとき、又は担保不動産収益執行（民事執行法第百八十条第二号に規定する担保不動産収益執行をいう。以下同じ。）の開始があったときは、適用しない。
art-359/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-359/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-359/par-1
The provisions of the preceding three Articles do not apply if the acts establishing pledges provide otherwise or enforcement against earnings from secured immovable property (referring to the enforcement against earnings from secured immovable property provided for in Article 180, item (ii) of the Civil Execution Act; the same applies below) has been commenced.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百六十条（不動産質権の存続期間） — (Duration of Pledges of Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-360 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-360 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-360
**第一項** 不動産質権の存続期間は、十年を超えることができない。設定行為でこれより長い期間を定めたときであっても、その期間は、十年とする。
art-360/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-360/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-360/par-1
The duration of pledges of immovables may not exceed 10 years. Even if a longer period is provided for in the act establishing the pledge, the duration of the same is 10 years.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 不動産質権の設定は、更新することができる。ただし、その存続期間は、更新の時から十年を超えることができない。
art-360/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-360/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-360/par-2
The creation of pledges of immovables may be renewed; provided, however, that the duration of the same may not exceed 10 years from the time of the renewal.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百六十一条（抵当権の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-361 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-361 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-361
**第一項** 不動産質権については、この節に定めるもののほか、その性質に反しない限り、次章（抵当権）の規定を準用する。
art-361/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-361/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-361/par-1
Beyond what is provided for in this Section, the provisions of the next Chapter (Mortgages) apply mutatis mutandis to pledges of immovables, provided that it is not inconsistent with the nature of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四節 権利質 — Section 4 Pledges of Rights
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-9/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-9/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-9/sec-4
### 第三百六十二条（権利質の目的等） — (Subject of Pledges of Rights)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-362 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-362 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-362
**第一項** 質権は、財産権をその目的とすることができる。
art-362/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-362/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-362/par-1
A pledge may have a property right for its subject.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の質権については、この節に定めるもののほか、その性質に反しない限り、前三節（総則、動産質及び不動産質）の規定を準用する。
art-362/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-362/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-362/par-2
Beyond what is provided for in this Section, the provisions of the preceding three Sections (General Provisions, Pledges on Movables and Pledges of Immovables) apply mutatis mutandis to pledges referred to in the preceding paragraph, provided that it is not inconsistent with the nature of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百六十三条 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-363 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-363 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-363
**第一項** 削除
art-363/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-363/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-363/par-1
Deleted
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百六十四条（債権を目的とする質権の対抗要件） — (Requirements for Perfection of Pledges over Claims)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-364 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-364 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-364
**第一項** 債権を目的とする質権の設定（現に発生していない債権を目的とするものを含む。）は、第四百六十七条の規定に従い、第三債務者にその質権の設定を通知し、又は第三債務者がこれを承諾しなければ、これをもって第三債務者その他の第三者に対抗することができない。
art-364/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-364/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-364/par-1
The creation of a pledge over a claim (including a pledge over a claim which has not yet arisen) may not be duly asserted against a third party obligor and other third parties unless notice of the creation of the pledge is given to that third party obligor in accordance with the provisions of Article 467, or unless that third party obligors gives consent to the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百六十五条 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-365 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-365 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-365
**第一項** 削除
art-365/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-365/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-365/par-1
Deleted
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百六十六条（質権者による債権の取立て等） — (Collection of Claims by Pledgees)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-366 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-366 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-366
**第一項** 質権者は、質権の目的である債権を直接に取り立てることができる。
art-366/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-366/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-366/par-1
A pledgee may directly collect the claim that is the subject of the pledge.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債権の目的物が金銭であるときは、質権者は、自己の債権額に対応する部分に限り、これを取り立てることができる。
art-366/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-366/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-366/par-2
If monies are the subject matter of a pledged claim, the pledgee may collect the same to the extent of the portion that corresponds to the amount of the pledgee's own claim.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項の債権の弁済期が質権者の債権の弁済期前に到来したときは、質権者は、第三債務者にその弁済をすべき金額を供託させることができる。この場合において、質権は、その供託金について存在する。
art-366/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-366/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-366/par-3
If the due date of the pledged claim referred to in the preceding paragraph arrives before the due date of the claim of the pledgee, the pledgee may have the third party obligor deposit with official depository that amount to be paid to the pledgee. In this case, the pledge exists over the amount so deposited.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 債権の目的物が金銭でないときは、質権者は、弁済として受けた物について質権を有する。
art-366/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-366/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-366/par-4
If the subject matter of the pledged claim is not monies, the pledgee has the pledge over the thing received for the satisfaction of the claim.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百六十七条から第三百六十八条まで 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-367-to-368 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-367-to-368 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-367-to-368
**第一項** 削除
art-367-to-368/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-367-to-368/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-367-to-368/par-1
no English for this paragraph
## 第十章 抵当権 — Chapter X Mortgages
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-10
## 第一節 総則 — Section 1 General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-10/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-10/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-10/sec-1
### 第三百六十九条（抵当権の内容） — (Content of Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-369 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-369 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-369
**第一項** 抵当権者は、債務者又は第三者が占有を移転しないで債務の担保に供した不動産について、他の債権者に先立って自己の債権の弁済を受ける権利を有する。
art-369/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-369/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-369/par-1
A mortgagee has the right to have the mortgagee's claim satisfied before other obligees out of the immovables that the obligor or a third party provided to secure the obligation without transferring possession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 地上権及び永小作権も、抵当権の目的とすることができる。この場合においては、この章の規定を準用する。
art-369/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-369/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-369/par-2
Superficies and farming rights may be the subject of a mortgage. In this case, the provisions of this Chapter apply mutatis mutandis.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百七十条（抵当権の効力の及ぶ範囲） — (Scope of Effect of Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-370 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-370 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-370
**第一項** 抵当権は、抵当地の上に存する建物を除き、その目的である不動産（以下「抵当不動産」という。）に付加して一体となっている物に及ぶ。ただし、設定行為に別段の定めがある場合及び債務者の行為について第四百二十四条第三項に規定する詐害行為取消請求をすることができる場合は、この限りでない。
art-370/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-370/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-370/par-1
A mortgage extends to the things that form an integral part of the immovables that are the subject of the mortgage (referred to as "mortgaged immovables" below) except for buildings on the mortgaged land; provided, however, that this does not apply if the act establishing the mortgage provides otherwise or the revocation of fraudulent act may be demanded as prescribed in Article 424, paragraph (3) with regard to the act of the obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百七十一条
art-371 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-371 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-371
**第一項** 抵当権は、その担保する債権について不履行があったときは、その後に生じた抵当不動産の果実に及ぶ。
art-371/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-371/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-371/par-1
If there is a default with respect to a claim secured by a mortgage, the mortgage extends to the fruits of the mortgaged immovables derived after the default.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百七十二条（留置権等の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Right of Retention)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-372 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-372 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-372
**第一項** 第二百九十六条、第三百四条及び第三百五十一条の規定は、抵当権について準用する。
art-372/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-372/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-372/par-1
The provisions of Article 296, Article 304 and Article 351 apply mutatis mutandis to mortgages.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二節 抵当権の効力 — Section 2 Effect of Mortgages
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-10/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-10/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-10/sec-2
### 第三百七十三条（抵当権の順位） — (Order of Priority of Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-373 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-373 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-373
**第一項** 同一の不動産について数個の抵当権が設定されたときは、その抵当権の順位は、登記の前後による。
art-373/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-373/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-373/par-1
If more than one mortgage is created with respect to the same immovables, the order of priority of those mortgages follows the chronological order of their registration.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百七十四条（抵当権の順位の変更） — (Changes in Order of Priority of Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-374 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-374 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-374
**第一項** 抵当権の順位は、各抵当権者の合意によって変更することができる。ただし、利害関係を有する者があるときは、その承諾を得なければならない。
art-374/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-374/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-374/par-1
The order of priority of mortgages may be changed with the agreement of all mortgagees; provided, however, that if there are interested persons, the consent of the same must be obtained.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定による順位の変更は、その登記をしなければ、その効力を生じない。
art-374/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-374/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-374/par-2
The changes in order referred to in the preceding paragraph do not become effective unless registered.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百七十五条（抵当権の被担保債権の範囲） — (Scope of Secured Claims Under Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-375 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-375 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-375
**第一項** 抵当権者は、利息その他の定期金を請求する権利を有するときは、その満期となった最後の二年分についてのみ、その抵当権を行使することができる。ただし、それ以前の定期金についても、満期後に特別の登記をしたときは、その登記の時からその抵当権を行使することを妨げない。
art-375/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-375/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-375/par-1
If a mortgagee has the right to demand periodic payments including interest, that mortgagee may exercise the mortgage solely with respect to payments of the last two years before maturity; provided, however, that with respect to prior periodic payments, if special registration is effected after maturity, the mortgagee is not precluded from exercising the mortgage as from the time of that registration.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、抵当権者が債務の不履行によって生じた損害の賠償を請求する権利を有する場合におけるその最後の二年分についても適用する。ただし、利息その他の定期金と通算して二年分を超えることができない。
art-375/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-375/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-375/par-2
If the mortgagee has the right to claim compensation for damage resulting from defaults in obligations, the provisions of the preceding paragraph also apply to the damage of the most recent two years; provided, however, that the aggregate period including the interest and other periodic payments may not exceed two years.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百七十六条（抵当権の処分） — (Disposition of Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-376 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-376 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-376
**第一項** 抵当権者は、その抵当権を他の債権の担保とし、又は同一の債務者に対する他の債権者の利益のためにその抵当権若しくはその順位を譲渡し、若しくは放棄することができる。
art-376/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-376/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-376/par-1
A mortgagee may apply the mortgage to secure other claims, or assign or waive that mortgage, or its order of priority, for the benefit of other obligees of the same obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合において、抵当権者が数人のためにその抵当権の処分をしたときは、その処分の利益を受ける者の権利の順位は、抵当権の登記にした付記の前後による。
art-376/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-376/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-376/par-2
In the cases referred to in the preceding paragraph, if a mortgagee disposes of the mortgage for the benefit of two or more persons, the order of priority of the rights of persons who benefit from that disposition follows the chronological order of supplemental registration in the registration of the mortgage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百七十七条（抵当権の処分の対抗要件） — (Requirements for Perfection of Disposition of Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-377 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-377 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-377
**第一項** 前条の場合には、第四百六十七条の規定に従い、主たる債務者に抵当権の処分を通知し、又は主たる債務者がこれを承諾しなければ、これをもって主たる債務者、保証人、抵当権設定者及びこれらの者の承継人に対抗することができない。
art-377/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-377/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-377/par-1
In the cases in the preceding Article, the mortgagee may not duly assert the disposition of mortgages against principal obligors, guarantors, mortgagors or their respective successors unless the disposition is notified to the principal obligors or the principal obligors consent to that disposition in accordance with the provisions of Article 467.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 主たる債務者が前項の規定により通知を受け、又は承諾をしたときは、抵当権の処分の利益を受ける者の承諾を得ないでした弁済は、その受益者に対抗することができない。
art-377/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-377/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-377/par-2
If the principal obligors have received the notice or given the consent pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, payments made without the consent of the persons who benefit of the disposition of the mortgage may not be duly asserted against those beneficiaries.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百七十八条（代価弁済） — (Direct Satisfaction of Mortgage with Purchase Price)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-378 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-378 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-378
**第一項** 抵当不動産について所有権又は地上権を買い受けた第三者が、抵当権者の請求に応じてその抵当権者にその代価を弁済したときは、抵当権は、その第三者のために消滅する。
art-378/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-378/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-378/par-1
If a third party that purchases the ownership or superficies of a mortgaged immovables pays the price of the same to a mortgagee at the request of the same mortgagee, that mortgage is terminated for the benefit of that third party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百七十九条（抵当権消滅請求） — (Claims for Extinguishment of Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-379 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-379 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-379
**第一項** 抵当不動産の第三取得者は、第三百八十三条の定めるところにより、抵当権消滅請求をすることができる。
art-379/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-379/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-379/par-1
A third party acquirer of a mortgaged immovables may make a claim for the extinguishment of a mortgage as prescribed in Article 383.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百八十条
art-380 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-380 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-380
**第一項** 主たる債務者、保証人及びこれらの者の承継人は、抵当権消滅請求をすることができない。
art-380/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-380/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-380/par-1
No principal obligor, guarantor or successor of the same may make a claim for the extinguishment of a mortgage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百八十一条
art-381 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-381 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-381
**第一項** 抵当不動産の停止条件付第三取得者は、その停止条件の成否が未定である間は、抵当権消滅請求をすることができない。
art-381/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-381/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-381/par-1
A third party acquirer of a mortgaged immovables that is subject to a condition precedent may not make a claim for the extinguishment of a mortgage while it is uncertain whether or not the condition precedent will be fulfilled.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百八十二条（抵当権消滅請求の時期） — (Timing of Claims for Extinguishment of Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-382 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-382 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-382
**第一項** 抵当不動産の第三取得者は、抵当権の実行としての競売による差押えの効力が発生する前に、抵当権消滅請求をしなければならない。
art-382/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-382/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-382/par-1
A third party acquirer of a mortgaged immovables must make a claim for the extinguishment of a mortgage before seizure under auction procedure as a result of the enforcement of the mortgage takes effect.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百八十三条（抵当権消滅請求の手続） — (Procedures for Claims for Extinguishment of Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-383 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-383 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-383
**第一項** 抵当不動産の第三取得者は、抵当権消滅請求をするときは、登記をした各債権者に対し、次に掲げる書面を送付しなければならない。
art-383/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-383/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-383/par-1
If a third party acquirer of a mortgaged immovables makes a claim for the extinguishment of a mortgage, that third party must send the documents stated below to each registered obligee:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 取得の原因及び年月日、譲渡人及び取得者の氏名及び住所並びに抵当不動産の性質、所在及び代価その他取得者の負担を記載した書面
art-383/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-383/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-383/par-1/item-1
a document that specifies the cause and date of the acquisition, the name and address of the assignor and the acquirer, the nature, location and price of the mortgaged immovables and burdens of the acquirer;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 抵当不動産に関する登記事項証明書（現に効力を有する登記事項のすべてを証明したものに限る。）
art-383/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-383/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-383/par-1/item-2
a certificate of registered information regarding the mortgaged immovables (limited to certificates certifying all registered information currently in effect); and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 債権者が二箇月以内に抵当権を実行して競売の申立てをしないときは、抵当不動産の第三取得者が第一号に規定する代価又は特に指定した金額を債権の順位に従って弁済し又は供託すべき旨を記載した書面
art-383/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-383/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-383/par-1/item-3
a document to the effect that, if an obligee does not enforce the mortgage by filing a petition for auction within two months, the third party acquirer of the mortgaged immovables will pay the price provided for in item (i) or an amount specifically fixed in accordance with the order of priority of claims, or deposit the price or that amount with official depository.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百八十四条（債権者のみなし承諾） — (Deemed Approval of Obligees)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-384 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-384 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-384
**第一項** 次に掲げる場合には、前条各号に掲げる書面の送付を受けた債権者は、抵当不動産の第三取得者が同条第三号に掲げる書面に記載したところにより提供した同号の代価又は金額を承諾したものとみなす。
art-384/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-384/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-384/par-1
In the cases stated below, the obligee that has received the documents stated in each item of the preceding Article is deemed to have approved the price or amount that the third party acquirer of the mortgaged immovables has offered as stated in the document stated in item (iii) of that Article:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** その債権者が前条各号に掲げる書面の送付を受けた後二箇月以内に抵当権を実行して競売の申立てをしないとき。
art-384/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-384/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-384/par-1/item-1
if the obligee does not enforce the mortgage by filing a petition for auction within two months after receipt of the documents stated in each item of the preceding Article;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** その債権者が前号の申立てを取り下げたとき。
art-384/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-384/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-384/par-1/item-2
if the obligee withdraws a petition under the preceding item;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 第一号の申立てを却下する旨の決定が確定したとき。
art-384/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-384/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-384/par-1/item-3
if a decision dismissing a petition under item (i) has become final and binding; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 第一号の申立てに基づく競売の手続を取り消す旨の決定（民事執行法第百八十八条において準用する同法第六十三条第三項若しくは第六十八条の三第三項の規定又は同法第百八十三条第一項第二号ニに掲げる文書が提出された場合における同条第二項の規定による決定を除く。）が確定したとき。
art-384/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-384/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-384/par-1/item-4
if a decision revoking auction procedures based on a petition under item (i) (excluding rulings under the provisions of Article 63, paragraph (3) or Article 68-3, paragraph (3) of the Civil Enforcement Act applied mutatis mutandis under Article 188 of that Act, or under the provisions of Article 183, paragraph (2) of that Act if the document set out in paragraph (1), item (ii), (d) of that Article is submitted) has become final and binding.
machine translation, not official
### 第三百八十五条（競売の申立ての通知） — (Notice of Petitions for Auction)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-385 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-385 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-385
**第一項** 第三百八十三条各号に掲げる書面の送付を受けた債権者は、前条第一号の申立てをするときは、同号の期間内に、債務者及び抵当不動産の譲渡人にその旨を通知しなければならない。
art-385/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-385/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-385/par-1
If an obligee that has received the documents stated in each item of Article 383 files a petition under item (i) of the preceding Article, that obligee must give notice to that effect to the obligor and assignor of the mortgaged immovables within the period under that item.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百八十六条（抵当権消滅請求の効果） — (Effect of Claims for Extinguishment of Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-386 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-386 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-386
**第一項** 登記をしたすべての債権者が抵当不動産の第三取得者の提供した代価又は金額を承諾し、かつ、抵当不動産の第三取得者がその承諾を得た代価又は金額を払い渡し又は供託したときは、抵当権は、消滅する。
art-386/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-386/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-386/par-1
A mortgage is extinguished if all registered obligees approve the price or amount offered by the third party acquirer of the mortgaged immovables, and the third party acquirer of the mortgaged immovables has paid or deposited with the official depository the price or amount approved.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百八十七条（抵当権者の同意の登記がある場合の賃貸借の対抗力） — (Perfection of Leases with Registered Consent of Mortgagees)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-387 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-387 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-387
**第一項** 登記をした賃貸借は、その登記前に登記をした抵当権を有するすべての者が同意をし、かつ、その同意の登記があるときは、その同意をした抵当権者に対抗することができる。
art-387/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-387/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-387/par-1
A registered lease may be duly asserted against mortgagees that hold mortgages registered before the registration of that lease if all mortgagees that hold those mortgages give their consent and those consents are registered.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 抵当権者が前項の同意をするには、その抵当権を目的とする権利を有する者その他抵当権者の同意によって不利益を受けるべき者の承諾を得なければならない。
art-387/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-387/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-387/par-2
For a mortgagee to give the consent referred to in the preceding paragraph, the approval of the persons that hold rights for which the mortgage is the subject matter and other persons who should suffer detriment as a result of the consent of the mortgagee must be obtained.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百八十八条（法定地上権） — (Statutory Superficies)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-388 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-388 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-388
**第一項** 土地及びその上に存する建物が同一の所有者に属する場合において、その土地又は建物につき抵当権が設定され、その実行により所有者を異にするに至ったときは、その建物について、地上権が設定されたものとみなす。この場合において、地代は、当事者の請求により、裁判所が定める。
art-388/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-388/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-388/par-1
If the land and a building on that land belong to the same owner, a mortgage is created with respect to that land or building, and the enforcement of that mortgage causes them to belong to different owners, it is deemed that a superficies has been created with respect to that building. In this case, the rent is fixed by the court at the request of the parties.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百八十九条（抵当地の上の建物の競売） — (Auction of Buildings on Mortgaged Lands)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-389 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-389 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-389
**第一項** 抵当権の設定後に抵当地に建物が築造されたときは、抵当権者は、土地とともにその建物を競売することができる。ただし、その優先権は、土地の代価についてのみ行使することができる。
art-389/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-389/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-389/par-1
If a building is constructed on a mortgaged land after the creation of a mortgage, the mortgagee may auction the building together with the land; provided, however, that the right of priority of that mortgagee may be exercised solely against the proceeds of the land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、その建物の所有者が抵当地を占有するについて抵当権者に対抗することができる権利を有する場合には、適用しない。
art-389/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-389/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-389/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the owner of that building has rights with respect to the possession of the mortgaged land that may be duly asserted against the mortgagee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十条（抵当不動産の第三取得者による買受け） — (Purchases of Mortgaged Immovables by Third Party Acquirers)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-390 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-390 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-390
**第一項** 抵当不動産の第三取得者は、その競売において買受人となることができる。
art-390/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-390/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-390/par-1
A third party acquirer of a mortgaged immovables may be the purchaser at the auction of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十一条（抵当不動産の第三取得者による費用の償還請求） — (Claims for Reimbursement of Expenses by Third Party Acquirers of Mortgaged Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-391 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-391 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-391
**第一項** 抵当不動産の第三取得者は、抵当不動産について必要費又は有益費を支出したときは、第百九十六条の区別に従い、抵当不動産の代価から、他の債権者より先にその償還を受けることができる。
art-391/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-391/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-391/par-1
If a third party acquirer of a mortgaged immovables has incurred necessary or beneficial expenses with respect to the mortgaged immovables, that third party may obtain reimbursement of the same out of the proceeds of the mortgaged immovables before other obligees, in accordance with the distinctions in Article 196.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十二条（共同抵当における代価の配当） — (Distribution of Proceeds in Cases of Joint Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-392 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-392 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-392
**第一項** 債権者が同一の債権の担保として数個の不動産につき抵当権を有する場合において、同時にその代価を配当すべきときは、その各不動産の価額に応じて、その債権の負担を按分する。
art-392/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-392/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-392/par-1
If an obligee holds mortgages on several immovable properties to secure the same claim, and the proceeds of those immovable properties are to be distributed simultaneously, the burden of the claim is divided in proportion to the value of each of the immovable properties.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債権者が同一の債権の担保として数個の不動産につき抵当権を有する場合において、ある不動産の代価のみを配当すべきときは、抵当権者は、その代価から債権の全部の弁済を受けることができる。この場合において、次順位の抵当権者は、その弁済を受ける抵当権者が前項の規定に従い他の不動産の代価から弁済を受けるべき金額を限度として、その抵当権者に代位して抵当権を行使することができる。
art-392/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-392/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-392/par-2
If an obligee holds mortgages on several immovable properties to secure the same claim, and the proceeds from only one of the immovable properties are to be distributed, the mortgagee may receive the payment of the entire claim out of those proceeds. In this case, subordinated mortgagees may exercise their mortgages in subrogation of that mortgagee, up to the amount that that mortgagee that receives payment would otherwise be entitled to receive from the proceeds of other immovables, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十三条（共同抵当における代位の付記登記） — (Supplemental Registration of Subrogation in Case of Joint Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-393 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-393 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-393
**第一項** 前条第二項後段の規定により代位によって抵当権を行使する者は、その抵当権の登記にその代位を付記することができる。
art-393/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-393/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-393/par-1
A person that exercises a mortgage by way of subrogation pursuant to the provisions of the second sentence of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article may note that subrogation in the registration of that mortgage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十四条（抵当不動産以外の財産からの弁済） — (Payment from Assets Other Than Mortgaged Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-394 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-394 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-394
**第一項** 抵当権者は、抵当不動産の代価から弁済を受けない債権の部分についてのみ、他の財産から弁済を受けることができる。
art-394/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-394/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-394/par-1
A mortgagee may receive payment from assets other than the mortgaged immovables only for the portion of that mortgagee's claim that is not paid from the proceeds of the relevant mortgaged immovables.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、抵当不動産の代価に先立って他の財産の代価を配当すべき場合には、適用しない。この場合において、他の各債権者は、抵当権者に同項の規定による弁済を受けさせるため、抵当権者に配当すべき金額の供託を請求することができる。
art-394/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-394/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-394/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the proceeds of other assets are to be distributed before the proceeds of the mortgaged immovables. In these cases, each other obligee may demand that the amount to be distributed to the mortgagee be deposited in order to have the mortgagee receive payment under the provisions of that paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十五条（抵当建物使用者の引渡しの猶予） — (Suspension of Delivery by Users of Mortgaged Buildings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-395 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-395 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-395
**第一項** 抵当権者に対抗することができない賃貸借により抵当権の目的である建物の使用又は収益をする者であって次に掲げるもの（次項において「抵当建物使用者」という。）は、その建物の競売における買受人の買受けの時から六箇月を経過するまでは、その建物を買受人に引き渡すことを要しない。
art-395/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-395/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-395/par-1
A person that uses or profits from a building subject to a mortgage by virtue of a lease that cannot be duly asserted against the mortgagee, and that is stated as follows (in the following paragraph referred to as "mortgaged building user") is not required to deliver that building to the purchaser of that building until six months have passed from the time when the purchaser purchased that building at auction:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 競売手続の開始前から使用又は収益をする者
art-395/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-395/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-395/par-1/item-1
a person that has been using or profiting from the building since before the commencement of auction procedures; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 強制管理又は担保不動産収益執行の管理人が競売手続の開始後にした賃貸借により使用又は収益をする者
art-395/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-395/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-395/par-1/item-2
a person that is using or profiting from the building by virtue of a lease given after the commencement of auction procedures by the administrator of compulsory administration or enforcement against earnings from secured immovable property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、買受人の買受けの時より後に同項の建物の使用をしたことの対価について、買受人が抵当建物使用者に対し相当の期間を定めてその一箇月分以上の支払の催告をし、その相当の期間内に履行がない場合には、適用しない。
art-395/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-395/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-395/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the purchaser, specifying a reasonable period of time, issues a notice to the mortgaged building user demanding payment of consideration for a period of one month or more with respect to the use of the building referred to in that paragraph that has been made after the time of purchase by the purchaser, and no payment is made within that reasonable period of time.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三節 抵当権の消滅 — Section 3 Extinction of Mortgages
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-10/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-10/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-10/sec-3
### 第三百九十六条（抵当権の消滅時効） — (Extinctive Prescription of Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-396 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-396 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-396
**第一項** 抵当権は、債務者及び抵当権設定者に対しては、その担保する債権と同時でなければ、時効によって消滅しない。
art-396/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-396/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-396/par-1
No mortgage is extinguished by prescription in relation to obligors and mortgagors unless it is extinguished simultaneously with the claim the mortgage secures.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十七条（抵当不動産の時効取得による抵当権の消滅） — (Extinction of Mortgages by Acquisition by Prescription of Mortgaged Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-397 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-397 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-397
**第一項** 債務者又は抵当権設定者でない者が抵当不動産について取得時効に必要な要件を具備する占有をしたときは、抵当権は、これによって消滅する。
art-397/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-397/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-397/par-1
If a person that is neither an obligor nor a mortgagor has possessed the mortgaged immovables in complete conformity with the requirements for acquisitive prescription, the mortgage is extinguished thereby.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十八条（抵当権の目的である地上権等の放棄） — (Renunciation of Mortgaged Superficies)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-398 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398
**第一項** 地上権又は永小作権を抵当権の目的とした地上権者又は永小作人は、その権利を放棄しても、これをもって抵当権者に対抗することができない。
art-398/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398/par-1
Even if a holder of superficies or a farming right holder that created mortgage on that holder's superficies or farming right renounces the relevant rights, the renunciation may not be duly asserted against the mortgagee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四節 根抵当 — Section 4 Revolving Mortgages
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-10/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-10/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-10/sec-4
### 第三百九十八条の二（根抵当権） — (Revolving Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-398-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-2
**第一項** 抵当権は、設定行為で定めるところにより、一定の範囲に属する不特定の債権を極度額の限度において担保するためにも設定することができる。
art-398-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-2/par-1
Mortgages may be created, by an establishing act, in order to secure unspecified claims of a certain scope, up to the limit of a maximum amount.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定による抵当権（以下「根抵当権」という。）の担保すべき不特定の債権の範囲は、債務者との特定の継続的取引契約によって生ずるものその他債務者との一定の種類の取引によって生ずるものに限定して、定めなければならない。
art-398-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-2/par-2
The scope of the unspecified claims to be secured by the mortgage under the provisions of the preceding paragraph (referred to as "revolving mortgage" below) must be prescribed by limiting the scope to claims arising from specific contracts with the obligor for continuous transactions or other claims arising from certain kinds of transactions with the obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 特定の原因に基づいて債務者との間に継続して生ずる債権、手形上若しくは小切手上の請求権又は電子記録債権（電子記録債権法（平成十九年法律第百二号）第二条第一項に規定する電子記録債権をいう。次条第二項において同じ。）は、前項の規定にかかわらず、根抵当権の担保すべき債権とすることができる。
art-398-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-2/par-3
Claims that arise continuously with the obligor pursuant to a specific cause, claims under negotiable instruments or checks, or electronically recorded monetary claims (meaning electronically recorded monetary claims prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (1) of the Electronically Recorded Monetary Claims Act (Act No. 102 of 2007); the same applies in paragraph (2) of the following Article) may be treated as claims that are to be secured by a revolving mortgage, notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十八条の三（根抵当権の被担保債権の範囲） — (Scope of Secured Claims Under Revolving Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-398-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-3
**第一項** 根抵当権者は、確定した元本並びに利息その他の定期金及び債務の不履行によって生じた損害の賠償の全部について、極度額を限度として、その根抵当権を行使することができる。
art-398-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-3/par-1
A revolving mortgagee may exercise the relevant revolving mortgage up to the maximum amount with respect to all of fixed principal as well as periodic payments including interest and compensation for damage resulting from failure to perform obligations.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債務者との取引によらないで取得する手形上若しくは小切手上の請求権又は電子記録債権を根抵当権の担保すべき債権とした場合において、次に掲げる事由があったときは、その前に取得したものについてのみ、その根抵当権を行使することができる。ただし、その後に取得したものであっても、その事由を知らないで取得したものについては、これを行使することを妨げない。
art-398-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-3/par-2
If a claim under a negotiable instrument or check or electronically recorded monetary claim acquired from causes other than the transactions with the obligor is agreed to be treated as a claim to be secured by a revolving mortgage, and any of the following grounds exist, that revolving mortgage may be exercised only with respect to claims acquired before those grounds arose; provided, however, that even with respect to claims acquired after the grounds arose, the exercise of the revolving mortgage is not precluded as far as the claims were acquired without knowledge of those grounds:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 債務者の支払の停止
art-398-3/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-3/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-3/par-2/item-1
the suspension of payments by the obligor;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 債務者についての破産手続開始、再生手続開始、更生手続開始又は特別清算開始の申立て
art-398-3/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-3/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-3/par-2/item-2
a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings, the commencement of rehabilitation proceedings, the commencement of reorganization proceedings or the commencement for special liquidation with respect to the obligor; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 抵当不動産に対する競売の申立て又は滞納処分による差押え
art-398-3/par-2/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-3/par-2/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-3/par-2/item-3
a petition for auction in relation to mortgaged immovables or seizure for disposition of delinquency.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十八条の四（根抵当権の被担保債権の範囲及び債務者の変更） — (Alterations in Scope of Secured Claims Under Revolving Mortgages and of Obligors)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-398-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-4
**第一項** 元本の確定前においては、根抵当権の担保すべき債権の範囲の変更をすることができる。債務者の変更についても、同様とする。
art-398-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-4/par-1
The scope of the claims to be secured by a revolving mortgage may be changed if the change is effected before the principal is fixed. The same applies with respect to change of obligors.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の変更をするには、後順位の抵当権者その他の第三者の承諾を得ることを要しない。
art-398-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-4/par-2
In order to effect the changes referred to in the preceding paragraph, it is not required that the approval of third parties including subordinated mortgagee be obtained.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の変更について元本の確定前に登記をしなかったときは、その変更をしなかったものとみなす。
art-398-4/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-4/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-4/par-3
If the change under paragraph (1) is not registered before the principal is fixed, it is deemed that the change was not effected.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十八条の五（根抵当権の極度額の変更） — (Changes in Maximum Amounts of Revolving Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-398-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-5
**第一項** 根抵当権の極度額の変更は、利害関係を有する者の承諾を得なければ、することができない。
art-398-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-5/par-1
Changes in the maximum amount of a revolving mortgage may not be made unless the consent of the interested parties is obtained.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十八条の六（根抵当権の元本確定期日の定め） — (Provisions of Principal Fixed Date of Revolving Mortgage)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-398-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-6
**第一項** 根抵当権の担保すべき元本については、その確定すべき期日を定め又は変更することができる。
art-398-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-6/par-1
With respect to the principal secured by a revolving mortgage, the date when the principal is to be fixed may be specified or changed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第三百九十八条の四第二項の規定は、前項の場合について準用する。
art-398-6/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-6/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-6/par-2
The provisions of Article 398-4, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to the cases referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の期日は、これを定め又は変更した日から五年以内でなければならない。
art-398-6/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-6/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-6/par-3
The date under paragraph (1) must be within five years of the day when the date was prescribed or changed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第一項の期日の変更についてその変更前の期日より前に登記をしなかったときは、担保すべき元本は、その変更前の期日に確定する。
art-398-6/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-6/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-6/par-4
If registration with respect to a change in the date under paragraph (1) is not effected before the old date, the principal secured is fixed on that old date.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十八条の七（根抵当権の被担保債権の譲渡等） — (Assignments of Secured Claims Under Revolving Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-398-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-7
**第一項** 元本の確定前に根抵当権者から債権を取得した者は、その債権について根抵当権を行使することができない。元本の確定前に債務者のために又は債務者に代わって弁済をした者も、同様とする。
art-398-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-7/par-1
A person that acquires a claim from a revolving mortgagee before the principal is fixed may not exercise the revolving mortgage with respect to that claim. The same applies to a person that made payment for or on behalf of an obligor before the principal was fixed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 元本の確定前に債務の引受けがあったときは、根抵当権者は、引受人の債務について、その根抵当権を行使することができない。
art-398-7/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-7/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-7/par-2
If an obligation is assumed before the principal is fixed, the revolving mortgagee may not exercise the revolving mortgage with respect to the obligation of the person that assumes the obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 元本の確定前に免責的債務引受があった場合における債権者は、第四百七十二条の四第一項の規定にかかわらず、根抵当権を引受人が負担する債務に移すことができない。
art-398-7/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-7/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-7/par-3
If the discharging assumption of an obligation is effected before the principal is fixed, the obligee may not transfer the revolving mortgage to the obligation assumed by the new obligor, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 472-4, paragraph (1).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 元本の確定前に債権者の交替による更改があった場合における更改前の債権者は、第五百十八条第一項の規定にかかわらず、根抵当権を更改後の債務に移すことができない。元本の確定前に債務者の交替による更改があった場合における債権者も、同様とする。
art-398-7/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-7/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-7/par-4
If any novation due to the substitution of the obligee is effected before the principal is fixed, the obligee before the novation may not transfer the revolving mortgage to the obligations after the novation, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 518, paragraph (1). The same applies to the obligee in the case of novation due to the substitution of the obligor before the principal is fixed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十八条の八（根抵当権者又は債務者の相続） — (Succession of Revolving Mortgagees or Obligors)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-398-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-8
**第一項** 元本の確定前に根抵当権者について相続が開始したときは、根抵当権は、相続開始の時に存する債権のほか、相続人と根抵当権設定者との合意により定めた相続人が相続の開始後に取得する債権を担保する。
art-398-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-8/par-1
If succession involving a revolving mortgagee commences before the principal is fixed, the revolving mortgage secures the claims that exist at the time of the commencement of succession and otherwise secures claims that were agreed upon by the heirs and the mortgagor of the revolving mortgage and that an heir acquires after the commencement of succession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 元本の確定前にその債務者について相続が開始したときは、根抵当権は、相続開始の時に存する債務のほか、根抵当権者と根抵当権設定者との合意により定めた相続人が相続の開始後に負担する債務を担保する。
art-398-8/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-8/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-8/par-2
If succession involving an obligor commences before the principal is fixed, the revolving mortgage secures the obligations that exist at the time of the commencement of succession and otherwise secures the claims that were agreed upon by the revolving mortgagee and the mortgagor of the revolving mortgage and that an heir assumes after the commencement of succession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第三百九十八条の四第二項の規定は、前二項の合意をする場合について準用する。
art-398-8/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-8/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-8/par-3
The provisions of Article 398-4, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis if an agreement referred to in the preceding two paragraphs is reached.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第一項及び第二項の合意について相続の開始後六箇月以内に登記をしないときは、担保すべき元本は、相続開始の時に確定したものとみなす。
art-398-8/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-8/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-8/par-4
If the agreements referred to in paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) are not registered within six months of the commencement of succession, the principal secured is deemed to have been fixed at the time of the commencement of succession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十八条の九（根抵当権者又は債務者の合併） — (Mergers of Revolving Mortgagees or Obligors)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-398-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-9
**第一項** 元本の確定前に根抵当権者について合併があったときは、根抵当権は、合併の時に存する債権のほか、合併後存続する法人又は合併によって設立された法人が合併後に取得する債権を担保する。
art-398-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-9/par-1
If there is a merger with respect to a revolving mortgagee before the principal is fixed, the revolving mortgage secures the claims that exist at the time of the merger and otherwise secures claims that a corporation that survives the merger or a corporation that is incorporated by the merger acquires after the merger.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 元本の確定前にその債務者について合併があったときは、根抵当権は、合併の時に存する債務のほか、合併後存続する法人又は合併によって設立された法人が合併後に負担する債務を担保する。
art-398-9/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-9/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-9/par-2
If there is a merger with respect to an obligor before the principal is fixed, the revolving mortgage secures the obligations that exist at the time of the merger and otherwise secures the obligations that a corporation that survives the merger or a corporation that is incorporated by the merger assumes after the merger.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の場合には、根抵当権設定者は、担保すべき元本の確定を請求することができる。ただし、前項の場合において、その債務者が根抵当権設定者であるときは、この限りでない。
art-398-9/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-9/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-9/par-3
In the cases provided for in the preceding two paragraphs, the mortgagor of the revolving mortgage may demand that the principal secured be fixed; provided, however, that this does not apply, in the cases referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the relevant obligor is the mortgagor of the revolving mortgage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前項の規定による請求があったときは、担保すべき元本は、合併の時に確定したものとみなす。
art-398-9/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-9/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-9/par-4
If a demand under the provisions of the preceding paragraph is made, the principal secured is deemed to have been fixed at the time of the merger.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 第三項の規定による請求は、根抵当権設定者が合併のあったことを知った日から二週間を経過したときは、することができない。合併の日から一箇月を経過したときも、同様とする。
art-398-9/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-9/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-9/par-5
The demand under the provisions of paragraph (3) may not be made if two weeks have passed since the day when the mortgagor of the revolving mortgage acquired knowledge of the merger. The same applies if one month has passed from the day of the merger.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十八条の十（根抵当権者又は債務者の会社分割） — (Company Splits of Revolving Mortgagees or Obligors)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-398-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-10
**第一項** 元本の確定前に根抵当権者を分割をする会社とする分割があったときは、根抵当権は、分割の時に存する債権のほか、分割をした会社及び分割により設立された会社又は当該分割をした会社がその事業に関して有する権利義務の全部又は一部を当該会社から承継した会社が分割後に取得する債権を担保する。
art-398-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-10/par-1
If, before the principal is fixed, a company split in which the relevant revolving mortgagee is the company to be split is effected, the revolving mortgage secures the claims that exist at the time of the split and otherwise secures claims acquired after the split by the split company and the company incorporated by the split, or claims acquired after the split by the company that succeeded to some or all of the rights and obligations of the split company regarding its business.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 元本の確定前にその債務者を分割をする会社とする分割があったときは、根抵当権は、分割の時に存する債務のほか、分割をした会社及び分割により設立された会社又は当該分割をした会社がその事業に関して有する権利義務の全部又は一部を当該会社から承継した会社が分割後に負担する債務を担保する。
art-398-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-10/par-2
If, before the principal is fixed, a split in which the relevant obligor is the company to be split is effected, the revolving mortgage secures the obligations that exist at the time of the split and otherwise secures obligations that are assumed after the split by the split company and the company incorporated by the split, or claims acquired after the split by the company that assumed some or all of the rights and obligations of the split company regarding its business.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前条第三項から第五項までの規定は、前二項の場合について準用する。
art-398-10/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-10/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-10/par-3
The provisions of paragraphs (3) through (5) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to cases under the preceding two paragraphs.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十八条の十一（根抵当権の処分） — (Disposition of Revolving Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-398-11 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-11 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-11
**第一項** 元本の確定前においては、根抵当権者は、第三百七十六条第一項の規定による根抵当権の処分をすることができない。ただし、その根抵当権を他の債権の担保とすることを妨げない。
art-398-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-11/par-1
Before the principal is fixed, a revolving mortgagee may not dispose of a revolving mortgage under the provisions of Article 376, paragraph (1); provided, however, that the revolving mortgagee is not precluded from applying that revolving mortgage to secure other claims.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第三百七十七条第二項の規定は、前項ただし書の場合において元本の確定前にした弁済については、適用しない。
art-398-11/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-11/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-11/par-2
The provisions of Article 377, paragraph (2) do not apply to payments made before the principal is fixed in the cases provided for in the proviso to the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十八条の十二（根抵当権の譲渡） — (Assignments of Revolving Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-398-12 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-12 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-12
**第一項** 元本の確定前においては、根抵当権者は、根抵当権設定者の承諾を得て、その根抵当権を譲り渡すことができる。
art-398-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-12/par-1
Before the principal is fixed, a revolving mortgagee may assign a revolving mortgage, with the approval of the mortgagor of the revolving mortgage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 根抵当権者は、その根抵当権を二個の根抵当権に分割して、その一方を前項の規定により譲り渡すことができる。この場合において、その根抵当権を目的とする権利は、譲り渡した根抵当権について消滅する。
art-398-12/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-12/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-12/par-2
A revolving mortgagee may divide the revolving mortgage into two revolving mortgages and assign either of the same pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph. In this case, the rights for which that revolving mortgage is the subject is extinguished with respect to the revolving mortgage that was assigned.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項の規定による譲渡をするには、その根抵当権を目的とする権利を有する者の承諾を得なければならない。
art-398-12/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-12/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-12/par-3
In order to effect an assignment under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the approval of the person that holds the rights for which that revolving mortgage is the subject must be obtained.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十八条の十三（根抵当権の一部譲渡） — (Partial Assignments of Revolving Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-398-13 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-13 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-13
**第一項** 元本の確定前においては、根抵当権者は、根抵当権設定者の承諾を得て、その根抵当権の一部譲渡（譲渡人が譲受人と根抵当権を共有するため、これを分割しないで譲り渡すことをいう。以下この節において同じ。）をすることができる。
art-398-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-13/par-1
Before the principal is fixed, a revolving mortgagee may, with the approval of the mortgagor of the revolving mortgage, effect a partial assignment of the revolving mortgage (meaning assignments of revolving mortgages that the assignor effects without dividing the revolving mortgage in order to co-own the same with the assignee; the same applies in this Section below).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十八条の十四（根抵当権の共有） — (Co-Ownership of Revolving Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-398-14 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-14 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-14
**第一項** 根抵当権の共有者は、それぞれその債権額の割合に応じて弁済を受ける。ただし、元本の確定前に、これと異なる割合を定め、又はある者が他の者に先立って弁済を受けるべきことを定めたときは、その定めに従う。
art-398-14/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-14/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-14/par-1
Co-owners of a revolving mortgage are paid in proportion to the amount of their respective claims; provided, however, that if before the principal is fixed, a proportion other than the above is agreed upon, or if it is agreed upon that a certain person will be paid before another, that agreement prevails.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 根抵当権の共有者は、他の共有者の同意を得て、第三百九十八条の十二第一項の規定によりその権利を譲り渡すことができる。
art-398-14/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-14/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-14/par-2
A co-owner in a revolving mortgage may, with the consent of the other co-owners, assign rights of the same pursuant to the provisions of Article 398-12, paragraph (1).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十八条の十五（抵当権の順位の譲渡又は放棄と根抵当権の譲渡又は一部譲渡） — (Assignments or Waivers of Order of Priority of Mortgages and Assignments or Partial Assignments of Revolving Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-398-15 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-15 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-15
**第一項** 抵当権の順位の譲渡又は放棄を受けた根抵当権者が、その根抵当権の譲渡又は一部譲渡をしたときは、譲受人は、その順位の譲渡又は放棄の利益を受ける。
art-398-15/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-15/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-15/par-1
If a revolving mortgagee that has accepted an assignment or waiver of the order of priority of a mortgage has assigned or partially assigned that mortgagee's revolving mortgage, the assignee benefits from the assignment or waiver of that order of priority.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十八条の十六（共同根抵当） — (Joint Revolving Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-398-16 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-16 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-16
**第一項** 第三百九十二条及び第三百九十三条の規定は、根抵当権については、その設定と同時に同一の債権の担保として数個の不動産につき根抵当権が設定された旨の登記をした場合に限り、適用する。
art-398-16/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-16/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-16/par-1
The provisions of Articles 392 and 393 apply with respect to a revolving mortgage only when the fact that the revolving mortgage has been simultaneously established on several immovables to secure the same claim is registered.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十八条の十七（共同根抵当の変更等） — (Changes in Joint Revolving Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-398-17 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-17 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-17
**第一項** 前条の登記がされている根抵当権の担保すべき債権の範囲、債務者若しくは極度額の変更又はその譲渡若しくは一部譲渡は、その根抵当権が設定されているすべての不動産について登記をしなければ、その効力を生じない。
art-398-17/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-17/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-17/par-1
A change in the scope, obligors or maximum amount of the claims to be secured, or assignment or partial assignment of the revolving mortgages for which registration is effected in accordance with the preceding Article does not take effect unless registration is effected with respect to all immovables over which that revolving mortgages are established.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前条の登記がされている根抵当権の担保すべき元本は、一個の不動産についてのみ確定すべき事由が生じた場合においても、確定する。
art-398-17/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-17/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-17/par-2
The principal secured by the revolving mortgage for registered pursuant to the preceding Article is fixed even when grounds on which the principal is fixed arise only with respect to one immovable property alone.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十八条の十八（累積根抵当） — (Aggregate Revolving Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-398-18 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-18 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-18
**第一項** 数個の不動産につき根抵当権を有する者は、第三百九十八条の十六の場合を除き、各不動産の代価について、各極度額に至るまで優先権を行使することができる。
art-398-18/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-18/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-18/par-1
A person that has a revolving mortgage on several immovables may exercise the right of priority with respect to the proceeds of each immovable property up to the respective maximum amounts, except for cases provided for in Article 398-16.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十八条の十九（根抵当権の元本の確定請求） — (Requests for Fixing of Principal of Revolving Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-398-19 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-19 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-19
**第一項** 根抵当権設定者は、根抵当権の設定の時から三年を経過したときは、担保すべき元本の確定を請求することができる。この場合において、担保すべき元本は、その請求の時から二週間を経過することによって確定する。
art-398-19/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-19/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-19/par-1
If three years have passed from the time of the creation of a revolving mortgage, the mortgagor of the revolving mortgage may request the fixing of the principal secured. In this case, the principal secured is fixed when two weeks have passed since the time of that request.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 根抵当権者は、いつでも、担保すべき元本の確定を請求することができる。この場合において、担保すべき元本は、その請求の時に確定する。
art-398-19/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-19/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-19/par-2
A revolving mortgagee may request the fixing of the principal secured at any time. In this case, the principal secured is fixed on the request of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定は、担保すべき元本の確定すべき期日の定めがあるときは、適用しない。
art-398-19/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-19/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-19/par-3
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply if the date on which the principal secured is to be fixed is specified.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十八条の二十（根抵当権の元本の確定事由） — (Grounds for Fixing of Principal of Revolving Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-398-20 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-20 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-20
**第一項** 次に掲げる場合には、根抵当権の担保すべき元本は、確定する。
art-398-20/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-20/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-20/par-1
The principal secured by a revolving mortgage is fixed in the following cases:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 根抵当権者が抵当不動産について競売若しくは担保不動産収益執行又は第三百七十二条において準用する第三百四条の規定による差押えを申し立てたとき。ただし、競売手続若しくは担保不動産収益執行手続の開始又は差押えがあったときに限る。
art-398-20/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-20/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-20/par-1/item-1
if the revolving mortgagee has filed, with respect to the mortgaged immovables, a petition for auction or enforcement against earnings from secured immovable property or the attachment under the provisions of Article 304 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 372;provided, however, that these provisions apply only if the commencement of either auction procedures or enforcement against earnings from secured immovable property, or a seizure has been effected;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 根抵当権者が抵当不動産に対して滞納処分による差押えをしたとき。
art-398-20/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-20/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-20/par-1/item-2
if the revolving mortgagee has effected an attachment for disposition of delinquency against the mortgaged immovables;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 根抵当権者が抵当不動産に対する競売手続の開始又は滞納処分による差押えがあったことを知った時から二週間を経過したとき。
art-398-20/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-20/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-20/par-1/item-3
if two weeks have passed from the time when the revolving mortgagee acquired knowledge of the commencement of auction procedures or seizure for disposition to collect arrears against the mortgaged immovables; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 債務者又は根抵当権設定者が破産手続開始の決定を受けたとき。
art-398-20/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-20/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-20/par-1/item-4
if the obligor or mortgagor of the revolving mortgage has become subject to an order commencing bankruptcy proceeding.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項第三号の競売手続の開始若しくは差押え又は同項第四号の破産手続開始の決定の効力が消滅したときは、担保すべき元本は、確定しなかったものとみなす。ただし、元本が確定したものとしてその根抵当権又はこれを目的とする権利を取得した者があるときは、この限りでない。
art-398-20/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-20/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-20/par-2
If the commencement of auction procedures, the seizure under item (iii) of the preceding paragraph or the order commencing bankruptcy proceeding under item (iv) of that paragraph ceases to be effective, it is deemed that the principal secured was not fixed; provided, however, that this does not apply if a person has acquired that revolving mortgage or a right for which the revolving mortgage is the subject on the assumption that the principal was fixed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十八条の二十一（根抵当権の極度額の減額請求） — (Requests for Reductions in Maximum Amount of Revolving Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-398-21 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-21 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-21
**第一項** 元本の確定後においては、根抵当権設定者は、その根抵当権の極度額を、現に存する債務の額と以後二年間に生ずべき利息その他の定期金及び債務の不履行による損害賠償の額とを加えた額に減額することを請求することができる。
art-398-21/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-21/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-21/par-1
After the principal is fixed, the mortgagor of the revolving mortgage may request a reduction in the maximum amount of that revolving mortgage, to the amount of the obligations actually in existence plus the amount of the periodic payments including interest and the amount of damages due to default in obligations should arise in the following two years.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第三百九十八条の十六の登記がされている根抵当権の極度額の減額については、前項の規定による請求は、そのうちの一個の不動産についてすれば足りる。
art-398-21/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-21/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-21/par-2
As to the reduction in the maximum amount of a revolving mortgage registered pursuant to Article 398-16, it suffices to make the request referred to in the preceding paragraph with respect to one of those immovables.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三百九十八条の二十二（根抵当権の消滅請求） — (Requests for Extinguishment of Revolving Mortgages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-398-22 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-22 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-22
**第一項** 元本の確定後において現に存する債務の額が根抵当権の極度額を超えるときは、他人の債務を担保するためその根抵当権を設定した者又は抵当不動産について所有権、地上権、永小作権若しくは第三者に対抗することができる賃借権を取得した第三者は、その極度額に相当する金額を払い渡し又は供託して、その根抵当権の消滅請求をすることができる。この場合において、その払渡し又は供託は、弁済の効力を有する。
art-398-22/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-22/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-22/par-1
If the amount of the obligations currently in existence after the principal is fixed exceeds the maximum amount of a revolving mortgage, the person that created the revolving mortgage to secure the obligations of another person or a third party that has acquired ownership, superficies, farming rights, or a lease that may be duly asserted against any third party with respect to the mortgaged immovables may request the extinguishment of that revolving mortgage on paying or depositing with an official depository an amount equivalent to that maximum amount. In this case, that payment or deposit has the effect of performance of the obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第三百九十八条の十六の登記がされている根抵当権は、一個の不動産について前項の消滅請求があったときは、消滅する。
art-398-22/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-22/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-22/par-2
A revolving mortgage that has been registered pursuant to Article 398-16 is extinguished if the request for extinguishment referred to in the preceding paragraph is made with respect to one immovable property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第三百八十条及び第三百八十一条の規定は、第一項の消滅請求について準用する。
art-398-22/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-398-22/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-398-22/par-3
The provisions of Articles 380 and 381 apply mutatis mutandis to the requests for extinguishment under paragraph (1).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三編 債権 — Part III Claims
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3
## 第一章 総則 — Chapter I General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1
## 第一節 債権の目的 — Section 1 Subject of Claim
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-1
### 第三百九十九条（債権の目的） — (Subject of Claim)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-399 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-399 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-399
**第一項** 債権は、金銭に見積もることができないものであっても、その目的とすることができる。
art-399/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-399/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-399/par-1
Even something that cannot be given an estimated monetary value may be the subject of a claim.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百条（特定物の引渡しの場合の注意義務） — (Duty of Care in Cases of Delivery of Specific Things)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-400 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-400 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-400
**第一項** 債権の目的が特定物の引渡しであるときは、債務者は、その引渡しをするまで、契約その他の債権の発生原因及び取引上の社会通念に照らして定まる善良な管理者の注意をもって、その物を保存しなければならない。
art-400/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-400/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-400/par-1
If the subject of a claim is the delivery of a specific thing, the obligor must retain the thing with the due care of a prudent manager, which is determined in light of the contract or other sources of claims and the common sense trading practices, until the delivery.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百一条（種類債権） — (Fungible Claim)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-401 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-401 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-401
**第一項** 債権の目的物を種類のみで指定した場合において、法律行為の性質又は当事者の意思によってその品質を定めることができないときは、債務者は、中等の品質を有する物を給付しなければならない。
art-401/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-401/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-401/par-1
If the subject matter of a claim is designated only with reference to a type and its quality cannot be determined in light of the nature of the juridical act or intention of the parties, the obligor must deliver a thing of medium quality.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合において、債務者が物の給付をするのに必要な行為を完了し、又は債権者の同意を得てその給付すべき物を指定したときは、以後その物を債権の目的物とする。
art-401/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-401/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-401/par-2
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the obligor has completed the acts necessary to deliver the thing, or has designated the thing the obligor is to deliver with the consent of the obligee, that thing thenceforth constitutes the subject matter of the claim.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百二条（金銭債権） — (Monetary Claim)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-402 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-402 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-402
**第一項** 債権の目的物が金銭であるときは、債務者は、その選択に従い、各種の通貨で弁済をすることができる。ただし、特定の種類の通貨の給付を債権の目的としたときは、この限りでない。
art-402/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-402/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-402/par-1
If the subject matter of a claim is money, the obligor, at the obligor's own choice, may make the payment in currency of any kind; provided, however, that this does not apply to if the delivery of a specific kind of currency is the subject of the claim.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債権の目的物である特定の種類の通貨が弁済期に強制通用の効力を失っているときは、債務者は、他の通貨で弁済をしなければならない。
art-402/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-402/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-402/par-2
If the specific kind of currency that is the subject matter of the claim has lost its mandatory circulating power at the time of the payment, the obligor must make payment in other currency.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定は、外国の通貨の給付を債権の目的とした場合について準用する。
art-402/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-402/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-402/par-3
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis if the delivery of the currency of a foreign state is the subject of the claim.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百三条
art-403 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-403 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-403
**第一項** 外国の通貨で債権額を指定したときは、債務者は、履行地における為替相場により、日本の通貨で弁済をすることができる。
art-403/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-403/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-403/par-1
If the amount of the claim is designated in the currency of a foreign state, the obligor may make the payment in Japanese currency converted with the foreign exchange rate at the place of the performance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百四条（法定利率） — (Statutory Interest Rate)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-404 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-404 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-404
**第一項** 利息を生ずべき債権について別段の意思表示がないときは、その利率は、その利息が生じた最初の時点における法定利率による。
art-404/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-404/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-404/par-1
Unless the parties manifest a particular intention with respect to a claim which bears interest, the rate of the interest is the statutory interest rate on the time when the interest first accrues.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 法定利率は、年三パーセントとする。
art-404/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-404/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-404/par-2
The statutory interest rate is 3% per annum.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項の規定にかかわらず、法定利率は、法務省令で定めるところにより、三年を一期とし、一期ごとに、次項の規定により変動するものとする。
art-404/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-404/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-404/par-3
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, pursuant to the provisions of Ministry of Justice Order, the statutory interest rate is to change pursuant to the provisions of the following paragraph for each term consisting of three years.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 各期における法定利率は、この項の規定により法定利率に変動があった期のうち直近のもの（以下この項において「直近変動期」という。）における基準割合と当期における基準割合との差に相当する割合（その割合に一パーセント未満の端数があるときは、これを切り捨てる。）を直近変動期における法定利率に加算し、又は減算した割合とする。
art-404/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-404/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-404/par-4
The statutory interest rate for each term is the rate calculated by adding or deducting the rate equivalent to the difference between the benchmark rate for the most recent term during which there was a change in the statutory interest rate pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph (referred to as the "most recent term of change" in this paragraph below) and the benchmark rate for the current term (if the decimal portion is a figure with less than 1%, it is to be rounded down ), to or from the statutory interest rate for the most recent term of change.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 前項に規定する「基準割合」とは、法務省令で定めるところにより、各期の初日の属する年の六年前の年の一月から前々年の十二月までの各月における短期貸付けの平均利率（当該各月において銀行が新たに行った貸付け（貸付期間が一年未満のものに限る。）に係る利率の平均をいう。）の合計を六十で除して計算した割合（その割合に〇・一パーセント未満の端数があるときは、これを切り捨てる。）として法務大臣が告示するものをいう。
art-404/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-404/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-404/par-5
The term "benchmark rate" prescribed in the preceding paragraph means the rate announced by the Minister of Justice as the rate calculated by dividing, by 60, the sum of the average interest rate for short-term loans for each month (meaning the average of the interest rates for loans (limited to loans for a term of less than one year) extended by banks in each month) during the period from January of the year six years before the year which contains the first day of each term to December of the year two years before the year which contains the first date of each term (if the decimal portion is a figure with less than 0.1%, it is to be rounded down), pursuant to the provisions of Ministry of Justice Order.
Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "The term "benchmark rate" prescribed in the preceding paragraph means the rate announced by the Minister of Justice as the rate calculated by dividing, by 60, the sum of the average interest rate for short-term loans for each month (meaning the average of the interest rates for loans (limited to loans for a term of less than one year) extended by banks in each month)) during the period from January of the year six years before the year which contains the first day of each term to December of the year two years before the year which contains the first date of each term (if the decimal portion is a figure with less than 0.1%, it is to be rounded down), pursuant to the provisions of Ministry of Justice Order." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4848/tb
### 第四百五条（利息の元本への組入れ） — (Incorporation of Interest into Principal)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-405 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-405 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-405
**第一項** 利息の支払が一年分以上延滞した場合において、債権者が催告をしても、債務者がその利息を支払わないときは、債権者は、これを元本に組み入れることができる。
art-405/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-405/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-405/par-1
If the payment of interest corresponding to one year or more is delayed, and if the obligor does not pay that interest notwithstanding the demand by the obligee, the obligee may incorporate that interest into the principal.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百六条（選択債権における選択権の帰属） — (Attribution of Right to Choose in Cases of Alternative Obligation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-406 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-406 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-406
**第一項** 債権の目的が数個の給付の中から選択によって定まるときは、その選択権は、債務者に属する。
art-406/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-406/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-406/par-1
If the subject of the claim is to be determined by a choice being made from among more than one performance, the right to choose belongs to the obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百七条（選択権の行使） — (Exercise of Right to Choose)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-407 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-407 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-407
**第一項** 前条の選択権は、相手方に対する意思表示によって行使する。
art-407/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-407/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-407/par-1
The right to choose under the preceding Article is exercised by manifesting the intention to the counterparty.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の意思表示は、相手方の承諾を得なければ、撤回することができない。
art-407/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-407/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-407/par-2
The manifestation of intention referred to in the preceding paragraph may not be withdrawn without the consent of the counterparty.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百八条（選択権の移転） — (Transfer of Right to Choose)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-408 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-408 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-408
**第一項** 債権が弁済期にある場合において、相手方から相当の期間を定めて催告をしても、選択権を有する当事者がその期間内に選択をしないときは、その選択権は、相手方に移転する。
art-408/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-408/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-408/par-1
If a claim is due and, notwithstanding a demand by the counterparty specifying a reasonable period of time, the party that holds the right to choose does not exercise the right within that period of time, the right to choose is transferred to the counterparty.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百九条（第三者の選択権） — (Right to Choose of Third Party)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-409 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-409 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-409
**第一項** 第三者が選択をすべき場合には、その選択は、債権者又は債務者に対する意思表示によってする。
art-409/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-409/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-409/par-1
If a third party makes the choice, that choice is made by manifesting intention to either the obligee or the obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項に規定する場合において、第三者が選択をすることができず、又は選択をする意思を有しないときは、選択権は、債務者に移転する。
art-409/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-409/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-409/par-2
In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if the third party is unable to make the choice or has no intention to make the choice, the right to choose is transferred to the obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百十条（不能による選択債権の特定） — (Identification of Alternative Obligation Due to Impossibility)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-410 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-410 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-410
**第一項** 債権の目的である給付の中に不能のものがある場合において、その不能が選択権を有する者の過失によるものであるときは、債権は、その残存するものについて存在する。
art-410/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-410/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-410/par-1
If a performance included in the subject of a claim is impossible, and the impossibility is by negligence of the party that has the right to choose, the claim exists to the extent of the remaining performances.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百十一条（選択の効力） — (Effect of Choice)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-411 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-411 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-411
**第一項** 選択は、債権の発生の時にさかのぼってその効力を生ずる。ただし、第三者の権利を害することはできない。
art-411/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-411/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-411/par-1
The choice becomes effective retroactively on the time of the accrual of the claim; provided, however, that this may not prejudice the rights of a third party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二節 債権の効力 — Section 2 Effect of Claims
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-2
## 第一款 債務不履行の責任等 — Subsection 1 Liability for Non-Performance
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-1
### 第四百十二条（履行期と履行遅滞） — (Time of Performance and Delay in Performance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-412 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-412 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-412
**第一項** 債務の履行について確定期限があるときは、債務者は、その期限の到来した時から遅滞の責任を負う。
art-412/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-412/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-412/par-1
If a fixed due date is assigned to the performance of an obligation, the obligor is liable for delay from the time that due date arrives.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債務の履行について不確定期限があるときは、債務者は、その期限の到来した後に履行の請求を受けた時又はその期限の到来したことを知った時のいずれか早い時から遅滞の責任を負う。
art-412/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-412/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-412/par-2
If an uncertain due date is assigned to the performance of an obligation, the obligor is liable for delay from the time when the obligor receives the request for performance after the due date arrives or the time when the obligor becomes aware of the arrival of that due date, whichever comes earlier.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 債務の履行について期限を定めなかったときは、債務者は、履行の請求を受けた時から遅滞の責任を負う。
art-412/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-412/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-412/par-3
If no time limit is assigned to the performance of an obligation, the obligor is liable for delay from the time the obligor receives the request for performance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百十二条の二（履行不能） — (Impossibility of Performance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-412-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-412-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-412-2
**第一項** 債務の履行が契約その他の債務の発生原因及び取引上の社会通念に照らして不能であるときは、債権者は、その債務の履行を請求することができない。
art-412-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-412-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-412-2/par-1
If the performance of an obligation is impossible in light of the contract or other sources of claims and common sense trading practices in the transaction, the obligee may not request the performance of the obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 契約に基づく債務の履行がその契約の成立の時に不能であったことは、第四百十五条の規定によりその履行の不能によって生じた損害の賠償を請求することを妨げない。
art-412-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-412-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-412-2/par-2
The impossibility of the performance of an obligation based on a contract on the time of the formation of the contract does not preclude claiming compensation for damage that arises from the impossibility of the obligation pursuant to the provisions of Article 415.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百十三条（受領遅滞） — (Obligee's Delay in Acceptance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-413 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-413 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-413
**第一項** 債権者が債務の履行を受けることを拒み、又は受けることができない場合において、その債務の目的が特定物の引渡しであるときは、債務者は、履行の提供をした時からその引渡しをするまで、自己の財産に対するのと同一の注意をもって、その物を保存すれば足りる。
art-413/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-413/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-413/par-1
If the obligee refuses, or is unable, to accept the tender of the performance of an obligation, and the subject of the obligation is the delivery of a specific thing, it is sufficient for the obligor to retain the thing by exercising care identical to that the obligor exercises for the obligor's own property, during the period from the time of the tender of the performance until the delivery of the thing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債権者が債務の履行を受けることを拒み、又は受けることができないことによって、その履行の費用が増加したときは、その増加額は、債権者の負担とする。
art-413/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-413/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-413/par-2
If the obligee's refusal or inability to accept the performance of an obligation results in increasing the expenses for the performance, the amount of increase is borne by the obligee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百十三条の二（履行遅滞中又は受領遅滞中の履行不能と帰責事由） — (Impossibility of Performance during Obligor's Delay in Performance or Obligee's Delay in Acceptance, and Grounds Attributable)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-413-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-413-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-413-2
**第一項** 債務者がその債務について遅滞の責任を負っている間に当事者双方の責めに帰することができない事由によってその債務の履行が不能となったときは、その履行の不能は、債務者の責めに帰すべき事由によるものとみなす。
art-413-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-413-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-413-2/par-1
If the performance of an obligation becomes impossible due to grounds not attributable to either party during a period in which the obligor is liable for delay in performance of the obligation, the impossibility of performance is deemed to be due to grounds attributable to the obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債権者が債務の履行を受けることを拒み、又は受けることができない場合において、履行の提供があった時以後に当事者双方の責めに帰することができない事由によってその債務の履行が不能となったときは、その履行の不能は、債権者の責めに帰すべき事由によるものとみなす。
art-413-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-413-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-413-2/par-2
If the obligee refuses or is unable to accept the performance of an obligation, and the performance of the obligation becomes impossible due to grounds not attributable to either party after the obligor's tender of the performance, the impossibility of performance is deemed to be due to grounds attributable to the obligee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百十四条（履行の強制） — (Compelling Performance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-414 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-414 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-414
**第一項** 債務者が任意に債務の履行をしないときは、債権者は、民事執行法その他強制執行の手続に関する法令の規定に従い、直接強制、代替執行、間接強制その他の方法による履行の強制を裁判所に請求することができる。ただし、債務の性質がこれを許さないときは、この限りでない。
art-414/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-414/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-414/par-1
If an obligor voluntarily fails to perform an obligation, the obligee may request the court to enforce the obligor to perform through methods such as direct enforcement, enforcement by substitution, or indirect enforcement, in accordance with the provisions of the Civil Enforcement Act and other laws and regulations concerning the procedure for enforcement; provided, however, that this does not apply if the nature of the obligation does not permit the enforcement.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、損害賠償の請求を妨げない。
art-414/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-414/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-414/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not preclude claiming damages.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百十五条（債務不履行による損害賠償） — (Claim for Damages Due to Non-Performance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-415 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-415 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-415
**第一項** 債務者がその債務の本旨に従った履行をしないとき又は債務の履行が不能であるときは、債権者は、これによって生じた損害の賠償を請求することができる。ただし、その債務の不履行が契約その他の債務の発生原因及び取引上の社会通念に照らして債務者の責めに帰することができない事由によるものであるときは、この限りでない。
art-415/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-415/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-415/par-1
If an obligor fails to perform consistent with the main purport of the obligation or the performance of an obligation is impossible, the obligee may claim compensation for damage arising from the failure; provided, however, that this does not apply if the failure to perform the obligation is due to grounds not attributable to the obligor in light of the contract or other sources of obligation and common sense trading practices.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定により損害賠償の請求をすることができる場合において、債権者は、次に掲げるときは、債務の履行に代わる損害賠償の請求をすることができる。
art-415/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-415/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-415/par-2
If the obligee is entitled to claim for damages pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, and any of the following cases applies, the obligee may claim for damages in lieu of the performance of the obligation:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 債務の履行が不能であるとき。
art-415/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-415/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-415/par-2/item-1
the performance of the obligation is impossible;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 債務者がその債務の履行を拒絶する意思を明確に表示したとき。
art-415/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-415/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-415/par-2/item-2
the obligor manifests the intention to refuse to perform the obligation; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 債務が契約によって生じたものである場合において、その契約が解除され、又は債務の不履行による契約の解除権が発生したとき。
art-415/par-2/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-415/par-2/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-415/par-2/item-3
the obligation has arisen from a contract, and the contract is cancelled or the obligee acquires the right to cancel the contract on the ground of the obligor's failure to perform the obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百十六条（損害賠償の範囲） — (Scope of Damages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-416 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-416 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-416
**第一項** 債務の不履行に対する損害賠償の請求は、これによって通常生ずべき損害の賠償をさせることをその目的とする。
art-416/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-416/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-416/par-1
The purpose of the claim for damages for failure to perform an obligation is to have the obligor to pay the compensation for damage which would ordinarily arise from the failure.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 特別の事情によって生じた損害であっても、当事者がその事情を予見すべきであったときは、債権者は、その賠償を請求することができる。
art-416/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-416/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-416/par-2
The obligee may also claim the compensation for damage which has arisen from any special circumstances if the party did foresee, or should have foreseen, the circumstances.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百十七条（損害賠償の方法） — (Method to Pay for Damage)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-417 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-417 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-417
**第一項** 損害賠償は、別段の意思表示がないときは、金銭をもってその額を定める。
art-417/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-417/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-417/par-1
Unless a particular intention is manifested, the amount of the damages is determined with reference to monetary value.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百十七条の二（中間利息の控除） — (Deduction of Interim Interest)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-417-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-417-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-417-2
**第一項** 将来において取得すべき利益についての損害賠償の額を定める場合において、その利益を取得すべき時までの利息相当額を控除するときは、その損害賠償の請求権が生じた時点における法定利率により、これをする。
art-417-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-417-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-417-2/par-1
In the case of determining the amount of damages in relation to profits to be acquired in the future and deducting an amount equivalent to interest that is to accrue until the time of acquiring the profits, the deduction is made by applying the statutory interest rate applicable on the time when the claim for damages arises.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 将来において負担すべき費用についての損害賠償の額を定める場合において、その費用を負担すべき時までの利息相当額を控除するときも、前項と同様とする。
art-417-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-417-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-417-2/par-2
The preceding paragraph also applies in the case of determining the amount of damages to cover expenses to be incurred in the future and deducting an amount equivalent to interest that is to accrue until the time of incurring the expenses.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百十八条（過失相殺） — (Comparative Negligence)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-418 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-418 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-418
**第一項** 債務の不履行又はこれによる損害の発生若しくは拡大に関して債権者に過失があったときは、裁判所は、これを考慮して、損害賠償の責任及びその額を定める。
art-418/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-418/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-418/par-1
If the obligee is negligent regarding the failure to perform the obligation or the occurrence or spreading of a damage caused by that failure, the court determines the liability for damages and the amount of this by taking these elements into consideration.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百十九条（金銭債務の特則） — (Special Provisions for Monetary Debt)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-419 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-419 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-419
**第一項** 金銭の給付を目的とする債務の不履行については、その損害賠償の額は、債務者が遅滞の責任を負った最初の時点における法定利率によって定める。ただし、約定利率が法定利率を超えるときは、約定利率による。
art-419/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-419/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-419/par-1
The amount of damages for failure to perform an obligation to deliver money is determined with reference to the statutory interest rate on the time when the obligor first assumes the responsibility for the delay; provided, however, that if the agreed-upon interest rate exceeds the statutory interest rate, the agreed-upon interest rate prevails.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の損害賠償については、債権者は、損害の証明をすることを要しない。
art-419/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-419/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-419/par-2
The obligee is not required to prove damages with respect to the damages referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "The obligee is not be required to prove damages with respect to the damages referred to in the preceding paragraph." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4848/tb
**第三項** 第一項の損害賠償については、債務者は、不可抗力をもって抗弁とすることができない。
art-419/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-419/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-419/par-3
The obligor may not raise the defense of force majeure with respect to the damages referred to in paragraph (1).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百二十条（賠償額の予定） — (Liquidated Damages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-420 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-420 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-420
**第一項** 当事者は、債務の不履行について損害賠償の額を予定することができる。
art-420/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-420/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-420/par-1
The parties may agree on the amount of liquidated damages with respect to the failure to perform the obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 賠償額の予定は、履行の請求又は解除権の行使を妨げない。
art-420/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-420/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-420/par-2
The agreement on liquidated damages do not preclude the request for performance or the exercise of the cancellation right.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 違約金は、賠償額の予定と推定する。
art-420/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-420/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-420/par-3
A penalty is presumed to constitute liquidated damages.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百二十一条
art-421 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-421 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-421
**第一項** 前条の規定は、当事者が金銭でないものを損害の賠償に充てるべき旨を予定した場合について準用する。
art-421/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-421/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-421/par-1
The provisions of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis if the parties agree in advance to appropriate anything other than money as compensation for damage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百二十二条（損害賠償による代位） — (Subrogation for Damages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-422 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-422 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-422
**第一項** 債権者が、損害賠償として、その債権の目的である物又は権利の価額の全部の支払を受けたときは、債務者は、その物又は権利について当然に債権者に代位する。
art-422/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-422/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-422/par-1
If an obligee receives the full value of a thing or right which is the subject of the claim as damages, the obligor subrogates the obligee to that thing or right by operation of law.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百二十二条の二（代償請求権） — (Right to Demand Substitute)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-422-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-422-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-422-2
**第一項** 債務者が、その債務の履行が不能となったのと同一の原因により債務の目的物の代償である権利又は利益を取得したときは、債権者は、その受けた損害の額の限度において、債務者に対し、その権利の移転又はその利益の償還を請求することができる。
art-422-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-422-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-422-2/par-1
If the obligor acquires a right or profit as a substitute for the subject matter of the obligation due to the same cause as the one that has rendered the performance of the obligation impossible, the obligee may demand the transfer of the right or reimbursement of the profit from the obligor, to the extent of the amount of damage sustained by them.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二款 債権者代位権 — Subsection 2 Obligee's Right of Subrogation
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-2
### 第四百二十三条（債権者代位権の要件） — (Requirements for Obligee's Right of Subrogation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-423 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-423 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-423
**第一項** 債権者は、自己の債権を保全するため必要があるときは、債務者に属する権利（以下「被代位権利」という。）を行使することができる。ただし、債務者の一身に専属する権利及び差押えを禁じられた権利は、この限りでない。
art-423/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-423/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-423/par-1
An obligee may exercise the right of the obligor (referred to as the "subrogor's right" below) when it is necessary to do so in order to preserve the obligee's own claim; provided, however, that this does not apply to rights which belong exclusively to and are personal to the obligor or rights which are immune from seizure.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債権者は、その債権の期限が到来しない間は、被代位権利を行使することができない。ただし、保存行為は、この限りでない。
art-423/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-423/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-423/par-2
The obligee may not exercise the subrogor's right unless and until the obligee's claim becomes due; provided, however, that this does not apply to an act of preservation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 債権者は、その債権が強制執行により実現することのできないものであるときは、被代位権利を行使することができない。
art-423/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-423/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-423/par-3
The obligee may not exercise the subrogor's right if the obligee's claim is not enforceable by judicial enforcement.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百二十三条の二（代位行使の範囲） — (Scope of Exercise by Subrogation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-423-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-423-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-423-2
**第一項** 債権者は、被代位権利を行使する場合において、被代位権利の目的が可分であるときは、自己の債権の額の限度においてのみ、被代位権利を行使することができる。
art-423-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-423-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-423-2/par-1
If the obligee exercises the subrogor's right, and the subject of the subrogor's right is divisible, the obligee may exercise the subrogor's right only to the extent of the amount of the obligee's own claim.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百二十三条の三（債権者への支払又は引渡し） — (Payment or Delivery to Obligee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-423-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-423-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-423-3
**第一項** 債権者は、被代位権利を行使する場合において、被代位権利が金銭の支払又は動産の引渡しを目的とするものであるときは、相手方に対し、その支払又は引渡しを自己に対してすることを求めることができる。この場合において、相手方が債権者に対してその支払又は引渡しをしたときは、被代位権利は、これによって消滅する。
art-423-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-423-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-423-3/par-1
If the obligee exercises the subrogor's right, and the subject of the subrogor's right is the payment of money or delivery of movables, the obligee may demand that the other party make the payment or delivery to the obligee. In such a case, if the other party makes the payment or delivery to the obligee, the subrogor's right is extinguished thereby.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百二十三条の四（相手方の抗弁） — (Defense of the Other Party)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-423-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-423-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-423-4
**第一項** 債権者が被代位権利を行使したときは、相手方は、債務者に対して主張することができる抗弁をもって、債権者に対抗することができる。
art-423-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-423-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-423-4/par-1
If the obligee exercises the subrogor's right, the other party may duly assert against the obligee any defense that may be asserted against the obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百二十三条の五（債務者の取立てその他の処分の権限等） — (Obligor's Authority to Collect and Dispose)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-423-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-423-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-423-5
**第一項** 債権者が被代位権利を行使した場合であっても、債務者は、被代位権利について、自ら取立てその他の処分をすることを妨げられない。この場合においては、相手方も、被代位権利について、債務者に対して履行をすることを妨げられない。
art-423-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-423-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-423-5/par-1
Even if the obligee exercises the subrogor's right, the obligor is not precluded from independently collecting or otherwise disposing of the subrogor's right. In such a case, the other party is not precluded from performing the obligation to the obligor with respect to the subrogor's right.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百二十三条の六（被代位権利の行使に係る訴えを提起した場合の訴訟告知） — (Notice of Suit to Be Given by Obligee That Has Filed Action Concerning Exercise of Subrogor's Right)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-423-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-423-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-423-6
**第一項** 債権者は、被代位権利の行使に係る訴えを提起したときは、遅滞なく、債務者に対し、訴訟告知をしなければならない。
art-423-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-423-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-423-6/par-1
If the obligee files an action concerning the exercise of the subrogor's right, the obligee must give a notice of suit to the obligor without delay.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百二十三条の七（登記又は登録の請求権を保全するための債権者代位権） — (Obligee's Right of Subrogation to Preserve the Right to Request Registration)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-423-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-423-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-423-7
**第一項** 登記又は登録をしなければ権利の得喪及び変更を第三者に対抗することができない財産を譲り受けた者は、その譲渡人が第三者に対して有する登記手続又は登録手続をすべきことを請求する権利を行使しないときは、その権利を行使することができる。この場合においては、前三条の規定を準用する。
art-423-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-423-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-423-7/par-1
A person that has acquired by assignment from another person a property for which the acquisition or loss of rights and the change to rights cannot be duly asserted against a third party unless registered may exercise the assignor's right to request a third party to complete the registration procedure if the assignor does not exercise that right. In such a case, the provisions of the preceding three Articles apply mutatis mutandis.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三款 詐害行為取消権 — Subsection 3 Right to Demand Revocation of Fraudulent Act
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-3
## 第一目 詐害行為取消権の要件 — Division 1 Requirements for Right to Demand Revocation of Fraudulent Act
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-3/div-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-3/div-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-3/div-1
### 第四百二十四条（詐害行為取消請求） — (Demand for Revocation of Fraudulent Act)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-424 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424
**第一項** 債権者は、債務者が債権者を害することを知ってした行為の取消しを裁判所に請求することができる。ただし、その行為によって利益を受けた者（以下この款において「受益者」という。）がその行為の時において債権者を害することを知らなかったときは、この限りでない。
art-424/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424/par-1
An obligee may demand the court to revoke an act which the obligor commits knowing that it will prejudice the obligee; provided, however, that this does not apply if a person that benefits from that act (referred to as the "beneficiary" in this Subsection below) does not know, at the time of the act, that the obligee will be prejudiced.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、財産権を目的としない行為については、適用しない。
art-424/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply to an act with a subject other than property rights.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 債権者は、その債権が第一項に規定する行為の前の原因に基づいて生じたものである場合に限り、同項の規定による請求（以下「詐害行為取消請求」という。）をすることができる。
art-424/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424/par-3
The obligee may make the demand under the provisions of paragraph (1) (referred to as "demand for revocation of fraudulent act" below) only if the obligee's claim has arisen from a cause that existed before the act prescribed in paragraph (1).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 債権者は、その債権が強制執行により実現することのできないものであるときは、詐害行為取消請求をすることができない。
art-424/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424/par-4
The obligee may not make demand for revocation of fraudulent act if the obligee's claim is not enforceable by judicial enforcement.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百二十四条の二（相当の対価を得てした財産の処分行為の特則） — (Special Provisions for Act of Disposing of Property in Exchange for Reasonable Value)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-424-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-2
**第一項** 債務者が、その有する財産を処分する行為をした場合において、受益者から相当の対価を取得しているときは、債権者は、次に掲げる要件のいずれにも該当する場合に限り、その行為について、詐害行為取消請求をすることができる。
art-424-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-2/par-1
If the obligor commits an act of disposing of a property held thereby, and, in exchange, acquires a reasonable value from the beneficiary, the obligee may make demand for revocation of fraudulent act with respect to that act only if the act satisfies all of the following requirements:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** その行為が、不動産の金銭への換価その他の当該処分による財産の種類の変更により、債務者において隠匿、無償の供与その他の債権者を害することとなる処分（以下この条において「隠匿等の処分」という。）をするおそれを現に生じさせるものであること。
art-424-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-2/par-1/item-1
the act is to lead to the risk that the obligor would conceal, gratuitously convey, or otherwise dispose of the property in a manner prejudicial to obligees (referred to as "concealment or other disposition" in this Article below) by realizing immovables or otherwise changing the kind of the property through that disposition;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 債務者が、その行為の当時、対価として取得した金銭その他の財産について、隠匿等の処分をする意思を有していたこと。
art-424-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-2/par-1/item-2
the obligor, at the time of the act, has the intention to engage in concealment or other disposition of any property such as money that the obligor acquires as in exchange for the act; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 受益者が、その行為の当時、債務者が隠匿等の処分をする意思を有していたことを知っていたこと。
art-424-2/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-2/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-2/par-1/item-3
the beneficiary, at the time of the act, knows that the obligor has the intention to engage in concealment or other disposition.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百二十四条の三（特定の債権者に対する担保の供与等の特則） — (Special Provisions for Provision of Security to Specific Obligee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-424-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-3
**第一項** 債務者がした既存の債務についての担保の供与又は債務の消滅に関する行為について、債権者は、次に掲げる要件のいずれにも該当する場合に限り、詐害行為取消請求をすることができる。
art-424-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-3/par-1
The obligee may make demand for revocation of fraudulent act with respect to an act concerning the provision of a security or extinguishment of an obligation that is committed by the obligor with regard to an existing obligation, only if the act satisfies all of the following requirements:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** その行為が、債務者が支払不能（債務者が、支払能力を欠くために、その債務のうち弁済期にあるものにつき、一般的かつ継続的に弁済することができない状態をいう。次項第一号において同じ。）の時に行われたものであること。
art-424-3/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-3/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-3/par-1/item-1
the act is committed while the obligor is unable to pay debts (meaning the condition in which the obligor, due to lack of ability to pay, is generally and continuously unable to pay debts as they become due; the same applies in item (i) of the following paragraph); and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** その行為が、債務者と受益者とが通謀して他の債権者を害する意図をもって行われたものであること。
art-424-3/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-3/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-3/par-1/item-2
the act is committed by the obligor in collusion with the beneficiary with the intention to prejudice other obligees.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項に規定する行為が、債務者の義務に属せず、又はその時期が債務者の義務に属しないものである場合において、次に掲げる要件のいずれにも該当するときは、債権者は、同項の規定にかかわらず、その行為について、詐害行為取消請求をすることができる。
art-424-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-3/par-2
If the act prescribed in the preceding paragraph is not within the scope of the obligor's obligation or the time of the act is not such that is required as the obligor's obligation, and it satisfies all of the following requirements, the obligee may make demand for revocation of fraudulent act with respect to that act, notwithstanding the provisions of that paragraph:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** その行為が、債務者が支払不能になる前三十日以内に行われたものであること。
art-424-3/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-3/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-3/par-2/item-1
the act is committed within 30 days before the obligor became unable to pay debts; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** その行為が、債務者と受益者とが通謀して他の債権者を害する意図をもって行われたものであること。
art-424-3/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-3/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-3/par-2/item-2
the act is committed by the obligor in collusion with the beneficiary with the intention to prejudice other obligees.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百二十四条の四（過大な代物弁済等の特則） — (Special Provisions for Substitute Performance for Excessive Consideration)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-424-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-4
**第一項** 債務者がした債務の消滅に関する行為であって、受益者の受けた給付の価額がその行為によって消滅した債務の額より過大であるものについて、第四百二十四条に規定する要件に該当するときは、債権者は、前条第一項の規定にかかわらず、その消滅した債務の額に相当する部分以外の部分については、詐害行為取消請求をすることができる。
art-424-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-4/par-1
With respect to an act concerning the extinguishment of an obligation which has been committed by the obligor, if the value of the payment or delivery received by the beneficiary exceeds the amount of the obligation extinguished by that act, and the act satisfies the requirement prescribed in Article 424, the obligee may make demand for revocation of fraudulent act with regard to the part other than the part corresponding to the amount of the obligation extinguished, notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百二十四条の五（転得者に対する詐害行為取消請求） — (Demand for Revocation of Fraudulent Act against Subsequent Acquirer)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-424-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-5
**第一項** 債権者は、受益者に対して詐害行為取消請求をすることができる場合において、受益者に移転した財産を転得した者があるときは、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じ、それぞれ当該各号に定める場合に限り、その転得者に対しても、詐害行為取消請求をすることができる。
art-424-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-5/par-1
If the obligee is entitled to make demand revocation for fraudulent act against the beneficiary, and a person subsequently acquires the property which has been transferred to the beneficiary, the obligee may also make demand for revocation of fraudulent act against the subsequent acquirer only in the situations specified in the following items according to the categories stated in the respective items:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** その転得者が受益者から転得した者である場合 その転得者が、転得の当時、債務者がした行為が債権者を害することを知っていたとき。
art-424-5/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-5/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-5/par-1/item-1
if the subsequent acquirer acquires the property from the beneficiary:the subsequent acquirer, at the time of the acquisition, knows that the obligor's act will be prejudicial to the obligee; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** その転得者が他の転得者から転得した者である場合 その転得者及びその前に転得した全ての転得者が、それぞれの転得の当時、債務者がした行為が債権者を害することを知っていたとき。
art-424-5/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-5/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-5/par-1/item-2
if the subsequent acquirer acquires the property from another subsequent acquirer:the relevant subsequent acquirer and all the subsequent acquirers that previously acquired the property, at the time of their respective acquisitions, know that the obligor's act will be prejudicial to the obligee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二目 詐害行為取消権の行使の方法等 — Division 2 Method of Exercising Right to Demand Revocation of Fraudulent Act
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-3/div-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-3/div-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-3/div-2
### 第四百二十四条の六（財産の返還又は価額の償還の請求） — (Demand of Return of Property or Reimbursement of Value)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-424-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-6
**第一項** 債権者は、受益者に対する詐害行為取消請求において、債務者がした行為の取消しとともに、その行為によって受益者に移転した財産の返還を請求することができる。受益者がその財産の返還をすることが困難であるときは、債権者は、その価額の償還を請求することができる。
art-424-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-6/par-1
In making demand for revocation of fraudulent act against the beneficiary, the obligee may demand the revocation of the act committed by the obligor and also demand the return of the property which has been transferred to the beneficiary as a result of that act. If it is difficult for the beneficiary to return the property, the obligee may demand the reimbursement of its value.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債権者は、転得者に対する詐害行為取消請求において、債務者がした行為の取消しとともに、転得者が転得した財産の返還を請求することができる。転得者がその財産の返還をすることが困難であるときは、債権者は、その価額の償還を請求することができる。
art-424-6/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-6/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-6/par-2
In making demand for revocation of fraudulent act against the subsequent acquirer, the obligee may demand the revocation of the act committed by the obligor and also demand the return of the property which has been acquired by the subsequent acquirer. If it is difficult for the subsequent acquirer to return the property, the obligee may demand the reimbursement of its value.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百二十四条の七（被告及び訴訟告知） — (Defendant and Notice of Suit)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-424-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-7
**第一項** 詐害行為取消請求に係る訴えについては、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じ、それぞれ当該各号に定める者を被告とする。
art-424-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-7/par-1
In an action concerning demand for revocation of fraudulent act, the person specified in each of the following items according to the categories stated in the respective items stands as a defendant:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 受益者に対する詐害行為取消請求に係る訴え 受益者
art-424-7/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-7/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-7/par-1/item-1
an action concerning demand for revocation of fraudulent act against the beneficiary:the beneficiary; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 転得者に対する詐害行為取消請求に係る訴え その詐害行為取消請求の相手方である転得者
art-424-7/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-7/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-7/par-1/item-2
an action concerning demand for revocation of fraudulent act against the subsequent acquirer:the subsequent acquirer that is the other party to the demand for revocation of fraudulent act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債権者は、詐害行為取消請求に係る訴えを提起したときは、遅滞なく、債務者に対し、訴訟告知をしなければならない。
art-424-7/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-7/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-7/par-2
If the obligee files an action concerning demand for revocation of fraudulent act, the obligee must give notice of suit to the obligor without delay.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百二十四条の八（詐害行為の取消しの範囲） — (Scope of Fraudulent Act to Be Revoked)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-424-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-8
**第一項** 債権者は、詐害行為取消請求をする場合において、債務者がした行為の目的が可分であるときは、自己の債権の額の限度においてのみ、その行為の取消しを請求することができる。
art-424-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-8/par-1
If the obligee makes demand for revocation of fraudulent act, and the subject of the act committed by the obligor is divisible, the obligee may demand revocation of the act only to the extent of the amount of the obligee's own claim.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債権者が第四百二十四条の六第一項後段又は第二項後段の規定により価額の償還を請求する場合についても、前項と同様とする。
art-424-8/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-8/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-8/par-2
The preceding paragraph also applies if the obligee demands the reimbursement of value pursuant to the provisions of the second sentence of Article 424-6, paragraph (1) or the second sentence of paragraph (2) of that Article.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百二十四条の九（債権者への支払又は引渡し） — (Payment or Delivery to Obligee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-424-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-9
**第一項** 債権者は、第四百二十四条の六第一項前段又は第二項前段の規定により受益者又は転得者に対して財産の返還を請求する場合において、その返還の請求が金銭の支払又は動産の引渡しを求めるものであるときは、受益者に対してその支払又は引渡しを、転得者に対してその引渡しを、自己に対してすることを求めることができる。この場合において、受益者又は転得者は、債権者に対してその支払又は引渡しをしたときは、債務者に対してその支払又は引渡しをすることを要しない。
art-424-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-9/par-1
If the obligee demands the return of property from the beneficiary or subsequent acquirer pursuant to the provisions of the first sentence of Article 424-6, paragraph (1) or the first sentence of paragraph (2) of that Article, and the subject of the demand for return is the payment of money or delivery of movables, the obligee may demand that the beneficiary make the payment or delivery to the obligee or that the subsequent acquirer make the delivery to the obligee. In such a case, if the beneficiary or subsequent acquirer makes the payment or delivery to the obligee, they are not required to make the payment or delivery to the obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債権者が第四百二十四条の六第一項後段又は第二項後段の規定により受益者又は転得者に対して価額の償還を請求する場合についても、前項と同様とする。
art-424-9/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424-9/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424-9/par-2
The preceding paragraph also applies if the obligee demands the reimbursement of value from the beneficiary or subsequent acquirer pursuant to the provisions of the second sentence of Article 424-6, paragraph (1) or the second sentence of paragraph (2) of that Article.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三目 詐害行為取消権の行使の効果 — Division 3 Effect of Exercise of Right to Demand Revocation of Fraudulent Act
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-3/div-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-3/div-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-3/div-3
### 第四百二十五条（認容判決の効力が及ぶ者の範囲） — (Scope of Persons Affected by Upholding Judgment)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-425 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-425 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-425
**第一項** 詐害行為取消請求を認容する確定判決は、債務者及びその全ての債権者に対してもその効力を有する。
art-425/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-425/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-425/par-1
A final and binding judgment upholding demand for revocation of fraudulent act is effective against the obligor and all obligees.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百二十五条の二（債務者の受けた反対給付に関する受益者の権利） — (Beneficiary's Right for Counter-Performance Received by Obligor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-425-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-425-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-425-2
**第一項** 債務者がした財産の処分に関する行為（債務の消滅に関する行為を除く。）が取り消されたときは、受益者は、債務者に対し、その財産を取得するためにした反対給付の返還を請求することができる。債務者がその反対給付の返還をすることが困難であるときは、受益者は、その価額の償還を請求することができる。
art-425-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-425-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-425-2/par-1
If an act concerning the disposition of property conducted by the obligor (excluding an act concerning the extinguishment of an obligation) is revoked, the beneficiary may demand that the obligor return the counter-performance that the beneficiary completed in order to acquire the property. If it is difficult for the obligor to return the counter-performance, the beneficiary may demand the reimbursement of its value.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百二十五条の三（受益者の債権の回復） — (Restoration of Beneficiary's Claim)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-425-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-425-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-425-3
**第一項** 債務者がした債務の消滅に関する行為が取り消された場合（第四百二十四条の四の規定により取り消された場合を除く。）において、受益者が債務者から受けた給付を返還し、又はその価額を償還したときは、受益者の債務者に対する債権は、これによって原状に復する。
art-425-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-425-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-425-3/par-1
If an act concerning the extinguishment of an obligation conducted by the obligor is revoked (excluding the case of revocation pursuant to the provisions of Article 424-4), and the beneficiary returns the payment or delivery received from the obligor or reimburse its value, this restores the beneficiary's claim against the obligor to its original state.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百二十五条の四（詐害行為取消請求を受けた転得者の権利） — (Right of Subsequent Acquirer Subject to Demand for Revocation of Fraudulent Act)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-425-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-425-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-425-4
**第一項** 債務者がした行為が転得者に対する詐害行為取消請求によって取り消されたときは、その転得者は、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じ、それぞれ当該各号に定める権利を行使することができる。ただし、その転得者がその前者から財産を取得するためにした反対給付又はその前者から財産を取得することによって消滅した債権の価額を限度とする。
art-425-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-425-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-425-4/par-1
If an act done by the obligor is revoked by the demand for revocation of fraudulent act made against the subsequent acquirer, the subsequent acquirer may exercise the right specified in each of the following items according to the categories stated in the respective items; provided, however, that this is limited to the value of the counter-performance which was completed by the subsequent acquirer in order to acquire the property from the predecessor or the value of the claim which was extinguished as a result of the acquisition of the property by the subsequent acquirer from the predecessor:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 第四百二十五条の二に規定する行為が取り消された場合 その行為が受益者に対する詐害行為取消請求によって取り消されたとすれば同条の規定により生ずべき受益者の債務者に対する反対給付の返還請求権又はその価額の償還請求権
art-425-4/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-425-4/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-425-4/par-1/item-1
if the act prescribed in Article 425-2 is revoked:the beneficiary's right to demand return of the counter-performance or right to demand reimbursement of its value from the obligor, which should have arisen pursuant to the provisions of that Article if the act were revoked by the demand for revocation of fraudulent act against the beneficiary; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 前条に規定する行為が取り消された場合（第四百二十四条の四の規定により取り消された場合を除く。） その行為が受益者に対する詐害行為取消請求によって取り消されたとすれば前条の規定により回復すべき受益者の債務者に対する債権
art-425-4/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-425-4/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-425-4/par-1/item-2
if the act prescribed in the preceding Article is revoked (excluding the case of revocation pursuant to the provisions of Article 424-4):the beneficiary's claim against the obligor, which should have been restored pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article if the act were revoked by demand for revocation of fraudulent act against the beneficiary.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四目 詐害行為取消権の期間の制限 — Division 4 Limitation on Period for Right to Demand Revocation of Fraudulent Act
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-3/div-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-3/div-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-3/div-4
### 第四百二十六条
art-426 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-426 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-426
**第一項** 詐害行為取消請求に係る訴えは、債務者が債権者を害することを知って行為をしたことを債権者が知った時から二年を経過したときは、提起することができない。行為の時から十年を経過したときも、同様とする。
art-426/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-426/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-426/par-1
No action for demand for revocation of fraudulent act may be filed if two years have passed from the time when the obligee came to know that the obligor committed the act knowing that it would be prejudicial to the obligee. The same applies if 10 years have passed from the time of the act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三節 多数当事者の債権及び債務 — Section 3 Claims and Obligations with Multiple-Parties
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-3
## 第一款 総則 — Subsection 1 General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-1
### 第四百二十七条（分割債権及び分割債務） — (Divisible Claims and Divisible Obligations)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-427 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-427 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-427
**第一項** 数人の債権者又は債務者がある場合において、別段の意思表示がないときは、各債権者又は各債務者は、それぞれ等しい割合で権利を有し、又は義務を負う。
art-427/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-427/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-427/par-1
If there are more than one obligee or obligor, unless a particular intention is manifested, each obligee or each obligor has rights or obligations in equal ratios.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二款 不可分債権及び不可分債務 — Subsection 2 Indivisible Claims and Indivisible Obligations
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-2
### 第四百二十八条（不可分債権） — (Indivisible Claim)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-428 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-428 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-428
**第一項** 次款（連帯債権）の規定（第四百三十三条及び第四百三十五条の規定を除く。）は、債権の目的がその性質上不可分である場合において、数人の債権者があるときについて準用する。
art-428/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-428/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-428/par-1
The provisions of the following Subsection (Joint and Several Claims) (excluding the provisions of Articles 433 and 435) apply mutatis mutandis if the subject of a claim is indivisible by nature and the claim is held by two or more obligees.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百二十九条（不可分債権者の一人との間の更改又は免除） — (Novation or Release between Obligor and One Obligee of Indivisible Claim)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-429 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-429 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-429
**第一項** 不可分債権者の一人と債務者との間に更改又は免除があった場合においても、他の不可分債権者は、債務の全部の履行を請求することができる。この場合においては、その一人の不可分債権者がその権利を失わなければ分与されるべき利益を債務者に償還しなければならない。
art-429/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-429/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-429/par-1
Even if there is a novation or release between one of the obligees of an indivisible claim and the obligor, other obligees may request the obligor to perform the obligation in whole. In such a case, the benefit which should have been allocated to that one obligee if that obligee did not lose the relevant right must be reimbursed to the obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百三十条（不可分債務） — (Indivisible Obligation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-430 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-430 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-430
**第一項** 第四款（連帯債務）の規定（第四百四十条の規定を除く。）は、債務の目的がその性質上不可分である場合において、数人の債務者があるときについて準用する。
art-430/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-430/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-430/par-1
The provisions of Subsection 4 (Joint and Several Obligation) (excluding the provisions of Article 440) apply mutatis mutandis if the subject of an obligation is indivisible by nature and there are multiple obligors.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百三十一条（可分債権又は可分債務への変更） — (Changing into Divisible Claims or Divisible Obligations)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-431 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-431 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-431
**第一項** 不可分債権が可分債権となったときは、各債権者は自己が権利を有する部分についてのみ履行を請求することができ、不可分債務が可分債務となったときは、各債務者はその負担部分についてのみ履行の責任を負う。
art-431/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-431/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-431/par-1
If an indivisible claim becomes a divisible claim, each obligee may request the performance only of the share of the claim to which each obligee is entitled, and if an indivisible obligation becomes a divisible obligation, each obligor is liable only for the share of the obligation for which each obligor is liable.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三款 連帯債権 — Subsection 3 Joint and Several Claims
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-3
### 第四百三十二条（連帯債権者による履行の請求等） — (Request by Joint and Several Obligees for Performance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-432 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-432 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-432
**第一項** 債権の目的がその性質上可分である場合において、法令の規定又は当事者の意思表示によって数人が連帯して債権を有するときは、各債権者は、全ての債権者のために全部又は一部の履行を請求することができ、債務者は、全ての債権者のために各債権者に対して履行をすることができる。
art-432/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-432/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-432/par-1
If the subject of a claim is divisible by nature, and two or more persons hold the claim jointly and severally based on the provisions of laws and regulations or the manifestation of intention of the parties, each obligee may request the performance in whole or in part for the benefit of all obligees, and the obligor may perform for each obligee for the benefit of all obligees.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百三十三条（連帯債権者の一人との間の更改又は免除） — (Novation or Release between Obligor and One of Joint and Several Obligees)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-433 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-433 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-433
**第一項** 連帯債権者の一人と債務者との間に更改又は免除があったときは、その連帯債権者がその権利を失わなければ分与されるべき利益に係る部分については、他の連帯債権者は、履行を請求することができない。
art-433/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-433/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-433/par-1
If there is a novation or release between one of the joint and several obligees and the obligor, the other obligees may not request performance of the part concerning the benefit which should have been allocated to that one obligee if the obligee did not lose the relevant right.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百三十四条（連帯債権者の一人との間の相殺） — (Set-Off between Obligor and One of Joint and Several Obligees)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-434 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-434 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-434
**第一項** 債務者が連帯債権者の一人に対して債権を有する場合において、その債務者が相殺を援用したときは、その相殺は、他の連帯債権者に対しても、その効力を生ずる。
art-434/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-434/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-434/par-1
If the obligor has a claim against one of the joint and several obligees, and the obligor invokes a set-off, the set-off becomes effective against other joint and several obligees as well.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百三十五条（連帯債権者の一人との間の混同） — (Merger of Obligor with One of Joint and Several Obligees)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-435 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-435 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-435
**第一項** 連帯債権者の一人と債務者との間に混同があったときは、債務者は、弁済をしたものとみなす。
art-435/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-435/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-435/par-1
If there is a merger between one of the joint and several obligees and the obligor, the obligor is deemed to have performed the obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百三十五条の二（相対的効力の原則） — (Principle of Relative Effect)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-435-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-435-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-435-2
**第一項** 第四百三十二条から前条までに規定する場合を除き、連帯債権者の一人の行為又は一人について生じた事由は、他の連帯債権者に対してその効力を生じない。ただし、他の連帯債権者の一人及び債務者が別段の意思を表示したときは、当該他の連帯債権者に対する効力は、その意思に従う。
art-435-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-435-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-435-2/par-1
Except in cases prescribed in Article 432 through the preceding Article, any act of one of the joint and several obligees or any circumstances which have arisen with respect to one of the joint and several obligees do not become effective in relation to other joint and several obligees; provided, however, that if one of the other joint and several obligees and the obligor manifest a particular intention, their intention prevails with respect to the effect in relation to the remaining other joint and several obligees.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四款 連帯債務 — Subsection 4 Joint and Several Obligations
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-4
### 第四百三十六条（連帯債務者に対する履行の請求） — (Request to Joint and Several Obligors for Performance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-436 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-436 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-436
**第一項** 債務の目的がその性質上可分である場合において、法令の規定又は当事者の意思表示によって数人が連帯して債務を負担するときは、債権者は、その連帯債務者の一人に対し、又は同時に若しくは順次に全ての連帯債務者に対し、全部又は一部の履行を請求することができる。
art-436/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-436/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-436/par-1
If the subject of an obligation is indivisible by nature, and two or more persons bear the obligation jointly and severally based on the provisions of laws and regulations or the manifestation of intention of the parties, the obligee may request one of the joint and several obligors, or all of the joint and several obligors, simultaneously or successively, to perform the obligation, in whole or in part.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百三十七条（連帯債務者の一人についての法律行為の無効等） — (Invalidity of Juridical Act with Respect to One of Joint and Several Obligors)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-437 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-437 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-437
**第一項** 連帯債務者の一人について法律行為の無効又は取消しの原因があっても、他の連帯債務者の債務は、その効力を妨げられない。
art-437/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-437/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-437/par-1
Even if there are grounds for the invalidity or rescission of a juridical act with respect to one of the joint and several obligors, the validity of the obligation of other joint and several obligor is not impaired.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百三十八条（連帯債務者の一人との間の更改） — (Novation between Obligee and One of Joint and Several Obligors)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-438 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-438 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-438
**第一項** 連帯債務者の一人と債権者との間に更改があったときは、債権は、全ての連帯債務者の利益のために消滅する。
art-438/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-438/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-438/par-1
If novation takes place between one of the joint and several obligors and the obligee, the claim is extinguished for the benefit of all joint and several obligors.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百三十九条（連帯債務者の一人による相殺等） — (Set-Offs by One of Joint and Several Obligors)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-439 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-439 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-439
**第一項** 連帯債務者の一人が債権者に対して債権を有する場合において、その連帯債務者が相殺を援用したときは、債権は、全ての連帯債務者の利益のために消滅する。
art-439/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-439/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-439/par-1
If one of the joint and several obligors has a claim against the obligee and invokes a set-off, the claim is extinguished for the benefit of all joint and several obligors.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の債権を有する連帯債務者が相殺を援用しない間は、その連帯債務者の負担部分の限度において、他の連帯債務者は、債権者に対して債務の履行を拒むことができる。
art-439/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-439/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-439/par-2
Until the joint and several obligor that has the claim referred to in the preceding paragraph invokes a set-off, other joint and several obligors may refuse to perform the obligation to the obligee only to the extent of that joint and several obligor's share of the obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百四十条（連帯債務者の一人との間の混同） — (Merger with One of Joint and Several Obligors)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-440 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-440 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-440
**第一項** 連帯債務者の一人と債権者との間に混同があったときは、その連帯債務者は、弁済をしたものとみなす。
art-440/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-440/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-440/par-1
If there is a merger between one of the joint and several obligors and the obligee, the joint and several obligor is deemed to have performed the obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百四十一条（相対的効力の原則） — (Principle of Relative Effect)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-441 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-441 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-441
**第一項** 第四百三十八条、第四百三十九条第一項及び前条に規定する場合を除き、連帯債務者の一人について生じた事由は、他の連帯債務者に対してその効力を生じない。ただし、債権者及び他の連帯債務者の一人が別段の意思を表示したときは、当該他の連帯債務者に対する効力は、その意思に従う。
art-441/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-441/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-441/par-1
Except in cases prescribed in Articles 438, Article 439, paragraph (1), and the preceding Article, any circumstances which have arisen with respect to one of the joint and several obligors is not effective in relation to other joint and several obligors; provided, however, that if the obligee and one of the other joint and several obligors manifest a different intention, their intention prevails with respect to the effect in relation to the remaining other joint and several obligees.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百四十二条（連帯債務者間の求償権） — (Right to Reimbursement Among Joint and Several Obligors)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-442 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-442 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-442
**第一項** 連帯債務者の一人が弁済をし、その他自己の財産をもって共同の免責を得たときは、その連帯債務者は、その免責を得た額が自己の負担部分を超えるかどうかにかかわらず、他の連帯債務者に対し、その免責を得るために支出した財産の額（その財産の額が共同の免責を得た額を超える場合にあっては、その免責を得た額）のうち各自の負担部分に応じた額の求償権を有する。
art-442/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-442/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-442/par-1
If one of the joint and several obligors performs the obligation or otherwise obtain a common discharge in exchange for that obligor's own property, the joint and several obligor has the right to reimbursement from other joint and several obligors for the amounts in proportion to their respective shares of the obligation of the amount of the property expended by the joint and several obligor in order to obtain the discharge (if the amount of property exceeds the amount after the common discharge, the amount thus discharged), regardless of whether the amount discharged exceeds the amount of the joint and several obligor's own share.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定による求償は、弁済その他免責があった日以後の法定利息及び避けることができなかった費用その他の損害の賠償を包含する。
art-442/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-442/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-442/par-2
The reimbursement under the provisions of the preceding paragraph includes the compensation of the statutory interest which accrues on or after the day of the performance of the obligation or other discharge, and the compensation for unavoidable expenses and other loss or damage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百四十三条（通知を怠った連帯債務者の求償の制限） — (Limitation on Reimbursement to Joint and Several Obligor That Has Failed to Give Notice)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-443 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-443 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-443
**第一項** 他の連帯債務者があることを知りながら、連帯債務者の一人が共同の免責を得ることを他の連帯債務者に通知しないで弁済をし、その他自己の財産をもって共同の免責を得た場合において、他の連帯債務者は、債権者に対抗することができる事由を有していたときは、その負担部分について、その事由をもってその免責を得た連帯債務者に対抗することができる。この場合において、相殺をもってその免責を得た連帯債務者に対抗したときは、その連帯債務者は、債権者に対し、相殺によって消滅すべきであった債務の履行を請求することができる。
art-443/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-443/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-443/par-1
If one of the joint and several obligors performs the obligation or otherwise obtains a common discharge in exchange for that obligor's own property, while knowing the existence of other joint and several obligors but without giving notice of the common discharge to the other joint and several obligors, another joint and several obligor has a defense that may be duly asserted against the obligee, the other joint and several obligor may duly assert that defense against the joint and several obligor that obtained the discharge to the extent of the other obligor's share of the obligation. In such a case, if the other joint and several obligor duly asserts a set-off as defense against the joint and several obligor that obtained the discharge, the joint and several obligor may request the obligee to perform the obligation which should have been extinguished due to set-off.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 弁済をし、その他自己の財産をもって共同の免責を得た連帯債務者が、他の連帯債務者があることを知りながらその免責を得たことを他の連帯債務者に通知することを怠ったため、他の連帯債務者が善意で弁済その他自己の財産をもって免責を得るための行為をしたときは、当該他の連帯債務者は、その免責を得るための行為を有効であったものとみなすことができる。
art-443/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-443/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-443/par-2
If one of the joint and several obligors that has performed the obligation or otherwise obtained a common discharge in exchange for that obligor's own property, while knowing the existence of other joint and several obligors, fails to give notice of the acquisition of the discharge to the other joint and several obligors, and as a result, another joint and several obligor performs the obligation or performs another act in good faith to obtain discharge in exchange for that obligor's own property, the other joint and several obligor may deem that the act performed to obtain the discharge is valid.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百四十四条（償還をする資力のない者の負担部分の分担） — (Allocation of Share of Person Who Does Not Have Sufficient Financial Resources for Reimbursement)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-444 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-444 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-444
**第一項** 連帯債務者の中に償還をする資力のない者があるときは、その償還をすることができない部分は、求償者及び他の資力のある者の間で、各自の負担部分に応じて分割して負担する。
art-444/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-444/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-444/par-1
If one of the joint and several obligors does not have the sufficient financial resources to make the reimbursement, the portion that is unable to be reimbursed is borne by the joint and several obligor that demands the reimbursement and the other joint and several obligors that have the financial resources, in proportion to their respective shares of the obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項に規定する場合において、求償者及び他の資力のある者がいずれも負担部分を有しない者であるときは、その償還をすることができない部分は、求償者及び他の資力のある者の間で、等しい割合で分割して負担する。
art-444/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-444/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-444/par-2
In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if neither the joint and several obligor that demands the reimbursement nor the other obligors that have the financial resources have shares of the obligation, the portion that is unable to be reimbursed is borne equally among the joint and several obligor that demands the reimbursement and the other obligors that have the financial resources.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定にかかわらず、償還を受けることができないことについて求償者に過失があるときは、他の連帯債務者に対して分担を請求することができない。
art-444/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-444/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-444/par-3
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, if the joint and several obligor that demands the reimbursement is unable to receive the reimbursement due to negligence, that joint and several obligor may not request other joint and several obligors to bear their respective shares of the obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百四十五条（連帯債務者の一人との間の免除等と求償権） — (Release of One Joint and Several Obligor and Right to Reimbursement)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-445 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-445 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-445
**第一項** 連帯債務者の一人に対して債務の免除がされ、又は連帯債務者の一人のために時効が完成した場合においても、他の連帯債務者は、その一人の連帯債務者に対し、第四百四十二条第一項の求償権を行使することができる。
art-445/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-445/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-445/par-1
Even if one of the joint and several obligors is released from the obligation or the prescription period expires for one of the joint and several obligors, other joint and several obligors may exercise the right to reimbursement referred to in Article 442, paragraph (1) against that one joint and several obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第五款 保証債務 — Subsection 5 Guarantee Obligation
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-5
## 第一目 総則 — Division 1 General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-5/div-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-5/div-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-5/div-1
### 第四百四十六条（保証人の責任等） — (Responsibility of Guarantor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-446 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-446 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-446
**第一項** 保証人は、主たる債務者がその債務を履行しないときに、その履行をする責任を負う。
art-446/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-446/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-446/par-1
A guarantor has the responsibility to perform the obligation of the principal obligor when the latter fails to perform that obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 保証契約は、書面でしなければ、その効力を生じない。
art-446/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-446/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-446/par-2
No guarantee contract becomes effective unless it is made in writing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 保証契約がその内容を記録した電磁的記録によってされたときは、その保証契約は、書面によってされたものとみなして、前項の規定を適用する。
art-446/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-446/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-446/par-3
If a guarantee contract is concluded by electronic or magnetic record which records its terms, the guarantee contract is deemed to be made in writing, and the provisions of the preceding paragraph apply.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百四十七条（保証債務の範囲） — (Scope of Guarantee Obligation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-447 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-447 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-447
**第一項** 保証債務は、主たる債務に関する利息、違約金、損害賠償その他その債務に従たるすべてのものを包含する。
art-447/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-447/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-447/par-1
The guarantee obligation includes interest, penalty and damages in connection with the principal obligation, and all other charges secondary to that obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 保証人は、その保証債務についてのみ、違約金又は損害賠償の額を約定することができる。
art-447/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-447/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-447/par-2
A guarantor may stipulate the amount of penalty or damages with regard to the guarantor's own guarantee obligation only.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百四十八条（保証人の負担と主たる債務の目的又は態様） — (Burden of Guarantor, and Subject or Terms of Principal Obligation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-448 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-448 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-448
**第一項** 保証人の負担が債務の目的又は態様において主たる債務より重いときは、これを主たる債務の限度に減縮する。
art-448/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-448/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-448/par-1
If the burden of a guarantor is more onerous than the principal obligation as to either its subject or terms, it is reduced to the extent of the principal obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 主たる債務の目的又は態様が保証契約の締結後に加重されたときであっても、保証人の負担は加重されない。
art-448/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-448/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-448/par-2
Even if the subject or terms of the principal obligation are made more onerous after the conclusion of a guarantee contract, the burden of the guarantor remains unchanged.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百四十九条（取り消すことができる債務の保証） — (Guarantee of Revocable Obligations)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-449 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-449 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-449
**第一項** 行為能力の制限によって取り消すことができる債務を保証した者は、保証契約の時においてその取消しの原因を知っていたときは、主たる債務の不履行の場合又はその債務の取消しの場合においてこれと同一の目的を有する独立の債務を負担したものと推定する。
art-449/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-449/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-449/par-1
If a guarantor that guarantees an obligation which may be revocable due to the principal obligor's limited capacity to act, is aware, at the time of entering into a guarantee contract, of the cause for its revocability, that guarantor is presumed to have assumed an independent obligation of the same subject in the event of non-performance by the principal obligor or revocation of the obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百五十条（保証人の要件） — (Requirements for Guarantor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-450 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-450 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-450
**第一項** 債務者が保証人を立てる義務を負う場合には、その保証人は、次に掲げる要件を具備する者でなければならない。
art-450/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-450/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-450/par-1
If an obligor has the obligation to provide a guarantor, that guarantor must:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 行為能力者であること。
art-450/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-450/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-450/par-1/item-1
be a person with capacity to act; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 弁済をする資力を有すること。
art-450/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-450/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-450/par-1/item-2
have sufficient financial resources to pay the obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 保証人が前項第二号に掲げる要件を欠くに至ったときは、債権者は、同項各号に掲げる要件を具備する者をもってこれに代えることを請求することができる。
art-450/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-450/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-450/par-2
If the guarantor ceases to meet the requirements stated in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph, the obligee may demand that some other person meeting the requirements stated in any item of the same paragraph be substituted for that guarantor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定は、債権者が保証人を指名した場合には、適用しない。
art-450/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-450/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-450/par-3
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply if the obligee has designated the guarantor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百五十一条（他の担保の供与） — (Providing Other Security)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-451 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-451 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-451
**第一項** 債務者は、前条第一項各号に掲げる要件を具備する保証人を立てることができないときは、他の担保を供してこれに代えることができる。
art-451/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-451/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-451/par-1
If an obligor is unable to provide a guarantor meeting the requirements stated in any item of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the obligor may provide other security in lieu of the guarantor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百五十二条（催告の抗弁） — (Defense of No Demand by Obligee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-452 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-452 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-452
**第一項** 債権者が保証人に債務の履行を請求したときは、保証人は、まず主たる債務者に催告をすべき旨を請求することができる。ただし、主たる債務者が破産手続開始の決定を受けたとき、又はその行方が知れないときは、この限りでない。
art-452/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-452/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-452/par-1
If an obligee has requested performance of an obligation from the guarantor, the guarantor may request the obligee to demand performance of the principal obligor first; provided, however, that this does not apply if the principal obligor is subject to an order commencing bankruptcy proceeding or if the principal obligor's whereabouts are unknown.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百五十三条（検索の抗弁） — (Defense of Debtor's Solvency)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-453 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-453 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-453
**第一項** 債権者が前条の規定に従い主たる債務者に催告をした後であっても、保証人が主たる債務者に弁済をする資力があり、かつ、執行が容易であることを証明したときは、債権者は、まず主たる債務者の財産について執行をしなければならない。
art-453/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-453/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-453/par-1
Even after the obligee has made a demand to the principal obligor in accordance with the provisions of the preceding Article, the obligee must first execute on the property of the principal obligor if the guarantor proves that the principal obligor has the financial resources to pay the obligation and that the execution can be easily performed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百五十四条（連帯保証の場合の特則） — (Special Provisions for Joint and Several Guarantee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-454 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-454 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-454
**第一項** 保証人は、主たる債務者と連帯して債務を負担したときは、前二条の権利を有しない。
art-454/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-454/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-454/par-1
If a guarantor has assumed an obligation jointly and severally with the principal obligor, the guarantor does not have the rights set forth in the preceding two Articles.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百五十五条（催告の抗弁及び検索の抗弁の効果） — (Effect of Defense of No Demand by Obligee and Defense of Debtor's Solvency)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-455 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-455 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-455
**第一項** 第四百五十二条又は第四百五十三条の規定により保証人の請求又は証明があったにもかかわらず、債権者が催告又は執行をすることを怠ったために主たる債務者から全部の弁済を得られなかったときは、保証人は、債権者が直ちに催告又は執行をすれば弁済を得ることができた限度において、その義務を免れる。
art-455/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-455/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-455/par-1
If after the guarantor makes a request or gives proof pursuant to the provisions of Article 452 or Article 453, the obligee fails to demand or to levy execution and becomes unable to obtain full performance from the principal obligor as a result of that, the guarantor is released from the obligation to the extent that the obligee would have received payment if the obligee had immediately demanded or levied execution.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百五十六条（数人の保証人がある場合） — (Cases with Multiple Guarantors)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-456 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-456 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-456
**第一項** 数人の保証人がある場合には、それらの保証人が各別の行為により債務を負担したときであっても、第四百二十七条の規定を適用する。
art-456/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-456/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-456/par-1
If there are multiple guarantors, the provisions of Article 427 apply even if their obligations arise from individual acts.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百五十七条（主たる債務者について生じた事由の効力） — (Effect of Circumstance Which Arises with Respect to the Principal Obligor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-457 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-457 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-457
**第一項** 主たる債務者に対する履行の請求その他の事由による時効の完成猶予及び更新は、保証人に対しても、その効力を生ずる。
art-457/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-457/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-457/par-1
The postponement of expiration of prescription period and the renewal of prescription period due to grounds such as a request for performance in relation to the principal obligor are also effective in relation to the guarantor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 保証人は、主たる債務者が主張することができる抗弁をもって債権者に対抗することができる。
art-457/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-457/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-457/par-2
A guarantor may assert against the obligee a defense that can be raised by the principal obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 主たる債務者が債権者に対して相殺権、取消権又は解除権を有するときは、これらの権利の行使によって主たる債務者がその債務を免れるべき限度において、保証人は、債権者に対して債務の履行を拒むことができる。
art-457/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-457/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-457/par-3
If the principal obligor has a right to set-off, right to revoke or right to cancel against the obligee, the guarantor may refuse to perform the obligation to the obligee to the extent that the principal obligor should have been released from the obligation by exercising these rights.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百五十八条（連帯保証人について生じた事由の効力） — (Effect of Circumstance Which Arises with Respect to Jointly and Severally Liable Guarantor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-458 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-458 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-458
**第一項** 第四百三十八条、第四百三十九条第一項、第四百四十条及び第四百四十一条の規定は、主たる債務者と連帯して債務を負担する保証人について生じた事由について準用する。
art-458/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-458/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-458/par-1
The provisions of Article 438, Article 439, paragraph (1), Article 440, and Article 441 apply mutatis mutandis to circumstances which arise with regard to the guarantor that bears the obligation jointly and severally with the principal obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百五十八条の二（主たる債務の履行状況に関する情報の提供義務） — (Obligee's Duty to Provide Information on the Status of Performance of Principal Obligation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-458-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-458-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-458-2
**第一項** 保証人が主たる債務者の委託を受けて保証をした場合において、保証人の請求があったときは、債権者は、保証人に対し、遅滞なく、主たる債務の元本及び主たる債務に関する利息、違約金、損害賠償その他その債務に従たる全てのものについての不履行の有無並びにこれらの残額及びそのうち弁済期が到来しているものの額に関する情報を提供しなければならない。
art-458-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-458-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-458-2/par-1
If a guarantor gives guarantee as requested by the principal obligor, the obligee, upon request of the guarantor, must provide, without delay, the guarantor with information concerning whether or not there has been a default in terms of the principal of the principal obligation or any interest, penalty or damages in connection with the principal obligation or any other charges secondary to the obligation, as well as the remaining amount of these items and the amount of those already due.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百五十八条の三（主たる債務者が期限の利益を喪失した場合における情報の提供義務） — (Obligee's Duty to Provide Information If Principal Obligor Forfeits the Benefit of Time)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-458-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-458-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-458-3
**第一項** 主たる債務者が期限の利益を有する場合において、その利益を喪失したときは、債権者は、保証人に対し、その利益の喪失を知った時から二箇月以内に、その旨を通知しなければならない。
art-458-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-458-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-458-3/par-1
If the principal obligor has the benefit of time forfeits the benefit, the obligee must notify the guarantor to that effect within two months from the time when the obligee comes to know the principal obligor's forfeiture of the benefit.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の期間内に同項の通知をしなかったときは、債権者は、保証人に対し、主たる債務者が期限の利益を喪失した時から同項の通知を現にするまでに生じた遅延損害金（期限の利益を喪失しなかったとしても生ずべきものを除く。）に係る保証債務の履行を請求することができない。
art-458-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-458-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-458-3/par-2
If the obligee fails to notify the guarantor referred to in the preceding paragraph within the period referred to that paragraph, the obligee may not request the guarantor to perform the guarantee obligation for any delay damages that have accrued after the principal obligor is accelerated and becomes immediately due until the obligee notifies the guarantor pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph (excluding those that should have accrued even if the principal obligor maintains the benefit of time).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定は、保証人が法人である場合には、適用しない。
art-458-3/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-458-3/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-458-3/par-3
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply if the guarantor is a corporation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百五十九条（委託を受けた保証人の求償権） — (Right to Reimbursement of Guarantor Guaranteeing by Request)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-459 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-459 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-459
**第一項** 保証人が主たる債務者の委託を受けて保証をした場合において、主たる債務者に代わって弁済その他自己の財産をもって債務を消滅させる行為（以下「債務の消滅行為」という。）をしたときは、その保証人は、主たる債務者に対し、そのために支出した財産の額（その財産の額がその債務の消滅行為によって消滅した主たる債務の額を超える場合にあっては、その消滅した額）の求償権を有する。
art-459/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-459/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-459/par-1
If a guarantor gives guarantee as requested by the principal obligor, and performs the obligation on behalf of the principal obligor or performs any other act that causes the obligation to be extinguished in exchange for the guarantor's own property (referred to as an "act for extinguishment of obligation" below), the guarantor has a right to reimbursement from the principal obligor for the amount of property expended for that act (if the amount of property exceeds the amount of the principal obligation extinguished by the act for extinguishment of obligation, the amount thus extinguished).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第四百四十二条第二項の規定は、前項の場合について準用する。
art-459/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-459/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-459/par-2
The provisions of Article 442, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to the cases stated in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百五十九条の二（委託を受けた保証人が弁済期前に弁済等をした場合の求償権） — (Right to Reimbursement in Case of Guarantor Guaranteeing by Request Who Performed Obligation Before Due Date)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-459-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-459-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-459-2
**第一項** 保証人が主たる債務者の委託を受けて保証をした場合において、主たる債務の弁済期前に債務の消滅行為をしたときは、その保証人は、主たる債務者に対し、主たる債務者がその当時利益を受けた限度において求償権を有する。この場合において、主たる債務者が債務の消滅行為の日以前に相殺の原因を有していたことを主張するときは、保証人は、債権者に対し、その相殺によって消滅すべきであった債務の履行を請求することができる。
art-459-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-459-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-459-2/par-1
If a guarantor gives guarantee as requested by the principal obligor and performs an act for extinguishment of obligation before the due date of the principal obligation, the guarantor has the right to reimbursement from the principal obligor to the extent that the principal obligor was enriched at the time of the act. In such a case, if the principal obligor alleges to have had grounds for set-off before the day of the act for extinguishment of obligation, the guarantor may request the obligee to perform the obligation which should have been extinguished due to the set-off.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定による求償は、主たる債務の弁済期以後の法定利息及びその弁済期以後に債務の消滅行為をしたとしても避けることができなかった費用その他の損害の賠償を包含する。
art-459-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-459-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-459-2/par-2
Reimbursement under the provisions of the preceding paragraph includes the statutory interest which accrues on and after the due date of the principal obligation and compensation for damage including expenses which could not have been avoided even if an act for extinguishment of obligation were performed on or after the due date.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の求償権は、主たる債務の弁済期以後でなければ、これを行使することができない。
art-459-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-459-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-459-2/par-3
The right to reimbursement referred to in paragraph (1) may not be exercised before the due date of the principal obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百六十条（委託を受けた保証人の事前の求償権） — (Right of Guarantor Guaranteeing by Request to Reimbursement in Advance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-460 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-460 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-460
**第一項** 保証人は、主たる債務者の委託を受けて保証をした場合において、次に掲げるときは、主たる債務者に対して、あらかじめ、求償権を行使することができる。
art-460/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-460/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-460/par-1
If a guarantor has given a guarantee as requested by the principal obligor, the guarantor may exercise in advance the right to reimbursement against the principal obligor if:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 主たる債務者が破産手続開始の決定を受け、かつ、債権者がその破産財団の配当に加入しないとき。
art-460/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-460/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-460/par-1/item-1
the principal obligor is subject to an order commencing bankruptcy proceeding, and the obligee does not participate in the distribution of the bankruptcy estate;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 債務が弁済期にあるとき。ただし、保証契約の後に債権者が主たる債務者に許与した期限は、保証人に対抗することができない。
art-460/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-460/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-460/par-1/item-2
the obligation is due; provided, however, that no extension of time granted by the obligee to the principal obligor after the conclusion of the guarantee contract may be duly asserted against the guarantor; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 保証人が過失なく債権者に弁済をすべき旨の裁判の言渡しを受けたとき。
art-460/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-460/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-460/par-1/item-3
the guarantor is, without negligence, rendered a judicial decision ordering the guarantor to perform the obligation to the obligee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百六十一条（主たる債務者が保証人に対して償還をする場合） — (Cases in Which a Principal Obligor Reimburses a Guarantor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-461 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-461 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-461
**第一項** 前条の規定により主たる債務者が保証人に対して償還をする場合において、債権者が全部の弁済を受けない間は、主たる債務者は、保証人に担保を供させ、又は保証人に対して自己に免責を得させることを請求することができる。
art-461/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-461/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-461/par-1
If a principal obligor reimburses a guarantor pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, the principal obligor may demand the guarantor to provide security or to obtain an exemption for the principal obligor until the obligee receives the full satisfaction of the entire obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項に規定する場合において、主たる債務者は、供託をし、担保を供し、又は保証人に免責を得させて、その償還の義務を免れることができる。
art-461/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-461/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-461/par-2
In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the principal obligor may be released from the obligation for reimbursement by making a deposit with an official depository, by providing security, or by procuring the discharge of the liabilities of the guarantor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百六十二条（委託を受けない保証人の求償権） — (Right to Reimbursement of Guarantor Guaranteeing Without Request by Principal Obligor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-462 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-462 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-462
**第一項** 第四百五十九条の二第一項の規定は、主たる債務者の委託を受けないで保証をした者が債務の消滅行為をした場合について準用する。
art-462/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-462/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-462/par-1
The provisions of Article 459-2, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis if a person, that has given guarantee without the request of the principal obligor, performs an act for extinguishment of obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 主たる債務者の意思に反して保証をした者は、主たる債務者が現に利益を受けている限度においてのみ求償権を有する。この場合において、主たる債務者が求償の日以前に相殺の原因を有していたことを主張するときは、保証人は、債権者に対し、その相殺によって消滅すべきであった債務の履行を請求することができる。
art-462/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-462/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-462/par-2
A person that has become a guarantor against the intention of the principal obligor has the right to reimbursement only to the extent currently enriched. In this case, if the principal obligor asserts to have grounds for set-off against the obligee before the day of the demand for reimbursement, the guarantor may demand that the obligee perform the obligation which would have been extinguished by that set-off.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第四百五十九条の二第三項の規定は、前二項に規定する保証人が主たる債務の弁済期前に債務の消滅行為をした場合における求償権の行使について準用する。
art-462/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-462/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-462/par-3
The provisions of Article 459-2, paragraph (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the exercise of the right to reimbursement if the guarantor referred to in the preceding two paragraphs performs an act for extinguishment of obligation before the due date of the principal obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百六十三条（通知を怠った保証人の求償の制限等） — (Limitation on Reimbursement for Guarantor Who Failed to Give Notice)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-463 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-463 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-463
**第一項** 保証人が主たる債務者の委託を受けて保証をした場合において、主たる債務者にあらかじめ通知しないで債務の消滅行為をしたときは、主たる債務者は、債権者に対抗することができた事由をもってその保証人に対抗することができる。この場合において、相殺をもってその保証人に対抗したときは、その保証人は、債権者に対し、相殺によって消滅すべきであった債務の履行を請求することができる。
art-463/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-463/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-463/par-1
If a guarantor gives guarantee as requested by the principal obligor and performs an act for extinguishment of obligation without giving prior notice to the principal obligor, the principal obligor may assert against the guarantor any defense that could have been asserted against the obligee. In such a case, if the principal obligor asserts a set-off against the guarantor, the guarantor may request the obligee to perform the obligation which should have been extinguished due to the set-off.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 保証人が主たる債務者の委託を受けて保証をした場合において、主たる債務者が債務の消滅行為をしたことを保証人に通知することを怠ったため、その保証人が善意で債務の消滅行為をしたときは、その保証人は、その債務の消滅行為を有効であったものとみなすことができる。
art-463/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-463/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-463/par-2
If a guarantor gives guarantee as requested by the principal obligor and performs an act for extinguishment of obligation in good faith because of the principal obligor's failure to notify the guarantor of the principal obligor's performance of an act for extinguishment of obligation, the guarantor may deem that the guarantor's own act for extinguishment of obligation is valid.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 保証人が債務の消滅行為をした後に主たる債務者が債務の消滅行為をした場合においては、保証人が主たる債務者の意思に反して保証をしたときのほか、保証人が債務の消滅行為をしたことを主たる債務者に通知することを怠ったため、主たる債務者が善意で債務の消滅行為をしたときも、主たる債務者は、その債務の消滅行為を有効であったものとみなすことができる。
art-463/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-463/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-463/par-3
If the principal obligor performs an act for extinguishment of obligation after the guarantor has performed an act for extinguishment of obligation, the principal obligor may deem that the guarantor's own act for extinguishment of obligation is valid, not only if the guarantor has given guarantee against the intention of the principal obligor but also if the principal obligor has performed an act for extinguishment of obligation in good faith because of the guarantor's failure to notify the principal obligor of the guarantor's performance of act for extinguishment of obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百六十四条（連帯債務又は不可分債務の保証人の求償権） — (Right to Reimbursement of Guarantor for Joint and Several Obligation or Indivisible Obligation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-464 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-464 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-464
**第一項** 連帯債務者又は不可分債務者の一人のために保証をした者は、他の債務者に対し、その負担部分のみについて求償権を有する。
art-464/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-464/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-464/par-1
A person that has become a guarantor for one of the joint and several obligors or for one of the indivisible obligors has the right to reimbursement from the other obligors only to the extent of that person's share of the obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百六十五条（共同保証人間の求償権） — (Right of Joint Guarantors to Reimbursement for One Obligation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-465 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465
**第一項** 第四百四十二条から第四百四十四条までの規定は、数人の保証人がある場合において、そのうちの一人の保証人が、主たる債務が不可分であるため又は各保証人が全額を弁済すべき旨の特約があるため、その全額又は自己の負担部分を超える額を弁済したときについて準用する。
art-465/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465/par-1
If there are multiple guarantors, and one guarantor has paid the entire amount of the obligation or any amount exceeding that guarantor's share because the principal obligation is indivisible, or because there is a special provisions to the effect that each guarantor should pay the entire amount, the provisions of Articles 442 through 444 apply mutatis mutandis.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第四百六十二条の規定は、前項に規定する場合を除き、互いに連帯しない保証人の一人が全額又は自己の負担部分を超える額を弁済したときについて準用する。
art-465/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465/par-2
Except in the cases prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if one of the guarantors that are not jointly and severally liable has paid the entire amount or any amount exceeding that guarantor's share, the provisions of Article 462 apply mutatis mutandis.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二目 個人根保証契約 — Division 2 Contract for Revolving Guarantee by Individual
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-5/div-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-5/div-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-5/div-2
### 第四百六十五条の二（個人根保証契約の保証人の責任等） — (Liability of Guarantor of Contract for Revolving Guarantee by Individual)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-465-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-2
**第一項** 一定の範囲に属する不特定の債務を主たる債務とする保証契約（以下「根保証契約」という。）であって保証人が法人でないもの（以下「個人根保証契約」という。）の保証人は、主たる債務の元本、主たる債務に関する利息、違約金、損害賠償その他その債務に従たる全てのもの及びその保証債務について約定された違約金又は損害賠償の額について、その全部に係る極度額を限度として、その履行をする責任を負う。
art-465-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-2/par-1
A guarantor to a guarantee contract under which the principal obligation is one or more unidentified obligations within a certain specified scope (referred to as a "contract for revolving guarantee" below) and the guarantor is not a corporation (referred to as a "contract for revolving guarantee by an individual" below) is liable to perform the obligation in terms of the amounts of the principal of the principal obligation, any interest, penalty and damages in connection with the principal obligation, and all the other charges secondary to the obligation, as well as the amount of any penalty or damages which is agreed-upon on with regard to the guarantee obligation, up to a certain maximum amount which pertains to all of these amounts.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 個人根保証契約は、前項に規定する極度額を定めなければ、その効力を生じない。
art-465-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-2/par-2
A contract for revolving guarantee by an individual does not become effective unless it provides for the maximum amount prescribed in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第四百四十六条第二項及び第三項の規定は、個人根保証契約における第一項に規定する極度額の定めについて準用する。
art-465-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-2/par-3
The provisions of Article 446, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the provisions concerning a maximum amount prescribed in paragraph (1) in a contract for revolving guarantee by an individual.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百六十五条の三（個人貸金等根保証契約の元本確定期日） — (Principal Fixed Date for Contract for Revolving Guarantee by Individual for Loans)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-465-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-3
**第一項** 個人根保証契約であってその主たる債務の範囲に金銭の貸渡し又は手形の割引を受けることによって負担する債務（以下「貸金等債務」という。）が含まれるもの（以下「個人貸金等根保証契約」という。）において主たる債務の元本の確定すべき期日（以下「元本確定期日」という。）の定めがある場合において、その元本確定期日がその個人貸金等根保証契約の締結の日から五年を経過する日より後の日と定められているときは、その元本確定期日の定めは、その効力を生じない。
art-465-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-3/par-1
If a contract for revolving guarantee by an individual under which the scope of the principal obligation includes an obligation to be borne as a result of loans or receiving a discount of a negotiable instrument (referred to as a "loan obligation"; and this contract is referred to as a "contract for revolving guarantee by an individual for loans" below) provides for the date on which the principal of the principal obligation should be fixed (referred to as the "principal fixed date" below), and it also provides that the principal fixed date is to fall on or after the day on which five years have passed after the day of the conclusion of the contract for the revolving guarantee by an individual for loans, the provisions concerning the principal fixed date do not become effective.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 個人貸金等根保証契約において元本確定期日の定めがない場合（前項の規定により元本確定期日の定めがその効力を生じない場合を含む。）には、その元本確定期日は、その個人貸金等根保証契約の締結の日から三年を経過する日とする。
art-465-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-3/par-2
If a contract for revolving guarantee by an individual for loans does not provide for a principal fixed date (or if the provisions concerning the principal fixed date do not become effective pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph), the principal fixed date is to fall on the day on which three years have passed from the day of the conclusion of the contract for revolving guarantee by an individual for loans.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 個人貸金等根保証契約における元本確定期日の変更をする場合において、変更後の元本確定期日がその変更をした日から五年を経過する日より後の日となるときは、その元本確定期日の変更は、その効力を生じない。ただし、元本確定期日の前二箇月以内に元本確定期日の変更をする場合において、変更後の元本確定期日が変更前の元本確定期日から五年以内の日となるときは、この限りでない。
art-465-3/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-3/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-3/par-3
If a change of the principal fixed date provided for in a contract for revolving guarantee by an individual for loans is to be effected, and the principal fixed date as changed falls on a day later than the day on which five years have passed after the day of the change, that change of the principal fixed date does not become effective; provided, however, that this does not apply if the change of the principal fixed date is effected within two months immediately preceding the principal fixed date, and the principal fixed date as changed falls on a day within five years from the original principal fixed date.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第四百四十六条第二項及び第三項の規定は、個人貸金等根保証契約における元本確定期日の定め及びその変更（その個人貸金等根保証契約の締結の日から三年以内の日を元本確定期日とする旨の定め及び元本確定期日より前の日を変更後の元本確定期日とする変更を除く。）について準用する。
art-465-3/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-3/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-3/par-4
The provisions of Article 446, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the provisions concerning a principal fixed date in a contract for revolving guarantee by an individual for loans and its change (excluding provisions to the effect that the principal fixed date is to fall on a day within three years from the day of the conclusion of that contract for revolving guarantee by an individual for loans, and any change which is intended to change the principal fixed date to a day preceding the original principal fixed date).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百六十五条の四（個人根保証契約の元本の確定事由） — (Grounds for Fixing of Principal in Contract for Revolving Guarantee by Individual)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-465-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-4
**第一項** 次に掲げる場合には、個人根保証契約における主たる債務の元本は、確定する。ただし、第一号に掲げる場合にあっては、強制執行又は担保権の実行の手続の開始があったときに限る。
art-465-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-4/par-1
The principal of the principal obligation under a contract for revolving guarantee by an individual is fixed in the following cases; provided, however, that in the case stated in item (i), it is fixed only if the procedure for judicial enforcement or enforcement procedure of a security right is commenced:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 債権者が、保証人の財産について、金銭の支払を目的とする債権についての強制執行又は担保権の実行を申し立てたとき。
art-465-4/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-4/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-4/par-1/item-1
if an obligee files a petition for judicial enforcement or enforcement of any security right for a claim for payment of money with regard to any property of the guarantor;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 保証人が破産手続開始の決定を受けたとき。
art-465-4/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-4/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-4/par-1/item-2
if the guarantor receives an order commencing bankruptcy proceeding; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 主たる債務者又は保証人が死亡したとき。
art-465-4/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-4/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-4/par-1/item-3
the relevant principal obligor or guarantor has died.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項に規定する場合のほか、個人貸金等根保証契約における主たる債務の元本は、次に掲げる場合にも確定する。ただし、第一号に掲げる場合にあっては、強制執行又は担保権の実行の手続の開始があったときに限る。
art-465-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-4/par-2
Beyond the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the principal of the principal obligation under a contract for revolving guarantee by an individual for loans is fixed in the following cases; provided, however, that in the case stated in item (i), it is fixed only if the procedure for judicial enforcement or enforcement procedure of a security right is commenced:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 債権者が、主たる債務者の財産について、金銭の支払を目的とする債権についての強制執行又は担保権の実行を申し立てたとき。
art-465-4/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-4/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-4/par-2/item-1
if the obligee files a petition for judicial enforcement or enforcement of a security right for a claim for payment of money with regard to property of the principal obligor; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 主たる債務者が破産手続開始の決定を受けたとき。
art-465-4/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-4/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-4/par-2/item-2
if the principal obligor receives an order commencing bankruptcy proceeding.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百六十五条の五（保証人が法人である根保証契約の求償権） — (Right to Reimbursement in Contract for Revolving Guarantee When the Guarantor Is a Corporation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-465-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-5
**第一項** 保証人が法人である根保証契約において、第四百六十五条の二第一項に規定する極度額の定めがないときは、その根保証契約の保証人の主たる債務者に対する求償権に係る債務を主たる債務とする保証契約は、その効力を生じない。
art-465-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-5/par-1
If a contract for revolving guarantee under which the guarantor is a corporation does not provide for the maximum amount prescribed in Article 465-2, paragraph (1), a guarantee contract under which the principal obligation is an obligation arising from the right to reimbursement held by the guarantor of the contract for revolving guarantee against the principal obligor does not become effective.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 保証人が法人である根保証契約であってその主たる債務の範囲に貸金等債務が含まれるものにおいて、元本確定期日の定めがないとき、又は元本確定期日の定め若しくはその変更が第四百六十五条の三第一項若しくは第三項の規定を適用するとすればその効力を生じないものであるときは、その根保証契約の保証人の主たる債務者に対する求償権に係る債務を主たる債務とする保証契約は、その効力を生じない。主たる債務の範囲にその求償権に係る債務が含まれる根保証契約も、同様とする。
art-465-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-5/par-2
If a contract for revolving guarantee under which the guarantor is a corporation and the scope of the principal obligation includes a loan obligation does not provide for the principal fixed date, or its provisions concerning the principal fixed date or any change of it would not become effective should the provisions of Article 465-3, paragraph (1) or paragraph (3) be applied, a guarantee contract under which the principal obligation is an obligation arising from the right to reimbursement held by the guarantor of the revolving guarantee contract against the principal obligor does not become effective. The same applies to a contract for revolving guarantee under which the scope of the principal obligation includes an obligation arising from the right to reimbursement.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定は、求償権に係る債務を主たる債務とする保証契約又は主たる債務の範囲に求償権に係る債務が含まれる根保証契約の保証人が法人である場合には、適用しない。
art-465-5/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-5/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-5/par-3
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply if the guarantor of a guarantee contract under which the principal obligation is an obligation arising from the right to reimbursement or of a contract for revolving guarantee under which the scope of the principal obligation includes an obligation arising from the right to reimbursement is a corporation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三目 事業に係る債務についての保証契約の特則 — Division 3 Special Provisions for Guarantee Contract for Obligations Arising from Business
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-5/div-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-5/div-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-3/subsec-5/div-3
### 第四百六十五条の六（公正証書の作成と保証の効力） — (Preparation of Notarial Instrument and Effect of Guarantee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-465-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-6
**第一項** 事業のために負担した貸金等債務を主たる債務とする保証契約又は主たる債務の範囲に事業のために負担する貸金等債務が含まれる根保証契約は、その契約の締結に先立ち、その締結の日前一箇月以内に作成された公正証書で保証人になろうとする者が保証債務を履行する意思を表示していなければ、その効力を生じない。
art-465-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-6/par-1
A guarantee contract under which the principal obligation is a loan obligation assumed for business or a contract for a revolving guarantee under which the scope of the principal obligation includes a loan obligation assumed for business does not become effective unless the person intending to become a guarantor manifests, before the conclusion of the contract, the intention to perform the guarantee obligation by means of a notarial instrument prepared within one month before the day of conclusion of the contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の公正証書を作成するには、次に掲げる方式に従わなければならない。
art-465-6/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-6/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-6/par-2
The notarial instrument referred to in the preceding paragraph must be prepared in compliance with the following formalities:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 保証人になろうとする者が、次のイ又はロに掲げる契約の区分に応じ、それぞれ当該イ又はロに定める事項を公証人に口授すること。
art-465-6/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-6/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-6/par-2/item-1
the person intending to become a guarantor gives the notary oral instructions regarding the particulars specified in (a) or (b) below for the category of contract stated in this:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**イ** 保証契約（ロに掲げるものを除く。） 主たる債務の債権者及び債務者、主たる債務の元本、主たる債務に関する利息、違約金、損害賠償その他その債務に従たる全てのものの定めの有無及びその内容並びに主たる債務者がその債務を履行しないときには、その債務の全額について履行する意思（保証人になろうとする者が主たる債務者と連帯して債務を負担しようとするものである場合には、債権者が主たる債務者に対して催告をしたかどうか、主たる債務者がその債務を履行することができるかどうか、又は他に保証人があるかどうかにかかわらず、その全額について履行する意思）を有していること。
art-465-6/par-2/item-1/sub-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-6/par-2/item-1/sub-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-6/par-2/item-1/sub-1
a guarantee contract (excluding the one stated in (b)):the obligee and obligor of the principal obligation, the principal of the principal obligation, whether any interest, penalty or damages in connection with the principal obligation or any other charges secondary to the obligation are provided for in the contract and, if so, its details, as well as the fact that the person intending to become a guarantor has the intention to pay the entire amount of the obligation if the principal obligor fails to perform the obligation (if the person intending to become a guarantor intends to assume the obligation jointly and severally with the principal obligor, the intention to pay the entire amount of the obligation, regardless of whether the obligee has made a demand to the principal obligor, whether the principal obligor is able to perform the obligation, or whether the principal obligor has any other guarantor); or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**ロ** 根保証契約 主たる債務の債権者及び債務者、主たる債務の範囲、根保証契約における極度額、元本確定期日の定めの有無及びその内容並びに主たる債務者がその債務を履行しないときには、極度額の限度において元本確定期日又は第四百六十五条の四第一項各号若しくは第二項各号に掲げる事由その他の元本を確定すべき事由が生ずる時までに生ずべき主たる債務の元本及び主たる債務に関する利息、違約金、損害賠償その他その債務に従たる全てのものの全額について履行する意思（保証人になろうとする者が主たる債務者と連帯して債務を負担しようとするものである場合には、債権者が主たる債務者に対して催告をしたかどうか、主たる債務者がその債務を履行することができるかどうか、又は他に保証人があるかどうかにかかわらず、その全額について履行する意思）を有していること。
art-465-6/par-2/item-1/sub-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-6/par-2/item-1/sub-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-6/par-2/item-1/sub-2
a contract for a revolving guarantee:the obligee and obligor of the principal obligation, the scope of the principal obligation, the maximum amount under the contract for revolving guarantee, whether the principal fixed date is provided for in the contract and, if so, its details, as well as the fact that the person intending to become a guarantor has the intention to pay the entire amount of the obligation with regard to the principal of the principal obligation and any interest, penalty, and damages in connection with the principal obligation and any other charges secondary to the obligation, which are to arise by the principal fixed date or the time when an event that causes the crystallization of the principal takes place, such as the events stated in the items of Article 465-4, paragraph (1) or the items of paragraph (2) of that Article, up to the maximum amount, if the principal obligor fails to perform the obligation (if the person intending to become a guarantor s to assume the obligation jointly and severally with the principal obligor, the intention to pay the entire amount of the obligation, regardless of whether the obligee has made a demand to the principal obligor, whether the principal obligor is able to perform the obligation, or whether the principal obligor has any other guarantor);
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 公証人が、保証人になろうとする者の口述を筆記し、これを保証人になろうとする者に読み聞かせ、又は閲覧させること。
art-465-6/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-6/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-6/par-2/item-2
the notary takes dictation from the person intending to become the guarantor, and reads this aloud to, or allows its inspection by, the person intending to become the guarantor;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 保証人になろうとする者が、筆記の正確なことを承認した後、署名し、印を押すこと。ただし、保証人になろうとする者が署名することができない場合は、公証人がその事由を付記して、署名に代えることができる。
art-465-6/par-2/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-6/par-2/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-6/par-2/item-3
the person intending to become a guarantor signs and seals the instrument after having approved the accuracy of the dictation taken by the notary; provided, however, that if the person intending to become a guarantor is unable to sign, the notary may include a supplementary note giving the reason therefor in lieu of the signature of that person; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 公証人が、その証書は前三号に掲げる方式に従って作ったものである旨を付記して、これに署名し、印を押すこと。
art-465-6/par-2/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-6/par-2/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-6/par-2/item-4
the notary includes a supplementary note to the effect that the instrument has been prepared in compliance with the formalities stated in the preceding three items, and signs and seals the instrument.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定は、保証人になろうとする者が法人である場合には、適用しない。
art-465-6/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-6/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-6/par-3
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply if the person intending to become a guarantor is a corporation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百六十五条の七（保証に係る公正証書の方式の特則） — (Special Provisions for Formalities of Notarial Instrument on Guarantee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-465-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-7
**第一項** 前条第一項の保証契約又は根保証契約の保証人になろうとする者が口がきけない者である場合には、公証人の前で、同条第二項第一号イ又はロに掲げる契約の区分に応じ、それぞれ当該イ又はロに定める事項を通訳人の通訳により申述し、又は自書して、同号の口授に代えなければならない。この場合における同項第二号の規定の適用については、同号中「口述」とあるのは、「通訳人の通訳による申述又は自書」とする。
art-465-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-7/par-1
If a person intending to become a guarantor of a guarantee contract or a contract for a revolving guarantee referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article is unable to speak, the person must make a statement in front of the notary of the particulars specified in paragraph (2), item (i), (a) or (b) of that Article for the category of contract stated therein, through an interpreter or by that person's own hand, in lieu of the oral instructions referred to in the same item. In such a case, to apply the provisions of item (ii) of that paragraph, the term "oral instructions" in that item is deemed to be replaced with "statement through an interpreter or by that person's own hand".
Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "If a person intending to become a guarantor of a guarantee contract or a contract for a revolving guarantee referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article is unable to speak, the person must make a statement in front of the notary of the particulars specified in paragraph (1), item (i), (a) or (b) of that Article for the category of contract stated therein, through an interpreter or by that person's own hand, in lieu of the oral instructions referred to in the same item. In such a case, to apply the provisions of item (ii) of that paragraph, the term "oral instructions" in that item is deemed to be replaced with "statement through an interpreter or by that person's own hand"." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4848/tb
**第二項** 前条第一項の保証契約又は根保証契約の保証人になろうとする者が耳が聞こえない者である場合には、公証人は、同条第二項第二号に規定する筆記した内容を通訳人の通訳により保証人になろうとする者に伝えて、同号の読み聞かせに代えることができる。
art-465-7/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-7/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-7/par-2
If a person intending to become a guarantor of a guarantee contract or contract for revolving guarantee referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article is unable to hear, the notary may convey the content of the dictation taken as prescribed in paragraph (2), item (ii) of that Article to the person intending to become a guarantor, through an interpreter, in lieu of the reading it aloud referred to in the same item.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 公証人は、前二項に定める方式に従って公正証書を作ったときは、その旨をその証書に付記しなければならない。
art-465-7/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-7/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-7/par-3
If a notary prepares a notarial instrument in compliance with the formalities prescribed in the preceding two paragraphs, the notary must include a supplementary note to that effect on the instrument.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百六十五条の八（公正証書の作成と求償権についての保証の効力） — (Preparation of Notarial Instrument and Effect of Guarantee for Right to Reimbursement)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-465-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-8
**第一項** 第四百六十五条の六第一項及び第二項並びに前条の規定は、事業のために負担した貸金等債務を主たる債務とする保証契約又は主たる債務の範囲に事業のために負担する貸金等債務が含まれる根保証契約の保証人の主たる債務者に対する求償権に係る債務を主たる債務とする保証契約について準用する。主たる債務の範囲にその求償権に係る債務が含まれる根保証契約も、同様とする。
art-465-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-8/par-1
The provisions of Article 465-6, paragraphs (1) and (2) and the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to a guarantee contract under which the principal obligation is a loan obligation assumed for business or a guarantee contract under which the principal obligation is an obligation relating to the right to reimbursement held by a guarantor against the principal obligor under a revolving guarantee contract under which the scope of the principal obligation includes a loan obligation assumed for business. The same applies to a contract for revolving guarantee under which the scope of the principal obligation includes an obligation relating to that right to reimbursement.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、保証人になろうとする者が法人である場合には、適用しない。
art-465-8/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-8/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-8/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the person intending to become a guarantor is a corporation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百六十五条の九（公正証書の作成と保証の効力に関する規定の適用除外） — (Exclusion from Application of Provisions Concerning Preparation of Notarial Instrument and Effect of Guarantee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-465-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-9
**第一項** 前三条の規定は、保証人になろうとする者が次に掲げる者である保証契約については、適用しない。
art-465-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-9/par-1
The provisions of the preceding three Articles do not apply to a guarantee contract under which the person intending to become a guarantor is any of the following persons:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 主たる債務者が法人である場合のその理事、取締役、執行役又はこれらに準ずる者
art-465-9/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-9/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-9/par-1/item-1
if the principal obligor is a corporation, its managing administrator, director, executive officer, or any person equivalent thereto; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 主たる債務者が法人である場合の次に掲げる者
art-465-9/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-9/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-9/par-1/item-2
if the principal obligor is a corporation, any of the following persons:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**イ** 主たる債務者の総株主の議決権（株主総会において決議をすることができる事項の全部につき議決権を行使することができない株式についての議決権を除く。以下この号において同じ。）の過半数を有する者
art-465-9/par-1/item-2/sub-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-9/par-1/item-2/sub-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-9/par-1/item-2/sub-1
a person that holds the majority of voting rights of all shareholders (excluding voting rights in respect of shares that do not allow voting rights to be exercised for all matters that may be resolved at a shareholders meeting; the same applies in this item below) of the principal obligor;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**ロ** 主たる債務者の総株主の議決権の過半数を他の株式会社が有する場合における当該他の株式会社の総株主の議決権の過半数を有する者
art-465-9/par-1/item-2/sub-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-9/par-1/item-2/sub-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-9/par-1/item-2/sub-2
if the majority of voting rights of all shareholders of the principal obligor is held by another stock company: a person that holds the majority of voting rights of all shareholders of that other stock company; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**ハ** 主たる債務者の総株主の議決権の過半数を他の株式会社及び当該他の株式会社の総株主の議決権の過半数を有する者が有する場合における当該他の株式会社の総株主の議決権の過半数を有する者
art-465-9/par-1/item-2/sub-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-9/par-1/item-2/sub-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-9/par-1/item-2/sub-3
if the majority of voting rights of all shareholders of the principal obligor is held by another stock company and a person that holds the majority of voting rights of all shareholders of that other stock company: a person that holds the majority of voting rights of all shareholders of that other stock company;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**ニ** 株式会社以外の法人が主たる債務者である場合におけるイ、ロ又はハに掲げる者に準ずる者
art-465-9/par-1/item-2/sub-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-9/par-1/item-2/sub-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-9/par-1/item-2/sub-4
if the principal obligor is a corporation that is not a stock company: a person equivalent to the person stated in (a), (b) or (c); or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 主たる債務者（法人であるものを除く。以下この号において同じ。）と共同して事業を行う者又は主たる債務者が行う事業に現に従事している主たる債務者の配偶者
art-465-9/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-9/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-9/par-1/item-3
a person that conducts business jointly with the principal obligor (excluding one that is a corporation; the same applies in this item below) or the principal obligor's spouse who actually engages in the business conducted by the principal obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百六十五条の十（契約締結時の情報の提供義務） — (Duty to Provide Information upon Conclusion of a Contract)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-465-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-10
**第一項** 主たる債務者は、事業のために負担する債務を主たる債務とする保証又は主たる債務の範囲に事業のために負担する債務が含まれる根保証の委託をするときは、委託を受ける者に対し、次に掲げる事項に関する情報を提供しなければならない。
art-465-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-10/par-1
If the principal obligor requests a person to give guarantee for an obligation to be assumed for business as the principal obligation or give revolving guarantee for an obligation to be assumed for business that is included in the scope of the principal obligation, the principal obligor must provide the person so requested with information concerning the following particulars:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 財産及び収支の状況
art-465-10/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-10/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-10/par-1/item-1
the status of assets, and income and expenditure;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 主たる債務以外に負担している債務の有無並びにその額及び履行状況
art-465-10/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-10/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-10/par-1/item-2
whether the principal obligor has any obligation other than the principal obligation, and its amount and its status of performance; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 主たる債務の担保として他に提供し、又は提供しようとするものがあるときは、その旨及びその内容
art-465-10/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-10/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-10/par-1/item-3
if the principal obligor has provided or intends to provide any other security for the principal obligation, an indication of this and the details of the security.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 主たる債務者が前項各号に掲げる事項に関して情報を提供せず、又は事実と異なる情報を提供したために委託を受けた者がその事項について誤認をし、それによって保証契約の申込み又はその承諾の意思表示をした場合において、主たる債務者がその事項に関して情報を提供せず又は事実と異なる情報を提供したことを債権者が知り又は知ることができたときは、保証人は、保証契約を取り消すことができる。
art-465-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-10/par-2
If, because the principal obligor fails to provide information concerning the particulars stated in the items of the preceding paragraph or provides information that is factually inaccurate, the person requested to guarantee misunderstands these particulars and manifests the intention to offer or accept the offer of a guarantee contract based on the misunderstanding, the guarantor may rescind the guarantee contract if the obligee knew or could have known that the principal obligor failed to provide information concerning these particulars or provided information that was factually inaccurate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定は、保証をする者が法人である場合には、適用しない。
art-465-10/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-465-10/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-465-10/par-3
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply if the person that gives guarantee is a corporation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四節 債権の譲渡 — Section 4 Assignment of Claims
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-4
### 第四百六十六条（債権の譲渡性） — (Assignability of Claims)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-466 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-466 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-466
**第一項** 債権は、譲り渡すことができる。ただし、その性質がこれを許さないときは、この限りでない。
art-466/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-466/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-466/par-1
A claim may be assigned; provided, however, that this does not apply if its nature does not permit the assignment.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 当事者が債権の譲渡を禁止し、又は制限する旨の意思表示（以下「譲渡制限の意思表示」という。）をしたときであっても、債権の譲渡は、その効力を妨げられない。
art-466/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-466/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-466/par-2
Even if a party to a claim manifests the intention to prohibit or restrict the assignment of the claim (referred to as the "manifestation of intention to restrict assignment" below), the validity of the assignment of the claim is not impaired.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項に規定する場合には、譲渡制限の意思表示がされたことを知り、又は重大な過失によって知らなかった譲受人その他の第三者に対しては、債務者は、その債務の履行を拒むことができ、かつ、譲渡人に対する弁済その他の債務を消滅させる事由をもってその第三者に対抗することができる。
art-466/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-466/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-466/par-3
In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the obligor may refuse to perform the obligation to a third party such as the assignee that knew or did not know due to gross negligence that the manifestation of intention to restrict assignment was made, and may duly assert against the third party any event that results in extinguishment of the obligation such as payment to the assignor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前項の規定は、債務者が債務を履行しない場合において、同項に規定する第三者が相当の期間を定めて譲渡人への履行の催告をし、その期間内に履行がないときは、その債務者については、適用しない。
art-466/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-466/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-466/par-4
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the obligor does not perform the obligation, and the third party prescribed in that paragraph makes a demand to the obligor for the performance to the assignor by specifying a reasonable period of time, but the obligor does not perform the obligation within that period.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百六十六条の二（譲渡制限の意思表示がされた債権に係る債務者の供託） — (Deposit Made by Obligor for Claim Subject to Manifestation of Intention to Restrict Assignment)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-466-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-466-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-466-2
**第一項** 債務者は、譲渡制限の意思表示がされた金銭の給付を目的とする債権が譲渡されたときは、その債権の全額に相当する金銭を債務の履行地（債務の履行地が債権者の現在の住所により定まる場合にあっては、譲渡人の現在の住所を含む。次条において同じ。）の供託所に供託することができる。
art-466-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-466-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-466-2/par-1
If a claim for payment of money subject to the manifestation of intention to restrict assignment is assigned to a third party, the obligor may deposit the amount of money equivalent to the full amount of the claim with an official depository having jurisdiction over the place of performance of the obligation (including the current domicile of the assignor if the place of performance of the obligation is determined on the basis of the current domicile of the obligee; the same applies in the following Article).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定により供託をした債務者は、遅滞なく、譲渡人及び譲受人に供託の通知をしなければならない。
art-466-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-466-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-466-2/par-2
An obligor that has made a deposit pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph must notify the assignor and the assignee of the deposit without delay.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の規定により供託をした金銭は、譲受人に限り、還付を請求することができる。
art-466-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-466-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-466-2/par-3
Only the assignee is entitled to request the refund of the money deposited pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百六十六条の三
art-466-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-466-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-466-3
**第一項** 前条第一項に規定する場合において、譲渡人について破産手続開始の決定があったときは、譲受人（同項の債権の全額を譲り受けた者であって、その債権の譲渡を債務者その他の第三者に対抗することができるものに限る。）は、譲渡制限の意思表示がされたことを知り、又は重大な過失によって知らなかったときであっても、債務者にその債権の全額に相当する金銭を債務の履行地の供託所に供託させることができる。この場合においては、同条第二項及び第三項の規定を準用する。
art-466-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-466-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-466-3/par-1
In the case prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, if an order commencing bankruptcy proceeding is issued with regard to the assignor, the assignee (limited to the one that has acquired the full amount of the claim referred to in that paragraph and that may duly assert the assignment of the claim against a third party such as the obligor) may have the obligor deposit the amount of money equivalent to the full amount of the claim with an official depository having jurisdiction over the place of performance of the obligation even if the assignee knew or did not know due to gross negligence that the manifestation of intention to restrict assignment was made. In such a case, the provisions of paragraphs (2) and (3) of that Article apply mutatis mutandis.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百六十六条の四（譲渡制限の意思表示がされた債権の差押え） — (Seizure of Claim Subject to Manifestation of Intention to Restrict Assignment)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-466-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-466-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-466-4
**第一項** 第四百六十六条第三項の規定は、譲渡制限の意思表示がされた債権に対する強制執行をした差押債権者に対しては、適用しない。
art-466-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-466-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-466-4/par-1
The provisions of Article 466, paragraph (3) do not apply to an attaching obligee that has conducted enforcement against a claim that is subject to the manifestation of intention to restrict assignment.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定にかかわらず、譲受人その他の第三者が譲渡制限の意思表示がされたことを知り、又は重大な過失によって知らなかった場合において、その債権者が同項の債権に対する強制執行をしたときは、債務者は、その債務の履行を拒むことができ、かつ、譲渡人に対する弁済その他の債務を消滅させる事由をもって差押債権者に対抗することができる。
art-466-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-466-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-466-4/par-2
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if a third party such as the assignee knew or did not know due to gross negligence that the manifestation of intention to restrict assignment was made, and the obligee of the assignee or other third party conducted enforcement against the claim referred to in that paragraph, the obligor may refuse to perform the obligation and duly assert against an attaching obligee any event that results in extinguishing the obligation such as payment to the assignor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百六十六条の五（預金債権又は貯金債権に係る譲渡制限の意思表示の効力） — (Effect of Manifestation of Intention to Restrict Assignment of Claim for Deposits or Claim for Savings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-466-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-466-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-466-5
**第一項** 預金口座又は貯金口座に係る預金又は貯金に係る債権（以下「預貯金債権」という。）について当事者がした譲渡制限の意思表示は、第四百六十六条第二項の規定にかかわらず、その譲渡制限の意思表示がされたことを知り、又は重大な過失によって知らなかった譲受人その他の第三者に対抗することができる。
art-466-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-466-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-466-5/par-1
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 466, paragraph (2), the manifestation of intention to restrict assignment which is made by a party with regard to a claim for deposits in a deposit account or a claim for savings in a saving account (referred to as a "claim for deposits" below) may be duly asserted against a third party such as the assignee that knew or did not know due to gross negligence that the manifestation of intention to restrict assignment was made.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、譲渡制限の意思表示がされた預貯金債権に対する強制執行をした差押債権者に対しては、適用しない。
art-466-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-466-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-466-5/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply to an attaching obligee that has conducted enforcement against a claim for deposits that is subject to the manifestation of intention to restrict assignment.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百六十六条の六（将来債権の譲渡性） — (Assignability of Claim Yet to Arise)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-466-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-466-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-466-6
**第一項** 債権の譲渡は、その意思表示の時に債権が現に発生していることを要しない。
art-466-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-466-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-466-6/par-1
The assignment of a claim does not require the claim to have already arisen by the time of the manifestation of intention to assign it.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債権が譲渡された場合において、その意思表示の時に債権が現に発生していないときは、譲受人は、発生した債権を当然に取得する。
art-466-6/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-466-6/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-466-6/par-2
If a claim is assigned, and the claim is yet to arise by the time of the manifestation of intention to assign it, the assignee by operation of law acquires the claim when it arises.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項に規定する場合において、譲渡人が次条の規定による通知をし、又は債務者が同条の規定による承諾をした時（以下「対抗要件具備時」という。）までに譲渡制限の意思表示がされたときは、譲受人その他の第三者がそのことを知っていたものとみなして、第四百六十六条第三項（譲渡制限の意思表示がされた債権が預貯金債権の場合にあっては、前条第一項）の規定を適用する。
art-466-6/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-466-6/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-466-6/par-3
In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if the assignor makes the manifestation of intention to restrict assignment by the time when the assignor gives notice under the provisions of the following Article or the obligor gives consent under the provisions of that Article (referred to as the "time when the requirements for perfection are satisfied" below), a third party such as the assignee is deemed to have known this, and the provisions of Article 466, paragraph (3) (or paragraph (1) of the preceding Article if the claim subject to the manifestation of intention to restrict assignment is a claim for deposits) apply thereto.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百六十七条（債権の譲渡の対抗要件） — (Requirement for Perfection of Assignment of Claim)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-467 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-467 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-467
**第一項** 債権の譲渡（現に発生していない債権の譲渡を含む。）は、譲渡人が債務者に通知をし、又は債務者が承諾をしなければ、債務者その他の第三者に対抗することができない。
art-467/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-467/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-467/par-1
The assignment of a claim (including the assignment of a claim that is yet to arise) may not be duly asserted against the applicable obligor or any other third party, unless the assignor gives notice of this to the obligor or the obligor has consented to the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の通知又は承諾は、確定日付のある証書によってしなければ、債務者以外の第三者に対抗することができない。
art-467/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-467/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-467/par-2
Notice or consent referred to in the preceding paragraph may not be duly asserted against a third party other than the obligor unless the notice or the consent is made using an instrument bearing a certified date.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百六十八条（債権の譲渡における債務者の抗弁） — (Defense of Obligor upon Assignment of Claim)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-468 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-468 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-468
**第一項** 債務者は、対抗要件具備時までに譲渡人に対して生じた事由をもって譲受人に対抗することができる。
art-468/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-468/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-468/par-1
An obligor may duly assert against the assignee any event that has taken place with regard to the assignor by the time when the requirements for perfection are satisfied.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第四百六十六条第四項の場合における前項の規定の適用については、同項中「対抗要件具備時」とあるのは、「第四百六十六条第四項の相当の期間を経過した時」とし、第四百六十六条の三の場合における同項の規定の適用については、同項中「対抗要件具備時」とあるのは、「第四百六十六条の三の規定により同条の譲受人から供託の請求を受けた時」とする。
art-468/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-468/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-468/par-2
For the purpose of the application of the provisions of the preceding paragraph in the case referred to in Article 466, paragraph (4), the phrase at the time when the requirements for perfection are satisfied" in that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "at the time when a reasonable period of time referred to in Article 466, paragraph (4) has passed"; and to apply the provisions of that paragraph in the case referred to in Article 466-3, the phrase "at the time when the requirements for perfection are satisfied" in that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "at the time when the obligor receives a request from the assignee referred to in Article 466-3 to make a deposit with an official depository pursuant to the provisions of that Article".
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百六十九条（債権の譲渡における相殺権） — (Right to Set-Off upon Assignment of Claim)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-469 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-469 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-469
**第一項** 債務者は、対抗要件具備時より前に取得した譲渡人に対する債権による相殺をもって譲受人に対抗することができる。
art-469/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-469/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-469/par-1
An obligor may duly assert against the assignee a set-off based on a claim against the assignor that the obligor acquired before the time when the requirements for perfection are satisfied.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債務者が対抗要件具備時より後に取得した譲渡人に対する債権であっても、その債権が次に掲げるものであるときは、前項と同様とする。ただし、債務者が対抗要件具備時より後に他人の債権を取得したときは、この限りでない。
art-469/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-469/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-469/par-2
The preceding paragraph also applies to a claim against the assignor that the obligor acquires after the time when the requirements for perfection are satisfied if the claim is any of the following; provided, however, that this does not apply if the obligor acquires a claim of another person after the time when the requirements for perfection are satisfied:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 対抗要件具備時より前の原因に基づいて生じた債権
art-469/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-469/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-469/par-2/item-1
a claim that has arisen from a cause that existed before the time when the requirements for perfection are satisfied; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 前号に掲げるもののほか、譲受人の取得した債権の発生原因である契約に基づいて生じた債権
art-469/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-469/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-469/par-2/item-2
beyond what is stated in the preceding item, a claim that has arisen from a contract under which the claim acquired by the assignee has arisen.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第四百六十六条第四項の場合における前二項の規定の適用については、これらの規定中「対抗要件具備時」とあるのは、「第四百六十六条第四項の相当の期間を経過した時」とし、第四百六十六条の三の場合におけるこれらの規定の適用については、これらの規定中「対抗要件具備時」とあるのは、「第四百六十六条の三の規定により同条の譲受人から供託の請求を受けた時」とする。
art-469/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-469/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-469/par-3
To apply the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs in the case referred to in Article 466, paragraph (4), the phrase "at the time when the requirements for perfection are satisfied" in these provisions is deemed to be replaced with "at the time when a reasonable period of time referred to in Article 466, paragraph (4) has passed"; and to apply these provisions in the case referred to in Article 466-3, the phrase "at the time when the requirements for perfection are satisfied" in these provisions is deemed to be replaced with "at the time when the obligor receives a request from the assignee referred to in Article 466-3 to make a deposit with an official depository pursuant to the provisions of that Article".
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第五節 債務の引受け — Section 5 Assumption of Obligation
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-5
## 第一款 併存的債務引受 — Subsection 1 Cumulative Assumption of an Obligation
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-5/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-5/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-5/subsec-1
### 第四百七十条（併存的債務引受の要件及び効果） — (Requirements for and Effect of Cumulative Assumption of an Obligation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-470 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-470 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-470
**第一項** 併存的債務引受の引受人は、債務者と連帯して、債務者が債権者に対して負担する債務と同一の内容の債務を負担する。
art-470/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-470/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-470/par-1
An additional obligor resulting from the cumulative assumption of an obligation assumes, jointly and severally with the initial obligor, an obligation of the same content as the obligation assumed by the initial obligor to the obligee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 併存的債務引受は、債権者と引受人となる者との契約によってすることができる。
art-470/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-470/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-470/par-2
The cumulative assumption of an obligation may be effected by a contract between the obligee and the person that becomes the additional obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 併存的債務引受は、債務者と引受人となる者との契約によってもすることができる。この場合において、併存的債務引受は、債権者が引受人となる者に対して承諾をした時に、その効力を生ずる。
art-470/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-470/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-470/par-3
The cumulative assumption of an obligation may also be effected by a contract between the initial obligor and the person that becomes the additional obligor. In such a case, the cumulative assumption of an obligation becomes effective when the obligee gives consent to the person that becomes the additional obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前項の規定によってする併存的債務引受は、第三者のためにする契約に関する規定に従う。
art-470/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-470/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-470/par-4
The cumulative assumption of an obligation to be effected pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph is governed by the provisions concerning a third party beneficiary contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百七十一条（併存的債務引受における引受人の抗弁等） — (Defense by Additional Obligor in Cumulative Assumption of an Obligation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-471 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-471 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-471
**第一項** 引受人は、併存的債務引受により負担した自己の債務について、その効力が生じた時に債務者が主張することができた抗弁をもって債権者に対抗することができる。
art-471/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-471/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-471/par-1
An additional obligor may duly assert against the obligee any defense that could have been asserted by the initial obligor at the time when the cumulative assumption of an obligation became effective, with regard to the obligation that the additional obligor has assumed through the cumulative assumption of an obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債務者が債権者に対して取消権又は解除権を有するときは、引受人は、これらの権利の行使によって債務者がその債務を免れるべき限度において、債権者に対して債務の履行を拒むことができる。
art-471/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-471/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-471/par-2
If the initial obligor has a right to revoke or right to cancel against the obligee, the additional obligor may refuse to perform the obligation to the obligee to the extent that the initial obligor should have been released from the obligation by exercising either of these rights.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二款 免責的債務引受 — Subsection 2 Discharging Assumption of an Obligation
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-5/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-5/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-5/subsec-2
### 第四百七十二条（免責的債務引受の要件及び効果） — (Requirements for and Effect of Discharging Assumption of an Obligation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-472 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-472 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-472
**第一項** 免責的債務引受の引受人は債務者が債権者に対して負担する債務と同一の内容の債務を負担し、債務者は自己の債務を免れる。
art-472/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-472/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-472/par-1
A new obligor resulting from the discharging assumption of an obligation assumes an obligation of the same content as the obligation of the initial obligor to the obligee, and the initial obligor is released from their own obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 免責的債務引受は、債権者と引受人となる者との契約によってすることができる。この場合において、免責的債務引受は、債権者が債務者に対してその契約をした旨を通知した時に、その効力を生ずる。
art-472/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-472/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-472/par-2
The discharging assumption of an obligation may be effected by a contract between the obligee and the person that becomes the replacing obligor. In such a case, the discharging assumption of the obligation becomes effective when the obligee notifies the initial obligor of the conclusion of that contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 免責的債務引受は、債務者と引受人となる者が契約をし、債権者が引受人となる者に対して承諾をすることによってもすることができる。
art-472/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-472/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-472/par-3
The discharging assumption of an obligation may also be effected if the initial obligor and the person that becomes the replacing obligor conclude a contract and the obligee gives consent to the person that becomes the replacing obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百七十二条の二（免責的債務引受における引受人の抗弁等） — (Defense by New Obligor in Discharging Assumption of an Obligation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-472-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-472-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-472-2
**第一項** 引受人は、免責的債務引受により負担した自己の債務について、その効力が生じた時に債務者が主張することができた抗弁をもって債権者に対抗することができる。
art-472-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-472-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-472-2/par-1
A new obligor may duly assert against the obligee any defense that could have been asserted by the initial obligor at the time when the discharging assumption of an obligation became effective, with regard to the obligation that the replacing obligor has assumed through the assumption of obligation releasing the obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債務者が債権者に対して取消権又は解除権を有するときは、引受人は、免責的債務引受がなければこれらの権利の行使によって債務者がその債務を免れることができた限度において、債権者に対して債務の履行を拒むことができる。
art-472-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-472-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-472-2/par-2
If the old obligor has a right to revoke or right to cancel against the obligee, the new obligor may refuse to perform the obligation to the obligee to the extent that the initial obligor could have been released from the obligation by exercising either of these rights should the assumption of obligation releasing the obligor not be effected.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百七十二条の三（免責的債務引受における引受人の求償権） — (Right to Reimbursement of New Obligor Resulting from Discharging Assumption of an Obligation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-472-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-472-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-472-3
**第一項** 免責的債務引受の引受人は、債務者に対して求償権を取得しない。
art-472-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-472-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-472-3/par-1
A new obligor resulting from the discharging assumption of an obligation does not acquire a right to reimbursement from the obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百七十二条の四（免責的債務引受による担保の移転） — (Transfer of Security Resulting from Discharging Assumption of an Obligation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-472-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-472-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-472-4
**第一項** 債権者は、第四百七十二条第一項の規定により債務者が免れる債務の担保として設定された担保権を引受人が負担する債務に移すことができる。ただし、引受人以外の者がこれを設定した場合には、その承諾を得なければならない。
art-472-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-472-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-472-4/par-1
An obligee may transfer a security right that has been created as security for the obligation from which the initial obligor is released pursuant to the provisions of Article 472, paragraph (1) to the obligation assumed by the replacing obligor; provided, however, that if a person other than the replacing obligor created the security right, the obligee must obtain consent from that person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定による担保権の移転は、あらかじめ又は同時に引受人に対してする意思表示によってしなければならない。
art-472-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-472-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-472-4/par-2
The transfer of a security right under the provisions of the preceding paragraph must be effected by manifesting the intention to the replacing obligor in advance or upon the transfer.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定は、第四百七十二条第一項の規定により債務者が免れる債務の保証をした者があるときについて準用する。
art-472-4/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-472-4/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-472-4/par-3
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis if there is a person that gave guarantee for the obligation from which the initial obligor is released pursuant to the provisions of Article 472, paragraph (1).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前項の場合において、同項において準用する第一項の承諾は、書面でしなければ、その効力を生じない。
art-472-4/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-472-4/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-472-4/par-4
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the consent referred to in paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph does not become effective unless it is given in writing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 前項の承諾がその内容を記録した電磁的記録によってされたときは、その承諾は、書面によってされたものとみなして、同項の規定を適用する。
art-472-4/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-472-4/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-472-4/par-5
If the consent referred to in the preceding paragraph is given by means of an electronic or magnetic record in which its content is recorded, the consent is deemed to have been given in writing, and the provisions of that paragraph applies.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第六節 債権の消滅 — Section 6 Extinction of Claims
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-6
## 第一款 弁済 — Subsection 1 Performance
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-1
## 第一目 総則 — Division 1 General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-1/div-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-1/div-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-1/div-1
### 第四百七十三条（弁済） — (Performance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-473 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-473 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-473
**第一項** 債務者が債権者に対して債務の弁済をしたときは、その債権は、消滅する。
art-473/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-473/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-473/par-1
If the obligor performs an obligation to the obligee, the claim is extinguished.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百七十四条（第三者の弁済） — (Performance by Third Parties)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-474 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-474 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-474
**第一項** 債務の弁済は、第三者もすることができる。
art-474/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-474/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-474/par-1
A third party may also perform an obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 弁済をするについて正当な利益を有する者でない第三者は、債務者の意思に反して弁済をすることができない。ただし、債務者の意思に反することを債権者が知らなかったときは、この限りでない。
art-474/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-474/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-474/par-2
A third party that has no legitimate interest in performing an obligation may not perform the obligation against the intention of the obligor; provided, however, that this does not apply if the obligee did not know that the performance is against the intention of the obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項に規定する第三者は、債権者の意思に反して弁済をすることができない。ただし、その第三者が債務者の委託を受けて弁済をする場合において、そのことを債権者が知っていたときは、この限りでない。
art-474/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-474/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-474/par-3
The third party prescribed in the preceding paragraph may not perform the obligation against the intention of the obligee; provided, however, that this does not apply if the third party performs the obligation as requested by the obligor, and the obligee knew this.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前三項の規定は、その債務の性質が第三者の弁済を許さないとき、又は当事者が第三者の弁済を禁止し、若しくは制限する旨の意思表示をしたときは、適用しない。
art-474/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-474/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-474/par-4
The provisions of the preceding three paragraphs do not apply if the nature of an obligation does not permit the performance by a third party or if a party manifests the intention to prohibit or restrict the performance by a third party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百七十五条（弁済として引き渡した物の取戻し） — (Recovery of Thing Transferred in Performance of Obligation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-475 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-475 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-475
**第一項** 弁済をした者が弁済として他人の物を引き渡したときは、その弁済をした者は、更に有効な弁済をしなければ、その物を取り戻すことができない。
art-475/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-475/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-475/par-1
If a person effecting performance has delivered a thing owned by another person in performance of the obligation, the person so effecting performance may not recover that thing without effecting valid performance de novo.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百七十六条（弁済として引き渡した物の消費又は譲渡がされた場合の弁済の効力等） — (Effect of Performance If the Thing Delivered in Performance of Obligation Is Consumed or Assigned)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-476 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-476 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-476
**第一項** 前条の場合において、債権者が弁済として受領した物を善意で消費し、又は譲り渡したときは、その弁済は、有効とする。この場合において、債権者が第三者から賠償の請求を受けたときは、弁済をした者に対して求償をすることを妨げない。
art-476/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-476/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-476/par-1
In a case referred to in the preceding Article, if an obligee in good faith consumes or assigns things received in performance of an obligation, that performance is valid. In such a case, if the obligee has received a claim for compensation from a third party, the obligee is not precluded from seeking reimbursement from the person performing the obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百七十七条（預金又は貯金の口座に対する払込みによる弁済） — (Performance by Payment into Account for Deposits or Account for Savings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-477 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-477 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-477
**第一項** 債権者の預金又は貯金の口座に対する払込みによってする弁済は、債権者がその預金又は貯金に係る債権の債務者に対してその払込みに係る金額の払戻しを請求する権利を取得した時に、その効力を生ずる。
art-477/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-477/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-477/par-1
Performance made by making payment into the obligee's account for deposits or savings becomes effective when the obligee acquires a right to demand the refund of the amount paid, against the obligor of the claim to be paid from deposits or savings.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百七十八条（受領権者としての外観を有する者に対する弁済） — (Performance to Person That Appears to Be Authorized to Accept)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-478 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-478 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-478
**第一項** 受領権者（債権者及び法令の規定又は当事者の意思表示によって弁済を受領する権限を付与された第三者をいう。以下同じ。）以外の者であって取引上の社会通念に照らして受領権者としての外観を有するものに対してした弁済は、その弁済をした者が善意であり、かつ、過失がなかったときに限り、その効力を有する。
art-478/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-478/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-478/par-1
Performance made to a person that does not constitute a person authorized to accept the performance (meaning the obligee or a third party authorized to accept performance based on the provisions of laws and regulations or the manifestation of intention of the parties; the same applies below) but that appears to be the person authorized to accept the performance in light of common sense trading practices is effective only if the person effecting performance was acting in good faith and without negligence.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百七十九条（受領権者以外の者に対する弁済） — (Performance to Person Other Than Person with Right to Performance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-479 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-479 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-479
**第一項** 前条の場合を除き、受領権者以外の者に対してした弁済は、債権者がこれによって利益を受けた限度においてのみ、その効力を有する。
art-479/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-479/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-479/par-1
Except as provided in the preceding Article, any performance made to a person other than the person with right to performance is effective only to the extent that the obligee is enriched as its result.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百八十条 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-480 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-480 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-480
**第一項** 削除
art-480/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-480/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-480/par-1
Deleted
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百八十一条（差押えを受けた債権の第三債務者の弁済） — (Performance by Third Party Obligor of Claim Seized)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-481 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-481 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-481
**第一項** 差押えを受けた債権の第三債務者が自己の債権者に弁済をしたときは、差押債権者は、その受けた損害の限度において更に弁済をすべき旨を第三債務者に請求することができる。
art-481/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-481/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-481/par-1
If a third party obligor of a claim that has been seized performs the obligation to that third party's own obligee, the attaching obligee is entitled to request the third party obligor to perform the obligation de novo to the extent of the damage sustained by the attaching obligee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、第三債務者からその債権者に対する求償権の行使を妨げない。
art-481/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-481/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-481/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not preclude the relevant third party obligor from exercising the right to reimbursement from the obligee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百八十二条（代物弁済） — (Accord and Satisfaction)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-482 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-482 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-482
**第一項** 弁済をすることができる者（以下「弁済者」という。）が、債権者との間で、債務者の負担した給付に代えて他の給付をすることにより債務を消滅させる旨の契約をした場合において、その弁済者が当該他の給付をしたときは、その給付は、弁済と同一の効力を有する。
art-482/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-482/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-482/par-1
If a person that has right to perform an obligation (referred to as a "performer" below) concludes a contract with the obligee to the effect that the person is to have the obligation extinguished by making, in lieu of the payment or delivery to be performed by the obligor, another type of payment or delivery, and the performer makes that other type of payment or delivery, the payment or delivery thus made has the same effect as that of the performance of the obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百八十三条（特定物の現状による引渡し） — (Delivery of Specific Thing on As-Is Basis)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-483 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-483 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-483
**第一項** 債権の目的が特定物の引渡しである場合において、契約その他の債権の発生原因及び取引上の社会通念に照らしてその引渡しをすべき時の品質を定めることができないときは、弁済をする者は、その引渡しをすべき時の現状でその物を引き渡さなければならない。
art-483/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-483/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-483/par-1
If the subject of a claim is the delivery of a specific thing, and the quality of the thing may not be determined on the time when the delivery is due in light of the cause from which the claim has arisen such as a contract and common sense trading practices, the person that performs the obligation must deliver the thing on an "as-is" basis on the time when the delivery is due.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百八十四条（弁済の場所及び時間） — (Place and Time of Performance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-484 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-484 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-484
**第一項** 弁済をすべき場所について別段の意思表示がないときは、特定物の引渡しは債権発生の時にその物が存在した場所において、その他の弁済は債権者の現在の住所において、それぞれしなければならない。
art-484/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-484/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-484/par-1
Unless a particular intention is manifested with respect to the place where the performance should take place, the delivery of a specific thing must be effected at the place where that thing was located when the relevant claim accrued, and the discharge of any other obligation must be effected at the current domicile of the obligee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 法令又は慣習により取引時間の定めがあるときは、その取引時間内に限り、弁済をし、又は弁済の請求をすることができる。
art-484/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-484/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-484/par-2
If the trading hours are specified by laws and regulations or customs, performance may be made or demanded only within the trading hours.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百八十五条（弁済の費用） — (Expense of Performance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-485 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-485 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-485
**第一項** 弁済の費用について別段の意思表示がないときは、その費用は、債務者の負担とする。ただし、債権者が住所の移転その他の行為によって弁済の費用を増加させたときは、その増加額は、債権者の負担とする。
art-485/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-485/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-485/par-1
Unless a particular intention is manifested with respect to the expenses of performance, those expenses are borne by the obligor; provided, however, that if the obligee caused the expenses of performance to increase by relocating its domicile or taking any other act, the amount of increase due to this is borne by the obligee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百八十六条（受取証書の交付請求等） — (Request for Issuance of Receipt)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-486 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-486 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-486
**第一項** 弁済をする者は、弁済と引換えに、弁済を受領する者に対して受取証書の交付を請求することができる。
art-486/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-486/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-486/par-1
A person performing an obligation may, in exchange for the performance, request the person accepting the performance to issue a receipt.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 弁済をする者は、前項の受取証書の交付に代えて、その内容を記録した電磁的記録の提供を請求することができる。ただし、弁済を受領する者に不相当な負担を課するものであるときは、この限りでない。
art-486/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-486/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-486/par-2
A person performing an obligation may request the person accepting performance to provide an electronic or magnetic record on which the content of a receipt referred to in the preceding paragraph has been recorded, in lieu of issuing that receipt; provided, however, that this does not apply if it would impose an undue burden on the person accepting performance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百八十七条（債権証書の返還請求） — (Request for Return of Instrument Evidencing Claims)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-487 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-487 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-487
**第一項** 債権に関する証書がある場合において、弁済をした者が全部の弁済をしたときは、その証書の返還を請求することができる。
art-487/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-487/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-487/par-1
If there is an instrument evidencing a claim and the person performing the obligation has made full performance, that person may demand the return of the instrument.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百八十八条（同種の給付を目的とする数個の債務がある場合の充当） — (Appropriation of One Payment or Delivery among Two or More Obligations Requiring the Same Kind of Payment or Delivery)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-488 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-488 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-488
**第一項** 債務者が同一の債権者に対して同種の給付を目的とする数個の債務を負担する場合において、弁済として提供した給付が全ての債務を消滅させるのに足りないとき（次条第一項に規定する場合を除く。）は、弁済をする者は、給付の時に、その弁済を充当すべき債務を指定することができる。
art-488/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-488/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-488/par-1
If an obligor bears to a single obligee two or more obligations which require the same kind of payment or delivery, and the payment or delivery provided in performance of the obligations is not sufficient to extinguish all of these obligations (excluding the case prescribed in paragraph (1) of the following Article), the person that performs the obligation may, at the time of the payment or delivery, designate a particular obligation to which that performance should be appropriated before any others.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 弁済をする者が前項の規定による指定をしないときは、弁済を受領する者は、その受領の時に、その弁済を充当すべき債務を指定することができる。ただし、弁済をする者がその充当に対して直ちに異議を述べたときは、この限りでない。
art-488/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-488/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-488/par-2
If the person performing an obligation does not make the designation under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the person receiving the performance may, at the time of that receipt, designate a particular obligation to which the performance should be appropriated before any others; provided, however, that this does not apply if the person performing the obligation immediately raises an objection to that appropriation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の場合における弁済の充当の指定は、相手方に対する意思表示によってする。
art-488/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-488/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-488/par-3
The designation of the appropriation of the performance under the preceding two paragraphs is effected through a manifestation of intention to the counterparty.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 弁済をする者及び弁済を受領する者がいずれも第一項又は第二項の規定による指定をしないときは、次の各号の定めるところに従い、その弁済を充当する。
art-488/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-488/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-488/par-4
Neither the person that makes the performance nor the person that accepts the performance makes designation under the provisions of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2), the performance is appropriated pursuant to the provisions of the following items:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 債務の中に弁済期にあるものと弁済期にないものとがあるときは、弁済期にあるものに先に充当する。
art-488/par-4/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-488/par-4/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-488/par-4/item-1
if the obligations include those which are due and those which are not yet due, the performance is appropriated to those which are due;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 全ての債務が弁済期にあるとき、又は弁済期にないときは、債務者のために弁済の利益が多いものに先に充当する。
art-488/par-4/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-488/par-4/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-488/par-4/item-2
if all obligations are due, or none of the obligations is due, the performance is appropriated in the order of the obligations which are to result in more benefit to the obligor when performed;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 債務者のために弁済の利益が相等しいときは、弁済期が先に到来したもの又は先に到来すべきものに先に充当する。
art-488/par-4/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-488/par-4/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-488/par-4/item-3
if all obligations would have equal benefit to the obligor when performed, the performance is appropriated in the order of the obligations which have, or should have, the earliest due date; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 前二号に掲げる事項が相等しい債務の弁済は、各債務の額に応じて充当する。
art-488/par-4/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-488/par-4/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-488/par-4/item-4
the performance of obligations which are equal in terms of the particulars stated in the preceding two items is appropriated in proportion to the amount of each obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百八十九条（元本、利息及び費用を支払うべき場合の充当） — (Appropriation to Principal, Interest and Expenses Payable)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-489 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-489 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-489
**第一項** 債務者が一個又は数個の債務について元本のほか利息及び費用を支払うべき場合（債務者が数個の債務を負担する場合にあっては、同一の債権者に対して同種の給付を目的とする数個の債務を負担するときに限る。）において、弁済をする者がその債務の全部を消滅させるのに足りない給付をしたときは、これを順次に費用、利息及び元本に充当しなければならない。
art-489/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-489/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-489/par-1
If the obligor is liable to pay interest and expenses in addition to principal with respect to one or more obligations (if the obligor bears two or more obligations, limited to when the obligor bears these obligations requiring the same kind of payment or delivery to the same obligee), and the person that performs the obligations makes payment or delivery which is not sufficient to extinguish the obligation in its entirety must be appropriated first to expenses, and then to interest and principal, in this order.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前条の規定は、前項の場合において、費用、利息又は元本のいずれかの全てを消滅させるのに足りない給付をしたときについて準用する。
art-489/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-489/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-489/par-2
The provisions of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis in the case referred to in the preceding paragraph in which the person makes payment or delivery which is not sufficient to extinguish any of expenses, interest or principal in whole.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百九十条（合意による弁済の充当） — (Appropriation of Performance by Agreement)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-490 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-490 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-490
**第一項** 前二条の規定にかかわらず、弁済をする者と弁済を受領する者との間に弁済の充当の順序に関する合意があるときは、その順序に従い、その弁済を充当する。
art-490/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-490/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-490/par-1
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding two Articles, if the person that makes performance and the person that accepts performance agree on the order of appropriation of performance, the performance is appropriated according to the agreed-upon order.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百九十一条（数個の給付をすべき場合の充当） — (Appropriation in Cases More Than One Performance Should Be Tendered)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-491 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-491 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-491
**第一項** 一個の債務の弁済として数個の給付をすべき場合において、弁済をする者がその債務の全部を消滅させるのに足りない給付をしたときは、前三条の規定を準用する。
art-491/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-491/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-491/par-1
If more than one performance should be tendered to discharge a single obligation, if the person that must perform tenders any performance which is not sufficient to extinguish the obligation in its entirety, the provisions of the preceding three Articles apply mutatis mutandis.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百九十二条（弁済の提供の効果） — (Effect of Tender of Performances)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-492 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-492 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-492
**第一項** 債務者は、弁済の提供の時から、債務を履行しないことによって生ずべき責任を免れる。
art-492/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-492/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-492/par-1
Upon tendering the performance, the obligor is relieved from any and all responsibilities which may arise from the non-performance of the obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百九十三条（弁済の提供の方法） — (Method of Tender of Performances)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-493 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-493 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-493
**第一項** 弁済の提供は、債務の本旨に従って現実にしなければならない。ただし、債権者があらかじめその受領を拒み、又は債務の履行について債権者の行為を要するときは、弁済の準備をしたことを通知してその受領の催告をすれば足りる。
art-493/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-493/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-493/par-1
The tender of the performance must be made actually consistent with the main purport of the obligation; provided, however, that if the obligee refuses to accept that performance in advance or if any act is required on the part of the obligee with respect to the performance of the obligation, it is sufficient for the obligor to request its acceptance by giving a notice that the tender of the performance has been prepared.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二目 弁済の目的物の供託 — Division 2 Deposit of Subject Matter of Performance
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-1/div-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-1/div-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-1/div-2
### 第四百九十四条（供託） — (Deposit with an Official Depository)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-494 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-494 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-494
**第一項** 弁済者は、次に掲げる場合には、債権者のために弁済の目的物を供託することができる。この場合においては、弁済者が供託をした時に、その債権は、消滅する。
art-494/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-494/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-494/par-1
In the following cases, a performer may deposit the subject matter of the performance with an official depository for the benefit of the obligee. In such a case, the claim is extinguished when the performer makes the deposit:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 弁済の提供をした場合において、債権者がその受領を拒んだとき。
art-494/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-494/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-494/par-1/item-1
the performer tenders the performance, and the obligee refuses to accept it; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 債権者が弁済を受領することができないとき。
art-494/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-494/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-494/par-1/item-2
the obligee is unable to accept the performance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 弁済者が債権者を確知することができないときも、前項と同様とする。ただし、弁済者に過失があるときは、この限りでない。
art-494/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-494/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-494/par-2
The preceding paragraph also applies if the performer is unable to ascertain the obligee; provided, however, that this does not apply if the performer is negligent in this respect.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百九十五条（供託の方法） — (Method of Deposit)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-495 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-495 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-495
**第一項** 前条の規定による供託は、債務の履行地の供託所にしなければならない。
art-495/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-495/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-495/par-1
The deposit under the provisions of the preceding Article must be made with the official depository having jurisdiction over the place where the relevant obligation is performed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 供託所について法令に特別の定めがない場合には、裁判所は、弁済者の請求により、供託所の指定及び供託物の保管者の選任をしなければならない。
art-495/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-495/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-495/par-2
If there is no specific provision in laws and regulations with respect to the official depository, the court, at the request of the performer, must designate the depository and appoint a custodian of the thing to be deposited.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前条の規定により供託をした者は、遅滞なく、債権者に供託の通知をしなければならない。
art-495/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-495/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-495/par-3
A person that has effected a deposit pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article must notify the obligee of the deposit without delay.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百九十六条（供託物の取戻し） — (Recovery of Deposited Things)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-496 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-496 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-496
**第一項** 債権者が供託を受諾せず、又は供託を有効と宣告した判決が確定しない間は、弁済者は、供託物を取り戻すことができる。この場合においては、供託をしなかったものとみなす。
art-496/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-496/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-496/par-1
As long as the obligee does not accept the deposit, or the judgment which pronounces that the deposit is effective does not become final and binding, the performer may recover the deposited things. In that case, it is deemed that no deposit has been effected.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、供託によって質権又は抵当権が消滅した場合には、適用しない。
art-496/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-496/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-496/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply in cases any pledge or mortgage has been extinguished due to the deposit.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百九十七条（供託に適しない物等） — (Things Not Suitable for Deposit)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-497 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-497 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-497
**第一項** 弁済者は、次に掲げる場合には、裁判所の許可を得て、弁済の目的物を競売に付し、その代金を供託することができる。
art-497/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-497/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-497/par-1
In the following cases, the performer may, with the permission of the court, sell the thing that is the subject matter of performance at public auction and deposit the proceeds of the sales with an official depository:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** その物が供託に適しないとき。
art-497/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-497/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-497/par-1/item-1
the thing is not suitable for deposit;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** その物について滅失、損傷その他の事由による価格の低落のおそれがあるとき。
art-497/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-497/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-497/par-1/item-2
the price of the thing is likely to decline due to causes such as loss and damage;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** その物の保存について過分の費用を要するとき。
art-497/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-497/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-497/par-1/item-3
excessive expenses are required for the preservation of the thing; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 前三号に掲げる場合のほか、その物を供託することが困難な事情があるとき。
art-497/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-497/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-497/par-1/item-4
beyond the cases stated in the preceding three items, there are circumstances that make it difficult to deposit the thing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四百九十八条（供託物の還付請求等） — (Demand for Refund of Deposited Thing)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-498 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-498 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-498
**第一項** 弁済の目的物又は前条の代金が供託された場合には、債権者は、供託物の還付を請求することができる。
art-498/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-498/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-498/par-1
If the property that is the subject matter of performance or the proceeds referred to in the preceding Article are deposited, the obligee may demand the refund of the deposited thing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債務者が債権者の給付に対して弁済をすべき場合には、債権者は、その給付をしなければ、供託物を受け取ることができない。
art-498/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-498/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-498/par-2
If the obligor is to effect performance in exchange for payment or delivery by the obligee, the obligee may not receive deposited thing without making that payment or delivery.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三目 弁済による代位 — Division 3 Subrogation by Performance
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-1/div-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-1/div-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-1/div-3
### 第四百九十九条（弁済による代位の要件） — (Requirements for Subrogation by Performance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-499 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-499 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-499
**第一項** 債務者のために弁済をした者は、債権者に代位する。
art-499/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-499/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-499/par-1
A person that has performed the obligation for the benefit of the obligor is subrogated to the claim of the obligee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百条
art-500 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-500 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-500
**第一項** 第四百六十七条の規定は、前条の場合（弁済をするについて正当な利益を有する者が債権者に代位する場合を除く。）について準用する。
art-500/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-500/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-500/par-1
The provisions of Article 467 apply mutatis mutandis in the case referred to in the preceding Article (unless a person with a legitimate interest in making performance is subrogated to the claim of the obligee).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百一条（弁済による代位の効果） — (Effect of Subrogation by Performance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-501 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-501 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-501
**第一項** 前二条の規定により債権者に代位した者は、債権の効力及び担保としてその債権者が有していた一切の権利を行使することができる。
art-501/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-501/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-501/par-1
A person that is subrogated to the claim of the obligee pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two Articles may exercise all rights possessed by the obligee as the effect of, and as a security for, the claim held by the obligee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定による権利の行使は、債権者に代位した者が自己の権利に基づいて債務者に対して求償をすることができる範囲内（保証人の一人が他の保証人に対して債権者に代位する場合には、自己の権利に基づいて当該他の保証人に対して求償をすることができる範囲内）に限り、することができる。
art-501/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-501/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-501/par-2
The exercise of rights under the provisions of the preceding paragraph is allowed only to the extent that the person that is subrogated to the claim of the obligee is entitled to seek reimbursement from the obligor based on the person's own rights (if one of the guarantors is subrogated to the claim of the obligee in relation to other guarantors, only to the extent that the guarantor is entitled to seek reimbursement from the other guarantors based on that guarantor's own rights).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の場合には、前項の規定によるほか、次に掲げるところによる。
art-501/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-501/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-501/par-3
In the case referred to in paragraph (1), the following provisions apply in addition to the provisions of the preceding paragraph:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 第三取得者（債務者から担保の目的となっている財産を譲り受けた者をいう。以下この項において同じ。）は、保証人及び物上保証人に対して債権者に代位しない。
art-501/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-501/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-501/par-3/item-1
a third party acquirer (meaning a person that has acquired from the obligor the property that is the subject of security; the same applies in this paragraph below) is not subrogated to the claim of the obligee in relation to any guarantors or third-party collateral providers;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 第三取得者の一人は、各財産の価格に応じて、他の第三取得者に対して債権者に代位する。
art-501/par-3/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-501/par-3/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-501/par-3/item-2
one of the third party acquirers is subrogated to the claim of the obligee in relation to other third party acquirers in proportion to the price of each property;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 前号の規定は、物上保証人の一人が他の物上保証人に対して債権者に代位する場合について準用する。
art-501/par-3/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-501/par-3/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-501/par-3/item-3
the provisions of the preceding item apply mutatis mutandis if one of the third-party collateral providers is subrogated to the claim of the obligee in relation to other third-party collateral providers;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 保証人と物上保証人との間においては、その数に応じて、債権者に代位する。ただし、物上保証人が数人あるときは、保証人の負担部分を除いた残額について、各財産の価格に応じて、債権者に代位する。
art-501/par-3/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-501/par-3/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-501/par-3/item-4
between a guarantor and a third-party collateral provider, the subrogation to the claim of the obligee is effected depending on the number of these persons involved; provided, however, that if there are two or more third-party collateral providers, they are subrogated to the claim of the obligee in proportion to the price of each property with respect to the amount which remains after deduction of the share of the guarantor; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**五** 第三取得者から担保の目的となっている財産を譲り受けた者は、第三取得者とみなして第一号及び第二号の規定を適用し、物上保証人から担保の目的となっている財産を譲り受けた者は、物上保証人とみなして第一号、第三号及び前号の規定を適用する。
art-501/par-3/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-501/par-3/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-501/par-3/item-5
a person that has acquired from a third party acquirer the property that is the subject of security is deemed to be a third party acquirer, and the provisions of items (i) and (ii) apply thereto; and a person that has acquired from a third-party collateral provider the property that is the subject of security is deemed to be a third-party collateral provider, and the provisions of items (i) and (iii) and the preceding item apply thereto.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二条（一部弁済による代位） — (Subrogation by Partial Performance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-502 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-502 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-502
**第一項** 債権の一部について代位弁済があったときは、代位者は、債権者の同意を得て、その弁済をした価額に応じて、債権者とともにその権利を行使することができる。
art-502/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-502/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-502/par-1
If performance by subrogation occurs with respect to one part of a claim, the subrogee, with the consent of the obligee, may exercise the rights of the subrogee together with the obligee in proportion to the value of the subrogee's performance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合であっても、債権者は、単独でその権利を行使することができる。
art-502/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-502/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-502/par-2
Even in a case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the obligee may exercise the obligee's right independently.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の場合に債権者が行使する権利は、その債権の担保の目的となっている財産の売却代金その他の当該権利の行使によって得られる金銭について、代位者が行使する権利に優先する。
art-502/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-502/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-502/par-3
The right to be exercised by the obligee in the case referred to in the preceding two paragraphs prevails over the right to be exercised by the subrogee with regard to money to be obtained as a result of the exercise of the rights such as the proceeds from the sale of the property that is the subject of security for the claim of the obligee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第一項の場合において、債務の不履行による契約の解除は、債権者のみがすることができる。この場合においては、代位者に対し、その弁済をした価額及びその利息を償還しなければならない。
art-502/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-502/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-502/par-4
In the case referred to in paragraph (1), the cancellation of a contract based on the failure to perform the obligation may be effected only by the obligee. In such a case, the obligee must reimburse to the subrogee the value of the performance that the subrogee effected plus interest.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百三条（債権者による債権証書の交付等） — (Delivery of Instrument Evidencing Claims by Obligee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-503 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-503 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-503
**第一項** 代位弁済によって全部の弁済を受けた債権者は、債権に関する証書及び自己の占有する担保物を代位者に交付しなければならない。
art-503/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-503/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-503/par-1
An obligee that has received full performance by way of subrogation must deliver to the subrogee the instruments regarding the claim and any collateral that the obligee possesses.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債権の一部について代位弁済があった場合には、債権者は、債権に関する証書にその代位を記入し、かつ、自己の占有する担保物の保存を代位者に監督させなければならない。
art-503/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-503/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-503/par-2
If performance by subrogation occurs with respect to a part of a claim, the obligee must enter the particulars of that subrogation in the instruments regarding the claim and allow the subrogee to supervise the custody of the collateral that the obligee possesses.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百四条（債権者による担保の喪失等） — (Loss of Security by Obligee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-504 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-504 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-504
**第一項** 弁済をするについて正当な利益を有する者（以下この項において「代位権者」という。）がある場合において、債権者が故意又は過失によってその担保を喪失し、又は減少させたときは、その代位権者は、代位をするに当たって担保の喪失又は減少によって償還を受けることができなくなる限度において、その責任を免れる。その代位権者が物上保証人である場合において、その代位権者から担保の目的となっている財産を譲り受けた第三者及びその特定承継人についても、同様とする。
art-504/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-504/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-504/par-1
If there is a person that has legitimate interest in performing an obligation (referred to as a "person entitled to subrogation" in this paragraph below), and the obligee causes its security to be lost or diminished intentionally or negligently, the person entitled to subrogation is relieved from responsibility to the extent that that person can no longer seek the reimbursement due to the loss or diminution in the security available upon subrogation. If the person entitled to subrogation is a third-party collateral provider, the same applies to a third party that has acquired from the person entitled to subrogation the property that is the subject of security and to its specific successor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、債権者が担保を喪失し、又は減少させたことについて取引上の社会通念に照らして合理的な理由があると認められるときは、適用しない。
art-504/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-504/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-504/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the obligee is found to have reasonable grounds in light of common sense trading practices for causing the security to be lost or diminished.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二款 相殺 — Subsection 2 Set-Offs
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-2
### 第五百五条（相殺の要件等） — (Requirements for Set-Offs)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-505 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-505 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-505
**第一項** 二人が互いに同種の目的を有する債務を負担する場合において、双方の債務が弁済期にあるときは、各債務者は、その対当額について相殺によってその債務を免れることができる。ただし、債務の性質がこれを許さないときは、この限りでない。
art-505/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-505/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-505/par-1
If two persons bear an obligation to each other that has the same kind of purpose and if both obligations are due, each obligor may be relieved from the obligation by setting off the value of that obligation against the corresponding amount of the obligation of the other obligor; provided, however, that this does not apply if the nature of the obligation does not permit such a set-off.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定にかかわらず、当事者が相殺を禁止し、又は制限する旨の意思表示をした場合には、その意思表示は、第三者がこれを知り、又は重大な過失によって知らなかったときに限り、その第三者に対抗することができる。
art-505/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-505/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-505/par-2
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if a party manifests the intention to prohibit or restrict a set-off, that manifestation of the intention may be duly asserted against a third party only if the third party knew or did not know due to gross negligence it.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百六条（相殺の方法及び効力） — (Method and Effect of Set-Offs)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-506 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-506 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-506
**第一項** 相殺は、当事者の一方から相手方に対する意思表示によってする。この場合において、その意思表示には、条件又は期限を付することができない。
art-506/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-506/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-506/par-1
Set-offs are effected through the manifestation of one party's intention to the other. In such a case, no condition or time limit may be added to the manifestation of intention.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の意思表示は、双方の債務が互いに相殺に適するようになった時にさかのぼってその効力を生ずる。
art-506/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-506/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-506/par-2
A manifestation of intention referred to in the preceding paragraph is effective retroactive to the time when the obligations of both parties became eligible to be set-off.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百七条（履行地の異なる債務の相殺） — (Set-Offs Between Obligations with Different Places of Performance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-507 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-507 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-507
**第一項** 相殺は、双方の債務の履行地が異なるときであっても、することができる。この場合において、相殺をする当事者は、相手方に対し、これによって生じた損害を賠償しなければならない。
art-507/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-507/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-507/par-1
Set-offs may be effected even if the places of performance of both obligations are different. In that case, the party seeking to effect the set-off must compensate the counterparty for any damage suffered as result of that set-off.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百八条（時効により消滅した債権を自働債権とする相殺） — (Set-Offs Using a Claim Extinguished by Prescription as Claim Used to Assert Set-Off)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-508 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-508 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-508
**第一項** 時効によって消滅した債権がその消滅以前に相殺に適するようになっていた場合には、その債権者は、相殺をすることができる。
art-508/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-508/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-508/par-1
If a claim extinguished by prescription was eligible for set-off before its extinguishment, the obligee may use that claim for the set-off.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百九条（不法行為等により生じた債権を受働債権とする相殺の禁止） — (Prohibition of Effecting Set-Offs Against Claims Arising from Tort as Passive Sett-Off Claim)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-509 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-509 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-509
**第一項** 次に掲げる債務の債務者は、相殺をもって債権者に対抗することができない。ただし、その債権者がその債務に係る債権を他人から譲り受けたときは、この限りでない。
art-509/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-509/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-509/par-1
The obligor of either of the following obligations may not duly assert a set-off against the obligee; provided, however, that this does not apply if the obligee acquires a claim corresponding to the relevant obligation from another person:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 悪意による不法行為に基づく損害賠償の債務
art-509/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-509/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-509/par-1/item-1
an obligation for damages based on a tort committed in bad faith; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 人の生命又は身体の侵害による損害賠償の債務（前号に掲げるものを除く。）
art-509/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-509/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-509/par-1/item-2
an obligation for damages for death or injury to person (excluding the one stated in the preceding item).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百十条（差押禁止債権を受働債権とする相殺の禁止） — (Prohibition of Set-Offs Against Any Claim Exempt from Attachment as Passive Set-Off Claim)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-510 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-510 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-510
**第一項** 債権が差押えを禁じたものであるときは、その債務者は、相殺をもって債権者に対抗することができない。
art-510/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-510/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-510/par-1
If any claim is exempt from seizure the obligor of that claim may not assert the set-off as defense against the obligee of that claim.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百十一条（差押えを受けた債権を受働債権とする相殺の禁止） — (Prohibition of Set-Offs Against Any Claim Attached)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-511 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-511 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-511
**第一項** 差押えを受けた債権の第三債務者は、差押え後に取得した債権による相殺をもって差押債権者に対抗することはできないが、差押え前に取得した債権による相殺をもって対抗することができる。
art-511/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-511/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-511/par-1
A third party obligor of a claim which has been seized may not duly assert sett-off as defense with any claim acquired after the seizure against the attaching obligee, but may duly assert against the same a set-off based using a claim acquired before the seizure.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定にかかわらず、差押え後に取得した債権が差押え前の原因に基づいて生じたものであるときは、その第三債務者は、その債権による相殺をもって差押債権者に対抗することができる。ただし、第三債務者が差押え後に他人の債権を取得したときは、この限りでない。
art-511/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-511/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-511/par-2
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if a claim acquired after the seizure has arisen from a cause that existed before the seizure, the third party obligor may duly assert a set-off based on the claim against the attaching obligee; provided, however, that this does not apply if the third party obligor acquires the claim of another person after the seizure. duly assert against the assignee a set-off based on a claim against the assignor
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百十二条（相殺の充当） — (Appropriation of Set-Off)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-512 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512
**第一項** 債権者が債務者に対して有する一個又は数個の債権と、債権者が債務者に対して負担する一個又は数個の債務について、債権者が相殺の意思表示をした場合において、当事者が別段の合意をしなかったときは、債権者の有する債権とその負担する債務は、相殺に適するようになった時期の順序に従って、その対当額について相殺によって消滅する。
art-512/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512/par-1
If an obligee manifests the intention to effect a set-off using one or more claims held by the obligee against the obligor against one or more obligations borne by the obligee to the obligor, the claims held and the obligations borne by the obligee are extinguished by a set-off at the corresponding amount, in the order of time when they become eligible for set-off, unless otherwise agreed upon by the parties.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合において、相殺をする債権者の有する債権がその負担する債務の全部を消滅させるのに足りないときであって、当事者が別段の合意をしなかったときは、次に掲げるところによる。
art-512/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512/par-2
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the claims held by the obligee that seeks a set-off are insufficient to extinguish all of the obligations borne by the obligee, the following provisions apply, unless otherwise agreed upon by the parties:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 債権者が数個の債務を負担するとき（次号に規定する場合を除く。）は、第四百八十八条第四項第二号から第四号までの規定を準用する。
art-512/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512/par-2/item-1
if the obligee has two or more obligations (excluding the case prescribed in the following item), the provisions of Article 488, paragraph (4), items (ii) through (iv) apply mutatis mutandis; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 債権者が負担する一個又は数個の債務について元本のほか利息及び費用を支払うべきときは、第四百八十九条の規定を準用する。この場合において、同条第二項中「前条」とあるのは、「前条第四項第二号から第四号まで」と読み替えるものとする。
art-512/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512/par-2/item-2
if the obligee is liable to pay interest and expenses in addition to principal with regard to one or more obligations borne by the obligee, the provisions of Article 489 apply mutatis mutandis; in this case, the term "preceding Article" in paragraph (2) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "paragraph (4), items (ii) through (iv) of the preceding Article".
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の場合において、相殺をする債権者の負担する債務がその有する債権の全部を消滅させるのに足りないときは、前項の規定を準用する。
art-512/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512/par-3
In the case referred to in paragraph (1), if the obligations held by the obligee that seeks a set-off are insufficient to extinguish all of the claims held by the obligee, the provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百十二条の二
art-512-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512-2
**第一項** 債権者が債務者に対して有する債権に、一個の債権の弁済として数個の給付をすべきものがある場合における相殺については、前条の規定を準用する。債権者が債務者に対して負担する債務に、一個の債務の弁済として数個の給付をすべきものがある場合における相殺についても、同様とする。
art-512-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512-2/par-1
The provisions of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to a set-off if the claims held by the obligee against the obligor include a claim for which more than one payment or delivery should be made as the performance of a single obligation. The same applies to a set-off if the obligations borne by the obligee to the obligor include an obligation for which more than one payment or delivery should be made as the performance of a single obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三款 更改 — Subsection 3 Novation
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-3
### 第五百十三条（更改） — (Novation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-513 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-513 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-513
**第一項** 当事者が従前の債務に代えて、新たな債務であって次に掲げるものを発生させる契約をしたときは、従前の債務は、更改によって消滅する。
art-513/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-513/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-513/par-1
If the parties conclude a contract which gives rise to a new obligation that falls under any of the following as a replacement of the previous obligation, the previous obligation is extinguished by novation:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 従前の給付の内容について重要な変更をするもの
art-513/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-513/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-513/par-1/item-1
an obligation that makes a material change to the content of the performance of the previous obligation;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 従前の債務者が第三者と交替するもの
art-513/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-513/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-513/par-1/item-2
an obligation for which the previous obligor is substituted by a third party; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 従前の債権者が第三者と交替するもの
art-513/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-513/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-513/par-1/item-3
an obligation for which the previous obligee is substituted by a third party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百十四条（債務者の交替による更改） — (Novation by Substitution of Obligor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-514 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-514 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-514
**第一項** 債務者の交替による更改は、債権者と更改後に債務者となる者との契約によってすることができる。この場合において、更改は、債権者が更改前の債務者に対してその契約をした旨を通知した時に、その効力を生ずる。
art-514/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-514/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-514/par-1
A novation by substitution of obligor may be effected by a contract concluded between the obligee and a person that becomes the obligor after the novation. In such a case, the novation becomes effective when the obligee notifies the obligor before the novation of the conclusion of the contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債務者の交替による更改後の債務者は、更改前の債務者に対して求償権を取得しない。
art-514/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-514/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-514/par-2
The obligor after the novation by substitution of obligor does not acquire a right to reimbursement from the obligor before the novation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百十五条（債権者の交替による更改） — (Novation by Substitution of Obligee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-515 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-515 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-515
**第一項** 債権者の交替による更改は、更改前の債権者、更改後に債権者となる者及び債務者の契約によってすることができる。
art-515/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-515/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-515/par-1
A novation by substitution of obligee may be effected by a contract concluded among the obligee before the novation, a person that becomes the obligee after the novation, and the obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債権者の交替による更改は、確定日付のある証書によってしなければ、第三者に対抗することができない。
art-515/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-515/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-515/par-2
A novation by substitution of obligee may not be duly asserted against a third party unless it is made using an instrument bearing a certified date.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百十六条から第五百十七条まで 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-516-to-517 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-516-to-517 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-516-to-517
**第一項** 削除
art-516-to-517/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-516-to-517/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-516-to-517/par-1
no English for this paragraph
### 第五百十八条（更改後の債務への担保の移転） — (Transfer of Security to Obligation After Novation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-518 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-518 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-518
**第一項** 債権者（債権者の交替による更改にあっては、更改前の債権者）は、更改前の債務の目的の限度において、その債務の担保として設定された質権又は抵当権を更改後の債務に移すことができる。ただし、第三者がこれを設定した場合には、その承諾を得なければならない。
art-518/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-518/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-518/par-1
To the extent of the amount of the obligation before the novation, the obligee (in the case of a novation by substitution of obligee, the obligee before the novation) may transfer the pledge or mortgage created as the security of that obligation to the obligation in effect after the novation; provided, however, that if any third party created that security, the consent of the third party must be obtained.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の質権又は抵当権の移転は、あらかじめ又は同時に更改の相手方（債権者の交替による更改にあっては、債務者）に対してする意思表示によってしなければならない。
art-518/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-518/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-518/par-2
The transfer of the pledge or mortgage referred to in the preceding paragraph must be effected by manifesting the intention to the other party to the novation (in the case of a novation by substitution of obligee, the obligor) in advance or upon the transfer.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四款 免除 — Subsection 4 Release
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-4
### 第五百十九条
art-519 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-519 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-519
**第一項** 債権者が債務者に対して債務を免除する意思を表示したときは、その債権は、消滅する。
art-519/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-519/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-519/par-1
If an obligee manifests the intention to release an obligor from an obligation to that obligor, the obligee's claim is extinguished.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第五款 混同 — Subsection 5 Merger
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-6/subsec-5
### 第五百二十条
art-520 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520
**第一項** 債権及び債務が同一人に帰属したときは、その債権は、消滅する。ただし、その債権が第三者の権利の目的であるときは、この限りでない。
art-520/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520/par-1
If a claim and obligation become vested in the same person, that claim is extinguished; provided, however, that this does not apply if such a claim is the subject of the right of a third party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第七節 有価証券 — Section 7 Negotiable Instruments of Value
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-7
## 第一款 指図証券 — Subsection 1 Negotiable Instruments Payable to Order
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-7/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-7/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-7/subsec-1
### 第五百二十条の二（指図証券の譲渡） — (Assignment of Negotiable Instrument Payable to Order)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-520-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-2
**第一項** 指図証券の譲渡は、その証券に譲渡の裏書をして譲受人に交付しなければ、その効力を生じない。
art-520-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-2/par-1
Assignment of a negotiable instrument payable to order does not become effective unless the instrument is indorsed and delivered to the assignee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十条の三（指図証券の裏書の方式） — (Method of Indorsement of Negotiable Instrument Payable to Order)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-520-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-3
**第一項** 指図証券の譲渡については、その指図証券の性質に応じ、手形法（昭和七年法律第二十号）中裏書の方式に関する規定を準用する。
art-520-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-3/par-1
With regard to assignment of a negotiable instrument payable to order, the provisions concerning the method of indorsement in the Negotiable Instrument Act (Act No. 20 of 1932) apply mutatis mutandis depending on the nature of the negotiable instrument payable to order.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十条の四（指図証券の所持人の権利の推定） — (Presumption of Right of Holder of Negotiable Instrument Payable to Order)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-520-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-4
**第一項** 指図証券の所持人が裏書の連続によりその権利を証明するときは、その所持人は、証券上の権利を適法に有するものと推定する。
art-520-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-4/par-1
If the holder of a negotiable instrument payable to order proves that holder's rights by means of an uninterrupted series of indorsements, the holder is presumed to lawfully hold rights embodied on the instrument.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十条の五（指図証券の善意取得） — (Good Faith Acquisition of Negotiable Instrument Payable to Order)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-520-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-5
**第一項** 何らかの事由により指図証券の占有を失った者がある場合において、その所持人が前条の規定によりその権利を証明するときは、その所持人は、その証券を返還する義務を負わない。ただし、その所持人が悪意又は重大な過失によりその証券を取得したときは、この限りでない。
art-520-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-5/par-1
If a person, for any reason, loses possession of a negotiable instrument payable to order, and the holder of the instrument proves the holder's rights pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, the holder is not obligated to return the instrument; provided, however, that this does not apply if the holder has acquired the instrument in bad faith or due to gross negligence.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十条の六（指図証券の譲渡における債務者の抗弁の制限） — (Limitation on Defense of Obligor in Case of Assignment of Negotiable Instrument Payable to Order)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-520-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-6
**第一項** 指図証券の債務者は、その証券に記載した事項及びその証券の性質から当然に生ずる結果を除き、その証券の譲渡前の債権者に対抗することができた事由をもって善意の譲受人に対抗することができない。
art-520-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-6/par-1
The obligor of a negotiable instrument payable to order may not duly assert against an assignee in good faith any grounds which could have been duly asserted against the obligee before the assignment of the instrument, except for the particulars written on the instrument or any result which necessarily arises from the nature of the instrument.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十条の七（指図証券の質入れ） — (Pledge of Negotiable Instrument Payable to Order)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-520-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-7
**第一項** 第五百二十条の二から前条までの規定は、指図証券を目的とする質権の設定について準用する。
art-520-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-7/par-1
The provisions of Article 520-2 through the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the creation of a pledge on a negotiable instrument payable to order.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十条の八（指図証券の弁済の場所） — (Place of Payment of Negotiable Instrument Payable to Order)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-520-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-8
**第一項** 指図証券の弁済は、債務者の現在の住所においてしなければならない。
art-520-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-8/par-1
Payment of a negotiable instrument payable to order must be made at the current domicile of the obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十条の九（指図証券の提示と履行遅滞） — (Presentation of Negotiable Instrument Payable to Order and Delay in Performance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-520-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-9
**第一項** 指図証券の債務者は、その債務の履行について期限の定めがあるときであっても、その期限が到来した後に所持人がその証券を提示してその履行の請求をした時から遅滞の責任を負う。
art-520-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-9/par-1
Even if a due date is specified for the performance of an obligation of a negotiable instrument payable to order, the obligor of the instrument is responsible for the delay on and after the time the holder of the instrument presents it and requests its performance after the due date has arrived.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十条の十（指図証券の債務者の調査の権利等） — (Right to Examine of Obligor of Negotiable Instrument Payable to Order)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-520-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-10
**第一項** 指図証券の債務者は、その証券の所持人並びにその署名及び押印の真偽を調査する権利を有するが、その義務を負わない。ただし、債務者に悪意又は重大な過失があるときは、その弁済は、無効とする。
art-520-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-10/par-1
The obligor of a negotiable instrument payable to order has the right, but not the duty, to examine the identity of the holder of the instrument and the signature and seal affixed thereon; provided, however, that the payment of the obligation is invalid if the obligor is acting in bad faith or is grossly negligent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十条の十一（指図証券の喪失） — (Forfeiture of Negotiable Instrument Payable to Order)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-520-11 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-11 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-11
**第一項** 指図証券は、非訟事件手続法（平成二十三年法律第五十一号）第百条に規定する公示催告手続によって無効とすることができる。
art-520-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-11/par-1
A negotiable instrument payable to order may be made invalid through the public notification proceedings prescribed in Article 100 of the Non-Contentious Case Procedures Act (Act No. 51 of 2011).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十条の十二（指図証券喪失の場合の権利行使方法） — (Method of Exercising Right in Case of Forfeiture of Negotiable Instrument Payable to Order)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-520-12 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-12 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-12
**第一項** 金銭その他の物又は有価証券の給付を目的とする指図証券の所持人がその指図証券を喪失した場合において、非訟事件手続法第百十四条に規定する公示催告の申立てをしたときは、その債務者に、その債務の目的物を供託させ、又は相当の担保を供してその指図証券の趣旨に従い履行をさせることができる。
art-520-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-12/par-1
If the holder of a negotiable instrument payable to order for the delivery of things such as money or of negotiable instruments of value loses the negotiable instrument payable to order, and files a petition for public notification prescribed in Article 114 of the Non-Contentious Case Procedures Act, the holder may have the obligor deposit the subject matter of the obligation or have the same perform the obligation in line with the purport of the negotiable instrument payable to order by providing reasonable security.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二款 記名式所持人払証券 — Subsection 2 Registered Negotiable Instruments Payable to Holder
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-7/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-7/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-7/subsec-2
### 第五百二十条の十三（記名式所持人払証券の譲渡） — (Assignment of Registered Negotiable Instrument Payable to Holder)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-520-13 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-13 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-13
**第一項** 記名式所持人払証券（債権者を指名する記載がされている証券であって、その所持人に弁済をすべき旨が付記されているものをいう。以下同じ。）の譲渡は、その証券を交付しなければ、その効力を生じない。
art-520-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-13/par-1
Assignment of a registered negotiable instrument payable to holder (meaning a negotiable instrument on which the name of the obligee is written with a supplementary note that payment should be made to its holder; the same applies below) does not become effective unless the instrument is delivered to the assignee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十条の十四（記名式所持人払証券の所持人の権利の推定） — (Presumption of Right of Holder of Registered Negotiable Instrument Payable to Holder)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-520-14 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-14 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-14
**第一項** 記名式所持人払証券の所持人は、証券上の権利を適法に有するものと推定する。
art-520-14/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-14/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-14/par-1
The holder of a registered negotiable instrument payable to holder is presumed to lawfully hold rights embodied on the instrument.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十条の十五（記名式所持人払証券の善意取得） — (Good Faith Acquisition of Registered Negotiable Instrument Payable to Holder)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-520-15 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-15 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-15
**第一項** 何らかの事由により記名式所持人払証券の占有を失った者がある場合において、その所持人が前条の規定によりその権利を証明するときは、その所持人は、その証券を返還する義務を負わない。ただし、その所持人が悪意又は重大な過失によりその証券を取得したときは、この限りでない。
art-520-15/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-15/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-15/par-1
If a person, for any reason, loses possession of a registered negotiable instrument payable to holder, and the holder of the instrument proves that holder's rights pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, the holder is not obligated to return the instrument; provided, however, that this does not apply if the holder has acquired the instrument in bad faith or due to gross negligence.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十条の十六（記名式所持人払証券の譲渡における債務者の抗弁の制限） — (Limitation on Defense of Obligor in Case of Assignment of Registered Negotiable Instrument Payable to Holder)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-520-16 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-16 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-16
**第一項** 記名式所持人払証券の債務者は、その証券に記載した事項及びその証券の性質から当然に生ずる結果を除き、その証券の譲渡前の債権者に対抗することができた事由をもって善意の譲受人に対抗することができない。
art-520-16/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-16/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-16/par-1
The obligor of a registered negotiable instrument payable to holder may not duly assert against an assignee in good faith any grounds which could have been duly asserted against the obligee before the assignment of the instrument, except for the particulars written on the instrument or any result which necessarily arises from the nature of the instrument.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十条の十七（記名式所持人払証券の質入れ） — (Pledge of Registered Negotiable Instrument Payable to Holder)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-520-17 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-17 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-17
**第一項** 第五百二十条の十三から前条までの規定は、記名式所持人払証券を目的とする質権の設定について準用する。
art-520-17/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-17/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-17/par-1
The provisions of Article 520-13 through the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the creation of a pledge on a registered negotiable instrument payable to holder.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十条の十八（指図証券の規定の準用） — (Application Mutatis Mutandis of Provisions on Negotiable Instruments Payable to Order)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-520-18 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-18 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-18
**第一項** 第五百二十条の八から第五百二十条の十二までの規定は、記名式所持人払証券について準用する。
art-520-18/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-18/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-18/par-1
The provisions of Articles 520-8 through 520-12 apply mutatis mutandis to registered negotiable instruments payable to holder.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三款 その他の記名証券 — Subsection 3 Other Registered Negotiable Instruments
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-7/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-7/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-7/subsec-3
### 第五百二十条の十九
art-520-19 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-19 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-19
**第一項** 債権者を指名する記載がされている証券であって指図証券及び記名式所持人払証券以外のものは、債権の譲渡又はこれを目的とする質権の設定に関する方式に従い、かつ、その効力をもってのみ、譲渡し、又は質権の目的とすることができる。
art-520-19/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-19/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-19/par-1
Negotiable instruments on which the name of the obligee is written, other than negotiable instruments payable to order and registered negotiable instruments payable to holder, may be assigned or made the subject of a pledge only in compliance with the formalities concerning the assignment of claims or the creation of a pledge for this purpose, and only with the effect of the assignment or the creation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第五百二十条の十一及び第五百二十条の十二の規定は、前項の証券について準用する。
art-520-19/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-19/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-19/par-2
The provisions of Articles 520-11 and 520-12 apply mutatis mutandis to the negotiable instruments referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四款 無記名証券 — Subsection 4 Bearer Instruments
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-1/sec-7/subsec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-7/subsec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-1/sec-7/subsec-4
### 第五百二十条の二十
art-520-20 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-20 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-20
**第一項** 第二款（記名式所持人払証券）の規定は、無記名証券について準用する。
art-520-20/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-520-20/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-520-20/par-1
The provisions of Subsection 2 (Registered Negotiable Instruments Payable to Holder) apply mutatis mutandis to bearer instruments.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二章 契約 — Chapter II Contracts
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2
## 第一節 総則 — Section 1 General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1
## 第一款 契約の成立 — Subsection 1 Formation of Contracts
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-1
### 第五百二十一条（契約の締結及び内容の自由） — (Freedom of Conclusion and Terms of Contract)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-521 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-521 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-521
**第一項** 何人も、法令に特別の定めがある場合を除き、契約をするかどうかを自由に決定することができる。
art-521/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-521/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-521/par-1
Unless otherwise provided for in laws and regulations, any person may freely decide whether or not to conclude a contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 契約の当事者は、法令の制限内において、契約の内容を自由に決定することができる。
art-521/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-521/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-521/par-2
Parties to a contract may freely decide the contract terms, subject to the restrictions prescribed by laws and regulations.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十二条（契約の成立と方式） — (Formation and Formality of Contract)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-522 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-522 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-522
**第一項** 契約は、契約の内容を示してその締結を申し入れる意思表示（以下「申込み」という。）に対して相手方が承諾をしたときに成立する。
art-522/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-522/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-522/par-1
A contract is formed when a party manifests the intention to offer to conclude a contract (referred to as an "offer" below) showing the contract terms and the other party accepts the offer.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 契約の成立には、法令に特別の定めがある場合を除き、書面の作成その他の方式を具備することを要しない。
art-522/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-522/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-522/par-2
Unless otherwise provided for in laws and regulations, it is not required to satisfy any formalities such as preparation of a written document in order to form a contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十三条（承諾の期間の定めのある申込み） — (Offers That Specify Period for Acceptance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-523 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-523 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-523
**第一項** 承諾の期間を定めてした申込みは、撤回することができない。ただし、申込者が撤回をする権利を留保したときは、この限りでない。
art-523/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-523/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-523/par-1
An offer which specifies a period for acceptance may not be withdrawn; provided, however, that this does not apply if the offeror reserves the right to withdraw.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 申込者が前項の申込みに対して同項の期間内に承諾の通知を受けなかったときは、その申込みは、その効力を失う。
art-523/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-523/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-523/par-2
If an offeror does not receive notice of acceptance of the offer referred to in the preceding paragraph within the period referred to in that paragraph, the offer ceases to be effective.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十四条（遅延した承諾の効力） — (Effect of Delayed Acceptance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-524 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-524 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-524
**第一項** 申込者は、遅延した承諾を新たな申込みとみなすことができる。
art-524/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-524/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-524/par-1
The offeror may deem a delayed acceptance to be a new offer.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十五条（承諾の期間の定めのない申込み） — (Offers That Do Not Specify Period for Acceptance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-525 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-525 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-525
**第一項** 承諾の期間を定めないでした申込みは、申込者が承諾の通知を受けるのに相当な期間を経過するまでは、撤回することができない。ただし、申込者が撤回をする権利を留保したときは、この限りでない。
art-525/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-525/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-525/par-1
An offer made without specifying a period for acceptance may not be withdrawn until the passage of a reasonable period of time for the offeror to receive a notice of acceptance; provided, however, that this does not apply if the offeror reserves the right to withdraw.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 対話者に対してした前項の申込みは、同項の規定にかかわらず、その対話が継続している間は、いつでも撤回することができる。
art-525/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-525/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-525/par-2
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, an offer referred to in that paragraph which has been made to a person with whom the offeror is having a dialogue may be withdrawn at any time while the dialogue continues.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 対話者に対してした第一項の申込みに対して対話が継続している間に申込者が承諾の通知を受けなかったときは、その申込みは、その効力を失う。ただし、申込者が対話の終了後もその申込みが効力を失わない旨を表示したときは、この限りでない。
art-525/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-525/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-525/par-3
If an offeror does not receive from a person with whom the offeror is having a dialogue a notice of acceptance of the offer referred to in paragraph (1) while the dialogue continues, the offer ceases to be effective; provided, however, that this does not apply if the offeror manifests the intention to maintain the effect of the offer after the end of the dialogue.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十六条（申込者の死亡等） — (Death of Offeror)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-526 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-526 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-526
**第一項** 申込者が申込みの通知を発した後に死亡し、意思能力を有しない常況にある者となり、又は行為能力の制限を受けた場合において、申込者がその事実が生じたとすればその申込みは効力を有しない旨の意思を表示していたとき、又はその相手方が承諾の通知を発するまでにその事実が生じたことを知ったときは、その申込みは、その効力を有しない。
art-526/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-526/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-526/par-1
If an offeror dies, comes to be in a constant state wherein the offeror lacks mental capacity, or becomes subject to restrictions on legal capacity to act after issuing notice of the offer, and the offeror has manifested the intention not to make the offer effective should any of these facts occur, or the other party comes to know that any of these facts has occurred before issuing a notice of acceptance, that offer is not effective.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十七条（承諾の通知を必要としない場合における契約の成立時期） — (Time of Formation of Contract When No Notice of Acceptance Is Required)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-527 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-527 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-527
**第一項** 申込者の意思表示又は取引上の慣習により承諾の通知を必要としない場合には、契約は、承諾の意思表示と認めるべき事実があった時に成立する。
art-527/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-527/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-527/par-1
If no notice of acceptance is required due to the offeror's manifestation of intention or customs of the transaction, a contract is formed upon the occurrence of any fact which should be regarded as a manifestation of intention of acceptance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十八条（申込みに変更を加えた承諾） — (Acceptances Modifying Offers)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-528 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-528 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-528
**第一項** 承諾者が、申込みに条件を付し、その他変更を加えてこれを承諾したときは、その申込みの拒絶とともに新たな申込みをしたものとみなす。
art-528/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-528/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-528/par-1
If the offeree has accepted the offer by adding a condition or making other modifications, it is deemed that the offeree has refused the offer and made a new offer.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十九条（懸賞広告） — (Offers of Reward to the Public)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-529 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-529 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-529
**第一項** ある行為をした者に一定の報酬を与える旨を広告した者（以下「懸賞広告者」という。）は、その行為をした者がその広告を知っていたかどうかにかかわらず、その者に対してその報酬を与える義務を負う。
art-529/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-529/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-529/par-1
A person that makes an offer to the public indicating that a person that performs a certain act will be given a certain reward (referred to as an "offer of reward to the public" below) is obligated to give the reward to the person that performs the act, regardless of whether or not the person performing that act knows of the offer.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十九条の二（指定した行為をする期間の定めのある懸賞広告） — (Offers of Reward to the Public Made by Specifying Period for Performance of Requested Act)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-529-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-529-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-529-2
**第一項** 懸賞広告者は、その指定した行為をする期間を定めてした広告を撤回することができない。ただし、その広告において撤回をする権利を留保したときは、この限りでない。
art-529-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-529-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-529-2/par-1
An offeror of reward to the public may not withdraw the offer to the public made by specifying a period during which the requested act should be performed; provided, however, that this does not apply if, in the offer to the public, the offeror reserves the right to withdraw the offer.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の広告は、その期間内に指定した行為を完了する者がないときは、その効力を失う。
art-529-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-529-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-529-2/par-2
The offer to the public referred to in the preceding paragraph ceases to be effective if no person completes the requested act within that period.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百二十九条の三（指定した行為をする期間の定めのない懸賞広告） — (Offers of Reward to the Public Made Without Specifying Period for Performance of Requested Act)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-529-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-529-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-529-3
**第一項** 懸賞広告者は、その指定した行為を完了する者がない間は、その指定した行為をする期間を定めないでした広告を撤回することができる。ただし、その広告中に撤回をしない旨を表示したときは、この限りでない。
art-529-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-529-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-529-3/par-1
An offeror of reward to the public may withdraw the offer to the public made without specifying a period during which the requested act should be performed, if no person completes the requested act; provided, however, that this does not apply if, in the offer to the public, the offeror manifests the intention not to withdraw the offer.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百三十条（懸賞広告の撤回の方法） — (Method of Withdrawal of Offers of Reward to the Public)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-530 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-530 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-530
**第一項** 前の広告と同一の方法による広告の撤回は、これを知らない者に対しても、その効力を有する。
art-530/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-530/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-530/par-1
Withdrawal of an offer to the public by the same method as the one used to make a previous offer to the public is effective in relation to any person that does not know about it.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 広告の撤回は、前の広告と異なる方法によっても、することができる。ただし、その撤回は、これを知った者に対してのみ、その効力を有する。
art-530/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-530/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-530/par-2
Withdrawal of an offer to the public may be carried out by a method that is different from the one used to make a previous offer to the public; provided, however, that the withdrawal is effective only in relation to persons who know about it.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百三十一条（懸賞広告の報酬を受ける権利） — (Right to Receive Rewards Offered to the Public)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-531 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-531 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-531
**第一項** 広告に定めた行為をした者が数人あるときは、最初にその行為をした者のみが報酬を受ける権利を有する。
art-531/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-531/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-531/par-1
If more than one person has performed the act requested in an offer to the public, only the person performing the act first holds the right to receive the reward.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 数人が同時に前項の行為をした場合には、各自が等しい割合で報酬を受ける権利を有する。ただし、報酬がその性質上分割に適しないとき、又は広告において一人のみがこれを受けるものとしたときは、抽選でこれを受ける者を定める。
art-531/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-531/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-531/par-2
If two or more persons have performed the act referred to in the preceding paragraph simultaneously, each holds the right to receive an equal share of the reward; provided, however, that the person to receive the reward is selected by lot if the reward is indivisible by nature or if the offer prescribes that only one person will receive the reward.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定は、広告中にこれと異なる意思を表示したときは、適用しない。
art-531/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-531/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-531/par-3
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply if the offeror manifests an intention to the contrary in the offer to the public.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百三十二条（優等懸賞広告） — (Offer of Reward to Most Outstanding Applicant of the Public)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-532 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-532 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-532
**第一項** 広告に定めた行為をした者が数人ある場合において、その優等者のみに報酬を与えるべきときは、その広告は、応募の期間を定めたときに限り、その効力を有する。
art-532/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-532/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-532/par-1
If an offer to the public stipulates that only the most outstanding applicant is to receive the reward in the event that two or more persons have performed the act requested in that offer, the offer to the public is effective only if it specifies an application period.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合において、応募者中いずれの者の行為が優等であるかは、広告中に定めた者が判定し、広告中に判定をする者を定めなかったときは懸賞広告者が判定する。
art-532/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-532/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-532/par-2
In the cases referred to in the preceding paragraph, the most outstanding applicant is judged by a person specified in the offer to the public and if no such person is specified in the offer, by the person that makes that offer.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 応募者は、前項の判定に対して異議を述べることができない。
art-532/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-532/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-532/par-3
Applicants may not raise objection to the judge's decision under the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前条第二項の規定は、数人の行為が同等と判定された場合について準用する。
art-532/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-532/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-532/par-4
The provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis if the acts of two or more persons are judged to be of the same level.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二款 契約の効力 — Subsection 2 Effect of Contracts
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-2
### 第五百三十三条（同時履行の抗弁） — (Defense of Simultaneous Performance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-533 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-533 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-533
**第一項** 双務契約の当事者の一方は、相手方がその債務の履行（債務の履行に代わる損害賠償の債務の履行を含む。）を提供するまでは、自己の債務の履行を拒むことができる。ただし、相手方の債務が弁済期にないときは、この限りでない。
art-533/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-533/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-533/par-1
A party to a bilateral contract may refuse to perform that party's own obligation until the other party tenders the performance of that other party's obligation (including the performance of an obligation to compensate for damage in lieu of the performance of an obligation); provided, however, that this does not apply if the obligation of the other party is not yet due.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百三十四条から第五百三十五条まで 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-534-to-535 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-534-to-535 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-534-to-535
**第一項** 削除
art-534-to-535/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-534-to-535/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-534-to-535/par-1
no English for this paragraph
### 第五百三十六条（債務者の危険負担等） — (Obligors' Bearing of Risk)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-536 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-536 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-536
**第一項** 当事者双方の責めに帰することができない事由によって債務を履行することができなくなったときは、債権者は、反対給付の履行を拒むことができる。
art-536/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-536/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-536/par-1
If the performance of an obligation becomes impossible due to grounds not attributable to either party, the obligee may refuse to perform counter-performance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債権者の責めに帰すべき事由によって債務を履行することができなくなったときは、債権者は、反対給付の履行を拒むことができない。この場合において、債務者は、自己の債務を免れたことによって利益を得たときは、これを債権者に償還しなければならない。
art-536/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-536/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-536/par-2
If the performance of an obligation becomes impossible due to grounds attributable to the obligee, the obligee may not refuse to complete counter-performance. In such a case, if the obligor benefits from being released from that obligation, the obligor must reimburse the obligee for the benefit.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百三十七条（第三者のためにする契約） — (Third Party Beneficiary Contract)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-537 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-537 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-537
**第一項** 契約により当事者の一方が第三者に対してある給付をすることを約したときは、その第三者は、債務者に対して直接にその給付を請求する権利を有する。
art-537/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-537/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-537/par-1
If one of the parties promises in a contract to render a certain performance to a third party, the third party has the right to claim that performance directly from the obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の契約は、その成立の時に第三者が現に存しない場合又は第三者が特定していない場合であっても、そのためにその効力を妨げられない。
art-537/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-537/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-537/par-2
The validity of the contract referred to in the preceding paragraph is not impaired even if a third party does not exist or a third party is not specified at the time of its formation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の場合において、第三者の権利は、その第三者が債務者に対して同項の契約の利益を享受する意思を表示した時に発生する。
art-537/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-537/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-537/par-3
In the case referred to in paragraph (1), rights of the third party accrue when the third party has manifested intention of availing of the benefit of the contract under that paragraph to the obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百三十八条（第三者の権利の確定） — (Determination of Rights of the Third Party)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-538 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-538 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-538
**第一項** 前条の規定により第三者の権利が発生した後は、当事者は、これを変更し、又は消滅させることができない。
art-538/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-538/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-538/par-1
After rights of the third party have accrued pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, the parties may not modify or extinguish those rights.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前条の規定により第三者の権利が発生した後に、債務者がその第三者に対する債務を履行しない場合には、同条第一項の契約の相手方は、その第三者の承諾を得なければ、契約を解除することができない。
art-538/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-538/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-538/par-2
If, after rights of the third party accrue pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, the obligor does not perform the obligation to the third party, the other party to the contract referred to in paragraph (1) of that Article may not cancel the contract without the consent of the third party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百三十九条（債務者の抗弁） — (Obligors' Defense)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-539 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-539 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-539
**第一項** 債務者は、第五百三十七条第一項の契約に基づく抗弁をもって、その契約の利益を受ける第三者に対抗することができる。
art-539/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-539/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-539/par-1
The obligor may duly assert a defense based on the contract referred to in Article 537, paragraph (1) against a third party that benefits from the contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三款 契約上の地位の移転 — Subsection 3 Transfer of Contractual Status
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-3
### 第五百三十九条の二
art-539-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-539-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-539-2
**第一項** 契約の当事者の一方が第三者との間で契約上の地位を譲渡する旨の合意をした場合において、その契約の相手方がその譲渡を承諾したときは、契約上の地位は、その第三者に移転する。
art-539-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-539-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-539-2/par-1
If one of the parties to a contract made an agreement with a third party to transfer that party's contractual status to that third party, and the other party to the contract gives consent to the transfer, the contractual status is transferred to the third party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四款 契約の解除 — Subsection 4 Cancellation of Contracts
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-4
### 第五百四十条（解除権の行使） — (Exercise of Right to Cancel)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-540 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-540 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-540
**第一項** 契約又は法律の規定により当事者の一方が解除権を有するときは、その解除は、相手方に対する意思表示によってする。
art-540/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-540/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-540/par-1
If one of the parties has the right to cancel pursuant to the provisions of the contract or the law, the cancellation is effected by manifestation of intention to the other party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の意思表示は、撤回することができない。
art-540/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-540/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-540/par-2
The manifestation of intention referred to in the preceding paragraph may not be withdrawn.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百四十一条（催告による解除） — (Cancellation After Demand)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-541 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-541 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-541
**第一項** 当事者の一方がその債務を履行しない場合において、相手方が相当の期間を定めてその履行の催告をし、その期間内に履行がないときは、相手方は、契約の解除をすることができる。ただし、その期間を経過した時における債務の不履行がその契約及び取引上の社会通念に照らして軽微であるときは、この限りでない。
art-541/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-541/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-541/par-1
If one of the parties does not perform that party's obligation, and the other party demands performance of that obligation, specifying a reasonable period of time, but no performance is completed during that period, the other party may cancel the contract; provided, however, that this does not apply if the non-performance of the obligations upon the passage of the period is minor in light of the contract and common sense trading practices.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百四十二条（催告によらない解除） — (Cancellation Without Demand)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-542 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-542 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-542
**第一項** 次に掲げる場合には、債権者は、前条の催告をすることなく、直ちに契約の解除をすることができる。
art-542/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-542/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-542/par-1
In the following cases, the obligee may immediately cancel the contract without making the demand referred to in the preceding Article:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 債務の全部の履行が不能であるとき。
art-542/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-542/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-542/par-1/item-1
if the performance of the whole of the obligation is impossible;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 債務者がその債務の全部の履行を拒絶する意思を明確に表示したとき。
art-542/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-542/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-542/par-1/item-2
if the obligor unequivocally manifests the intention to refuse to perform the obligation in whole;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 債務の一部の履行が不能である場合又は債務者がその債務の一部の履行を拒絶する意思を明確に表示した場合において、残存する部分のみでは契約をした目的を達することができないとき。
art-542/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-542/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-542/par-1/item-3
if the performance of part of the obligation is impossible, or if the obligor clearly manifests the intention to refuse to perform part of the obligation and the purpose of the contract cannot be achieved by the performance of the remaining part of the obligation;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 契約の性質又は当事者の意思表示により、特定の日時又は一定の期間内に履行をしなければ契約をした目的を達することができない場合において、債務者が履行をしないでその時期を経過したとき。
art-542/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-542/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-542/par-1/item-4
if, due to the nature of the contract or a manifestation of intention by the parties, the purpose of the contract cannot be achieved unless the obligation is performed at a specific time on a specific date or within a certain period of time, and the obligor fails to perform the obligation at that time or before that period of time expires; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**五** 前各号に掲げる場合のほか、債務者がその債務の履行をせず、債権者が前条の催告をしても契約をした目的を達するのに足りる履行がされる見込みがないことが明らかであるとき。
art-542/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-542/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-542/par-1/item-5
beyond the cases stated in the preceding items, if the obligor does not perform the obligation and it is obvious that the obligor is unlikely to perform the obligation to the extent necessary to achieve the purpose of the contract even if the obligee makes the demand referred to in the preceding Article.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 次に掲げる場合には、債権者は、前条の催告をすることなく、直ちに契約の一部の解除をすることができる。
art-542/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-542/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-542/par-2
In the following cases, the obligee may immediately cancel a part of the contract without making the demand referred to in the preceding Article:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 債務の一部の履行が不能であるとき。
art-542/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-542/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-542/par-2/item-1
the performance of the part of the obligation is impossible; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 債務者がその債務の一部の履行を拒絶する意思を明確に表示したとき。
art-542/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-542/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-542/par-2/item-2
the obligor clearly manifests the intention to refuse to perform the part of the obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百四十三条（債権者の責めに帰すべき事由による場合） — (Non-Performance Due to Grounds Attributable to Obligee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-543 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-543 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-543
**第一項** 債務の不履行が債権者の責めに帰すべき事由によるものであるときは、債権者は、前二条の規定による契約の解除をすることができない。
art-543/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-543/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-543/par-1
If non-performance of an obligation is due to grounds attributable to the obligee, the obligee may not cancel the contract under the preceding two Articles.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百四十四条（解除権の不可分性） — (Indivisible Nature of Right to Cancel)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-544 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-544 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-544
**第一項** 当事者の一方が数人ある場合には、契約の解除は、その全員から又はその全員に対してのみ、することができる。
art-544/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-544/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-544/par-1
If one party to a contract is comprised of two or more persons, the cancellation of the contract may be effected only by, or against, all of those persons.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合において、解除権が当事者のうちの一人について消滅したときは、他の者についても消滅する。
art-544/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-544/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-544/par-2
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the right to cancel is extinguished with respect to one of the persons that constitute a party to the contract, it is also extinguished with respect to the other persons.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百四十五条（解除の効果） — (Effect of Cancellation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-545 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-545 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-545
**第一項** 当事者の一方がその解除権を行使したときは、各当事者は、その相手方を原状に復させる義務を負う。ただし、第三者の権利を害することはできない。
art-545/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-545/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-545/par-1
If one of the parties exercises the right to cancel, each party assumes an obligation to restore the other party to that other party's original state; provided, however, that this may not prejudice the rights of a third party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項本文の場合において、金銭を返還するときは、その受領の時から利息を付さなければならない。
art-545/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-545/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-545/par-2
In the case referred to in the main clause of the preceding paragraph, if any monies are to be refunded, interest must accrue from the time of the receipt of those monies.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項本文の場合において、金銭以外の物を返還するときは、その受領の時以後に生じた果実をも返還しなければならない。
art-545/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-545/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-545/par-3
In the case referred to in the main clause of paragraph (1), if a thing other than money is to be returned, fruits that have accrued on or after the time of the receipt of the thing must also be returned.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 解除権の行使は、損害賠償の請求を妨げない。
art-545/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-545/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-545/par-4
The exercise of the right to cancel does not preclude claims for damages.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百四十六条（契約の解除と同時履行） — (Cancellation of Contract and Simultaneous Performance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-546 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-546 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-546
**第一項** 第五百三十三条の規定は、前条の場合について準用する。
art-546/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-546/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-546/par-1
The provisions of Article 533 apply mutatis mutandis to the preceding Article.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百四十七条（催告による解除権の消滅） — (Extinguishment of Right to Cancel by Demand)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-547 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-547 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-547
**第一項** 解除権の行使について期間の定めがないときは、相手方は、解除権を有する者に対し、相当の期間を定めて、その期間内に解除をするかどうかを確答すべき旨の催告をすることができる。この場合において、その期間内に解除の通知を受けないときは、解除権は、消滅する。
art-547/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-547/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-547/par-1
If no period of time is specified for the exercise of the right to cancel, the other party may issue a notice of demand to the holder of the right to cancel, specifying a reasonable period of time, to the effect that the holder of the right to cancel is to give a definite answer as to whether the holder will cancel or not within that period of time. In this case, if no notice of cancellation is received within that period, the right to cancel is extinguished.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百四十八条（解除権者の故意による目的物の損傷等による解除権の消滅） — (Extinguishment of Right to Cancel by Damage Caused to Object Intentionally by Holder of Right to Cancel)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-548 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-548 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548
**第一項** 解除権を有する者が故意若しくは過失によって契約の目的物を著しく損傷し、若しくは返還することができなくなったとき、又は加工若しくは改造によってこれを他の種類の物に変えたときは、解除権は、消滅する。ただし、解除権を有する者がその解除権を有することを知らなかったときは、この限りでない。
art-548/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-548/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548/par-1
The right to cancel is extinguished if the holder of the right to cancel, intentionally or negligently, causes significant damage to, or makes it impossible to return the object of the contract, or converts the object into another kind of thing by processing or alteration; provided, however, that this does not apply if the holder of the right to cancel does not know of the holder's right to cancel.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第五款 定型約款 — Subsection 5 Standard Terms and Conditions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-5
### 第五百四十八条の二（定型約款の合意） — (Agreement on Standard Terms and Conditions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-548-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-548-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-2
**第一項** 定型取引（ある特定の者が不特定多数の者を相手方として行う取引であって、その内容の全部又は一部が画一的であることがその双方にとって合理的なものをいう。以下同じ。）を行うことの合意（次条において「定型取引合意」という。）をした者は、次に掲げる場合には、定型約款（定型取引において、契約の内容とすることを目的としてその特定の者により準備された条項の総体をいう。以下同じ。）の個別の条項についても合意をしたものとみなす。
art-548-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-548-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-2/par-1
In the following cases, a person making an agreement to conduct a standard transaction (meaning a transaction conducted by a specified person with an unspecified and large number of persons as the counterparties, in which the uniformity of the whole or part of the transaction is reasonable to both parties; the same applies below) (that agreement is referred to as an "agreement on standard transaction" in the following Article) is deemed to have made an agreement on each provisions of the standard terms and conditions(referring to a collection of provisions prepared by that specific person with the purpose of applying them as contract terms for a standard transaction; the same applies below):
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 定型約款を契約の内容とする旨の合意をしたとき。
art-548-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-548-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-2/par-1/item-1
if the person agrees to apply the standard terms and conditions as the contract terms; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 定型約款を準備した者（以下「定型約款準備者」という。）があらかじめその定型約款を契約の内容とする旨を相手方に表示していたとき。
art-548-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-548-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-2/par-1/item-2
if the person that has prepared the standard terms and conditions (referred to as the "preparer of the standard terms and conditions" below) manifests to the counterparty the intention to apply the standard terms and conditions as the contract terms in advance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定にかかわらず、同項の条項のうち、相手方の権利を制限し、又は相手方の義務を加重する条項であって、その定型取引の態様及びその実情並びに取引上の社会通念に照らして第一条第二項に規定する基本原則に反して相手方の利益を一方的に害すると認められるものについては、合意をしなかったものとみなす。
art-548-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-548-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-2/par-2
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the person is deemed not to have agreed to any provisions referred to in that paragraph that restrict the rights or expand the duties of the counterparty and that are found, in light of the manner and circumstances of the standard transaction as well as common sense trading practices, to unilaterally prejudice the interests of the counterparty in violation of the fundamental principle prescribed in Article 1, paragraph (2).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百四十八条の三（定型約款の内容の表示） — (Disclosure of Details of Standard Terms and Conditions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-548-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-548-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-3
**第一項** 定型取引を行い、又は行おうとする定型約款準備者は、定型取引合意の前又は定型取引合意の後相当の期間内に相手方から請求があった場合には、遅滞なく、相当な方法でその定型約款の内容を示さなければならない。ただし、定型約款準備者が既に相手方に対して定型約款を記載した書面を交付し、又はこれを記録した電磁的記録を提供していたときは、この限りでない。
art-548-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-548-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-3/par-1
A preparer of the standard terms and conditions that conducts or seeks to conduct a standard transaction must disclose the details of the standard terms and conditions by a reasonable method without delay if the counterparty requests this within a reasonable period of time before or after an agreement on standard transaction is made; provided, however, that this does not apply if the preparer has already delivered to the counterparty a document that contains the standard terms and conditions or provided the other party with an electronic or magnetic record that contains the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 定型約款準備者が定型取引合意の前において前項の請求を拒んだときは、前条の規定は、適用しない。ただし、一時的な通信障害が発生した場合その他正当な事由がある場合は、この限りでない。
art-548-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-548-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-3/par-2
The provisions of the preceding Article do not apply if the preparer of the standard terms and conditions refuses the request referred to in the preceding paragraph before an agreement on standard transaction is made; provided, however, that this does not apply if a temporary communication failure takes place or the preparer has a legitimate reason to refuse it.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百四十八条の四（定型約款の変更） — (Amendment to Standard Terms and Conditions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-548-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-548-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-4
**第一項** 定型約款準備者は、次に掲げる場合には、定型約款の変更をすることにより、変更後の定型約款の条項について合意があったものとみなし、個別に相手方と合意をすることなく契約の内容を変更することができる。
art-548-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-548-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-4/par-1
In the following cases, a preparer of the standard terms and conditions may, by amending the standard terms and conditions, amend the contract terms without making separate agreements with each of the counterparties and deem that the parties have agreed to the amended provisions of the standard terms and conditions:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 定型約款の変更が、相手方の一般の利益に適合するとき。
art-548-4/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-548-4/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-4/par-1/item-1
if the amendment to the standard terms and conditions conforms to the general interest of the counterparties; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 定型約款の変更が、契約をした目的に反せず、かつ、変更の必要性、変更後の内容の相当性、この条の規定により定型約款の変更をすることがある旨の定めの有無及びその内容その他の変更に係る事情に照らして合理的なものであるとき。
art-548-4/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-548-4/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-4/par-1/item-2
if the amendment to the standard terms and conditions does not run afoul of the purpose of the contract, and it is reasonable in light of the circumstances concerning the amendment such as the necessity of the amendment, the appropriateness of the details of the amended conditions, and the details of the contract provisions and whether it is specified in the contract that the standard terms and conditions may be subject to an amendment pursuant to the provisions of this Article.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 定型約款準備者は、前項の規定による定型約款の変更をするときは、その効力発生時期を定め、かつ、定型約款を変更する旨及び変更後の定型約款の内容並びにその効力発生時期をインターネットの利用その他の適切な方法により周知しなければならない。
art-548-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-548-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-4/par-2
If a preparer of the standard terms and conditions is to amend the standard terms and conditions under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the preparer must specify the time when the amendment takes effect, and make amendments to the standard terms and conditions, the details of the amended standard terms and conditions, and the time when the amendment takes place known to the public by an appropriate method such as using the internet.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項第二号の規定による定型約款の変更は、前項の効力発生時期が到来するまでに同項の規定による周知をしなければ、その効力を生じない。
art-548-4/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-548-4/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-4/par-3
An amendment to the standard terms and conditions under the provisions of paragraph (1), item (ii) does not become effective unless it is made known to the public pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph by the time when the amendment takes effect referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第五百四十八条の二第二項の規定は、第一項の規定による定型約款の変更については、適用しない。
art-548-4/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-548-4/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-4/par-4
The provisions of Article 548-2, paragraph (2) do not apply to an amendment to the standard terms and conditions under the provisions of paragraph (1).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二節 贈与 — Section 2 Gifts
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-2
### 第五百四十九条（贈与） — (Gifts)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-549 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-549 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-549
**第一項** 贈与は、当事者の一方がある財産を無償で相手方に与える意思を表示し、相手方が受諾をすることによって、その効力を生ずる。
art-549/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-549/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-549/par-1
Gifts become effective by the manifestation of intention by one of the parties to give a certain property to the other party at no cost, and the acceptance of the other party of this.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百五十条（書面によらない贈与の解除） — (Cancellation of Gift Not in Writing)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-550 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-550 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-550
**第一項** 書面によらない贈与は、各当事者が解除をすることができる。ただし、履行の終わった部分については、この限りでない。
art-550/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-550/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-550/par-1
Gifts not in writing may be cancelled by either party; provided, however, that this does not apply to a portion of the gift for which performance has been completed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百五十一条（贈与者の引渡義務等） — (Donor's Obligation to Deliver)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-551 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-551 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-551
**第一項** 贈与者は、贈与の目的である物又は権利を、贈与の目的として特定した時の状態で引き渡し、又は移転することを約したものと推定する。
art-551/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-551/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-551/par-1
The donor is presumed to have promised to deliver or transfer the thing or right that is the subject of the gift, while maintaining its condition on the time when it is specified as the subject of the gift.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 負担付贈与については、贈与者は、その負担の限度において、売主と同じく担保の責任を負う。
art-551/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-551/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-551/par-2
With respect to gifts with burden, the donor provides the same warranty as that of a seller, to the extent of that burden.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百五十二条（定期贈与） — (Periodic Gifts)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-552 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-552 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-552
**第一項** 定期の給付を目的とする贈与は、贈与者又は受贈者の死亡によって、その効力を失う。
art-552/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-552/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-552/par-1
A gift that is to be delivered periodically ceases to be effective on the death of the donor or the donee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百五十三条（負担付贈与） — (Gifts with Burden)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-553 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-553 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-553
**第一項** 負担付贈与については、この節に定めるもののほか、その性質に反しない限り、双務契約に関する規定を準用する。
art-553/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-553/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-553/par-1
With respect to gifts with burden, beyond what is provided for in this Section, the provisions regarding bilateral contracts apply mutatis mutandis, to the extent those provisions are not inconsistent with the nature of gifts with burden.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百五十四条（死因贈与） — (Gifts on Donor's Death)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-554 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-554 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-554
**第一項** 贈与者の死亡によって効力を生ずる贈与については、その性質に反しない限り、遺贈に関する規定を準用する。
art-554/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-554/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-554/par-1
With respect to gifts that become effective on the death of the donor, the provisions regarding bequests apply mutatis mutandis, to the extent they are not inconsistent with the nature of gifts that become effective on the death of the donor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三節 売買 — Section 3 Sale
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-3
## 第一款 総則 — Subsection 1 General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-1
### 第五百五十五条（売買） — (Sale)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-555 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-555 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-555
**第一項** 売買は、当事者の一方がある財産権を相手方に移転することを約し、相手方がこれに対してその代金を支払うことを約することによって、その効力を生ずる。
art-555/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-555/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-555/par-1
A sale becomes effective when one of the parties promises to transfer certain property rights to the other party and the other party promises to pay the price for this.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百五十六条（売買の一方の予約） — (Option Contracts for Purchase and Sales Exercisable by One Party)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-556 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-556 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-556
**第一項** 売買の一方の予約は、相手方が売買を完結する意思を表示した時から、売買の効力を生ずる。
art-556/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-556/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-556/par-1
An option contract for a purchase and sale made by one party becomes effective when the other party manifests the intention to complete the purchase and sale.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の意思表示について期間を定めなかったときは、予約者は、相手方に対し、相当の期間を定めて、その期間内に売買を完結するかどうかを確答すべき旨の催告をすることができる。この場合において、相手方がその期間内に確答をしないときは、売買の一方の予約は、その効力を失う。
art-556/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-556/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-556/par-2
If no period is provided in relation to the manifestation of intention referred to in the preceding paragraph, the party to the option contact may issue a notice of demand to the other party, specifying a reasonable period of time, to the effect that the other party is to give a definite answer as to whether or not that party will complete the sale within that period. In these cases, if the other party fails to give a definite answer within that period, the option contract for a purchase and sale by one party ceases to be effective.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百五十七条（手付） — (Earnest Money)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-557 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-557 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-557
**第一項** 買主が売主に手付を交付したときは、買主はその手付を放棄し、売主はその倍額を現実に提供して、契約の解除をすることができる。ただし、その相手方が契約の履行に着手した後は、この限りでない。
art-557/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-557/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-557/par-1
If the buyer pays earnest money to the seller, the buyer may cancel the contract by waiving the earnest money, or the seller may cancel the contract by actually providing the buyer with twice its amount; provided, however, that this does not apply after the counterparty commences performance of the contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第五百四十五条第四項の規定は、前項の場合には、適用しない。
art-557/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-557/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-557/par-2
The provisions of Article 545, paragraph (4) do not apply to the cases referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百五十八条（売買契約に関する費用） — (Expenses of Contracts for Sale)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-558 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-558 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-558
**第一項** 売買契約に関する費用は、当事者双方が等しい割合で負担する。
art-558/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-558/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-558/par-1
The expenses associated with contracts for sale are borne equally by both parties.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百五十九条（有償契約への準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application to Contracts for Value)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-559 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-559 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-559
**第一項** この節の規定は、売買以外の有償契約について準用する。ただし、その有償契約の性質がこれを許さないときは、この限りでない。
art-559/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-559/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-559/par-1
The provisions of this Section apply mutatis mutandis to contracts for value other than contracts for sale; provided, however, that this does not apply when it is not permitted by the nature of the contract for value.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二款 売買の効力 — Subsection 2 Effect of Sale
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-2
### 第五百六十条（権利移転の対抗要件に係る売主の義務） — (Seller's Obligation for Satisfaction of Requirements for Perfection of Transfer of Rights)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-560 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-560 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-560
**第一項** 売主は、買主に対し、登記、登録その他の売買の目的である権利の移転についての対抗要件を備えさせる義務を負う。
art-560/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-560/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-560/par-1
The seller bears an obligation to enable the buyer to satisfy the requirements for perfection of the transfer of the right that is the subject of the sale, such as completing registration.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百六十一条（他人の権利の売買における売主の義務） — (Seller's Obligation When Purchasing and Selling Rights of Others)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-561 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-561 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-561
**第一項** 他人の権利（権利の一部が他人に属する場合におけるその権利の一部を含む。）を売買の目的としたときは、売主は、その権利を取得して買主に移転する義務を負う。
art-561/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-561/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-561/par-1
If the subject of a sale is another person's right (including a part of a right that belongs to another person), the seller bears an obligation to acquire the right and transfer it to the buyer.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百六十二条（買主の追完請求権） — (Buyer's Right to Demand Completion)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-562 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-562 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-562
**第一項** 引き渡された目的物が種類、品質又は数量に関して契約の内容に適合しないものであるときは、買主は、売主に対し、目的物の修補、代替物の引渡し又は不足分の引渡しによる履行の追完を請求することができる。ただし、売主は、買主に不相当な負担を課するものでないときは、買主が請求した方法と異なる方法による履行の追完をすることができる。
art-562/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-562/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-562/par-1
If the subject matter delivered to the buyer does not conform to the contract terms with respect to the kind, quality or quantity, the buyer may demand that the seller complete the non-conformity of performance by repairing the subject matter, delivering the substitute or delivering the replenishment; provided, however, that the seller may complete the non-conformity of performance by a method that is different from the method demanded by the buyer if it does not impose any undue burden on the buyer.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の不適合が買主の責めに帰すべき事由によるものであるときは、買主は、同項の規定による履行の追完の請求をすることができない。
art-562/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-562/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-562/par-2
If the non-conformity referred to in the preceding paragraph is due to grounds attributable to the buyer, the buyer may not demand that the seller complete the non-conformity of performance under the provisions of that paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百六十三条（買主の代金減額請求権） — (Buyer's Right to Demand Reduction of Price)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-563 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-563 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-563
**第一項** 前条第一項本文に規定する場合において、買主が相当の期間を定めて履行の追完の催告をし、その期間内に履行の追完がないときは、買主は、その不適合の程度に応じて代金の減額を請求することができる。
art-563/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-563/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-563/par-1
In the case prescribed in the main clause of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, if the buyer demands that the seller complete the non-conformity of performance by specifying a reasonable period of time but the non-conformity of performance is not completed within that period, the buyer may request a reduction of the price in proportion to the degree of non-conformity.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定にかかわらず、次に掲げる場合には、買主は、同項の催告をすることなく、直ちに代金の減額を請求することができる。
art-563/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-563/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-563/par-2
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, in the following cases, a buyer in good faith may request a reduction of the price immediately without making demand referred to in that paragraph:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 履行の追完が不能であるとき。
art-563/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-563/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-563/par-2/item-1
if it is impossible to complete the non-conformity of performance;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 売主が履行の追完を拒絶する意思を明確に表示したとき。
art-563/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-563/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-563/par-2/item-2
if the seller unequivocally manifests the intention to refuse to complete the non-conformity of performance;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 契約の性質又は当事者の意思表示により、特定の日時又は一定の期間内に履行をしなければ契約をした目的を達することができない場合において、売主が履行の追完をしないでその時期を経過したとき。
art-563/par-2/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-563/par-2/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-563/par-2/item-3
if, due to the nature of the contract or a manifestation of intention by the parties, the purpose of the contract is unable to be achieved unless the performance is carried out at a specific time on a specific date or within a certain period of time, and the seller fails to complete the non-conformity of the performance at the time or before the period expires; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 前三号に掲げる場合のほか、買主が前項の催告をしても履行の追完を受ける見込みがないことが明らかであるとき。
art-563/par-2/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-563/par-2/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-563/par-2/item-4
beyond the cases stated in the preceding items, it is obvious that the seller is unlikely to complete the non-conformity of the performance even if the buyer makes the demand referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の不適合が買主の責めに帰すべき事由によるものであるときは、買主は、前二項の規定による代金の減額の請求をすることができない。
art-563/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-563/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-563/par-3
If the non-conformity referred to in paragraph (1) is due to grounds attributable to the buyer, the buyer may not request a reduction of the price under the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百六十四条（買主の損害賠償請求及び解除権の行使） — (Claim for Damages and Exercise of Right to Cancel by Buyer)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-564 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-564 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-564
**第一項** 前二条の規定は、第四百十五条の規定による損害賠償の請求並びに第五百四十一条及び第五百四十二条の規定による解除権の行使を妨げない。
art-564/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-564/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-564/par-1
The provisions of the preceding two Articles do not preclude the buyer from claiming damages pursuant to the provisions of Article 415 or exercising the right to cancel pursuant to the provisions of Articles 541 and 542.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百六十五条（移転した権利が契約の内容に適合しない場合における売主の担保責任） — (Seller's Warranty in Case of Non-Conformity of Transferred Right to Contract Terms)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-565 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-565 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-565
**第一項** 前三条の規定は、売主が買主に移転した権利が契約の内容に適合しないものである場合（権利の一部が他人に属する場合においてその権利の一部を移転しないときを含む。）について準用する。
art-565/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-565/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-565/par-1
The provisions of the preceding three Articles apply mutatis mutandis if the right transferred by the seller to the buyer does not conform to the contract terms (including the case in which the seller fails to transfer part of a right that belongs to another person).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百六十六条（目的物の種類又は品質に関する担保責任の期間の制限） — (Limitation on Period of Warranty with Respect to Kind or Quality of Subject Matter)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-566 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-566 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-566
**第一項** 売主が種類又は品質に関して契約の内容に適合しない目的物を買主に引き渡した場合において、買主がその不適合を知った時から一年以内にその旨を売主に通知しないときは、買主は、その不適合を理由として、履行の追完の請求、代金の減額の請求、損害賠償の請求及び契約の解除をすることができない。ただし、売主が引渡しの時にその不適合を知り、又は重大な過失によって知らなかったときは、この限りでない。
art-566/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-566/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-566/par-1
If the subject matter delivered by the seller to the buyer does not conform to the contract terms with respect to the kind or quality, and the buyer fails to notify the seller of the non-conformity within one year from the time when the buyer becomes aware of it, the buyer may not demand completion of the non-conformity of performance, demand a reduction of the price, claim compensation for damage, or cancel the contract, on the grounds of the non-conformity; provided, however, that this does not apply if the seller knew or did not know due to gross negligence the non-conformity at the time of the delivery.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百六十七条（目的物の滅失等についての危険の移転） — (Transfer of Risk for Loss of Subject Matter)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-567 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-567 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-567
**第一項** 売主が買主に目的物（売買の目的として特定したものに限る。以下この条において同じ。）を引き渡した場合において、その引渡しがあった時以後にその目的物が当事者双方の責めに帰することができない事由によって滅失し、又は損傷したときは、買主は、その滅失又は損傷を理由として、履行の追完の請求、代金の減額の請求、損害賠償の請求及び契約の解除をすることができない。この場合において、買主は、代金の支払を拒むことができない。
art-567/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-567/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-567/par-1
If the seller delivers the subject matter (limited to one that has been ascertained as the subject matter of the sale; the same applies in this Article below) to the buyer, and the subject matter is lost or damaged after the time of the delivery due to any grounds not attributable to either party, the buyer may not demand completion of the non-conformity of performance, demand a reduction of the price, claim compensation for damage, or cancel the contract, on the ground of the loss or damage. In such a case, the buyer may not refuse to pay the price.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 売主が契約の内容に適合する目的物をもって、その引渡しの債務の履行を提供したにもかかわらず、買主がその履行を受けることを拒み、又は受けることができない場合において、その履行の提供があった時以後に当事者双方の責めに帰することができない事由によってその目的物が滅失し、又は損傷したときも、前項と同様とする。
art-567/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-567/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-567/par-2
The preceding paragraph also applies if the seller tenders the performance of the obligation of delivery by delivering the subject matter that conforms to the contract terms, but the buyer refuses to accept or is unable to accept the performance, and the subject matter is lost or damaged after the time of the tender of the performance due to any grounds not attributable to either party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百六十八条（競売における担保責任等） — (Warranty in Cases of Auctions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-568 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-568 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-568
**第一項** 民事執行法その他の法律の規定に基づく競売（以下この条において単に「競売」という。）における買受人は、第五百四十一条及び第五百四十二条の規定並びに第五百六十三条（第五百六十五条において準用する場合を含む。）の規定により、債務者に対し、契約の解除をし、又は代金の減額を請求することができる。
art-568/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-568/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-568/par-1
The successful bidder at an auction based on the provisions of the Civil Execution Act and other laws (referred to as an "auction" in this Article below) may cancel the contract or demand a reduction of the price against the obligor pursuant to the provisions of Articles 541 and 542 and the provisions of Article 563 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 565).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合において、債務者が無資力であるときは、買受人は、代金の配当を受けた債権者に対し、その代金の全部又は一部の返還を請求することができる。
art-568/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-568/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-568/par-2
In the cases referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the obligor is insolvent, the successful bidder may demand total or partial reimbursement of the proceeds against the obligees that received the distribution of the proceeds.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の場合において、債務者が物若しくは権利の不存在を知りながら申し出なかったとき、又は債権者がこれを知りながら競売を請求したときは、買受人は、これらの者に対し、損害賠償の請求をすることができる。
art-568/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-568/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-568/par-3
In the cases stated in the preceding two paragraphs, if obligors knew of the absence of the object or right and did not disclose the same, or if obligees knew of the absence but demanded an auction, the successful bidder may claim for damages from those persons.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前三項の規定は、競売の目的物の種類又は品質に関する不適合については、適用しない。
art-568/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-568/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-568/par-4
The provisions of the preceding three paragraphs do not apply to the non-conformity with respect to the kind or quality of the subject matter of an auction.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百六十九条（債権の売主の担保責任） — (Seller's Warranty for Claims)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-569 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-569 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-569
**第一項** 債権の売主が債務者の資力を担保したときは、契約の時における資力を担保したものと推定する。
art-569/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-569/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-569/par-1
If the seller of a claim warrants the solvency of the obligor, it is presumed that the seller warranted the solvency as at the time of the contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 弁済期に至らない債権の売主が債務者の将来の資力を担保したときは、弁済期における資力を担保したものと推定する。
art-569/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-569/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-569/par-2
If the seller of a claim which is not due yet warrants the future solvency of the obligor, it is presumed that the seller warranted the solvency as at the due date.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百七十条（抵当権等がある場合の買主による費用の償還請求） — (Buyer's Demand for Reimbursement of Expenses for Immovables Subject to Mortgage)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-570 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-570 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-570
**第一項** 買い受けた不動産について契約の内容に適合しない先取特権、質権又は抵当権が存していた場合において、買主が費用を支出してその不動産の所有権を保存したときは、買主は、売主に対し、その費用の償還を請求することができる。
art-570/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-570/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-570/par-1
If any statutory lien, pledge or mortgage that does not conform to the contract terms exists on immovables that have been purchased, and the buyer incurs expenses to preserve ownership of the immovables, the buyer may demand the reimbursement of the expenses from the seller.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百七十一条 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-571 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-571 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-571
**第一項** 削除
art-571/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-571/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-571/par-1
Deleted
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百七十二条（担保責任を負わない旨の特約） — (Special Agreement Disclaiming Warranty)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-572 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-572 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-572
**第一項** 売主は、第五百六十二条第一項本文又は第五百六十五条に規定する場合における担保の責任を負わない旨の特約をしたときであっても、知りながら告げなかった事実及び自ら第三者のために設定し又は第三者に譲り渡した権利については、その責任を免れることができない。
art-572/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-572/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-572/par-1
Even if the seller makes a special agreement to the effect that the seller does not warrant in the case prescribed in the main clause of Article 562, paragraph (1) or Article 565, the seller may not be released from that responsibility with respect to any fact that the seller knew but did not disclose, and with respect to any right that the seller personally created for or assigned to a third party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百七十三条（代金の支払期限） — (Due Date for Payment of Price)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-573 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-573 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-573
**第一項** 売買の目的物の引渡しについて期限があるときは、代金の支払についても同一の期限を付したものと推定する。
art-573/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-573/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-573/par-1
If there is a due date for the delivery of the subject matter of the sale, it is presumed that the same due date was also agreed upon for the payment of the price.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百七十四条（代金の支払場所） — (Place of Payment of Price)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-574 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-574 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-574
**第一項** 売買の目的物の引渡しと同時に代金を支払うべきときは、その引渡しの場所において支払わなければならない。
art-574/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-574/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-574/par-1
If the price is to be paid simultaneously with delivery of the subject matter of a sale, payment must be made at the place of delivery.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百七十五条（果実の帰属及び代金の利息の支払） — (Ownership in Fruits and Payment of Interest on Price)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-575 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-575 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-575
**第一項** まだ引き渡されていない売買の目的物が果実を生じたときは、その果実は、売主に帰属する。
art-575/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-575/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-575/par-1
If the subject matter of a sale which has not yet been delivered bears fruits, the fruits vest in the seller.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 買主は、引渡しの日から、代金の利息を支払う義務を負う。ただし、代金の支払について期限があるときは、その期限が到来するまでは、利息を支払うことを要しない。
art-575/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-575/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-575/par-2
The buyer bears the duty to pay interest on the price beginning from the day of delivery; provided, however, that if a due date is provided for the payment of the price, it is not necessary to pay the interest until that due date arrives.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百七十六条（権利を取得することができない等のおそれがある場合の買主による代金の支払の拒絶） — (Buyer's Refusal to Pay Price When There Is a Likelihood That the Buyer Will Be Unable to Acquire Rights)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-576 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-576 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-576
**第一項** 売買の目的について権利を主張する者があることその他の事由により、買主がその買い受けた権利の全部若しくは一部を取得することができず、又は失うおそれがあるときは、買主は、その危険の程度に応じて、代金の全部又は一部の支払を拒むことができる。ただし、売主が相当の担保を供したときは、この限りでない。
art-576/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-576/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-576/par-1
If the buyer is likely to be unable to acquire or likely to lose the rights that the buyer has bought, in whole or in part, due to grounds such as the existence of persons asserting rights to the subject of the sale, the buyer may refuse to pay the price, in whole or in part, in proportion to the degree of that likelihood; provided, however, that this does not apply if the seller has provided reasonable security.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百七十七条（抵当権等の登記がある場合の買主による代金の支払の拒絶） — (Refusal by Buyer to Pay Price in Cases Registration of Mortgage Is Found)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-577 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-577 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-577
**第一項** 買い受けた不動産について契約の内容に適合しない抵当権の登記があるときは、買主は、抵当権消滅請求の手続が終わるまで、その代金の支払を拒むことができる。この場合において、売主は、買主に対し、遅滞なく抵当権消滅請求をすべき旨を請求することができる。
art-577/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-577/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-577/par-1
If a mortgage that does not conform to the contract terms is registered on immovables that have been purchased, the buyer may refuse to pay the price until the completion of the procedures of the claim for extinguishment of the mortgage. In these cases, the seller may demand that the buyer file the claim for extinguishment of the mortgage without delay.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、買い受けた不動産について契約の内容に適合しない先取特権又は質権の登記がある場合について準用する。
art-577/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-577/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-577/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if a statutory lien or pledge that does not conform to the contract terms is registered on the immovables that have been bought.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百七十八条（売主による代金の供託の請求） — (Seller's Demand for Deposit of Proceeds)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-578 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-578 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-578
**第一項** 前二条の場合においては、売主は、買主に対して代金の供託を請求することができる。
art-578/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-578/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-578/par-1
In the cases referred to in the preceding two Articles, the seller may demand that the buyer deposit the proceeds.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三款 買戻し — Subsection 3 Redemption
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-3
### 第五百七十九条（買戻しの特約） — (Special Agreement on Redemption)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-579 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-579 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-579
**第一項** 不動産の売主は、売買契約と同時にした買戻しの特約により、買主が支払った代金（別段の合意をした場合にあっては、その合意により定めた金額。第五百八十三条第一項において同じ。）及び契約の費用を返還して、売買の解除をすることができる。この場合において、当事者が別段の意思を表示しなかったときは、不動産の果実と代金の利息とは相殺したものとみなす。
art-579/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-579/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-579/par-1
The buyer of immovables may cancel the sale by refunding the price (or any amount specified by agreement if otherwise agreed upon; the same applies in Article 583, paragraph (1)) and costs of the contract paid by the buyer in accordance with a special agreement on redemption executed simultaneously with the contract for sale. In such a case, unless a particular intention is manifested by the parties, it is deemed that the fruit of the immovables and the interest on the price have been set off against each other.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百八十条（買戻しの期間） — (Period for Redemption)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-580 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-580 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-580
**第一項** 買戻しの期間は、十年を超えることができない。特約でこれより長い期間を定めたときは、その期間は、十年とする。
art-580/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-580/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-580/par-1
A redemption period may not exceed 10 years. If any special agreement provides for any period longer than this, that period is considered to be 10 years.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 買戻しについて期間を定めたときは、その後にこれを伸長することができない。
art-580/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-580/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-580/par-2
If a period for the redemption is agreed upon, no further extension may be effected subsequently.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 買戻しについて期間を定めなかったときは、五年以内に買戻しをしなければならない。
art-580/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-580/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-580/par-3
If no period for the redemption is agreed upon, the redemption must be effected within five years.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百八十一条（買戻しの特約の対抗力） — (Perfection of Special Agreement on Redemption)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-581 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-581 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-581
**第一項** 売買契約と同時に買戻しの特約を登記したときは、買戻しは、第三者に対抗することができる。
art-581/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-581/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-581/par-1
If the special agreement on redemption is registered simultaneously with the contract for sale, the redemption may be duly asserted against third parties.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の登記がされた後に第六百五条の二第一項に規定する対抗要件を備えた賃借人の権利は、その残存期間中一年を超えない期間に限り、売主に対抗することができる。ただし、売主を害する目的で賃貸借をしたときは、この限りでない。
art-581/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-581/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-581/par-2
The rights of a lessee that satisfies the requirements for perfection prescribed in Article 605-2, paragraph (1) after the registration referred to in the preceding paragraph is completed may be duly asserted against the seller while the lease remains effective, limited to a period not exceeding one year; provided, however, that this does not apply if the lease is entered into with the purpose of harming the seller.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百八十二条（買戻権の代位行使） — (Exercise of Right of Redemption by Subrogation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-582 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-582 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-582
**第一項** 売主の債権者が第四百二十三条の規定により売主に代わって買戻しをしようとするときは、買主は、裁判所において選任した鑑定人の評価に従い、不動産の現在の価額から売主が返還すべき金額を控除した残額に達するまで売主の債務を弁済し、なお残余があるときはこれを売主に返還して、買戻権を消滅させることができる。
art-582/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-582/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-582/par-1
If an obligee of a seller seeks to effect redemption on behalf of the seller pursuant to the provisions of Article 423, the buyer may extinguish the right of redemption by paying the debts of the seller, to the extent of the balance obtained by deducting the amount the seller is to pay from the current value of the immovables as evaluated by a court-appointed appraiser, and, if any positive balance remains, by refunding the same to the seller.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百八十三条（買戻しの実行） — (Implementation of Redemption)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-583 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-583 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-583
**第一項** 売主は、第五百八十条に規定する期間内に代金及び契約の費用を提供しなければ、買戻しをすることができない。
art-583/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-583/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-583/par-1
A seller may not effect redemption unless the seller provides the price and the costs of the contract within the period provided for in Article 580.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 買主又は転得者が不動産について費用を支出したときは、売主は、第百九十六条の規定に従い、その償還をしなければならない。ただし、有益費については、裁判所は、売主の請求により、その償還について相当の期限を許与することができる。
art-583/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-583/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-583/par-2
If a buyer or subsequent acquirer incurs expenses with respect to immovables, the seller must reimburse those expenses in accordance with the provisions of Article 196;provided, however, that with respect to beneficial expenses, the court may, at the seller's request, grant a reasonable period of time for the reimbursement.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百八十四条（共有持分の買戻特約付売買） — (Sale of Co-Ownership Interest with Special Agreements on Redemption)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-584 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-584 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-584
**第一項** 不動産の共有者の一人が買戻しの特約を付してその持分を売却した後に、その不動産の分割又は競売があったときは、売主は、買主が受け、若しくは受けるべき部分又は代金について、買戻しをすることができる。ただし、売主に通知をしないでした分割及び競売は、売主に対抗することができない。
art-584/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-584/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-584/par-1
If one of the co-owners of immovables sells their equity interest with a special agreement on its redemption and the immovables are then divided or auctioned, the seller may redeem with respect to the part or price that the buyer receives or is to receive; provided, however, that any division or auction effected without notice to the seller may not be duly asserted against the seller.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百八十五条
art-585 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-585 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-585
**第一項** 前条の場合において、買主が不動産の競売における買受人となったときは、売主は、競売の代金及び第五百八十三条に規定する費用を支払って買戻しをすることができる。この場合において、売主は、その不動産の全部の所有権を取得する。
art-585/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-585/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-585/par-1
In a case referred to in the preceding Article, if the buyer is the successful bidder at the auction of the immovables, the seller may effect the redemption by paying the auction price and the costs provided for in Article 583. In these cases, the seller acquires full ownership of the immovables.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 他の共有者が分割を請求したことにより買主が競売における買受人となったときは、売主は、その持分のみについて買戻しをすることはできない。
art-585/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-585/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-585/par-2
If a buyer became the successful bidder at an auction as the result of the request for division by another co-owner, the seller may not effect the redemption with respect only to the seller's own interest.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四節 交換 — Section 4 Exchange
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-4
### 第五百八十六条
art-586 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-586 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-586
**第一項** 交換は、当事者が互いに金銭の所有権以外の財産権を移転することを約することによって、その効力を生ずる。
art-586/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-586/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-586/par-1
An exchange becomes effective by the mutual promises by the parties to transfer any property right other than the ownership of money.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 当事者の一方が他の権利とともに金銭の所有権を移転することを約した場合におけるその金銭については、売買の代金に関する規定を準用する。
art-586/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-586/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-586/par-2
If one of the parties to an exchange promises to transfer the ownership of money together with other rights, the provisions for sale contracts apply mutatis mutandis to that money.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第五節 消費貸借 — Section 5 Loans for Consumption
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-5
### 第五百八十七条（消費貸借） — (Loans for Consumption)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-587 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-587 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-587
**第一項** 消費貸借は、当事者の一方が種類、品質及び数量の同じ物をもって返還をすることを約して相手方から金銭その他の物を受け取ることによって、その効力を生ずる。
art-587/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-587/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-587/par-1
A loan for consumption becomes effective when a first party receives money or any other thing from a second party, having promised to return a thing of the same type, quality, and quantity.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百八十七条の二（書面でする消費貸借等） — (Loan for Consumption Made in Writing)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-587-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-587-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-587-2
**第一項** 前条の規定にかかわらず、書面でする消費貸借は、当事者の一方が金銭その他の物を引き渡すことを約し、相手方がその受け取った物と種類、品質及び数量の同じ物をもって返還をすることを約することによって、その効力を生ずる。
art-587-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-587-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-587-2/par-1
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding Article, a loan for consumption made in writing becomes effective when a first party promises to deliver money or any other thing to a second party and the second party promises to return a thing of the same type, quality, and quantity as the thing delivered to the second party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 書面でする消費貸借の借主は、貸主から金銭その他の物を受け取るまで、契約の解除をすることができる。この場合において、貸主は、その契約の解除によって損害を受けたときは、借主に対し、その賠償を請求することができる。
art-587-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-587-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-587-2/par-2
The borrower of a loan for consumption made in writing may cancel the contract until the borrower receives the money or other thing from the lender. In such a case, if the lender sustains any damage from the cancellation of the contract, the lender may claim compensation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 書面でする消費貸借は、借主が貸主から金銭その他の物を受け取る前に当事者の一方が破産手続開始の決定を受けたときは、その効力を失う。
art-587-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-587-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-587-2/par-3
A loan for consumption made in writing ceases to be effective if either of the parties receives an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings before the borrower receives the thing such as money from the lender.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 消費貸借がその内容を記録した電磁的記録によってされたときは、その消費貸借は、書面によってされたものとみなして、前三項の規定を適用する。
art-587-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-587-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-587-2/par-4
If a loan for consumption is made by means of an electronic or magnetic record in which its content is recorded, the loan for consumption is deemed to have been made in writing, and the provisions of the preceding three paragraphs apply thereto.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百八十八条（準消費貸借） — (De Facto Loans for Consumption)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-588 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-588 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-588
**第一項** 金銭その他の物を給付する義務を負う者がある場合において、当事者がその物を消費貸借の目的とすることを約したときは、消費貸借は、これによって成立したものとみなす。
art-588/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-588/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-588/par-1
If any person has an obligation to pay money or deliver other things under any arrangement, and the parties agree to regard the thing as the subject of a loan for consumption, it is deemed that this establishes a loan for consumption.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百八十九条（利息） — (Interest)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-589 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-589 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-589
**第一項** 貸主は、特約がなければ、借主に対して利息を請求することができない。
art-589/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-589/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-589/par-1
In the absence of any special agreement, the lender may not demand interest from the borrower.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の特約があるときは、貸主は、借主が金銭その他の物を受け取った日以後の利息を請求することができる。
art-589/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-589/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-589/par-2
If there is any special agreement referred to in the preceding paragraph, the lender may demand from the borrower interest that accrues from the day on which the borrower receives the thing such as money.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百九十条（貸主の引渡義務等） — (Lender's Obligation to Deliver)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-590 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-590 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-590
**第一項** 第五百五十一条の規定は、前条第一項の特約のない消費貸借について準用する。
art-590/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-590/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-590/par-1
The provisions of Article 551 apply mutatis mutandis to a loan for consumption without a special agreement referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前条第一項の特約の有無にかかわらず、貸主から引き渡された物が種類又は品質に関して契約の内容に適合しないものであるときは、借主は、その物の価額を返還することができる。
art-590/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-590/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-590/par-2
Irrespective of whether there is any special agreement referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, if the thing delivered from the lender does not conform to the contract terms with respect to the kind or quality, the borrower may return the value of the delivered thing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百九十一条（返還の時期） — (Timing of Returns)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-591 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-591 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-591
**第一項** 当事者が返還の時期を定めなかったときは、貸主は、相当の期間を定めて返還の催告をすることができる。
art-591/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-591/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-591/par-1
If the parties do not define the time for return of borrowed things, the lender may demand their return, specifying a reasonable period of time.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 借主は、返還の時期の定めの有無にかかわらず、いつでも返還をすることができる。
art-591/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-591/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-591/par-2
The borrower may return the borrowed thing at any time, irrespective of whether the parties have defined the time of return of the thing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 当事者が返還の時期を定めた場合において、貸主は、借主がその時期の前に返還をしたことによって損害を受けたときは、借主に対し、その賠償を請求することができる。
art-591/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-591/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-591/par-3
If the parties defined the time of return of the borrowed thing, and the lender sustains any damage because the borrower returns the thing before the time of return, the lender may claim compensation from the borrower.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百九十二条（価額の償還） — (Reimbursement of Value)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-592 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-592 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-592
**第一項** 借主が貸主から受け取った物と種類、品質及び数量の同じ物をもって返還をすることができなくなったときは、その時における物の価額を償還しなければならない。ただし、第四百二条第二項に規定する場合は、この限りでない。
art-592/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-592/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-592/par-1
If the borrower has become unable to return things in the same kind, quality and quantity as that of the things the borrower received from the lender, the borrower must reimburse the current value of the things; provided, however, that this does not apply in the cases provided for in Article 402, paragraph (2).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第六節 使用貸借 — Section 6 Loans for Use
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-6
### 第五百九十三条（使用貸借） — (Loans for Use)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-593 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-593 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-593
**第一項** 使用貸借は、当事者の一方がある物を引き渡すことを約し、相手方がその受け取った物について無償で使用及び収益をして契約が終了したときに返還をすることを約することによって、その効力を生ずる。
art-593/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-593/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-593/par-1
A loan for use becomes effective if one of the parties promises to deliver a certain thing, and the other party promises to return the thing when the contract is terminated after the other party uses and makes profit of the borrowed thing at no cost.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百九十三条の二（借用物受取り前の貸主による使用貸借の解除） — (Lender's Right to Cancel Loan for Use Before the Receipt of the Borrowed Thing)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-593-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-593-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-593-2
**第一項** 貸主は、借主が借用物を受け取るまで、契約の解除をすることができる。ただし、書面による使用貸借については、この限りでない。
art-593-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-593-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-593-2/par-1
The lender may cancel the contract up until the borrower receives the borrowed thing; provided, however, that this does not apply to a loan for use made in writing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百九十四条（借主による使用及び収益） — (Borrower's Use and Profit)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-594 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-594 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-594
**第一項** 借主は、契約又はその目的物の性質によって定まった用法に従い、その物の使用及び収益をしなければならない。
art-594/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-594/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-594/par-1
A borrower must make use of and take the profits of the thing in compliance with the method of use specified by the contract or by the nature of the thing which is the subject matter of the contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 借主は、貸主の承諾を得なければ、第三者に借用物の使用又は収益をさせることができない。
art-594/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-594/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-594/par-2
A borrower may not allow third parties to make use of or take the profits of the thing without obtaining the approval of the lender.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 借主が前二項の規定に違反して使用又は収益をしたときは、貸主は、契約の解除をすることができる。
art-594/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-594/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-594/par-3
If a borrower has made use of or taken the profits of the thing in violation of the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, the lender may cancel the contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百九十五条（借用物の費用の負担） — (Responsibility for Costs of Borrowed Things)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-595 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-595 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-595
**第一項** 借主は、借用物の通常の必要費を負担する。
art-595/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-595/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-595/par-1
The borrower bears the ordinarily necessary expenses of borrowed things.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第五百八十三条第二項の規定は、前項の通常の必要費以外の費用について準用する。
art-595/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-595/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-595/par-2
The provisions of Article 583, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to costs other than the ordinarily necessary expenses referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百九十六条（貸主の引渡義務等） — (Lender's Obligation to Deliver)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-596 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-596 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-596
**第一項** 第五百五十一条の規定は、使用貸借について準用する。
art-596/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-596/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-596/par-1
The provisions of Article 551 apply mutatis mutandis to loans for use.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百九十七条（期間満了等による使用貸借の終了） — (Termination of Loan for Use upon Expiration of Period of Loan)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-597 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-597 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-597
**第一項** 当事者が使用貸借の期間を定めたときは、使用貸借は、その期間が満了することによって終了する。
art-597/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-597/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-597/par-1
If the parties specify a period of a loan for use, the loan for use is terminated upon the expiration of the period.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 当事者が使用貸借の期間を定めなかった場合において、使用及び収益の目的を定めたときは、使用貸借は、借主がその目的に従い使用及び収益を終えることによって終了する。
art-597/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-597/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-597/par-2
If the parties do not specify a period of a loan for use, but they specify the purpose of using and making profit from the borrowed thing, the loan for use is terminated when the borrower finishes using and making profit from the thing in line with the purpose.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 使用貸借は、借主の死亡によって終了する。
art-597/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-597/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-597/par-3
A loan for use is terminated upon the death of the borrower.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百九十八条（使用貸借の解除） — (Cancellation of Loan for Use)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-598 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-598 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-598
**第一項** 貸主は、前条第二項に規定する場合において、同項の目的に従い借主が使用及び収益をするのに足りる期間を経過したときは、契約の解除をすることができる。
art-598/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-598/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-598/par-1
In the case prescribed in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, upon the passage of a period that is sufficient for the borrower to use and make profit from the borrowed thing in line with the purpose referred to in that paragraph, the lender may cancel the contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 当事者が使用貸借の期間並びに使用及び収益の目的を定めなかったときは、貸主は、いつでも契約の解除をすることができる。
art-598/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-598/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-598/par-2
If the parties do not specify a period of a loan for use or a purpose of using and making profit from the borrowed thing, the lender may cancel the contract at any time.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 借主は、いつでも契約の解除をすることができる。
art-598/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-598/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-598/par-3
The borrower may cancel the contract at any time.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五百九十九条（借主による収去等） — (Removal by Borrower)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-599 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-599 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-599
**第一項** 借主は、借用物を受け取った後にこれに附属させた物がある場合において、使用貸借が終了したときは、その附属させた物を収去する義務を負う。ただし、借用物から分離することができない物又は分離するのに過分の費用を要する物については、この限りでない。
art-599/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-599/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-599/par-1
If the borrower attaches anything to the borrowed thing after receiving it, the borrower has an obligation to remove the attached thing when the loan for use is terminated; provided, however, that this does not apply to anything that is unable to be detached from the borrowed thing or that requires excessive expenses for the detachment.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 借主は、借用物を受け取った後にこれに附属させた物を収去することができる。
art-599/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-599/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-599/par-2
The borrower may remove anything that the borrower has attached to the borrowed thing after receiving it.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 借主は、借用物を受け取った後にこれに生じた損傷がある場合において、使用貸借が終了したときは、その損傷を原状に復する義務を負う。ただし、その損傷が借主の責めに帰することができない事由によるものであるときは、この限りでない。
art-599/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-599/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-599/par-3
If any damage is caused to the borrowed thing after the borrower receives it, the borrower has an obligation to restore the damaged thing when the loan for use is terminated; provided, however, that this does not apply if the damage is caused due to any grounds not attributable to the borrower.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百条（損害賠償及び費用の償還の請求権についての期間の制限） — (Restriction on Period to Claim Damages and Reimbursement of Costs)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-600 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-600 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-600
**第一項** 契約の本旨に反する使用又は収益によって生じた損害の賠償及び借主が支出した費用の償還は、貸主が返還を受けた時から一年以内に請求しなければならない。
art-600/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-600/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-600/par-1
Claims for compensation for damage resulting from using or taking profits of the thing inconsistent with the main purpose of the contract and for the reimbursement of expenditures incurred by the borrower must be submitted within one year from the time when the lender receives the return of the borrowed things.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の損害賠償の請求権については、貸主が返還を受けた時から一年を経過するまでの間は、時効は、完成しない。
art-600/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-600/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-600/par-2
With regard to the claim for damages referred to in the preceding paragraph, the prescription period does not expire until one year has passed from the time when the lender receives the return of the borrowed thing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第七節 賃貸借 — Section 7 Leases
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-7
## 第一款 総則 — Subsection 1 General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-1
### 第六百一条（賃貸借） — (Leases)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-601 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-601 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-601
**第一項** 賃貸借は、当事者の一方がある物の使用及び収益を相手方にさせることを約し、相手方がこれに対してその賃料を支払うこと及び引渡しを受けた物を契約が終了したときに返還することを約することによって、その効力を生ずる。
art-601/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-601/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-601/par-1
A lease becomes effective if one of the parties promises to make a certain thing available for the other party to use and make profit, and the other party promises to pay rent for the leased thing and return the delivered thing when the contract is terminated.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百二条（短期賃貸借） — (Short-Term Leases)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-602 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-602 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-602
**第一項** 処分の権限を有しない者が賃貸借をする場合には、次の各号に掲げる賃貸借は、それぞれ当該各号に定める期間を超えることができない。契約でこれより長い期間を定めたときであっても、その期間は、当該各号に定める期間とする。
art-602/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-602/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-602/par-1
If a person with no authority of disposition makes a lease contract, the leases stated in the following items must not exceed the terms specified in those items; any longer term specified by a contract is reduced to the term specified in the relevant item:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 樹木の栽植又は伐採を目的とする山林の賃貸借 十年
art-602/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-602/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-602/par-1/item-1
leases of forest for the purpose of planting or felling trees:10 years;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 前号に掲げる賃貸借以外の土地の賃貸借 五年
art-602/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-602/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-602/par-1/item-2
leases of land other than the leases stated in the preceding item:five years;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 建物の賃貸借 三年
art-602/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-602/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-602/par-1/item-3
lease of a building:three years; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 動産の賃貸借 六箇月
art-602/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-602/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-602/par-1/item-4
lease of movables:six months.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百三条（短期賃貸借の更新） — (Renewal of Short-Term Leases)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-603 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-603 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-603
**第一項** 前条に定める期間は、更新することができる。ただし、その期間満了前、土地については一年以内、建物については三箇月以内、動産については一箇月以内に、その更新をしなければならない。
art-603/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-603/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-603/par-1
The terms prescribed in the preceding Article may be renewed; provided, however, that the renewal must be carried out within one year before the expiration of the term for land, and within three months before the expiration of the term for a building, and within one month before the expiration of the term for movables.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百四条（賃貸借の存続期間） — (Duration of Lease)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-604 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-604 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-604
**第一項** 賃貸借の存続期間は、五十年を超えることができない。契約でこれより長い期間を定めたときであっても、その期間は、五十年とする。
art-604/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-604/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-604/par-1
The duration of a lease may not exceed 50 years. Even if the contract prescribes a longer term, that term is considered to be 50 years.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 賃貸借の存続期間は、更新することができる。ただし、その期間は、更新の時から五十年を超えることができない。
art-604/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-604/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-604/par-2
The duration of a lease may be renewed; provided, however, that the term may not exceed 50 years from the time of the renewal.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二款 賃貸借の効力 — Subsection 2 Effect of Lease
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-2
### 第六百五条（不動産賃貸借の対抗力） — (Perfection of Lease of Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-605 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-605 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605
**第一項** 不動産の賃貸借は、これを登記したときは、その不動産について物権を取得した者その他の第三者に対抗することができる。
art-605/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-605/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605/par-1
A lease of immovables, when registered, may be duly asserted against a third party such as a person that subsequently acquires real rights with respect to the immovables.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百五条の二（不動産の賃貸人たる地位の移転） — (Transfer of Status of Lessor of Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-605-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-605-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-2
**第一項** 前条、借地借家法（平成三年法律第九十号）第十条又は第三十一条その他の法令の規定による賃貸借の対抗要件を備えた場合において、その不動産が譲渡されたときは、その不動産の賃貸人たる地位は、その譲受人に移転する。
art-605-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-605-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-2/par-1
If a lease is perfected in accordance with the laws and regulations including the preceding Article, and Articles 10 and 31 of the Act on Land and Building Leases (Act No. 90 of 1991), and the relevant immovables are assigned, the status of the lessor of the immovables is transferred to its assignee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定にかかわらず、不動産の譲渡人及び譲受人が、賃貸人たる地位を譲渡人に留保する旨及びその不動産を譲受人が譲渡人に賃貸する旨の合意をしたときは、賃貸人たる地位は、譲受人に移転しない。この場合において、譲渡人と譲受人又はその承継人との間の賃貸借が終了したときは、譲渡人に留保されていた賃貸人たる地位は、譲受人又はその承継人に移転する。
art-605-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-605-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-2/par-2
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if the assignor and the assignee of immovables agree that the assignor reserves the status of lessor and that the assignee leases the immovables to the assignor, the status of lessor is not transferred to the assignee. In such a case, if a lease between the assignor and the assignee or any successor of the assignee is terminated, the status of lessor that the assignor has reserved is transferred to the assignee or any successor of the assignee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項又は前項後段の規定による賃貸人たる地位の移転は、賃貸物である不動産について所有権の移転の登記をしなければ、賃借人に対抗することができない。
art-605-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-605-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-2/par-3
The status of lessor under the provisions of paragraph (1) or the second sentence of the preceding paragraph may not be duly asserted against the lessee unless the transfer of ownership for the immovables under lease is registered.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第一項又は第二項後段の規定により賃貸人たる地位が譲受人又はその承継人に移転したときは、第六百八条の規定による費用の償還に係る債務及び第六百二十二条の二第一項の規定による同項に規定する敷金の返還に係る債務は、譲受人又はその承継人が承継する。
art-605-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-605-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-2/par-4
If the status of lessor is transferred to the assignee or any successor of the assignee pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) or the second sentence of paragraph (2), the assignee or any successor of the assignee succeeds to the obligation to reimburse expenses under the provisions of Article 608 and the obligation to refund the security deposit prescribed in Article 622-2, paragraph (1) under the provisions of that paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百五条の三（合意による不動産の賃貸人たる地位の移転） — (Transfer of Status of Lessor of Immovables by Agreement)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-605-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-605-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-3
**第一項** 不動産の譲渡人が賃貸人であるときは、その賃貸人たる地位は、賃借人の承諾を要しないで、譲渡人と譲受人との合意により、譲受人に移転させることができる。この場合においては、前条第三項及び第四項の規定を準用する。
art-605-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-605-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-3/par-1
If the assignor of immovables is the lessor, the status of lessor may be transferred to the assignee by agreement between the assignor and the assignee, without the consent of the lessee. In such a case, the provisions of paragraphs (3) and (4) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百五条の四（不動産の賃借人による妨害の停止の請求等） — (Demand by Lessee of Immovables for Discontinuation of Disturbance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-605-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-605-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-4
**第一項** 不動産の賃借人は、第六百五条の二第一項に規定する対抗要件を備えた場合において、次の各号に掲げるときは、それぞれ当該各号に定める請求をすることができる。
art-605-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-605-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-4/par-1
If the lessee of immovables satisfies the requirements for perfection prescribed in Article 605-2, paragraph (1), the lessee may seek as specified in each of the following items in the cases stated in the respective items:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** その不動産の占有を第三者が妨害しているとき その第三者に対する妨害の停止の請求
art-605-4/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-605-4/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-4/par-1/item-1
a third party disturbs the lessee's possession of the immovables:demanding that the third party discontinue disturbance; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** その不動産を第三者が占有しているとき その第三者に対する返還の請求
art-605-4/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-605-4/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-4/par-1/item-2
a third party is in possession of the immovables:demanding that the third party return it.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百六条（賃貸人による修繕等） — (Repairs by Lessor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-606 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-606 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-606
**第一項** 賃貸人は、賃貸物の使用及び収益に必要な修繕をする義務を負う。ただし、賃借人の責めに帰すべき事由によってその修繕が必要となったときは、この限りでない。
art-606/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-606/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-606/par-1
A lessor assumes an obligation to effect repairs necessary for using and making profit of the leased thing; provided, however, that this does not apply if repairs are necessary due to any grounds attributable to the lessee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 賃貸人が賃貸物の保存に必要な行為をしようとするときは、賃借人は、これを拒むことができない。
art-606/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-606/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-606/par-2
A lessee may not refuse if the lessor seeks to engage in an act that is necessary for the preservation of the leased thing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百七条（賃借人の意思に反する保存行為） — (Act of Preservation Against the Intention of the Lessee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-607 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-607 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-607
**第一項** 賃貸人が賃借人の意思に反して保存行為をしようとする場合において、そのために賃借人が賃借をした目的を達することができなくなるときは、賃借人は、契約の解除をすることができる。
art-607/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-607/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-607/par-1
If a lessor seeks to engage in an act of preservation against the intention of the lessee and the lessee cannot achieve the purpose of the lease as a result of this, the lessee may cancel the contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百七条の二（賃借人による修繕） — (Repairs by Lessee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-607-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-607-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-607-2
**第一項** 賃借物の修繕が必要である場合において、次に掲げるときは、賃借人は、その修繕をすることができる。
art-607-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-607-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-607-2/par-1
If repairs are necessary for the leased thing, the lessee may make repairs in the following cases:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 賃借人が賃貸人に修繕が必要である旨を通知し、又は賃貸人がその旨を知ったにもかかわらず、賃貸人が相当の期間内に必要な修繕をしないとき。
art-607-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-607-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-607-2/par-1/item-1
the lessee notifies the lessor of the necessity of repairs or the lessor becomes aware of the necessity of repairs, but the lessor does not make the necessary repairs within a reasonable period of time; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 急迫の事情があるとき。
art-607-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-607-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-607-2/par-1/item-2
there are pressing circumstances.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百八条（賃借人による費用の償還請求） — (Lessee's Demand for Reimbursement of Costs)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-608 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-608 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-608
**第一項** 賃借人は、賃借物について賃貸人の負担に属する必要費を支出したときは、賃貸人に対し、直ちにその償還を請求することができる。
art-608/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-608/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-608/par-1
If a lessee has defrayed necessary expenses with respect to the leased thing which ought to be borne by the lessor, the lessee may immediately demand the reimbursement of the same from the lessor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 賃借人が賃借物について有益費を支出したときは、賃貸人は、賃貸借の終了の時に、第百九十六条第二項の規定に従い、その償還をしなければならない。ただし、裁判所は、賃貸人の請求により、その償還について相当の期限を許与することができる。
art-608/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-608/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-608/par-2
If the lessee has incurred beneficial expenses with respect to the leased thing, the lessor must reimburse those expenses on termination of the lease in compliance with the provisions of Article 196, paragraph (2); provided, however, that the court may, at the lessor's request, grant a reasonable period of time for the reimbursement of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百九条（減収による賃料の減額請求） — (Demand for Reduction of Rent Due to Decrease in Profits)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-609 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-609 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-609
**第一項** 耕作又は牧畜を目的とする土地の賃借人は、不可抗力によって賃料より少ない収益を得たときは、その収益の額に至るまで、賃料の減額を請求することができる。
art-609/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-609/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-609/par-1
If a lessee of land that is meant for cultivation or livestock farming obtains profits less than the rent due to force majeure, the lessee may demand that the amount of the rent be reduced to the level of the amount of the profits.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百十条（減収による解除） — (Cancellation Due to Decrease in Profits)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-610 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-610 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-610
**第一項** 前条の場合において、同条の賃借人は、不可抗力によって引き続き二年以上賃料より少ない収益を得たときは、契約の解除をすることができる。
art-610/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-610/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-610/par-1
In the cases referred to in the preceding Article, the lessee referred to in that Article may cancel the contract if the lessee has made profits less than the rent for at least two consecutive years due to force majeure.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百十一条（賃借物の一部滅失等による賃料の減額等） — (Reduction of Rent Due to Partial Loss of a Leased Thing)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-611 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-611 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-611
**第一項** 賃借物の一部が滅失その他の事由により使用及び収益をすることができなくなった場合において、それが賃借人の責めに帰することができない事由によるものであるときは、賃料は、その使用及び収益をすることができなくなった部分の割合に応じて、減額される。
art-611/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-611/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-611/par-1
If it comes to no longer be possible to use or profit from part of a leased thing due to grounds such as loss and this is caused by grounds not attributable to the lessee, the rent is reduced in proportion to the value of the part that can no longer be used or profited from.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 賃借物の一部が滅失その他の事由により使用及び収益をすることができなくなった場合において、残存する部分のみでは賃借人が賃借をした目的を達することができないときは、賃借人は、契約の解除をすることができる。
art-611/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-611/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-611/par-2
If it comes to no longer be possible to use or profit from part of a leased thing due to grounds such as loss and the lessee is unable to achieve the purpose of the lease with the remaining part alone, the lessee may cancel the contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百十二条（賃借権の譲渡及び転貸の制限） — (Restrictions on Assignment of Lease and Subleasing)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-612 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-612 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-612
**第一項** 賃借人は、賃貸人の承諾を得なければ、その賃借権を譲り渡し、又は賃借物を転貸することができない。
art-612/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-612/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-612/par-1
A lessee may not assign the lease or sublease a leased thing without obtaining the approval of the lessor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 賃借人が前項の規定に違反して第三者に賃借物の使用又は収益をさせたときは、賃貸人は、契約の解除をすることができる。
art-612/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-612/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-612/par-2
If the lessee allows any third party to make use of or take the profits of a leased thing in violation of the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the lessor may cancel the contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百十三条（転貸の効果） — (Effect of Subleases)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-613 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-613 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-613
**第一項** 賃借人が適法に賃借物を転貸したときは、転借人は、賃貸人と賃借人との間の賃貸借に基づく賃借人の債務の範囲を限度として、賃貸人に対して転貸借に基づく債務を直接履行する義務を負う。この場合においては、賃料の前払をもって賃貸人に対抗することができない。
art-613/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-613/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-613/par-1
If a lessee lawfully subleases a leased thing, the sublessee is liable to perform an obligation based on the sublease directly to the lessor, to the extent of the scope of the lessee's obligation based on the lease between the lessor and the lessee. In such a case, advance payment of rent may not be duly asserted against the lessor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、賃貸人が賃借人に対してその権利を行使することを妨げない。
art-613/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-613/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-613/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not preclude the lessor from exercising rights against the lessee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 賃借人が適法に賃借物を転貸した場合には、賃貸人は、賃借人との間の賃貸借を合意により解除したことをもって転借人に対抗することができない。ただし、その解除の当時、賃貸人が賃借人の債務不履行による解除権を有していたときは、この限りでない。
art-613/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-613/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-613/par-3
If the lessee lawfully subleases a leased thing, the lessor may not duly assert against the sublessee the cancellation by agreement of the lease with the lessee; provided, however, that this does not apply if, at the time of the cancellation, the lessor has a right to cancel due to non-performance on the part of the lessee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百十四条（賃料の支払時期） — (Timing of Payment of Rent)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-614 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-614 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-614
**第一項** 賃料は、動産、建物及び宅地については毎月末に、その他の土地については毎年末に、支払わなければならない。ただし、収穫の季節があるものについては、その季節の後に遅滞なく支払わなければならない。
art-614/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-614/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-614/par-1
Rent must be paid at the end of the month with respect to movables, buildings and land for residential purpose, and at the end of the year with respect to other land; provided, however, that with respect to anything with a harvest season, the rent must be paid without delay after that season.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百十五条（賃借人の通知義務） — (Obligation of Lessee to Give Notice)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-615 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-615 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-615
**第一項** 賃借物が修繕を要し、又は賃借物について権利を主張する者があるときは、賃借人は、遅滞なくその旨を賃貸人に通知しなければならない。ただし、賃貸人が既にこれを知っているときは、この限りでない。
art-615/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-615/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-615/par-1
If a leased thing requires any repair or if a person asserts a right with respect to a leased thing, the lessee must notify the lessor without delay; provided, however, that this does not apply if it is already known to the lessor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百十六条（賃借人による使用及び収益） — (Use and Making of Profit by Lessee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-616 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-616 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-616
**第一項** 第五百九十四条第一項の規定は、賃貸借について準用する。
art-616/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-616/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-616/par-1
The provisions of Article 594, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis to leases.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三款 賃貸借の終了 — Subsection 3 Termination of Leases
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-3
### 第六百十六条の二（賃借物の全部滅失等による賃貸借の終了） — (Termination of Lease Due to Loss of the Whole of a Leased Thing)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-616-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-616-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-616-2
**第一項** 賃借物の全部が滅失その他の事由により使用及び収益をすることができなくなった場合には、賃貸借は、これによって終了する。
art-616-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-616-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-616-2/par-1
If it comes to no longer be possible to use or profit from the whole of a leased thing due to grounds such as loss, the lease is terminated thereby.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百十七条（期間の定めのない賃貸借の解約の申入れ） — (Notice of Termination of Leases with Indefinite Terms)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-617 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-617 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-617
**第一項** 当事者が賃貸借の期間を定めなかったときは、各当事者は、いつでも解約の申入れをすることができる。この場合においては、次の各号に掲げる賃貸借は、解約の申入れの日からそれぞれ当該各号に定める期間を経過することによって終了する。
art-617/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-617/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-617/par-1
If the parties do not specify the term of a lease, either party may give a notice of termination at any time. In these cases, a lease as stated in one of the following items terminates when the term prescribed in that item has passed after the day of the notice of termination:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 土地の賃貸借 一年
art-617/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-617/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-617/par-1/item-1
leases of land:one year;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 建物の賃貸借 三箇月
art-617/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-617/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-617/par-1/item-2
leases of buildings:three months; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 動産及び貸席の賃貸借 一日
art-617/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-617/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-617/par-1/item-3
leases of movables and party rooms:one day.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 収穫の季節がある土地の賃貸借については、その季節の後次の耕作に着手する前に、解約の申入れをしなければならない。
art-617/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-617/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-617/par-2
With respect to leases of land with harvest seasons, the notice of termination must be given after the end of that season and before the next start of cultivation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百十八条（期間の定めのある賃貸借の解約をする権利の留保） — (Reservation of Rights to Terminate Leases with Definite Terms)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-618 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-618 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-618
**第一項** 当事者が賃貸借の期間を定めた場合であっても、その一方又は双方がその期間内に解約をする権利を留保したときは、前条の規定を準用する。
art-618/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-618/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-618/par-1
Even if the parties specify the term of a lease, the provisions of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis if one party reserves, or both parties reserve, the right to terminate during that period.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百十九条（賃貸借の更新の推定等） — (Presumption of Renewal of Leases)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-619 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-619 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-619
**第一項** 賃貸借の期間が満了した後賃借人が賃借物の使用又は収益を継続する場合において、賃貸人がこれを知りながら異議を述べないときは、従前の賃貸借と同一の条件で更に賃貸借をしたものと推定する。この場合において、各当事者は、第六百十七条の規定により解約の申入れをすることができる。
art-619/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-619/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-619/par-1
If a lessee continues to make use or take the profits of the thing after the expiration of the term of the lease and a lessor that knows of the same raises no objection, it is presumed that a further lease is entered into under conditions identical to those of the previous lease. In these cases, each party may give a notice of termination pursuant to the provisions of Article 617.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 従前の賃貸借について当事者が担保を供していたときは、その担保は、期間の満了によって消滅する。ただし、第六百二十二条の二第一項に規定する敷金については、この限りでない。
art-619/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-619/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-619/par-2
If one of the parties has provided security for the previous lease, the security is extinguished upon expiration of the term; provided, however, that this does not apply to a security deposit prescribed in Article 622-2, paragraph (1).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百二十条（賃貸借の解除の効力） — (Effect of Cancellations of Leases)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-620 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-620 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-620
**第一項** 賃貸借の解除をした場合には、その解除は、将来に向かってのみその効力を生ずる。この場合においては、損害賠償の請求を妨げない。
art-620/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-620/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-620/par-1
If a lease is cancelled, the cancellation becomes effective solely toward the future. In such a case, the cancellation does not preclude a claim for compensation for damage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百二十一条（賃借人の原状回復義務） — (Lessee's Obligation of Restoration)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-621 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-621 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-621
**第一項** 賃借人は、賃借物を受け取った後にこれに生じた損傷（通常の使用及び収益によって生じた賃借物の損耗並びに賃借物の経年変化を除く。以下この条において同じ。）がある場合において、賃貸借が終了したときは、その損傷を原状に復する義務を負う。ただし、その損傷が賃借人の責めに帰することができない事由によるものであるときは、この限りでない。
art-621/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-621/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-621/par-1
If any damage is caused to the leased thing after the lessee receives it (excluding any wear of the leased thing caused by the ordinary manner of using and making profit from it and any aging degradation of the leased thing; the same applies in this Article below), the lessee has an obligation to restore the damaged thing when the lease is terminated; provided, however, that this does not apply if the damage is caused due to any grounds not attributable to the lessee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百二十二条（使用貸借の規定の準用） — (Application Mutatis Mutandis of Provisions on Loan for Use)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-622 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-622 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-622
**第一項** 第五百九十七条第一項、第五百九十九条第一項及び第二項並びに第六百条の規定は、賃貸借について準用する。
art-622/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-622/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-622/par-1
The provisions of Article 597, paragraph (1), Article 599, paragraphs (1) and (2), and Article 600 apply mutatis mutandis to leases.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四款 敷金 — Subsection 4 Security Deposit
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-4
### 第六百二十二条の二
art-622-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-622-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-622-2
**第一項** 賃貸人は、敷金（いかなる名目によるかを問わず、賃料債務その他の賃貸借に基づいて生ずる賃借人の賃貸人に対する金銭の給付を目的とする債務を担保する目的で、賃借人が賃貸人に交付する金銭をいう。以下この条において同じ。）を受け取っている場合において、次に掲げるときは、賃借人に対し、その受け取った敷金の額から賃貸借に基づいて生じた賃借人の賃貸人に対する金銭の給付を目的とする債務の額を控除した残額を返還しなければならない。
art-622-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-622-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-622-2/par-1
If a lessor receives a security deposit (meaning money to be delivered by the lessee to the lessor under any name, for the purpose of securing an obligation to pay money that is owed by the lessee to the lessor based on a lease, such as an obligation to pay rent; the same applies in this Article below), the lessor must return to the lessee the amount that remains after deducting the amount of the obligation to pay money that is owed by the lessee to the lessor based on the lease, from the amount of security deposit received, in the following cases:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 賃貸借が終了し、かつ、賃貸物の返還を受けたとき。
art-622-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-622-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-622-2/par-1/item-1
if the lease is terminated, and the lessor receives the return of the leased thing; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 賃借人が適法に賃借権を譲り渡したとき。
art-622-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-622-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-622-2/par-1/item-2
if the lessee assigns the lease lawfully.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 賃貸人は、賃借人が賃貸借に基づいて生じた金銭の給付を目的とする債務を履行しないときは、敷金をその債務の弁済に充てることができる。この場合において、賃借人は、賃貸人に対し、敷金をその債務の弁済に充てることを請求することができない。
art-622-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-622-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-622-2/par-2
If the lessee fails to perform an obligation to pay money based on the lease, the lessor may appropriate the security deposit to the payment of the obligation. In such a case, the lessee may not demand that the lessor appropriate the security deposit to the payment of the obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第八節 雇用 — Section 8 Employment
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-8
### 第六百二十三条（雇用） — (Employment)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-623 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-623 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-623
**第一項** 雇用は、当事者の一方が相手方に対して労働に従事することを約し、相手方がこれに対してその報酬を与えることを約することによって、その効力を生ずる。
art-623/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-623/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-623/par-1
An employment contract becomes effective when a first party promises to a second party that the first party will engage in work and the second party promises to pay remuneration for this.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百二十四条（報酬の支払時期） — (Timing of Payment of Remuneration)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-624 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-624 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-624
**第一項** 労働者は、その約した労働を終わった後でなければ、報酬を請求することができない。
art-624/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-624/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-624/par-1
An employee may not demand remuneration until the work the employee promised to perform has been completed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 期間によって定めた報酬は、その期間を経過した後に、請求することができる。
art-624/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-624/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-624/par-2
Remuneration specified with reference to a period may be claimed after the passage of that period.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百二十四条の二（履行の割合に応じた報酬） — (Remuneration in Proportion to Performance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-624-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-624-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-624-2
**第一項** 労働者は、次に掲げる場合には、既にした履行の割合に応じて報酬を請求することができる。
art-624-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-624-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-624-2/par-1
In the following cases, an employee may demand remuneration in proportion to the obligation already performed thereby:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 使用者の責めに帰することができない事由によって労働に従事することができなくなったとき。
art-624-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-624-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-624-2/par-1/item-1
if the employee is no longer able to engage in work due to any grounds not attributable to the employer; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 雇用が履行の中途で終了したとき。
art-624-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-624-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-624-2/par-1/item-2
if employment is terminated during the course of performance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百二十五条（使用者の権利の譲渡の制限等） — (Restrictions on Assignment of Employer's Rights)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-625 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-625 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-625
**第一項** 使用者は、労働者の承諾を得なければ、その権利を第三者に譲り渡すことができない。
art-625/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-625/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-625/par-1
An employer may not assign the rights of the employer to a third party without obtaining the employee's consent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 労働者は、使用者の承諾を得なければ、自己に代わって第三者を労働に従事させることができない。
art-625/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-625/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-625/par-2
An employee may not cause a third party to work on behalf of the employee without obtaining the employer's consent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 労働者が前項の規定に違反して第三者を労働に従事させたときは、使用者は、契約の解除をすることができる。
art-625/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-625/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-625/par-3
If an employee causes a third party to work in violation of the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the employer may cancel the contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百二十六条（期間の定めのある雇用の解除） — (Cancellation of Employment with Definite Term)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-626 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-626 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-626
**第一項** 雇用の期間が五年を超え、又はその終期が不確定であるときは、当事者の一方は、五年を経過した後、いつでも契約の解除をすることができる。
art-626/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-626/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-626/par-1
If the term of employment exceeds five years, or the end of the term is not fixed, either party may cancel the contract at any time after the passage of five years.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定により契約の解除をしようとする者は、それが使用者であるときは三箇月前、労働者であるときは二週間前に、その予告をしなければならない。
art-626/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-626/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-626/par-2
If a person seeking to cancel a contract pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph must give notice three months in advance if the person is an employer, or two weeks in advance if the person is an employee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百二十七条（期間の定めのない雇用の解約の申入れ） — (Notice of Termination of Employment with Indefinite Term)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-627 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-627 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-627
**第一項** 当事者が雇用の期間を定めなかったときは、各当事者は、いつでも解約の申入れをすることができる。この場合において、雇用は、解約の申入れの日から二週間を経過することによって終了する。
art-627/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-627/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-627/par-1
If the parties have not specified a term of employment, either party may give notice of termination at any time. In these cases, employment terminates on the expiration of two weeks from the day of the notice of termination.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 期間によって報酬を定めた場合には、使用者からの解約の申入れは、次期以後についてすることができる。ただし、その解約の申入れは、当期の前半にしなければならない。
art-627/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-627/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-627/par-2
If remuneration is specified with reference to a period, an employer's notice of termination may be given with respect to the following period of time onward; provided, however, that the notice of termination must be given in the first half of the current period.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 六箇月以上の期間によって報酬を定めた場合には、前項の解約の申入れは、三箇月前にしなければならない。
art-627/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-627/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-627/par-3
If remuneration is specified with reference to a period of six months or more, the notice of termination referred to in the preceding paragraph must be given three months before the termination.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百二十八条（やむを得ない事由による雇用の解除） — (Cancellation of Employment Due to Compelling Reasons)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-628 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-628 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-628
**第一項** 当事者が雇用の期間を定めた場合であっても、やむを得ない事由があるときは、各当事者は、直ちに契約の解除をすることができる。この場合において、その事由が当事者の一方の過失によって生じたものであるときは、相手方に対して損害賠償の責任を負う。
art-628/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-628/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-628/par-1
Even if the parties have specified a term of employment, either party may immediately cancel the contract if there is a compelling reason to do so. In these cases, if the reasons arise from the negligence of either one of the parties, that party is liable to the other party for damages.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百二十九条（雇用の更新の推定等） — (Presumption of Renewal of Employment)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-629 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-629 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-629
**第一項** 雇用の期間が満了した後労働者が引き続きその労働に従事する場合において、使用者がこれを知りながら異議を述べないときは、従前の雇用と同一の条件で更に雇用をしたものと推定する。この場合において、各当事者は、第六百二十七条の規定により解約の申入れをすることができる。
art-629/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-629/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-629/par-1
If an employee continues to engage in that employee's work after the expiration of a term of employment and the employer knows of this and raises no objection, it is presumed that the further employment is entered into under conditions identical to those of the previous employment. In these cases, each party may give a notice of termination pursuant to the provisions of Article 627.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 従前の雇用について当事者が担保を供していたときは、その担保は、期間の満了によって消滅する。ただし、身元保証金については、この限りでない。
art-629/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-629/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-629/par-2
If either party has provided security for the previous employment, the security is extinguished on the expiration of the term; provided, however, that this does not apply to fidelity guarantee deposit.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百三十条（雇用の解除の効力） — (Effect of Cancellation of Employment)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-630 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-630 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-630
**第一項** 第六百二十条の規定は、雇用について準用する。
art-630/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-630/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-630/par-1
The provisions of Article 620 apply mutatis mutandis to employment.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百三十一条（使用者についての破産手続の開始による解約の申入れ） — (Notice of Termination Due to Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceeding for Employer)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-631 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-631 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-631
**第一項** 使用者が破産手続開始の決定を受けた場合には、雇用に期間の定めがあるときであっても、労働者又は破産管財人は、第六百二十七条の規定により解約の申入れをすることができる。この場合において、各当事者は、相手方に対し、解約によって生じた損害の賠償を請求することができない。
art-631/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-631/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-631/par-1
If the employer is subject to an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings, the employee or the bankruptcy trustee may give a notice of termination pursuant to the provisions of Article 627 even if the employment is for a definite term. In these cases, neither party may claim compensation from the other party for damage suffered as a result of the termination.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第九節 請負 — Section 9 Contracts for Work
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-9
### 第六百三十二条（請負） — (Contracts for Work)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-632 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-632 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-632
**第一項** 請負は、当事者の一方がある仕事を完成することを約し、相手方がその仕事の結果に対してその報酬を支払うことを約することによって、その効力を生ずる。
art-632/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-632/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-632/par-1
A contract for work become effective when one of the parties promises to complete work and the other party promises to pay remuneration for the outcome of the work.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百三十三条（報酬の支払時期） — (Timing of Payment of Remuneration)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-633 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-633 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-633
**第一項** 報酬は、仕事の目的物の引渡しと同時に、支払わなければならない。ただし、物の引渡しを要しないときは、第六百二十四条第一項の規定を準用する。
art-633/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-633/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-633/par-1
Remuneration must be paid simultaneously with delivery of the subject matter of work performed; provided, however, that if no delivery of a thing is required, the provisions of Article 624, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百三十四条（注文者が受ける利益の割合に応じた報酬） — (Remuneration in Proportion to Benefit Received by Party Ordering Work)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-634 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-634 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-634
**第一項** 次に掲げる場合において、請負人が既にした仕事の結果のうち可分な部分の給付によって注文者が利益を受けるときは、その部分を仕事の完成とみなす。この場合において、請負人は、注文者が受ける利益の割合に応じて報酬を請求することができる。
art-634/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-634/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-634/par-1
In the following cases, if the party ordering work receives any benefit from the performance of any divisible portion of the outcome of the work that the contractor has already completed, that portion is deemed to be the completed work; in this case, the contractor may demand remuneration in proportion to the benefit to be received by the party ordering work:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 注文者の責めに帰することができない事由によって仕事を完成することができなくなったとき。
art-634/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-634/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-634/par-1/item-1
if the contractor is no longer able to complete the work due to any grounds not attributable to the party ordering work; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 請負が仕事の完成前に解除されたとき。
art-634/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-634/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-634/par-1/item-2
if the contract for work is cancelled before the completion of work.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百三十五条 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-635 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-635 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-635
**第一項** 削除
art-635/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-635/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-635/par-1
Deleted
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百三十六条（請負人の担保責任の制限） — (Limitation on Contractor's Warranty)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-636 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-636 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-636
**第一項** 請負人が種類又は品質に関して契約の内容に適合しない仕事の目的物を注文者に引き渡したとき（その引渡しを要しない場合にあっては、仕事が終了した時に仕事の目的物が種類又は品質に関して契約の内容に適合しないとき）は、注文者は、注文者の供した材料の性質又は注文者の与えた指図によって生じた不適合を理由として、履行の追完の請求、報酬の減額の請求、損害賠償の請求及び契約の解除をすることができない。ただし、請負人がその材料又は指図が不適当であることを知りながら告げなかったときは、この限りでない。
art-636/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-636/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-636/par-1
If the contractor delivers to the party ordering work of a content the subject matter of work that does not conform to the contract terms with respect to the kind or quality (in the case of the subject matter of work that is not required to be delivered, if the subject matter of work does not conform to the terms of the contract with respect to the kind or quality when the work is finished), the party ordering work may not demand completion of the non-conformity of performance, demand a reduction of the remuneration, claim damages, or cancel the contract, on the grounds of the non-conformity caused by the nature of the materials that the party ordering work has provided or any instructions that the relevant party has given; provided, however, that this does not apply if the contractor knew that the materials or instructions were inappropriate but did not notify the ordering party of this.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百三十七条（目的物の種類又は品質に関する担保責任の期間の制限） — (Limitation on Period of Warranty with Respect to Kind or Quality of Subject Matter)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-637 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-637 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-637
**第一項** 前条本文に規定する場合において、注文者がその不適合を知った時から一年以内にその旨を請負人に通知しないときは、注文者は、その不適合を理由として、履行の追完の請求、報酬の減額の請求、損害賠償の請求及び契約の解除をすることができない。
art-637/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-637/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-637/par-1
In the case prescribed in the main clause of the preceding Article, if the party ordering work fails to notify the contractor of the non-conformity to the terms of the contract within one year from the time when the party becomes aware of it, the party ordering work may not demand completion of the non-conformity of performance, demand a reduction of the remuneration, claim compensation for damage, or cancel the contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、仕事の目的物を注文者に引き渡した時（その引渡しを要しない場合にあっては、仕事が終了した時）において、請負人が同項の不適合を知り、又は重大な過失によって知らなかったときは、適用しない。
art-637/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-637/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-637/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the contractor knew or did not know due to gross negligence the non-conformity referred to in that paragraph at the time when the contractor delivers the subject matter of work (in the case of the subject matter of work that is not required to be delivered, when the work is finished).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百三十八条から第六百四十条まで 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-638-to-640 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-638-to-640 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-638-to-640
**第一項** 削除
art-638-to-640/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-638-to-640/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-638-to-640/par-1
no English for this paragraph
### 第六百四十一条（注文者による契約の解除） — (Cancellation of Contract by Party Ordering Work)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-641 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-641 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-641
**第一項** 請負人が仕事を完成しない間は、注文者は、いつでも損害を賠償して契約の解除をすることができる。
art-641/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-641/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-641/par-1
The party ordering work may cancel the contract at any time whilst the contractor has not completed the work by paying compensation for damage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百四十二条（注文者についての破産手続の開始による解除） — (Cancellation on Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceeding for Party Ordering Work)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-642 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-642 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-642
**第一項** 注文者が破産手続開始の決定を受けたときは、請負人又は破産管財人は、契約の解除をすることができる。ただし、請負人による契約の解除については、仕事を完成した後は、この限りでない。
art-642/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-642/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-642/par-1
If the party ordering work receives an order commencing bankruptcy proceeding, the contractor or the bankruptcy trustee may cancel the contract; provided, however, that this does not apply to the cancellation of the contract by the contractor after the work is completed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項に規定する場合において、請負人は、既にした仕事の報酬及びその中に含まれていない費用について、破産財団の配当に加入することができる。
art-642/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-642/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-642/par-2
In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the contractor may participate in the distribution of the bankruptcy estate with respect to the remuneration for the work already completed and expenses not included in this.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の場合には、契約の解除によって生じた損害の賠償は、破産管財人が契約の解除をした場合における請負人に限り、請求することができる。この場合において、請負人は、その損害賠償について、破産財団の配当に加入する。
art-642/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-642/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-642/par-3
In the cases referred to in paragraph (1), claims for compensation for damage suffered as a result of the cancellation of the contract are permitted only for contractors under contracts cancelled by the bankruptcy trustee. In such a case, the contractors participate in the distribution of the bankruptcy estate with respect to that compensation for damage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第十節 委任 — Section 10 Mandates
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-10
### 第六百四十三条（委任） — (Mandates)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-643 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-643 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-643
**第一項** 委任は、当事者の一方が法律行為をすることを相手方に委託し、相手方がこれを承諾することによって、その効力を生ずる。
art-643/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-643/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-643/par-1
A mandate becomes effective when a first party asks a second party with performing a juridical act, and the second party accepts this.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百四十四条（受任者の注意義務） — (Duty of Care of Mandatary)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-644 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-644 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-644
**第一項** 受任者は、委任の本旨に従い、善良な管理者の注意をもって、委任事務を処理する義務を負う。
art-644/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-644/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-644/par-1
A mandatary bears a duty to administer the mandated business with the due care of a prudent manager in compliance with the main purpose of the mandate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百四十四条の二（復受任者の選任等） — (Appointment of Sub-Mandatary)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-644-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-644-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-644-2
**第一項** 受任者は、委任者の許諾を得たとき、又はやむを得ない事由があるときでなければ、復受任者を選任することができない。
art-644-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-644-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-644-2/par-1
A mandatary may not appoint a sub-mandatary unless the mandatary obtains the permission of the mandator or there is a compelling reason to do so.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 代理権を付与する委任において、受任者が代理権を有する復受任者を選任したときは、復受任者は、委任者に対して、その権限の範囲内において、受任者と同一の権利を有し、義務を負う。
art-644-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-644-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-644-2/par-2
In the case of mandate upon which the mandator grants authority to represent to the mandatary, if the mandatary appoints a sub-mandatary with authority to represent, the sub-mandatary has the same rights and obligations as those of the mandatary in relation to the mandator within the scope of its authority.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百四十五条（受任者による報告） — (Reports by Mandatary)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-645 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-645 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-645
**第一項** 受任者は、委任者の請求があるときは、いつでも委任事務の処理の状況を報告し、委任が終了した後は、遅滞なくその経過及び結果を報告しなければならない。
art-645/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-645/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-645/par-1
If a mandatary is requested by the mandator, the mandatary must report the current status of the administration of the mandated business at any time, and must report the process and results without delay upon termination of the mandate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百四十六条（受任者による受取物の引渡し等） — (Delivery of Received Things by Mandatary)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-646 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-646 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-646
**第一項** 受任者は、委任事務を処理するに当たって受け取った金銭その他の物を委任者に引き渡さなければならない。その収取した果実についても、同様とする。
art-646/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-646/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-646/par-1
A mandatary must deliver to the mandator monies and other things received during the course of administering the mandated business. The same applies to fruits the mandatary has reaped.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 受任者は、委任者のために自己の名で取得した権利を委任者に移転しなければならない。
art-646/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-646/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-646/par-2
A mandatary must transfer to the mandator rights that the mandatary has acquired in the mandatary's own name on behalf of the mandator.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百四十七条（受任者の金銭の消費についての責任） — (Mandatary's Responsibility for Consumption of Monies)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-647 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-647 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-647
**第一項** 受任者は、委任者に引き渡すべき金額又はその利益のために用いるべき金額を自己のために消費したときは、その消費した日以後の利息を支払わなければならない。この場合において、なお損害があるときは、その賠償の責任を負う。
art-647/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-647/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-647/par-1
If the mandatary has personally consumed monies that were to be delivered to the mandator or used for the benefit of the mandator, the mandatary must pay interest for the period from the day of that consumption. In these cases, if loss or damage persists, the mandatary is liable to compensate for the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百四十八条（受任者の報酬） — (Remuneration for Mandatary)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-648 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-648 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-648
**第一項** 受任者は、特約がなければ、委任者に対して報酬を請求することができない。
art-648/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-648/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-648/par-1
In the absence of any special agreements, the mandatary may not claim remuneration from the mandator.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 受任者は、報酬を受けるべき場合には、委任事務を履行した後でなければ、これを請求することができない。ただし、期間によって報酬を定めたときは、第六百二十四条第二項の規定を準用する。
art-648/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-648/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-648/par-2
If a mandatary is to receive remuneration, the mandatary may not claim this until after having performed the mandated business; provided, however, that if the remuneration is specified with reference to period, the provisions of Article 624, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 受任者は、次に掲げる場合には、既にした履行の割合に応じて報酬を請求することができる。
art-648/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-648/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-648/par-3
In the following cases, the mandatary may demand remuneration in proportion to the performance already completed:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 委任者の責めに帰することができない事由によって委任事務の履行をすることができなくなったとき。
art-648/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-648/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-648/par-3/item-1
if the mandatary is no longer able to perform the mandated business due to any grounds not attributable to the mandator; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 委任が履行の中途で終了したとき。
art-648/par-3/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-648/par-3/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-648/par-3/item-2
if the mandate is terminated during the course of performance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百四十八条の二（成果等に対する報酬） — (Remuneration for Result)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-648-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-648-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-648-2
**第一項** 委任事務の履行により得られる成果に対して報酬を支払うことを約した場合において、その成果が引渡しを要するときは、報酬は、その成果の引渡しと同時に、支払わなければならない。
art-648-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-648-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-648-2/par-1
If the parties agree that remuneration will be paid for any result that may be obtained through the performance of the mandated business, and the result is required to be delivered, remuneration must be paid simultaneously upon the delivery of the result.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第六百三十四条の規定は、委任事務の履行により得られる成果に対して報酬を支払うことを約した場合について準用する。
art-648-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-648-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-648-2/par-2
The provisions of Article 634 apply mutatis mutandis if the parties agree that remuneration will be paid for any result that may be obtained through the performance of the mandated business.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百四十九条（受任者による費用の前払請求） — (Mandatary's Claims for Advance for Costs)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-649 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-649 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-649
**第一項** 委任事務を処理するについて費用を要するときは、委任者は、受任者の請求により、その前払をしなければならない。
art-649/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-649/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-649/par-1
If costs will be incurred in administering the mandated business, the mandator must, at the request of the mandatary, pay an advance for those costs.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百五十条（受任者による費用等の償還請求等） — (Mandatary's Claims for Reimbursement of Expense)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-650 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-650 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-650
**第一項** 受任者は、委任事務を処理するのに必要と認められる費用を支出したときは、委任者に対し、その費用及び支出の日以後におけるその利息の償還を請求することができる。
art-650/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-650/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-650/par-1
If the mandatary has expended costs found to be necessary for the administration of the mandated business, the mandatary may claim reimbursement of those costs from the mandator and any interest on the same from the day the costs were expended.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 受任者は、委任事務を処理するのに必要と認められる債務を負担したときは、委任者に対し、自己に代わってその弁済をすることを請求することができる。この場合において、その債務が弁済期にないときは、委任者に対し、相当の担保を供させることができる。
art-650/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-650/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-650/par-2
If the mandatary has borne any obligation found to be necessary for the administration of the mandated business, the mandatary may demand that the mandator perform the obligation on the mandatary's behalf. In these cases, if the obligation has not yet fallen due, the mandatary may require the mandator to tender reasonable security.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 受任者は、委任事務を処理するため自己に過失なく損害を受けたときは、委任者に対し、その賠償を請求することができる。
art-650/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-650/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-650/par-3
If a mandatary incurs loss or damage that is not due to the negligence of the mandatary in order to administer the mandated business, the mandatary may claim that compensation from the mandator.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百五十一条（委任の解除） — (Cancellation of Mandate)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-651 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-651 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-651
**第一項** 委任は、各当事者がいつでもその解除をすることができる。
art-651/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-651/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-651/par-1
A mandate may be cancelled by either party at any time.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定により委任の解除をした者は、次に掲げる場合には、相手方の損害を賠償しなければならない。ただし、やむを得ない事由があったときは、この限りでない。
art-651/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-651/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-651/par-2
In the following cases, a party that has cancelled a mandate pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph must compensate for damage suffered by the other party; provided, however, that this does not apply if there was a compelling reason for the cancellation:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 相手方に不利な時期に委任を解除したとき。
art-651/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-651/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-651/par-2/item-1
if the party cancels the mandate at a time that is detrimental to the other party; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 委任者が受任者の利益（専ら報酬を得ることによるものを除く。）をも目的とする委任を解除したとき。
art-651/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-651/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-651/par-2/item-2
if the mandator cancels the mandate for which the purpose includes the interests for the mandatary (excluding the profit to be obtained exclusively by receiving remuneration).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百五十二条（委任の解除の効力） — (Effect of Cancellation of Mandate)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-652 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-652 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-652
**第一項** 第六百二十条の規定は、委任について準用する。
art-652/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-652/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-652/par-1
The provisions of Article 620 apply mutatis mutandis to mandates.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百五十三条（委任の終了事由） — (Grounds for Termination of Mandate)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-653 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-653 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-653
**第一項** 委任は、次に掲げる事由によって終了する。
art-653/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-653/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-653/par-1
A mandate terminates when:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 委任者又は受任者の死亡
art-653/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-653/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-653/par-1/item-1
the mandator or mandatary dies;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 委任者又は受任者が破産手続開始の決定を受けたこと。
art-653/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-653/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-653/par-1/item-2
the mandator or mandatary is subject to an order commencing bankruptcy proceeding;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 受任者が後見開始の審判を受けたこと。
art-653/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-653/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-653/par-1/item-3
the mandatary is subject to a decision for the commencement of guardianship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百五十四条（委任の終了後の処分） — (Disposition after Termination of Mandate)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-654 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-654 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-654
**第一項** 委任が終了した場合において、急迫の事情があるときは、受任者又はその相続人若しくは法定代理人は、委任者又はその相続人若しくは法定代理人が委任事務を処理することができるに至るまで、必要な処分をしなければならない。
art-654/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-654/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-654/par-1
If a mandate has terminated but there are pressing circumstances, their mandatary or heir or legal representative must effect the necessary actions until the time when the mandator or the heir or legal representative of the mandatary is able to take charge of the mandated business.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百五十五条（委任の終了の対抗要件） — (Requirements for Assertion of Termination of Mandate)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-655 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-655 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-655
**第一項** 委任の終了事由は、これを相手方に通知したとき、又は相手方がこれを知っていたときでなければ、これをもってその相手方に対抗することができない。
art-655/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-655/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-655/par-1
The grounds of termination of mandate may not be asserted against the other party unless the other party was notified of or knew of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百五十六条（準委任） — (De Facto Mandate)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-656 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-656 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-656
**第一項** この節の規定は、法律行為でない事務の委託について準用する。
art-656/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-656/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-656/par-1
The provisions of this Section apply mutatis mutandis to entrustments of business that do not constitute juridical acts.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第十一節 寄託 — Section 11 Bailment
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-11 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-11 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-11
### 第六百五十七条（寄託） — (Bailment)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-657 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-657 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-657
**第一項** 寄託は、当事者の一方がある物を保管することを相手方に委託し、相手方がこれを承諾することによって、その効力を生ずる。
art-657/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-657/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-657/par-1
A bailment becomes effective if one of the parties asks the other party to keep a certain thing in custody, and the other party gives consent to keeping it in custody.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百五十七条の二（寄託物受取り前の寄託者による寄託の解除等） — (Cancellation of Bailment by Bailor Before Receipt of Bailed Things)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-657-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-657-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-657-2
**第一項** 寄託者は、受寄者が寄託物を受け取るまで、契約の解除をすることができる。この場合において、受寄者は、その契約の解除によって損害を受けたときは、寄託者に対し、その賠償を請求することができる。
art-657-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-657-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-657-2/par-1
A bailor may cancel the contract up until the bailee receives the bailed thing. In such a case, if the bailee sustains any damage due to the cancellation of the contract, the bailee may claim that compensation from the bailor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 無報酬の受寄者は、寄託物を受け取るまで、契約の解除をすることができる。ただし、書面による寄託については、この限りでない。
art-657-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-657-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-657-2/par-2
A gratuitous bailee may cancel the contract up until the bailee receives the bailed thing; provided, however, that this does not apply to a bailment made in writing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 受寄者（無報酬で寄託を受けた場合にあっては、書面による寄託の受寄者に限る。）は、寄託物を受け取るべき時期を経過したにもかかわらず、寄託者が寄託物を引き渡さない場合において、相当の期間を定めてその引渡しの催告をし、その期間内に引渡しがないときは、契約の解除をすることができる。
art-657-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-657-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-657-2/par-3
If the bailor does not deliver the bailed thing even after the passage of the scheduled time of receipt of the bailed thing, and the bailee (in the case of a gratuitous bailment, limited to the bailee of a bailment made in writing) demands the delivery by specifying a reasonable period of time but the bailor fails to deliver the thing, the bailee may cancel the contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百五十八条（寄託物の使用及び第三者による保管） — (Use of Bailed Things and Custody by Third Parties)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-658 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-658 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-658
**第一項** 受寄者は、寄託者の承諾を得なければ、寄託物を使用することができない。
art-658/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-658/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-658/par-1
A bailee may not use the bailed thing without obtaining the consent of the bailor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 受寄者は、寄託者の承諾を得たとき、又はやむを得ない事由があるときでなければ、寄託物を第三者に保管させることができない。
art-658/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-658/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-658/par-2
The bailee may not have a third party keep the bailed thing in custody unless the bailee obtains the consent of the bailor or there is a compelling reason to do so.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 再受寄者は、寄託者に対して、その権限の範囲内において、受寄者と同一の権利を有し、義務を負う。
art-658/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-658/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-658/par-3
A sub-bailee has the same rights and obligations as those of the bailee in relation to the bailor within the scope of its authority.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百五十九条（無報酬の受寄者の注意義務） — (Duty of Care of Gratuitous Bailee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-659 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-659 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-659
**第一項** 無報酬の受寄者は、自己の財産に対するのと同一の注意をもって、寄託物を保管する義務を負う。
art-659/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-659/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-659/par-1
A gratuitous bailee bears a duty to keep the bailed thing while exercising the same level of care that the bailee would exercise for their own property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百六十条（受寄者の通知義務等） — (Obligation of Bailee to Give Notice)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-660 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-660 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-660
**第一項** 寄託物について権利を主張する第三者が受寄者に対して訴えを提起し、又は差押え、仮差押え若しくは仮処分をしたときは、受寄者は、遅滞なくその事実を寄託者に通知しなければならない。ただし、寄託者が既にこれを知っているときは、この限りでない。
art-660/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-660/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-660/par-1
If a third party claiming rights with respect to the bailed thing has filed a lawsuit against the bailee, or has effected a seizure, provisional seizure, or provisional disposition, the bailee must notify the bailor of that fact without delay; provided, however, that this does not apply if the bailor already knows it.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第三者が寄託物について権利を主張する場合であっても、受寄者は、寄託者の指図がない限り、寄託者に対しその寄託物を返還しなければならない。ただし、受寄者が前項の通知をした場合又は同項ただし書の規定によりその通知を要しない場合において、その寄託物をその第三者に引き渡すべき旨を命ずる確定判決（確定判決と同一の効力を有するものを含む。）があったときであって、その第三者にその寄託物を引き渡したときは、この限りでない。
art-660/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-660/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-660/par-2
Even if a third party claims a right for the bailed thing, the bailee must return the bailed thing to the bailor unless the bailor gives instructions to the contrary; provided, however, that this does not apply if the bailee notifies the bailor in advance referred to in the preceding paragraph or is not required to notify pursuant to the provisions of the proviso to that paragraph, and the bailee delivers the bailed thing to a third party based on a final and binding judgment (including anything that has the same effect as a final and binding judgment) ordering the delivery of the bailed thing to that third party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 受寄者は、前項の規定により寄託者に対して寄託物を返還しなければならない場合には、寄託者にその寄託物を引き渡したことによって第三者に損害が生じたときであっても、その賠償の責任を負わない。
art-660/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-660/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-660/par-3
If the bailee is required to return the bailed thing to the bailor pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the bailee is not liable to compensate for any damage sustained by a third party due to the delivery of the bailed thing to the bailor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百六十一条（寄託者による損害賠償） — (Payment of Damages by Bailor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-661 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-661 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-661
**第一項** 寄託者は、寄託物の性質又は瑕疵によって生じた損害を受寄者に賠償しなければならない。ただし、寄託者が過失なくその性質若しくは瑕疵を知らなかったとき、又は受寄者がこれを知っていたときは、この限りでない。
art-661/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-661/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-661/par-1
The bailor must compensate the bailee for damage that occur due to a nature of or defect in the bailed thing; provided, however, that this does not apply if the bailor did not, without negligence, know of that nature or defect, or the bailee knew of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百六十二条（寄託者による返還請求等） — (Bailor's Demand for Return)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-662 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-662 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-662
**第一項** 当事者が寄託物の返還の時期を定めたときであっても、寄託者は、いつでもその返還を請求することができる。
art-662/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-662/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-662/par-1
Even if the parties specify the time for the return of the bailed thing, the bailor may demand the return of the same at any time.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項に規定する場合において、受寄者は、寄託者がその時期の前に返還を請求したことによって損害を受けたときは、寄託者に対し、その賠償を請求することができる。
art-662/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-662/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-662/par-2
In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if the bailee sustains any damage because the bailor demands the return of the bailed thing before the time of return, the bailee may claim that compensation from the bailor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百六十三条（寄託物の返還の時期） — (Timing of Return of the Bailed Things)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-663 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-663 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-663
**第一項** 当事者が寄託物の返還の時期を定めなかったときは、受寄者は、いつでもその返還をすることができる。
art-663/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-663/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-663/par-1
If the parties have not specified the timing of the return of the bailed thing, the bailee may return the same at any time.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 返還の時期の定めがあるときは、受寄者は、やむを得ない事由がなければ、その期限前に返還をすることができない。
art-663/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-663/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-663/par-2
If the timing of the return is specified, the bailee may not return it before the due date unless there is a compelling reason to do so.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百六十四条（寄託物の返還の場所） — (Place for Return of Bailed Things)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-664 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-664 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-664
**第一項** 寄託物の返還は、その保管をすべき場所でしなければならない。ただし、受寄者が正当な事由によってその物を保管する場所を変更したときは、その現在の場所で返還をすることができる。
art-664/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-664/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-664/par-1
Bailed thing must be returned at the place where they are to be retained; provided, however, that if the bailee has changed the place of retention for a legitimate reason, the bailed thing may be returned at that current place of retention.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百六十四条の二（損害賠償及び費用の償還の請求権についての期間の制限） — (Limitation on Period of Claims for Damages and Reimbursement of Expenses)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-664-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-664-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-664-2
**第一項** 寄託物の一部滅失又は損傷によって生じた損害の賠償及び受寄者が支出した費用の償還は、寄託者が返還を受けた時から一年以内に請求しなければならない。
art-664-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-664-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-664-2/par-1
Claims for damages sustained by the bailor due to the loss or damage to part of the bailed thing and for reimbursement of expenses incurred by the bailee must be submitted within one year from the time when the bailor receives the return of the bailed thing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の損害賠償の請求権については、寄託者が返還を受けた時から一年を経過するまでの間は、時効は、完成しない。
art-664-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-664-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-664-2/par-2
With regard to the claim for damages referred to in the preceding paragraph, the prescription period does not expire until one year has passed from the time when the bailor receives the return of the bailed thing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百六十五条（委任の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Mandate)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-665 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-665 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-665
**第一項** 第六百四十六条から第六百四十八条まで、第六百四十九条並びに第六百五十条第一項及び第二項の規定は、寄託について準用する。
art-665/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-665/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-665/par-1
The provisions of Articles 646 through 648, Article 649, and Article 650, paragraphs (1) and (2) apply mutatis mutandis to bailments.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百六十五条の二（混合寄託） — (Bailments of Mixed Things)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-665-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-665-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-665-2
**第一項** 複数の者が寄託した物の種類及び品質が同一である場合には、受寄者は、各寄託者の承諾を得たときに限り、これらを混合して保管することができる。
art-665-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-665-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-665-2/par-1
If the things bailed by two or more persons are the same in kind and quality, the bailee may keep these things in custody by mixing them only if the bailee obtains the consent of the respective bailors.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定に基づき受寄者が複数の寄託者からの寄託物を混合して保管したときは、寄託者は、その寄託した物と同じ数量の物の返還を請求することができる。
art-665-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-665-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-665-2/par-2
If the bailee keeps the bailed thing by two or more bailors in custody by mixing them based on the provisions of the preceding paragraph, each bailor may demand the return of the thing in the same quantity as the thing bailed by respective bailor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項に規定する場合において、寄託物の一部が滅失したときは、寄託者は、混合して保管されている総寄託物に対するその寄託した物の割合に応じた数量の物の返還を請求することができる。この場合においては、損害賠償の請求を妨げない。
art-665-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-665-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-665-2/par-3
In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if any part of the bailed thing is lost, each bailor may demand the return of the thing at the percentage of the thing bailed by respective bailor to all bailed thing mixed and kept in custody by the bailee. In such a case, no bailor is precluded from claiming for damages.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百六十六条（消費寄託） — (Deposit of Fungibles)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-666 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-666 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-666
**第一項** 受寄者が契約により寄託物を消費することができる場合には、受寄者は、寄託された物と種類、品質及び数量の同じ物をもって返還しなければならない。
art-666/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-666/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-666/par-1
If a bailee may consume the bailed thing by contract, the bailee must return the thing that is the same kind, quality and quantity as the bailed thing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第五百九十条及び第五百九十二条の規定は、前項に規定する場合について準用する。
art-666/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-666/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-666/par-2
The provisions of Articles 590 and 592 apply mutatis mutandis to the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "The provisions of Articles 591 and 592 apply mutatis mutandis to the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4848/tb
**第三項** 第五百九十一条第二項及び第三項の規定は、預金又は貯金に係る契約により金銭を寄託した場合について準用する。
art-666/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-666/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-666/par-3
The provisions of Article 591, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the case of a bailment of money by a contract concerning deposits savings.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第十二節 組合 — Section 12 Partnerships
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-12 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-12 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-12
### 第六百六十七条（組合契約） — (Partnership Contracts)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-667 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-667 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-667
**第一項** 組合契約は、各当事者が出資をして共同の事業を営むことを約することによって、その効力を生ずる。
art-667/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-667/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-667/par-1
A partnership contract becomes effective when each of the parties promises to make a contribution and engage in a joint undertaking.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 出資は、労務をその目的とすることができる。
art-667/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-667/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-667/par-2
The subject of the contribution may be services.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百六十七条の二（他の組合員の債務不履行） — (Non-Performance of Other Partners)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-667-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-667-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-667-2
**第一項** 第五百三十三条及び第五百三十六条の規定は、組合契約については、適用しない。
art-667-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-667-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-667-2/par-1
The provisions of Articles 533 and 536 do not apply to a partnership contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 組合員は、他の組合員が組合契約に基づく債務の履行をしないことを理由として、組合契約を解除することができない。
art-667-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-667-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-667-2/par-2
A partner may not cancel a partnership contract on the grounds that other parties do not perform the obligations based on the partnership contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百六十七条の三（組合員の一人についての意思表示の無効等） — (Nullity of Manifestation of Intention by One Partner)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-667-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-667-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-667-3
**第一項** 組合員の一人について意思表示の無効又は取消しの原因があっても、他の組合員の間においては、組合契約は、その効力を妨げられない。
art-667-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-667-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-667-3/par-1
Even if there are any grounds for the nullity or rescission of a manifestation of intention by one of the partners, the validity of the partnership contract is not impaired in relation to other partners.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百六十八条（組合財産の共有） — (Co-Ownership in Partnership Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-668 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-668 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-668
**第一項** 各組合員の出資その他の組合財産は、総組合員の共有に属する。
art-668/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-668/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-668/par-1
The contributions of the partners and other partnership property is co-owned by all partners.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百六十九条（金銭出資の不履行の責任） — (Responsibility for Failure to Provide Monetary Contribution)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-669 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-669 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-669
**第一項** 金銭を出資の目的とした場合において、組合員がその出資をすることを怠ったときは、その利息を支払うほか、損害の賠償をしなければならない。
art-669/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-669/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-669/par-1
If monies are the subject of contribution and a partner fails to make the contribution, that partner must pay interest on the same and otherwise compensate for damage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百七十条（業務の決定及び執行の方法） — (Methods of Deciding and Executing Business)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-670 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-670 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-670
**第一項** 組合の業務は、組合員の過半数をもって決定し、各組合員がこれを執行する。
art-670/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-670/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-670/par-1
The partnership business is decided by the majority of the partners and executed by each partner.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 組合の業務の決定及び執行は、組合契約の定めるところにより、一人又は数人の組合員又は第三者に委任することができる。
art-670/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-670/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-670/par-2
The decision and execution of the partnership business may be delegated to one or more partners or a third party, pursuant to the provisions of the partnership contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項の委任を受けた者（以下「業務執行者」という。）は、組合の業務を決定し、これを執行する。この場合において、業務執行者が数人あるときは、組合の業務は、業務執行者の過半数をもって決定し、各業務執行者がこれを執行する。
art-670/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-670/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-670/par-3
The person delegated referred to in the preceding paragraph (referred to as a "person who executes business" below) decides and executes the partnership business. In such a case, if there are two or more persons who execute business, the partnership business is decided by the majority of these persons who execute business and is executed by each of them.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前項の規定にかかわらず、組合の業務については、総組合員の同意によって決定し、又は総組合員が執行することを妨げない。
art-670/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-670/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-670/par-4
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the partnership business is not precluded to be decided based on the consent of all partners or executed by all partners.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 組合の常務は、前各項の規定にかかわらず、各組合員又は各業務執行者が単独で行うことができる。ただし、その完了前に他の組合員又は業務執行者が異議を述べたときは、この限りでない。
art-670/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-670/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-670/par-5
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraphs, the ordinary business of a partnership may be performed by each partner or each person who executes business independently; provided, however, that this does not apply if other partners or persons who execute business raise objections before the completion of the business.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百七十条の二（組合の代理） — (Agency of Partnership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-670-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-670-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-670-2
**第一項** 各組合員は、組合の業務を執行する場合において、組合員の過半数の同意を得たときは、他の組合員を代理することができる。
art-670-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-670-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-670-2/par-1
In executing the partnership business, each partner may act as an agent of other partners with the consent of the majority of partners.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定にかかわらず、業務執行者があるときは、業務執行者のみが組合員を代理することができる。この場合において、業務執行者が数人あるときは、各業務執行者は、業務執行者の過半数の同意を得たときに限り、組合員を代理することができる。
art-670-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-670-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-670-2/par-2
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if any person is delegated to be a person who executes business, only the person who executes business may act as an agent of partners. In such a case, if there are two or more persons who execute business, each person who executes business may act as an agent of partners only if the person obtains the consent of the majority of the persons who execute business.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定にかかわらず、各組合員又は各業務執行者は、組合の常務を行うときは、単独で組合員を代理することができる。
art-670-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-670-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-670-2/par-3
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, each partner and each person who executes business may act as an agent of partners independently when performing the ordinary business of the partnership.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百七十一条（委任の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Mandates)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-671 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-671 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-671
**第一項** 第六百四十四条から第六百五十条までの規定は、組合の業務を決定し、又は執行する組合員について準用する。
art-671/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-671/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-671/par-1
The provisions of Articles 644 through 650 apply mutatis mutandis to partners who decide or execute the business of a partnership.
Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "The provisions of Articles 646 through 650 apply mutatis mutandis to partners who decide or execute the business of a partnership." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4848/tb
### 第六百七十二条（業務執行組合員の辞任及び解任） — (Resignations and Dismissals of Partners Who Execute Business)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-672 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-672 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-672
**第一項** 組合契約の定めるところにより一人又は数人の組合員に業務の決定及び執行を委任したときは、その組合員は、正当な事由がなければ、辞任することができない。
art-672/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-672/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-672/par-1
If one or more partners are delegated to decide and execute partnership business pursuant to the provisions of the partnership contract, those partners may not resign without a legitimate reason.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の組合員は、正当な事由がある場合に限り、他の組合員の一致によって解任することができる。
art-672/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-672/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-672/par-2
The partners referred to in the preceding paragraph may be dismissed by the unanimous agreement of the other partners, but only for just cause.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百七十三条（組合員の組合の業務及び財産状況に関する検査） — (Inspections by Partners of Status of Partnership Business and Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-673 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-673 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-673
**第一項** 各組合員は、組合の業務の決定及び執行をする権利を有しないときであっても、その業務及び組合財産の状況を検査することができる。
art-673/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-673/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-673/par-1
Each partner may inspect the status of the business and property of the partnership even if the partner does not have the right to decide and execute the business of the partnership.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百七十四条（組合員の損益分配の割合） — (Proportions of Partners' Distributions of Profits and Losses)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-674 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-674 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-674
**第一項** 当事者が損益分配の割合を定めなかったときは、その割合は、各組合員の出資の価額に応じて定める。
art-674/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-674/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-674/par-1
If parties have not specified the proportions of distributions of the partnership's profits and losses, these proportions are determined in accordance with the value of each partner's contribution.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 利益又は損失についてのみ分配の割合を定めたときは、その割合は、利益及び損失に共通であるものと推定する。
art-674/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-674/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-674/par-2
If the proportions of distributions have been specified solely with respect to either profits or losses, it is presumed that those proportions are common to profits and losses.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百七十五条（組合の債権者の権利の行使） — (Exercise of Right of Obligees of Partnership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-675 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-675 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-675
**第一項** 組合の債権者は、組合財産についてその権利を行使することができる。
art-675/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-675/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-675/par-1
An obligee of a partnership may exercise their rights against the partnership property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 組合の債権者は、その選択に従い、各組合員に対して損失分担の割合又は等しい割合でその権利を行使することができる。ただし、組合の債権者がその債権の発生の時に各組合員の損失分担の割合を知っていたときは、その割合による。
art-675/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-675/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-675/par-2
An obligee of a partnership may, at the choice of the obligee, exercise the rights of the obligee against each partner in proportion to their shares of loss or in equal proportions; provided, however, that if an obligee of a partnership knew the proportion of each partner's share of loss at the time of occurrence of the claim, the exercise of the obligee's rights is based on those proportions.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百七十六条（組合員の持分の処分及び組合財産の分割） — (Disposition of Partners' Interests and Division of Partnership Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-676 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-676 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-676
**第一項** 組合員は、組合財産についてその持分を処分したときは、その処分をもって組合及び組合と取引をした第三者に対抗することができない。
art-676/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-676/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-676/par-1
If a partner has disposed of the interest of the partner with respect to the partnership property, that partner may not duly assert that disposition against the partnership or third parties that had dealings with the partnership.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 組合員は、組合財産である債権について、その持分についての権利を単独で行使することができない。
art-676/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-676/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-676/par-2
A partner may not independently exercise the rights with regard to a claim that is included in the partnership property based on that partner's interest in the claim.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 組合員は、清算前に組合財産の分割を求めることができない。
art-676/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-676/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-676/par-3
A partner may not demand the division of the partnership property before liquidation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百七十七条（組合財産に対する組合員の債権者の権利の行使の禁止） — (Prohibition of Exercise of Rights by Obligees of Partners Against Partnership Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-677 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-677 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-677
**第一項** 組合員の債権者は、組合財産についてその権利を行使することができない。
art-677/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-677/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-677/par-1
A partner's obligee may not exercise the rights of that obligee against the partnership property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百七十七条の二（組合員の加入） — (Admission of Partners)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-677-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-677-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-677-2
**第一項** 組合員は、その全員の同意によって、又は組合契約の定めるところにより、新たに組合員を加入させることができる。
art-677-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-677-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-677-2/par-1
Partners may admit a new partner to a partnership based on the consent of all partners or pursuant to the provisions of the partnership contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定により組合の成立後に加入した組合員は、その加入前に生じた組合の債務については、これを弁済する責任を負わない。
art-677-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-677-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-677-2/par-2
A partner that is admitted to a partnership pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph after it is formed is not liable to perform the obligations of the partnership that arose before that partner's admission.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百七十八条（組合員の脱退） — (Withdrawal of Partners)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-678 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-678 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-678
**第一項** 組合契約で組合の存続期間を定めなかったとき、又はある組合員の終身の間組合が存続すべきことを定めたときは、各組合員は、いつでも脱退することができる。ただし、やむを得ない事由がある場合を除き、組合に不利な時期に脱退することができない。
art-678/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-678/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-678/par-1
If a partnership contract does not specify the duration of the partnership, or specifies that the partnership is to continue for the life of a certain partner, each partner may withdraw at any time; provided, however, that unless there is a compelling reason to do so, a partner may not withdraw at a time that is detrimental to the partnership.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 組合の存続期間を定めた場合であっても、各組合員は、やむを得ない事由があるときは、脱退することができる。
art-678/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-678/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-678/par-2
Even if the duration of the partnership is specified, each partner may withdraw if there is a compelling reason to do so.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百七十九条
art-679 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-679 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-679
**第一項** 前条の場合のほか、組合員は、次に掲げる事由によって脱退する。
art-679/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-679/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-679/par-1
Beyond the cases referred to in the preceding Article, partners withdraw on the following grounds:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 死亡
art-679/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-679/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-679/par-1/item-1
the partner dies;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 破産手続開始の決定を受けたこと。
art-679/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-679/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-679/par-1/item-2
the partner is subject to an order commencing bankruptcy proceeding;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 後見開始の審判を受けたこと。
art-679/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-679/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-679/par-1/item-3
the partner is subject to a decision for the commencement of guardianship;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 除名
art-679/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-679/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-679/par-1/item-4
the partner has been expelled.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百八十条（組合員の除名） — (Expulsion of Partners)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-680 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-680 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-680
**第一項** 組合員の除名は、正当な事由がある場合に限り、他の組合員の一致によってすることができる。ただし、除名した組合員にその旨を通知しなければ、これをもってその組合員に対抗することができない。
art-680/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-680/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-680/par-1
The expulsion of a partner may be effected by the unanimous agreement of the other partners, but only for just cause; provided, however, that the expulsion may not be duly asserted against a partner who is expelled unless a notice to that effect is given to that partner.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百八十条の二（脱退した組合員の責任等） — (Liability of Withdrawing Partner)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-680-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-680-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-680-2
**第一項** 脱退した組合員は、その脱退前に生じた組合の債務について、従前の責任の範囲内でこれを弁済する責任を負う。この場合において、債権者が全部の弁済を受けない間は、脱退した組合員は、組合に担保を供させ、又は組合に対して自己に免責を得させることを請求することができる。
art-680-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-680-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-680-2/par-1
A withdrawing partner is liable to perform obligations of the partnership that have arisen before that partner's withdrawal, to the extent of that partner's previous liability. In such a case, until an obligee receives the full performance of the obligation, the withdrawing partner may demand that the partnership provide security or exempt the partner from liability in relation to the partnership.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 脱退した組合員は、前項に規定する組合の債務を弁済したときは、組合に対して求償権を有する。
art-680-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-680-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-680-2/par-2
A withdrawing partner acquires a right to reimbursement from the partnership if the partner performs an obligation of the partnership prescribed in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百八十一条（脱退した組合員の持分の払戻し） — (Returns of Interests of Withdrawing Partners)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-681 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-681 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-681
**第一項** 脱退した組合員と他の組合員との間の計算は、脱退の時における組合財産の状況に従ってしなければならない。
art-681/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-681/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-681/par-1
Accounts as between the withdrawing partner and other partners must be settled according to the status of the partnership property as at the time of the withdrawal.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 脱退した組合員の持分は、その出資の種類を問わず、金銭で払い戻すことができる。
art-681/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-681/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-681/par-2
The interest of the withdrawing partner may be refunded in money, regardless of the kind of the withdrawing partner's contribution.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 脱退の時にまだ完了していない事項については、その完了後に計算をすることができる。
art-681/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-681/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-681/par-3
With respect to any matter not yet completed at the time of the withdrawal, accounts may be made up subsequent to the completion of that matter.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百八十二条（組合の解散事由） — (Causes of Dissolution of Partnerships)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-682 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-682 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-682
**第一項** 組合は、次に掲げる事由によって解散する。
art-682/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-682/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-682/par-1
A partnership is dissolved on any of the following grounds:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 組合の目的である事業の成功又はその成功の不能
art-682/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-682/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-682/par-1/item-1
the successful completion of the business that is the object of the partnership;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 組合契約で定めた存続期間の満了
art-682/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-682/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-682/par-1/item-2
the expiration of the duration of the partnership specified by the partnership contract;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 組合契約で定めた解散の事由の発生
art-682/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-682/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-682/par-1/item-3
the occurrence of any cause of dissolution specified by the partnership contract; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 総組合員の同意
art-682/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-682/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-682/par-1/item-4
the consent of all partners.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百八十三条（組合の解散の請求） — (Request for Dissolution of Partnerships)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-683 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-683 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-683
**第一項** やむを得ない事由があるときは、各組合員は、組合の解散を請求することができる。
art-683/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-683/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-683/par-1
Each partner may request the dissolution of the partnership if there is a compelling reason to do so.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百八十四条（組合契約の解除の効力） — (Effect of Cancellation of Partnership Contracts)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-684 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-684 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-684
**第一項** 第六百二十条の規定は、組合契約について準用する。
art-684/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-684/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-684/par-1
The provisions of Article 620 apply mutatis mutandis to partnership contracts.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百八十五条（組合の清算及び清算人の選任） — (Liquidation of Partnerships and Appointment of Liquidators)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-685 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-685 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-685
**第一項** 組合が解散したときは、清算は、総組合員が共同して、又はその選任した清算人がこれをする。
art-685/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-685/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-685/par-1
When a partnership is dissolved, liquidation is administered jointly by all partners or by a liquidator appointed by the partner.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 清算人の選任は、組合員の過半数で決する。
art-685/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-685/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-685/par-2
A liquidator is appointed by a majority of all partners.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百八十六条（清算人の業務の決定及び執行の方法） — (Methods of Deciding and Executing Liquidators' Business)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-686 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-686 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-686
**第一項** 第六百七十条第三項から第五項まで並びに第六百七十条の二第二項及び第三項の規定は、清算人について準用する。
art-686/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-686/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-686/par-1
The provisions of Article 670, paragraphs (3) through (5), and Article 670-2, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis if there is more than one liquidator.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百八十七条（組合員である清算人の辞任及び解任） — (Resignations and Dismissals of Liquidators Who Are Partners)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-687 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-687 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-687
**第一項** 第六百七十二条の規定は、組合契約の定めるところにより組合員の中から清算人を選任した場合について準用する。
art-687/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-687/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-687/par-1
The provisions of Article 672 apply mutatis mutandis if the liquidator is appointed from among the partners pursuant to the provisions of the partnership contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百八十八条（清算人の職務及び権限並びに残余財産の分割方法） — (Duties and Authority of Liquidators and Method of Division of Residual Assets)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-688 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-688 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-688
**第一項** 清算人の職務は、次のとおりとする。
art-688/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-688/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-688/par-1
The duties of a liquidator are to:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 現務の結了
art-688/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-688/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-688/par-1/item-1
conclude current business;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 債権の取立て及び債務の弁済
art-688/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-688/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-688/par-1/item-2
collect debts and perform obligations; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 残余財産の引渡し
art-688/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-688/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-688/par-1/item-3
deliver residual assets.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 清算人は、前項各号に掲げる職務を行うために必要な一切の行為をすることができる。
art-688/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-688/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-688/par-2
The liquidator may perform any and all acts in order to perform the duties stated in the items of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 残余財産は、各組合員の出資の価額に応じて分割する。
art-688/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-688/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-688/par-3
Residual assets are distributed in proportion to the value of the contributions of each partner.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第十三節 終身定期金 — Section 13 Periodic Payment for Life
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-13 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-13 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-13
### 第六百八十九条（終身定期金契約） — (Contracts for Periodic Payment for Life)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-689 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-689 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-689
**第一項** 終身定期金契約は、当事者の一方が、自己、相手方又は第三者の死亡に至るまで、定期に金銭その他の物を相手方又は第三者に給付することを約することによって、その効力を生ずる。
art-689/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-689/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-689/par-1
Contracts for periodic payment for life become effective when one of the parties promises to pay monies or deliver other things to the other party or a third party periodically until the death of the first party, the other party or the third party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百九十条（終身定期金の計算） — (Computation of Periodic Payment for Life)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-690 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-690 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-690
**第一項** 終身定期金は、日割りで計算する。
art-690/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-690/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-690/par-1
Periodic payment for life is calculated on a daily basis.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百九十一条（終身定期金契約の解除） — (Cancellation of Contracts for Periodic Payment for Life)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-691 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-691 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-691
**第一項** 終身定期金債務者が終身定期金の元本を受領した場合において、その終身定期金の給付を怠り、又はその他の義務を履行しないときは、相手方は、元本の返還を請求することができる。この場合において、相手方は、既に受け取った終身定期金の中からその元本の利息を控除した残額を終身定期金債務者に返還しなければならない。
art-691/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-691/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-691/par-1
If the obligor in a periodic payment for life has received the principal for the periodic payment for life but fails to pay the periodic payment for life or fails to perform other obligations, the other party may demand the return of the principal. In these cases, the other party must return to the obligor of the periodic payment for life the amount of the periodic payment for life already received, after deducting the amount of the interest on that principal.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、損害賠償の請求を妨げない。
art-691/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-691/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-691/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not preclude claims for compensation for damage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百九十二条（終身定期金契約の解除と同時履行） — (Cancellation of Contracts for Periodic Payment for Life and Simultaneous Performance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-692 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-692 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-692
**第一項** 第五百三十三条の規定は、前条の場合について準用する。
art-692/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-692/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-692/par-1
The provisions of Article 533 apply mutatis mutandis to cases referred to in the preceding Article.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百九十三条（終身定期金債権の存続の宣告） — (Declaration of Continuation of Claim for Periodic Payment for Life)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-693 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-693 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-693
**第一項** 終身定期金債務者の責めに帰すべき事由によって第六百八十九条に規定する死亡が生じたときは、裁判所は、終身定期金債権者又はその相続人の請求により、終身定期金債権が相当の期間存続することを宣告することができる。
art-693/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-693/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-693/par-1
If a death provided for in Article 689 occurs due to grounds attributable to the obligor in a periodic payment for life, the court may, at the request of the obligee in the periodic payment for life or the obligee's heirs, pronounce that the periodic payment for life claim continues for a reasonable period of time.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、第六百九十一条の権利の行使を妨げない。
art-693/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-693/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-693/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not preclude the exercise of the rights provided in Article 691.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百九十四条（終身定期金の遺贈） — (Bequests of Periodic Payment for Life)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-694 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-694 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-694
**第一項** この節の規定は、終身定期金の遺贈について準用する。
art-694/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-694/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-694/par-1
The provisions of this Section apply mutatis mutandis to bequests of periodic payment for life.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第十四節 和解 — Section 14 Settlements
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-2/sec-14 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-14 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-14
### 第六百九十五条（和解） — (Settlements)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-695 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-695 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-695
**第一項** 和解は、当事者が互いに譲歩をしてその間に存する争いをやめることを約することによって、その効力を生ずる。
art-695/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-695/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-695/par-1
A settlement becomes effective when the parties to a dispute promise to settle the dispute through reciprocal concessions.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百九十六条（和解の効力） — (Effect of Settlements)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-696 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-696 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-696
**第一項** 当事者の一方が和解によって争いの目的である権利を有するものと認められ、又は相手方がこれを有しないものと認められた場合において、その当事者の一方が従来その権利を有していなかった旨の確証又は相手方がこれを有していた旨の確証が得られたときは、その権利は、和解によってその当事者の一方に移転し、又は消滅したものとする。
art-696/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-696/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-696/par-1
If it has been acknowledged in a settlement that one of the parties has the rights that are the subject of the dispute or that the other party did not have those rights, and conclusive evidence is then obtained indicating that the first party did not have those rights in the past or that the other party did have those rights, the rights are regarded as either having been transferred to the first party or extinguished in the settlement.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三章 事務管理 — Chapter III Benevolent Intervention in Another's Affairs
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-3
### 第六百九十七条（事務管理） — (Benevolent Intervention in Another's Affairs)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-697 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-697 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-697
**第一項** 義務なく他人のために事務の管理を始めた者（以下この章において「管理者」という。）は、その事務の性質に従い、最も本人の利益に適合する方法によって、その事務の管理（以下「事務管理」という。）をしなければならない。
art-697/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-697/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-697/par-1
A person that has begun to manage affairs for another person without being obligated to do so (in this Chapter referred to as a "manager" below) must manage that affairs, in accordance with the nature of the affairs, in the way that best suits the interests of the principal (referred to as "benevolent intervention in another's affairs" below).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 管理者は、本人の意思を知っているとき、又はこれを推知することができるときは、その意思に従って事務管理をしなければならない。
art-697/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-697/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-697/par-2
A manager must engage in benevolent intervention in another's affairs in accordance with the intentions of the principal if the manager knows, or is able to conjecture that intention.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百九十八条（緊急事務管理） — (Urgent Benevolent Intervention in Another's Affairs)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-698 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-698 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-698
**第一項** 管理者は、本人の身体、名誉又は財産に対する急迫の危害を免れさせるために事務管理をしたときは、悪意又は重大な過失があるのでなければ、これによって生じた損害を賠償する責任を負わない。
art-698/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-698/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-698/par-1
If a manager engages in benevolent intervention in another's affairs in order to allow a principal to escape imminent danger to the principal's person, reputation, or property, the manager is not liable to compensate for damage resulting from this unless the manager has acted in bad faith or with gross negligence.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六百九十九条（管理者の通知義務） — (Obligation of Managers to Give Notice)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-699 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-699 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-699
**第一項** 管理者は、事務管理を始めたことを遅滞なく本人に通知しなければならない。ただし、本人が既にこれを知っているときは、この限りでない。
art-699/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-699/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-699/par-1
A manager must notify the principal without delay that the manager has commenced benevolent intervention in the principal's affairs; provided, however, that this does not apply if the principal already knows of this.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百条（管理者による事務管理の継続） — (Continuation of Benevolent Intervention in Another's Affairs by Managers)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-700 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-700 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-700
**第一項** 管理者は、本人又はその相続人若しくは法定代理人が管理をすることができるに至るまで、事務管理を継続しなければならない。ただし、事務管理の継続が本人の意思に反し、又は本人に不利であることが明らかであるときは、この限りでない。
art-700/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-700/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-700/par-1
A manager must continue the benevolent intervention in another's affairs until the principal or their heir or legal representative is able to undertake it; provided, however, that this does not apply if it is evident that the continuation of the benevolent intervention in another's affairs is contrary to the intention of the principal, or is disadvantageous to the principal.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百一条（委任の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Mandates)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-701 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-701 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-701
**第一項** 第六百四十五条から第六百四十七条までの規定は、事務管理について準用する。
art-701/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-701/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-701/par-1
The provisions of Article 645 through Article 647 apply mutatis mutandis to the benevolent intervention in another's affairs.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百二条（管理者による費用の償還請求等） — (Managers' Claims for Reimbursement of Costs)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-702 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-702 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-702
**第一項** 管理者は、本人のために有益な費用を支出したときは、本人に対し、その償還を請求することができる。
art-702/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-702/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-702/par-1
If a manager has incurred beneficial expenses for a principal, the manager may claim reimbursement of those costs from the principal.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第六百五十条第二項の規定は、管理者が本人のために有益な債務を負担した場合について準用する。
art-702/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-702/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-702/par-2
The provisions of Article 650, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis if a manager has incurred beneficial obligations on behalf of the principal.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 管理者が本人の意思に反して事務管理をしたときは、本人が現に利益を受けている限度においてのみ、前二項の規定を適用する。
art-702/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-702/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-702/par-3
If a manager has engaged in the benevolent intervention in another's affairs against the intention of the principal, the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs apply, solely to the extent currently enriched.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四章 不当利得 — Chapter IV Unjust Enrichment
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-4
### 第七百三条（不当利得の返還義務） — (Obligation to Return Unjust Enrichment)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-703 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-703 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-703
**第一項** 法律上の原因なく他人の財産又は労務によって利益を受け、そのために他人に損失を及ぼした者（以下この章において「受益者」という。）は、その利益の存する限度において、これを返還する義務を負う。
art-703/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-703/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-703/par-1
A person that has benefited (in this Chapter referred to as "beneficiary" below) from the property or labor of another person without legal cause and has thereby caused a loss to another person bears the duty to return that benefit, to the extent the benefit exists.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百四条（悪意の受益者の返還義務等） — (Obligation of Beneficiaries in Bad Faith to Return)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-704 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-704 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-704
**第一項** 悪意の受益者は、その受けた利益に利息を付して返還しなければならない。この場合において、なお損害があるときは、その賠償の責任を負う。
art-704/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-704/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-704/par-1
A beneficiary in bad faith must return the benefit received together with interest thereon. In these cases, if any damage still remains, the beneficiary is liable to compensate for this.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百五条（債務の不存在を知ってした弁済） — (Performance Knowing of Absence of Obligation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-705 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-705 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-705
**第一項** 債務の弁済として給付をした者は、その時において債務の存在しないことを知っていたときは、その給付したものの返還を請求することができない。
art-705/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-705/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-705/par-1
A person that has paid money or delivered anything as performance of an obligation may not demand the return of the money paid or thing delivered if the person knew, at the time, that the obligation did not exist.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百六条（期限前の弁済） — (Performance Before Due Date)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-706 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-706 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-706
**第一項** 債務者は、弁済期にない債務の弁済として給付をしたときは、その給付したものの返還を請求することができない。ただし、債務者が錯誤によってその給付をしたときは、債権者は、これによって得た利益を返還しなければならない。
art-706/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-706/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-706/par-1
If an obligor has paid money or delivered anything as performance of an obligation that has not yet fallen due, the obligor may not demand the return of the money paid or thing delivered; provided, however, that if the obligor tendered anything by mistake, the obligee must return the benefit gained as a result.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百七条（他人の債務の弁済） — (Performance of Obligations of Others)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-707 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-707 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-707
**第一項** 債務者でない者が錯誤によって債務の弁済をした場合において、債権者が善意で証書を滅失させ若しくは損傷し、担保を放棄し、又は時効によってその債権を失ったときは、その弁済をした者は、返還の請求をすることができない。
art-707/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-707/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-707/par-1
If a person that is not an obligor has performed an obligation by mistake and the obligee, acting in good faith, has allowed the instrument to be lost, has damaged the instrument, has waived the security, or has lost the claim by prescription, the person performing the obligation may not demand the return of subject of the performance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、弁済をした者から債務者に対する求償権の行使を妨げない。
art-707/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-707/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-707/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not preclude the person performing an obligation from exercising the right to reimbursement against the obligor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百八条（不法原因給付） — (Denial of Claim for Return for Illegal Causes)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-708 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-708 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-708
**第一項** 不法な原因のために給付をした者は、その給付したものの返還を請求することができない。ただし、不法な原因が受益者についてのみ存したときは、この限りでない。
art-708/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-708/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-708/par-1
A person that has paid money or delivered a thing for an obligation for an illegal cause may not demand the return of the money paid or thing delivered; provided, however, that this does not apply if the illegal cause existed solely in relation to the beneficiary.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第五章 不法行為 — Chapter V Torts
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-3/ch-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-3/ch-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-5
### 第七百九条（不法行為による損害賠償） — (Compensation for Damage in Torts)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-709 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-709 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-709
**第一項** 故意又は過失によって他人の権利又は法律上保護される利益を侵害した者は、これによって生じた損害を賠償する責任を負う。
art-709/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-709/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-709/par-1
A person that has intentionally or negligently infringed the rights or legally protected interests of another person is liable to compensate for damage resulting in consequence.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百十条（財産以外の損害の賠償） — (Compensation for Damages Other Than of Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-710 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-710 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-710
**第一項** 他人の身体、自由若しくは名誉を侵害した場合又は他人の財産権を侵害した場合のいずれであるかを問わず、前条の規定により損害賠償の責任を負う者は、財産以外の損害に対しても、その賠償をしなければならない。
art-710/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-710/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-710/par-1
A person liable for compensation for damages pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article must also compensate for damage other than of property, regardless of whether that person infringed the body, liberty or reputation of another person, or infringed property rights of another person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百十一条（近親者に対する損害の賠償） — (Compensation for Damages to Close Relatives)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-711 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-711 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-711
**第一項** 他人の生命を侵害した者は、被害者の父母、配偶者及び子に対しては、その財産権が侵害されなかった場合においても、損害の賠償をしなければならない。
art-711/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-711/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-711/par-1
A person that has taken the life of another must compensate for damage to the father, mother, spouse, and children of the victim, even if the property rights of the same have not been infringed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百十二条（責任能力） — (Capacity for Liability)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-712 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-712 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-712
**第一項** 未成年者は、他人に損害を加えた場合において、自己の行為の責任を弁識するに足りる知能を備えていなかったときは、その行為について賠償の責任を負わない。
art-712/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-712/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-712/par-1
If a minor has inflicted damage on another person but did not have sufficient intellectual capacity to appreciate their own liability for that act, that minor is not liable to compensate for that act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百十三条
art-713 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-713 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-713
**第一項** 精神上の障害により自己の行為の責任を弁識する能力を欠く状態にある間に他人に損害を加えた者は、その賠償の責任を負わない。ただし、故意又は過失によって一時的にその状態を招いたときは、この限りでない。
art-713/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-713/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-713/par-1
A person who has inflicted damage on another person while in a condition wherein the person lacked the capacity to appreciate their own liability for their acts due to a mental disorder or disability is not liable to compensate for this; provided, however, that this does not apply if the person has temporarily caused that condition, intentionally or negligently.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百十四条（責任無能力者の監督義務者等の責任） — (Liability of Person Obligated to Supervise a Person Without Capacity to Assume Responsibility)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-714 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-714 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-714
**第一項** 前二条の規定により責任無能力者がその責任を負わない場合において、その責任無能力者を監督する法定の義務を負う者は、その責任無能力者が第三者に加えた損害を賠償する責任を負う。ただし、監督義務者がその義務を怠らなかったとき、又はその義務を怠らなくても損害が生ずべきであったときは、この限りでない。
art-714/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-714/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-714/par-1
When a person without capacity to assume responsibility is not liable pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two Articles, the person with the statutory obligation to supervise the person without capacity to assume responsibility is liable to damages that the person without capacity to assume responsibility has inflicted on a third party; provided, however, that this does not apply if the person who has the obligation to supervise has not failed to perform that person's obligation or if the damage could not have been avoided even if that person had not failed to perform that person's obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 監督義務者に代わって責任無能力者を監督する者も、前項の責任を負う。
art-714/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-714/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-714/par-2
A person who supervises a person without capacity assumes responsibility on behalf of the person who has the obligation to supervise also has the liability referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百十五条（使用者等の責任） — (Liability of Employers)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-715 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-715 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-715
**第一項** ある事業のために他人を使用する者は、被用者がその事業の執行について第三者に加えた損害を賠償する責任を負う。ただし、使用者が被用者の選任及びその事業の監督について相当の注意をしたとき、又は相当の注意をしても損害が生ずべきであったときは、この限りでない。
art-715/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-715/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-715/par-1
A person that employs another person for a business undertaking is liable to compensate for damage inflicted on a third party by that person's employees with respect to the execution of that business; provided, however, that this does not apply if the employer exercised reasonable care in appointing the employee or in supervising the business, or if the damage could not have been avoided even if the employer had exercised reasonable care.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 使用者に代わって事業を監督する者も、前項の責任を負う。
art-715/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-715/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-715/par-2
A person that supervises a business on behalf of the employer also has the liability referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定は、使用者又は監督者から被用者に対する求償権の行使を妨げない。
art-715/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-715/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-715/par-3
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not preclude the employer or supervisor from exercising their right to reimbursement against the employee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百十六条（注文者の責任） — (Liability of Party Ordering Work)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-716 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-716 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-716
**第一項** 注文者は、請負人がその仕事について第三者に加えた損害を賠償する責任を負わない。ただし、注文又は指図についてその注文者に過失があったときは、この限りでない。
art-716/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-716/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-716/par-1
A party ordering work is not liable to compensate for damage a contractor inflicted on a third party with respect to that work; provided, however, that this does not apply if the party ordering work is negligent with regards to the order or instructions.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百十七条（土地の工作物等の占有者及び所有者の責任） — (Liability of Possessor and Owner of Structure on Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-717 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-717 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-717
**第一項** 土地の工作物の設置又は保存に瑕疵があることによって他人に損害を生じたときは、その工作物の占有者は、被害者に対してその損害を賠償する責任を負う。ただし、占有者が損害の発生を防止するのに必要な注意をしたときは、所有者がその損害を賠償しなければならない。
art-717/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-717/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-717/par-1
If a defect in the installation or preservation of a structure on land causes damage to another person, the possessor of that structure is liable to the person incurring damage to compensate for the damage; provided, however, that if the possessor has exercised the necessary care to prevent the damage, the owner must compensate for the damage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、竹木の栽植又は支持に瑕疵がある場合について準用する。
art-717/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-717/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-717/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if there is a defect in the planting or supporting of bamboo or trees.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の場合において、損害の原因について他にその責任を負う者があるときは、占有者又は所有者は、その者に対して求償権を行使することができる。
art-717/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-717/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-717/par-3
In the cases referred to in the preceding two paragraphs, if there is another person that is liable for the cause of the damage, the possessor or owner may exercise their right to reimbursement against that person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百十八条（動物の占有者等の責任） — (Liability of Possessor of Animal)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-718 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-718 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-718
**第一項** 動物の占有者は、その動物が他人に加えた損害を賠償する責任を負う。ただし、動物の種類及び性質に従い相当の注意をもってその管理をしたときは、この限りでない。
art-718/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-718/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-718/par-1
A possessor of an animal is liable to compensate for damage that the animal inflicts on another person; provided, however, that this does not apply if the possessor managed the animal while exercising reasonable care according to the kind and nature of the animal.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 占有者に代わって動物を管理する者も、前項の責任を負う。
art-718/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-718/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-718/par-2
A person who manages an animal on behalf of a possessor also assumes the liability referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百十九条（共同不法行為者の責任） — (Liability of Joint Tortfeasors)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-719 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-719 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-719
**第一項** 数人が共同の不法行為によって他人に損害を加えたときは、各自が連帯してその損害を賠償する責任を負う。共同行為者のうちいずれの者がその損害を加えたかを知ることができないときも、同様とする。
art-719/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-719/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-719/par-1
If more than one person has inflicted damage on another person by a joint tort, each of them is jointly and severally liable to compensate for the damage. The same applies if it cannot be ascertained which of the joint tortfeasors inflicted the damage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 行為者を教唆した者及び幇助した者は、共同行為者とみなして、前項の規定を適用する。
art-719/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-719/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-719/par-2
A person who has abetted or aided a perpetrator is deemed to be a joint tortfeasor, and the provisions of the preceding paragraph apply.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百二十条（正当防衛及び緊急避難） — (Self-Defense and Necessity)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-720 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-720 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-720
**第一項** 他人の不法行為に対し、自己又は第三者の権利又は法律上保護される利益を防衛するため、やむを得ず加害行為をした者は、損害賠償の責任を負わない。ただし、被害者から不法行為をした者に対する損害賠償の請求を妨げない。
art-720/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-720/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-720/par-1
A person who is compelled to commit a harmful act to protect their own or third party's rights or legally protected interests in response to another person's tortious act is not liable for damages; provided, however, that this does not preclude a victim from filing a claim for damages against the person that committed the tort.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、他人の物から生じた急迫の危難を避けるためその物を損傷した場合について準用する。
art-720/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-720/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-720/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if the person in question damages a thing belonging to another person in order to avert an imminent danger arising from that thing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百二十一条（損害賠償請求権に関する胎児の権利能力） — (Fetus' Capacity to Hold Rights Regarding Claim for Damages)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-721 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-721 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-721
**第一項** 胎児は、損害賠償の請求権については、既に生まれたものとみなす。
art-721/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-721/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-721/par-1
An unborn child is deemed to have been already born with respect to the claim for damages.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百二十二条（損害賠償の方法、中間利息の控除及び過失相殺） — (Method to Compensate for Damage, Deduction of Interim Interest, and Comparative Negligence)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-722 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-722 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-722
**第一項** 第四百十七条及び第四百十七条の二の規定は、不法行為による損害賠償について準用する。
art-722/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-722/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-722/par-1
The provisions of Articles 417 and 417-2 apply mutatis mutandis to compensation for damages caused by tort.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 被害者に過失があったときは、裁判所は、これを考慮して、損害賠償の額を定めることができる。
art-722/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-722/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-722/par-2
If a victim is negligent, the court may determine the amount of damages by taking that into consideration.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百二十三条（名誉毀損における原状回復） — (Recovery in Defamation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-723 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-723 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-723
**第一項** 他人の名誉を毀損した者に対しては、裁判所は、被害者の請求により、損害賠償に代えて、又は損害賠償とともに、名誉を回復するのに適当な処分を命ずることができる。
art-723/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-723/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-723/par-1
The court may order a person that has defamed another person to take appropriate measures to restore the reputation of the victim in lieu of or in addition to compensation for damages, at the request of the victim.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百二十四条（不法行為による損害賠償請求権の消滅時効） — (Extinctive Prescription of Claim for Damages Caused by Tort)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-724 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-724 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-724
**第一項** 不法行為による損害賠償の請求権は、次に掲げる場合には、時効によって消滅する。
art-724/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-724/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-724/par-1
In the following cases, the claim for damages caused by tort is extinguished by prescription:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 被害者又はその法定代理人が損害及び加害者を知った時から三年間行使しないとき。
art-724/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-724/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-724/par-1/item-1
the right is not exercised within three years from the time when the victim or their legal representative comes to know the damage and the identity of the perpetrator; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 不法行為の時から二十年間行使しないとき。
art-724/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-724/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-724/par-1/item-2
the right is not exercised within 20 years from the time of the tort.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百二十四条の二（人の生命又は身体を害する不法行為による損害賠償請求権の消滅時効） — (Extinctive Prescription of Claim for Damages Arising from Death to Person or Injury to Person Caused by Tort)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-724-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-724-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-724-2
**第一項** 人の生命又は身体を害する不法行為による損害賠償請求権の消滅時効についての前条第一号の規定の適用については、同号中「三年間」とあるのは、「五年間」とする。
art-724-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-724-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-724-2/par-1
For the purpose of the application of the provisions of item (i) of the preceding Article with regard to the extinctive prescription of the claim for damages for death or injury to person caused by tort, the term "three years" in the same item is deemed to be replaced with "five years".
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四編 親族 — Part IV Relatives
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4
## 第一章 総則 — Chapter I General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-1
### 第七百二十五条（親族の範囲） — (Range of Relatives)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-725 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-725 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-725
**第一項** 次に掲げる者は、親族とする。
art-725/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-725/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-725/par-1
The following persons are relatives:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 六親等内の血族
art-725/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-725/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-725/par-1/item-1
blood relatives of up to the sixth degree;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 配偶者
art-725/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-725/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-725/par-1/item-2
spouses; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 三親等内の姻族
art-725/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-725/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-725/par-1/item-3
relatives by affinity of up to the third degree.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百二十六条（親等の計算） — (Determining Degrees of Kinship)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-726 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-726 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-726
**第一項** 親等は、親族間の世代数を数えて、これを定める。
art-726/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-726/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-726/par-1
The degree of kinship between two relatives is determined by counting the number of generations between them.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 傍系親族の親等を定めるには、その一人又はその配偶者から同一の祖先にさかのぼり、その祖先から他の一人に下るまでの世代数による。
art-726/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-726/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-726/par-2
The degree of kinship between collateral relatives is determined by the number of generations between a person or that person's spouse and the common ancestor shared with another person, plus the number of generations back down to that other person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百二十七条（縁組による親族関係の発生） — (Kinship through Adoption)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-727 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-727 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-727
**第一項** 養子と養親及びその血族との間においては、養子縁組の日から、血族間におけるのと同一の親族関係を生ずる。
art-727/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-727/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-727/par-1
From the time of adoption, the kinship between the adopted child and the adoptive parent (and the blood relatives of the adoptive parent) is the same as that of blood relatives.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百二十八条（離婚等による姻族関係の終了） — (Termination of Relationships of Affinity upon Divorce)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-728 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-728 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-728
**第一項** 姻族関係は、離婚によって終了する。
art-728/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-728/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-728/par-1
Relationships of affinity are terminated by divorce.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 夫婦の一方が死亡した場合において、生存配偶者が姻族関係を終了させる意思を表示したときも、前項と同様とする。
art-728/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-728/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-728/par-2
The preceding paragraph also applies if one party to a marriage dies and the surviving spouse manifests the intention to terminate the relationships of affinity.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百二十九条（離縁による親族関係の終了） — (Termination of Kinship upon Dissolution of Adoptive Relationship)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-729 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-729 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-729
**第一項** 養子及びその配偶者並びに養子の直系卑属及びその配偶者と養親及びその血族との親族関係は、離縁によって終了する。
art-729/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-729/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-729/par-1
The kinship of an adopted child and the spouse thereof, as well as the kinship of the adopted child's lineal descendants and their spouses, to the adoptive parent and the blood relatives thereof, is terminated by the dissolution of the adoptive relationship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百三十条（親族間の扶け合い） — (Help Among Relatives)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-730 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-730 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-730
**第一項** 直系血族及び同居の親族は、互いに扶け合わなければならない。
art-730/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-730/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-730/par-1
Lineal blood relatives and cohabiting relatives must act so as to help one another.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二章 婚姻 — Chapter II Marriage
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-2
## 第一節 婚姻の成立 — Section 1 Formation of a Marriage
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-2/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-2/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-2/sec-1
## 第一款 婚姻の要件 — Subsection 1 Requirements for Marriage
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-1
### 第七百三十一条（婚姻適齢） — (Marriageable Age)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-731 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-731 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-731
**第一項** 婚姻は、十八歳にならなければ、することができない。
art-731/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-731/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-731/par-1
Marriage may not be entered into until a person has reached the age of 18.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百三十二条（重婚の禁止） — (Prohibition of Bigamy)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-732 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-732 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-732
**第一項** 配偶者のある者は、重ねて婚姻をすることができない。
art-732/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-732/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-732/par-1
A person who has a spouse may not enter into another marriage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百三十三条 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-733 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-733 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-733
**第一項** 削除
art-733/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-733/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-733/par-1
no English for this paragraph
### 第七百三十四条（近親者間の婚姻の禁止） — (Prohibition of Marriage between Close Relatives)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-734 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-734 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-734
**第一項** 直系血族又は三親等内の傍系血族の間では、婚姻をすることができない。ただし、養子と養方の傍系血族との間では、この限りでない。
art-734/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-734/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-734/par-1
Lineal blood relatives may not marry, nor may collateral blood relatives of up to the third degree of kinship; provided, however that this does not apply with respect to a marriage between an adopted child and a collateral blood relative through adoption.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第八百十七条の九の規定により親族関係が終了した後も、前項と同様とする。
art-734/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-734/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-734/par-2
The preceding paragraph also applies after kinship is terminated pursuant to the provisions of Article 817-9.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百三十五条（直系姻族間の婚姻の禁止） — (Prohibition of Marriage between Lineal Relatives by Affinity)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-735 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-735 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-735
**第一項** 直系姻族の間では、婚姻をすることができない。第七百二十八条又は第八百十七条の九の規定により姻族関係が終了した後も、同様とする。
art-735/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-735/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-735/par-1
Lineal relatives by affinity may not marry. This also applies after relationships of affinity are terminated pursuant to the provisions of Article 728 or Article 817-9.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百三十六条（養親子等の間の婚姻の禁止） — (Prohibition of Marriage between Adoptive Parent and Child)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-736 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-736 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-736
**第一項** 養子若しくはその配偶者又は養子の直系卑属若しくはその配偶者と養親又はその直系尊属との間では、第七百二十九条の規定により親族関係が終了した後でも、婚姻をすることができない。
art-736/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-736/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-736/par-1
Even after the termination of kinship pursuant to the provisions of Article 729, marriage is not permissible between the adopted child, the spouse thereof, the lineal descendant of the adopted child, or the spouse thereof, and the adoptive parent or lineal ascendant thereof.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百三十七条 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-737 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-737 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-737
**第一項** 削除
art-737/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-737/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-737/par-1
no English for this paragraph
### 第七百三十八条（成年被後見人の婚姻） — (Marriage of an Adult Ward)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-738 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-738 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-738
**第一項** 成年被後見人が婚姻をするには、その成年後見人の同意を要しない。
art-738/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-738/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-738/par-1
An adult ward does not need the consent of a guardian in order to marry.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百三十九条（婚姻の届出） — (Application to Register a Marriage)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-739 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-739 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-739
**第一項** 婚姻は、戸籍法（昭和二十二年法律第二百二十四号）の定めるところにより届け出ることによって、その効力を生ずる。
art-739/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-739/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-739/par-1
A marriage becomes valid when an application to register the marriage is filed pursuant to the Family Register Act (Act No. 224 of 1947).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の届出は、当事者双方及び成年の証人二人以上が署名した書面で、又はこれらの者から口頭で、しなければならない。
art-739/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-739/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-739/par-2
The application referred to in the preceding paragraph must be filed using a paper document bearing the signatures of both parties and no fewer than two adult witnesses, or must be filed orally by these persons.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百四十条（婚姻の届出の受理） — (Acceptance of Application to Register a Marriage)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-740 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-740 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-740
**第一項** 婚姻の届出は、その婚姻が第七百三十一条、第七百三十二条、第七百三十四条から第七百三十六条まで及び前条第二項の規定その他の法令の規定に違反しないことを認めた後でなければ、受理することができない。
art-740/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-740/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-740/par-1
It is not permissible to accept an application to register a marriage until the marriage has been found not to violate the provisions of Article 731, Article 732, and Article 734 through Article 736, the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, or the provisions of any other law or regulation.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百四十一条（外国に在る日本人間の婚姻の方式） — (Marriage between Japanese Nationals in a Foreign Country)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-741 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-741 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-741
**第一項** 外国に在る日本人間で婚姻をしようとするときは、その国に駐在する日本の大使、公使又は領事にその届出をすることができる。この場合においては、前二条の規定を準用する。
art-741/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-741/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-741/par-1
If two Japanese nationals in a foreign country seek to marry, they may file an application to register their marriage with the Japanese Ambassador, Minister of the Japanese Embassy, or Consul stationed in that country. The provisions of the preceding two Articles apply mutatis mutandis in such a case.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二款 婚姻の無効及び取消し — Subsection 2 Nullity and Cancellation of Marriages
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-2
### 第七百四十二条（婚姻の無効） — (Nullity of Marriage)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-742 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-742 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-742
**第一項** 婚姻は、次に掲げる場合に限り、無効とする。
art-742/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-742/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-742/par-1
A marriage is void only in one of the following cases:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 人違いその他の事由によって当事者間に婚姻をする意思がないとき。
art-742/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-742/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-742/par-1/item-1
if the parties did not have the mutual intention to enter into a marriage due to a party being mistaken as to the identity of the other or any other such cause; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 当事者が婚姻の届出をしないとき。ただし、その届出が第七百三十九条第二項に定める方式を欠くだけであるときは、婚姻は、そのためにその効力を妨げられない。
art-742/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-742/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-742/par-1/item-2
if the parties have failed to file an application to register the marriage; provided, however, that if the application to register merely lacks a formality prescribed in Article 739, paragraph (2), this does not impair the validity of the marriage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百四十三条（婚姻の取消し） — (Cancellation of a Marriage)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-743 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-743 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-743
**第一項** 婚姻は、次条、第七百四十五条及び第七百四十七条の規定によらなければ、取り消すことができない。
art-743/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-743/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-743/par-1
A marriage may not be canceled other than pursuant to the provisions of the following Article, Article 745, and Article 747.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百四十四条（不適法な婚姻の取消し） — (Cancellation of an Unlawful Marriage)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-744 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-744 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-744
**第一項** 第七百三十一条、第七百三十二条及び第七百三十四条から第七百三十六条までの規定に違反した婚姻は、各当事者、その親族又は検察官から、その取消しを家庭裁判所に請求することができる。ただし、検察官は、当事者の一方が死亡した後は、これを請求することができない。
art-744/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-744/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-744/par-1
Either of the parties, their relatives, or the public prosecutor may request the family court to cancel the marriage if it violates any provision of Article 731, Article 732, or Article 734 through Article 736; provided, however, that the public prosecutor may not request this after the death of one of the parties.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 第七百三十二条の規定に違反した婚姻については、前婚の配偶者も、その取消しを請求することができる。
art-744/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-744/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-744/par-2
With regard to a marriage that violates the provisions of Article 732, the spouse in the previous marriage may also request that the marriage be canceled.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百四十五条（不適齢者の婚姻の取消し） — (Cancellation of the Marriage of a Person Not of Marriageable Age)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-745 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-745 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-745
**第一項** 第七百三十一条の規定に違反した婚姻は、不適齢者が適齢に達したときは、その取消しを請求することができない。
art-745/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-745/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-745/par-1
It is not permissible to request that a marriage violating the provisions of Article 731 be canceled once the person that was not of marriageable age reaches marriageable age.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 不適齢者は、適齢に達した後、なお三箇月間は、その婚姻の取消しを請求することができる。ただし、適齢に達した後に追認をしたときは、この限りでない。
art-745/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-745/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-745/par-2
A person formerly not of marriageable age may request that the person's own marriage be canceled within a further period of three months after reaching marriageable age; provided, however, that this does not apply if the person ratifies the marriage after reaching marriageable age.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百四十六条 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-746 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-746 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-746
**第一項** 削除
art-746/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-746/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-746/par-1
no English for this paragraph
### 第七百四十七条（詐欺又は強迫による婚姻の取消し） — (Cancellation of a Marriage Resulting from Fraud or Duress)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-747 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-747 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-747
**第一項** 詐欺又は強迫によって婚姻をした者は、その婚姻の取消しを家庭裁判所に請求することができる。
art-747/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-747/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-747/par-1
A person who has married due to fraud or duress may request the family court to cancel the marriage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定による取消権は、当事者が、詐欺を発見し、若しくは強迫を免れた後三箇月を経過し、又は追認をしたときは、消滅する。
art-747/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-747/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-747/par-2
The right to cancel a marriage as under the preceding paragraph expires if, after discovering the fraud or escaping from the duress, the party allows three months to pass or ratifies the marriage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百四十八条（婚姻の取消しの効力） — (Effect of Cancellation of a Marriage)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-748 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-748 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-748
**第一項** 婚姻の取消しは、将来に向かってのみその効力を生ずる。
art-748/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-748/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-748/par-1
The cancellation of a marriage has only prospective effect.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 婚姻の時においてその取消しの原因があることを知らなかった当事者が、婚姻によって財産を得たときは、現に利益を受けている限度において、その返還をしなければならない。
art-748/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-748/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-748/par-2
A party who did not know of the grounds to cancel at the time of marriage must make restitution for property gained as a result of the marriage, to the extent of the benefit that that party retains.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 婚姻の時においてその取消しの原因があることを知っていた当事者は、婚姻によって得た利益の全部を返還しなければならない。この場合において、相手方が善意であったときは、これに対して損害を賠償する責任を負う。
art-748/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-748/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-748/par-3
A party who had knowledge of the grounds to cancel at the time of marriage must make restitution for all benefits obtained as a result of the marriage. In such a case, the party with knowledge is liable to compensate the other party for damage if the other party entered into the marriage in good faith.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百四十九条（離婚の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Divorce Provisions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-749 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-749 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-749
**第一項** 第七百二十八条第一項、第七百六十六条から第七百六十九条まで、第七百九十条第一項ただし書並びに第八百十九条第二項、第三項及び第五項から第七項までの規定は、婚姻の取消しについて準用する。
art-749/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-749/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-749/par-1
The provisions of Article 728, paragraph (1); Article 766 through Article 769; the proviso to Article 790, paragraph (1); and Article 819, paragraphs (2), (3), and (5) through (7) apply mutatis mutandis to the cancellation of a marriage.
machine translation, not official
## 第二節 婚姻の効力 — Section 2 Legal Effect of Marriage
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-2/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-2/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-2/sec-2
### 第七百五十条（夫婦の氏） — (Surname of Husband and Wife)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-750 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-750 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-750
**第一項** 夫婦は、婚姻の際に定めるところに従い、夫又は妻の氏を称する。
art-750/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-750/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-750/par-1
A husband and wife take the surname of either the husband or the wife, as decided at the time of marriage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百五十一条（生存配偶者の復氏等） — (Surviving Spouse Reverting to Previous Surname)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-751 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-751 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-751
**第一項** 夫婦の一方が死亡したときは、生存配偶者は、婚姻前の氏に復することができる。
art-751/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-751/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-751/par-1
If one party to a marriage dies, the surviving spouse may revert to the surname used before the marriage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第七百六十九条の規定は、前項及び第七百二十八条第二項の場合について準用する。
art-751/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-751/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-751/par-2
The provisions of Article 769 apply mutatis mutandis to a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph or Article 728, paragraph (2).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百五十二条（同居、協力及び扶助の義務） — (Duty to Live Together, Cooperate, and Be of Assistance to Each Other)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-752 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-752 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-752
**第一項** 夫婦は同居し、互いに協力し扶助しなければならない。
art-752/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-752/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-752/par-1
A husband and wife must live together, cooperate with each other, and act so as to be of assistance to each other.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百五十三条から第七百五十四条まで 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-753-to-754 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-753-to-754 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-753-to-754
**第一項** 削除
art-753-to-754/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-753-to-754/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-753-to-754/par-1
no English for this paragraph
## 第三節 夫婦財産制 — Section 3 Marital Property Systems
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-2/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-2/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-2/sec-3
## 第一款 総則 — Subsection 1 General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-1
### 第七百五十五条（夫婦の財産関係） — (Property Relations of Husband and Wife)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-755 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-755 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-755
**第一項** 夫婦が、婚姻の届出前に、その財産について別段の契約をしなかったときは、その財産関係は、次款に定めるところによる。
art-755/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-755/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-755/par-1
Unless husband and wife enter into an agreement setting forth otherwise with regard to their property before filing the application to register the marriage, their property relations are as prescribed in the following subsection.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百五十六条（夫婦財産契約の対抗要件） — (Requirement for the Perfection of Prenuptial Property Agreement)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-756 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-756 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-756
**第一項** 夫婦が法定財産制と異なる契約をしたときは、婚姻の届出までにその登記をしなければ、これを夫婦の承継人及び第三者に対抗することができない。
art-756/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-756/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-756/par-1
If a husband and wife have entered into an agreement that departs from the statutory property system, the agreement may not be asserted against the successor in title of the husband or wife or against a third party unless it is registered by the time that the application to register the marriage is filed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百五十七条 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-757 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-757 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-757
**第一項** 削除
art-757/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-757/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-757/par-1
Deleted
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百五十八条（夫婦の財産関係の変更の制限等） — (Restrictions on Modification of Property Relations of a Husband and Wife)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-758 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-758 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-758
**第一項** 夫婦の財産関係は、婚姻の届出後は、変更することができない。
art-758/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-758/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-758/par-1
The property relations of a husband and wife may not be modified after registration of their marriage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 夫婦の一方が、他の一方の財産を管理する場合において、管理が失当であったことによってその財産を危うくしたときは、他の一方は、自らその管理をすることを家庭裁判所に請求することができる。
art-758/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-758/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-758/par-2
If one party to a marriage manages the property of the other and imperils that property through mismanagement, the other party may file a request with the family court to personally manage that property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 共有財産については、前項の請求とともに、その分割を請求することができる。
art-758/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-758/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-758/par-3
A claim may be filed for the division of property held in coownership together with the claim referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百五十九条（財産の管理者の変更及び共有財産の分割の対抗要件） — (Requirements for the Perfection of a Change in the Person Managing the Property or the Division of Property Held in Coownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-759 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-759 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-759
**第一項** 前条の規定又は第七百五十五条の契約の結果により、財産の管理者を変更し、又は共有財産の分割をしたときは、その登記をしなければ、これを夫婦の承継人及び第三者に対抗することができない。
art-759/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-759/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-759/par-1
If the person managing the property changes or property held in co-ownership is divided pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article or as a result of the agreement referred to in Article 755, this may not be asserted against the successor in title of the husband or wife or against a third party unless it is registered.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二款 法定財産制 — Subsection 2 Statutory Marital Property System
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-2
### 第七百六十条（婚姻費用の分担） — (Sharing of Living Expenses)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-760 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-760 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-760
**第一項** 夫婦は、その資産、収入その他一切の事情を考慮して、婚姻から生ずる費用を分担する。
art-760/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-760/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-760/par-1
A husband and wife share the expenses that arise from their marriage, in consideration of their assets, income, and all other circumstances.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百六十一条（日常の家事に関する債務の連帯責任） — (Joint and Several Liability for Debts Incurred for Household Necessities)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-761 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-761 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-761
**第一項** 夫婦の一方が日常の家事に関して第三者と法律行為をしたときは、他の一方は、これによって生じた債務について、連帯してその責任を負う。ただし、第三者に対し責任を負わない旨を予告した場合は、この限りでない。
art-761/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-761/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-761/par-1
When one party to a marriage performs a juridical act with a third party in respect of a household necessity, the other party to the marriage is jointly and severally liable for the debt arising from that act; provided, however, that this does not apply if advance notice is given to the third party indicating that the other party to the marriage will not bear such liability.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百六十二条（夫婦間における財産の帰属） — (Vesting of Property in the Husband and Wife)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-762 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-762 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-762
**第一項** 夫婦の一方が婚姻前から有する財産及び婚姻中自己の名で得た財産は、その特有財産（夫婦の一方が単独で有する財産をいう。）とする。
art-762/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-762/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-762/par-1
Property owned by one party before marriage and property obtained in the name of that party during the marriage is separate property (meaning property that one party to a marriage owns independently of the other party).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 夫婦のいずれに属するか明らかでない財産は、その共有に属するものと推定する。
art-762/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-762/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-762/par-2
Property that does not clearly belong to either husband or wife is presumed to be held in coownership.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四節 離婚 — Section 4 Divorce
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-2/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-2/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-2/sec-4
## 第一款 協議上の離婚 — Subsection 1 Divorce by Agreement
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-2/sec-4/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-2/sec-4/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-2/sec-4/subsec-1
### 第七百六十三条（協議上の離婚） — (Divorce by Agreement)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-763 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-763 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-763
**第一項** 夫婦は、その協議で、離婚をすることができる。
art-763/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-763/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-763/par-1
A husband and wife may divorce by agreement.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百六十四条（婚姻の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Marriage Provisions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-764 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-764 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-764
**第一項** 第七百三十八条、第七百三十九条及び第七百四十七条の規定は、協議上の離婚について準用する。
art-764/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-764/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-764/par-1
The provisions of Articles 738, 739, and 747 apply mutatis mutandis to a divorce by agreement.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百六十五条（離婚の届出の受理） — (Acceptance of Application to Register a Divorce)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-765 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-765 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-765
**第一項** 離婚の届出は、その離婚が前条において準用する第七百三十九条第二項の規定その他の法令の規定に違反しないこと及び夫婦間に成年に達しない子がある場合には次の各号のいずれかに該当することを認めた後でなければ、受理することができない。
art-765/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-765/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-765/par-1
It is not permissible to accept an application to register a divorce until the divorce has been found not to violate the provisions of Article 739, paragraph (2) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding Article or the provisions of any other law or regulation, and, if there is a child between the husband and wife who has not attained the age of majority, to fall under any of the following items.
machine translation, not official
**一** 親権者の定めがされていること。
art-765/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-765/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-765/par-1/item-1
the person with parental authority has been determined;
machine translation, not official
**二** 親権者の指定を求める家事審判又は家事調停の申立てがされていること。
art-765/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-765/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-765/par-1/item-2
a petition for a domestic relations ruling or domestic relations conciliation seeking the designation of the person with parental authority has been filed.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 離婚の届出が前項の規定に違反して受理されたときであっても、離婚は、そのためにその効力を妨げられない。
art-765/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-765/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-765/par-2
Even if an application to register a divorce is accepted in violation of the provisions of the preceding paragraph, this does not impair the validity of the divorce.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百六十六条（離婚後の子の監護に関する事項の定め等） — (Determining Issues of Child Custody Following Divorce)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-766 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-766 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766
**第一項** 父母が協議上の離婚をするときは、子の監護をすべき者又は子の監護の分掌、父又は母と子との交流、子の監護に要する費用の分担その他の子の監護について必要な事項は、その協議で定める。この場合においては、子の利益を最も優先して考慮しなければならない。
art-766/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-766/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766/par-1
If parents divorce by agreement, the issues that need to be determined in connection with child custody, such as who will have custody over the child or the allocation of custody of the child, contact between the father or mother and the child, and the sharing of expenses that custody of the child requires, are determined in that agreement. The child's interests must be given the highest priority in the consideration of these issues, in such a case.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項の協議が調わないとき、又は協議をすることができないときは、家庭裁判所が、同項の事項を定める。
art-766/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-766/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766/par-2
If the agreement referred to in the preceding paragraph is not reached or if discussions toward such an agreement cannot be held, the issues referred to in the preceding paragraph are determined by the family court.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 家庭裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、前二項の規定による定めを変更し、その他子の監護について相当な処分を命ずることができる。
art-766/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-766/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766/par-3
The family court may change a determination under the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs and order any other proper disposition regarding child custody if it finds this to be necessary.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前三項の規定によっては、監護の範囲外では、父母の権利義務に変更を生じない。
art-766/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-766/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766/par-4
Parental rights and duties beyond the scope of custody are not altered by the provisions of the preceding three paragraphs.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百六十六条の二（審判による父母以外の親族と子との交流の定め） — Determination of Contact between a Child and Relatives Other Than the Parents by Ruling
caption: machine translation, not official
art-766-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-766-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766-2
**第一項** 家庭裁判所は、前条第二項又は第三項の場合において、子の利益のため特に必要があると認めるときは、同条第一項に規定する子の監護について必要な事項として父母以外の親族と子との交流を実施する旨を定めることができる。
art-766-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-766-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766-2/par-1
In the cases referred to in paragraph (2) or paragraph (3) of the preceding Article, if the family court finds it particularly necessary for the interests of the child, it may determine that contact between the child and relatives other than the parents is to take place, as an issue that needs to be determined in connection with child custody prescribed in paragraph (1) of that Article.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項の定めについての前条第二項又は第三項の規定による審判の請求は、次に掲げる者（第二号に掲げる者にあっては、その者と子との交流についての定めをするため他に適当な方法がないときに限る。）がすることができる。
art-766-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-766-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766-2/par-2
A request for a ruling under paragraph (2) or paragraph (3) of the preceding Article regarding the determination referred to in the preceding paragraph may be made by the following persons (in the case of the person listed in item (ii), only where there is no other appropriate method for making a determination on contact between that person and the child):
machine translation, not official
**一** 父母
art-766-2/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-766-2/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766-2/par-2/item-1
the parents;
machine translation, not official
**二** 父母以外の子の親族（子の直系尊属及び兄弟姉妹以外の者にあっては、過去に当該子を監護していた者に限る。）
art-766-2/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-766-2/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766-2/par-2/item-2
relatives of the child other than the parents (in the case of persons other than the child's lineal ascendants and siblings, limited to those who have previously had custody of the child)
machine translation, not official
### 第七百六十六条の三（子の監護に要する費用の分担の定めがない場合の特例） — Special Provisions Where There Is No Determination on the Sharing of Expenses Required for Child Custody
caption: machine translation, not official
art-766-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-766-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766-3
**第一項** 父母が子の監護に要する費用の分担についての定めをすることなく協議上の離婚をした場合には、父母の一方であって離婚の時から引き続きその子の監護を主として行うものは、他の一方に対し、離婚の日から、次に掲げる日のいずれか早い日までの間、毎月末に、その子の監護に要する費用の分担として、父母の扶養を受けるべき子の最低限度の生活の維持に要する標準的な費用の額その他の事情を勘案して子の数に応じて法務省令で定めるところにより算定した額の支払を請求することができる。ただし、当該他の一方は、支払能力を欠くためにその支払をすることができないこと又はその支払をすることによってその生活が著しく窮迫することを証明したときは、その全部又は一部の支払を拒むことができる。
art-766-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-766-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766-3/par-1
If the parents divorce by agreement without having made a determination on the sharing of expenses required for the custody of the child, the one of the parents who has continuously been primarily responsible for the custody of the child since the time of the divorce may, from the date of the divorce until the earliest of the following dates, demand of the other parent, at the end of each month, payment, as the sharing of expenses required for the custody of the child, of an amount calculated in accordance with a Ministry of Justice Order according to the number of children, taking into consideration the standard amount of expenses required to maintain the minimum standard of living of a child who is to be supported by the parents and other circumstances; provided, however, that the other parent may refuse to pay all or part of that amount upon proving that he or she is unable to pay it for lack of ability to pay or that his or her livelihood would be seriously impoverished by paying it.
machine translation, not official
**一** 父母がその協議により子の監護に要する費用の分担についての定めをした日
art-766-3/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-766-3/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766-3/par-1/item-1
the date on which the parents made, by agreement, a determination on the sharing of expenses required for the custody of the child;
machine translation, not official
**二** 子の監護に要する費用の分担についての審判が確定した日
art-766-3/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-766-3/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766-3/par-1/item-2
the date on which a ruling on the sharing of expenses required for the custody of the child becomes final and binding;
machine translation, not official
**三** 子が成年に達した日
art-766-3/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-766-3/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766-3/par-1/item-3
the date on which the child attains the age of majority.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 離婚の日の属する月又は前項各号に掲げる日のいずれか早い日の属する月における同項の額は、法務省令で定めるところにより日割りで計算する。
art-766-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-766-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766-3/par-2
The amount referred to in the preceding paragraph for the month containing the date of the divorce or the month containing the earliest of the dates set forth in the items of that paragraph is calculated on a daily basis, as provided by Ministry of Justice Order.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 家庭裁判所は、第七百六十六条第二項又は第三項の規定により子の監護に要する費用の分担についての定めをし又はその定めを変更する場合には、第一項の規定による債務を負う他の一方の支払能力を考慮して、当該債務の全部若しくは一部の免除又は支払の猶予その他相当な処分を命ずることができる。
art-766-3/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-766-3/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766-3/par-3
When the family court makes or changes a determination on the sharing of expenses required for the custody of the child pursuant to the provisions of Article 766, paragraph (2) or (3), it may, taking into consideration the ability to pay of the other parent who bears the obligation under the provisions of paragraph (1), order the exemption of all or part of that obligation, a deferment of payment, or any other proper disposition.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百六十七条（離婚による復氏等） — (Reversion to Previous Surname upon Divorce)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-767 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-767 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-767
**第一項** 婚姻によって氏を改めた夫又は妻は、協議上の離婚によって婚姻前の氏に復する。
art-767/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-767/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-767/par-1
The surname of the husband or wife who changed surnames upon marriage reverts to the surname used before marriage upon divorce by agreement.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定により婚姻前の氏に復した夫又は妻は、離婚の日から三箇月以内に戸籍法の定めるところにより届け出ることによって、離婚の際に称していた氏を称することができる。
art-767/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-767/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-767/par-2
The husband or wife whose surname has reverted to the surname used before marriage pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph may take the surname used at the time of divorce by filing a registration pursuant to the Family Register Act within three months of the day of divorce.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百六十八条（財産分与） — (Division of Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-768 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-768 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-768
**第一項** 協議上の離婚をした者の一方は、相手方に対して財産の分与を請求することができる。
art-768/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-768/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-768/par-1
One party to a divorce by agreement may ask the other party to effectuate a division of property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定による財産の分与について、当事者間に協議が調わないとき、又は協議をすることができないときは、当事者は、家庭裁判所に対して協議に代わる処分を請求することができる。ただし、離婚の時から五年を経過したときは、この限りでない。
art-768/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-768/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-768/par-2
If no agreement between the parties is reached with respect to the division of property under the preceding paragraph or if discussions toward such an agreement cannot be held, either party may file a request with the family court for a disposition in lieu of such an agreement; provided, however, that this does not apply once five years have passed since the time of divorce.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 前項の場合には、家庭裁判所は、離婚後の当事者間の財産上の衡平を図るため、当事者双方がその婚姻中に取得し、又は維持した財産の額及びその取得又は維持についての各当事者の寄与の程度、婚姻の期間、婚姻中の生活水準、婚姻中の協力及び扶助の状況、各当事者の年齢、心身の状況、職業及び収入その他一切の事情を考慮して、分与をさせるべきかどうか並びに分与の額及び方法を定める。この場合において、婚姻中の財産の取得又は維持についての各当事者の寄与の程度は、その程度が異なることが明らかでないときは、相等しいものとする。
art-768/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-768/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-768/par-3
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the family court determines whether a division is to be made and the amount and method of the division, taking into consideration the amount of property acquired or maintained by both parties during the marriage and the degree of each party's contribution to its acquisition or maintenance, the duration of the marriage, the standard of living during the marriage, the state of cooperation and assistance during the marriage, the age, physical and mental condition, occupation and income of each party, and all other circumstances, in order to achieve equity in the property of the parties following the divorce. In this case, the degree of each party's contribution to the acquisition or maintenance of property during the marriage is to be equal if it is not clear that the degrees differ.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百六十九条（離婚による復氏の際の権利の承継） — (Succession of Rights after Reversion to Previous Surname upon Divorce)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-769 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-769 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-769
**第一項** 婚姻によって氏を改めた夫又は妻が、第八百九十七条第一項の権利を承継した後、協議上の離婚をしたときは、当事者その他の関係人の協議で、その権利を承継すべき者を定めなければならない。
art-769/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-769/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-769/par-1
If the husband or wife who changed surnames upon marriage becomes party to a divorce by agreement after succeeding to rights as referred to in Article 897, paragraph (1), the matter of who succeeds to those rights must be determined through the agreement of the parties and any other interested persons.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の協議が調わないとき、又は協議をすることができないときは、同項の権利を承継すべき者は、家庭裁判所がこれを定める。
art-769/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-769/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-769/par-2
If the agreement referred to in the preceding paragraph is not reached or if discussions toward such an agreement cannot be held, the family court determines who succeeds to the rights referred to in that paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二款 裁判上の離婚 — Subsection 2 Judicial Divorce
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-2/sec-4/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-2/sec-4/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-2/sec-4/subsec-2
### 第七百七十条（裁判上の離婚） — (Judicial Divorce)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-770 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-770 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-770
**第一項** 夫婦の一方は、次に掲げる場合に限り、離婚の訴えを提起することができる。
art-770/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-770/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-770/par-1
One party to a marriage may independently initiate an action for divorce only in one of the following cases:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 配偶者に不貞な行為があったとき。
art-770/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-770/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-770/par-1/item-1
if the other spouse commits adultery;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 配偶者から悪意で遺棄されたとき。
art-770/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-770/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-770/par-1/item-2
if the party has been willfully abandoned by the other spouse;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 配偶者の生死が三年以上明らかでないとき。
art-770/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-770/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-770/par-1/item-3
if it has been unclear whether the party's spouse is dead or alive for three or more years;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** その他婚姻を継続し難い重大な事由があるとき。
art-770/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-770/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-770/par-1/item-4
if there are any other material grounds that make it difficult for the marriage to continue.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 裁判所は、前項第一号から第三号までに掲げる事由がある場合であっても、一切の事情を考慮して婚姻の継続を相当と認めるときは、離婚の請求を棄却することができる。
art-770/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-770/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-770/par-2
Even if any grounds as set forth in items (i) through (iii) of the preceding paragraph are present, the court may dismiss a divorce filing if, taking into consideration all circumstances, it finds it to be reasonable for the marriage to continue.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百七十一条（協議上の離婚の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Divorce by Agreement Provisions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-771 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-771 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-771
**第一項** 第七百六十六条から第七百六十九条までの規定は、裁判上の離婚について準用する。
art-771/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-771/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-771/par-1
The provisions of Article 766 through Article 769 apply mutatis mutandis to a judicial divorce.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三章 親子 — Chapter III Parent and Child
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-3
## 第一節 実子 — Section 1 Natural Children
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-3/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-3/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-3/sec-1
### 第七百七十二条（嫡出の推定） — (Presumption of Child in Wedlock)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-772 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772
**第一項** 妻が婚姻中に懐胎した子は、当該婚姻における夫の子と推定する。女が婚姻前に懐胎した子であって、婚姻が成立した後に生まれたものも、同様とする。
art-772/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772/par-1
A child conceived by a wife during the marriage is presumed to be the child of the husband in that marriage. The same applies to a child conceived by a woman before the marriage and born after the marriage is formed.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項の場合において、婚姻の成立の日から二百日以内に生まれた子は、婚姻前に懐胎したものと推定し、婚姻の成立の日から二百日を経過した後又は婚姻の解消若しくは取消しの日から三百日以内に生まれた子は、婚姻中に懐胎したものと推定する。
art-772/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772/par-2
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, a child born within 200 days of the formation of a marriage is presumed to have been conceived before the marriage, and a child born more than 200 days after the formation of a marriage or within 300 days of the dissolution or cancellation of a marriage is presumed to have been conceived during the marriage.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 第一項の場合において、女が子を懐胎した時から子の出生の時までの間に二以上の婚姻をしていたときは、その子は、その出生の直近の婚姻における夫の子と推定する。
art-772/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772/par-3
In the case referred to in paragraph (1), if a woman has entered into two or more marriages between the time she conceived the child and the time of the child's birth, the child is presumed to be the child of the husband in the most recent marriage as of the child's birth.
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 前三項の規定により父が定められた子について、第七百七十四条の規定によりその父の嫡出であることが否認された場合における前項の規定の適用については、同項中「直近の婚姻」とあるのは、「直近の婚姻（第七百七十四条の規定により子がその嫡出であることが否認された夫との間の婚姻を除く。）」とする。
art-772/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772/par-4
In the application of the preceding paragraph to a child for whom a father has been determined under the preceding three paragraphs in a case where it has been rebutted under Article 774 that the child is the child in wedlock of that father, the phrase "the most recent marriage" in that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "the most recent marriage (excluding the marriage with the husband as to whom the presumption that the child is his child in wedlock has been rebutted under Article 774)".
machine translation, not official
### 第七百七十三条（父を定めることを目的とする訴え） — (Action to Determine Paternity)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-773 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-773 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-773
**第一項** 第七百三十二条の規定に違反して婚姻をした女が出産した場合において、前条の規定によりその子の父を定めることができないときは、裁判所が、これを定める。
art-773/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-773/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-773/par-1
If a woman marrying in violation of the provisions of Article 732 gives birth and the paternity of the child cannot be determined pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, the court determines the paternity of the child.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百七十四条（嫡出の否認） — (Rebutting the Presumption of Child in Wedlock)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-774 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-774 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-774
**第一項** 第七百七十二条の規定により子の父が定められる場合において、父又は子は、子が嫡出であることを否認することができる。
art-774/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-774/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-774/par-1
In a case where the father of a child is determined pursuant to the provisions of Article 772, the father or the child may rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項の規定による子の否認権は、親権を行う母、親権を行う養親又は未成年後見人が、子のために行使することができる。
art-774/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-774/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-774/par-2
The child's right to rebut the presumption under the preceding paragraph may be exercised on behalf of the child by the mother exercising parental authority, the adoptive parent exercising parental authority, or the guardian of a minor.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 第一項に規定する場合において、母は、子が嫡出であることを否認することができる。ただし、その否認権の行使が子の利益を害することが明らかなときは、この限りでない。
art-774/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-774/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-774/par-3
In the case prescribed in paragraph (1), the mother may rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock; provided, however, that this does not apply if it is clear that the exercise of the right to rebut the presumption would harm the interests of the child.
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 第七百七十二条第三項の規定により子の父が定められる場合において、子の懐胎の時から出生の時までの間に母と婚姻していた者であって、子の父以外のもの（以下「前夫」という。）は、子が嫡出であることを否認することができる。ただし、その否認権の行使が子の利益を害することが明らかなときは、この限りでない。
art-774/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-774/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-774/par-4
In a case where the father of a child is determined pursuant to the provisions of Article 772, paragraph (3), a person other than the father of the child who was married to the mother between the time of the child's conception and the time of the child's birth (hereinafter referred to as the "former husband") may rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock; provided, however, that this does not apply if it is clear that the exercise of the right to rebut the presumption would harm the interests of the child.
machine translation, not official
**第五項** 前項の規定による否認権を行使し、第七百七十二条第四項の規定により読み替えられた同条第三項の規定により新たに子の父と定められた者は、第一項の規定にかかわらず、子が自らの嫡出であることを否認することができない。
art-774/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-774/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-774/par-5
A person who has exercised the right to rebut the presumption under the preceding paragraph and has newly been determined to be the father of the child pursuant to the provisions of Article 772, paragraph (3) as replaced pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (4) of that Article may not, notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), rebut the presumption that the child is his child in wedlock.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百七十五条（嫡出否認の訴え） — (Action to Rebut the Presumption of Child in Wedlock)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-775 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-775 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-775
**第一項** 次の各号に掲げる否認権は、それぞれ当該各号に定める者に対する嫡出否認の訴えによって行う。
art-775/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-775/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-775/par-1
The rights to rebut the presumption set forth in the following items are exercised through an action to rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock against the person specified respectively in those items.
machine translation, not official
**一** 父の否認権 子又は親権を行う母
art-775/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-775/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-775/par-1/item-1
the father's right to rebut the presumption: the child or the mother exercising parental authority;
machine translation, not official
**二** 子の否認権 父
art-775/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-775/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-775/par-1/item-2
the child's right to rebut the presumption: the father;
machine translation, not official
**三** 母の否認権 父
art-775/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-775/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-775/par-1/item-3
the mother's right to rebut the presumption: the father;
machine translation, not official
**四** 前夫の否認権 父及び子又は親権を行う母
art-775/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-775/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-775/par-1/item-4
the former husband's right to rebut the presumption: the father and the child or the mother exercising parental authority.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項第一号又は第四号に掲げる否認権を親権を行う母に対し行使しようとする場合において、親権を行う母がないときは、家庭裁判所は、特別代理人を選任しなければならない。
art-775/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-775/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-775/par-2
If a right to rebut the presumption set forth in item (i) or (iv) of the preceding paragraph is to be exercised against the mother exercising parental authority and there is no mother exercising parental authority, the family court must appoint a special agent.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百七十六条（嫡出の承認） — (Acknowledgment of Child in Wedlock)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-776 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-776 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-776
**第一項** 父又は母は、子の出生後において、その嫡出であることを承認したときは、それぞれその否認権を失う。
art-776/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-776/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-776/par-1
If a father or mother acknowledges, after the child is born, that the child is his or her child in wedlock, the father or mother, respectively, loses his or her right to rebut the presumption.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百七十七条（嫡出否認の訴えの出訴期間） — (Statute of Limitations for Filing an Action to Rebut the Presumption of Child in Wedlock)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-777 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-777 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-777
**第一項** 次の各号に掲げる否認権の行使に係る嫡出否認の訴えは、それぞれ当該各号に定める時から三年以内に提起しなければならない。
art-777/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-777/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-777/par-1
An action to rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock pertaining to the exercise of a right to rebut the presumption set forth in each of the following items must be filed within three years from the time specified respectively in those items.
machine translation, not official
**一** 父の否認権 父が子の出生を知った時
art-777/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-777/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-777/par-1/item-1
the father's right to rebut the presumption: the time when the father learns of the child's birth;
machine translation, not official
**二** 子の否認権 その出生の時
art-777/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-777/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-777/par-1/item-2
the child's right to rebut the presumption: the time of the child's birth;
machine translation, not official
**三** 母の否認権 子の出生の時
art-777/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-777/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-777/par-1/item-3
the mother's right to rebut the presumption: the time of the child's birth;
machine translation, not official
**四** 前夫の否認権 前夫が子の出生を知った時
art-777/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-777/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-777/par-1/item-4
the former husband's right to rebut the presumption: the time when the former husband learns of the child's birth.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百七十八条
art-778 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778
**第一項** 第七百七十二条第三項の規定により父が定められた子について第七百七十四条の規定により嫡出であることが否認されたときは、次の各号に掲げる否認権の行使に係る嫡出否認の訴えは、前条の規定にかかわらず、それぞれ当該各号に定める時から一年以内に提起しなければならない。
art-778/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778/par-1
If, with respect to a child whose father was determined pursuant to the provisions of Article 772, paragraph (3), the presumption that the child is the father's child in wedlock has been rebutted pursuant to the provisions of Article 774, an action to rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock pertaining to the exercise of a right to rebut the presumption set forth in each of the following items must, notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding Article, be filed within one year from the time specified respectively in those items.
machine translation, not official
**一** 第七百七十二条第四項の規定により読み替えられた同条第三項の規定により新たに子の父と定められた者の否認権 新たに子の父と定められた者が当該子に係る嫡出否認の裁判が確定したことを知った時
art-778/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778/par-1/item-1
the right to rebut the presumption of a person newly determined to be the father of the child pursuant to the provisions of Article 772, paragraph (3) as replaced pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (4) of that Article: the time when the person newly determined to be the father of the child learns that the judgment to rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock concerning that child has become final and binding;
machine translation, not official
**二** 子の否認権 子が前号の裁判が確定したことを知った時
art-778/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778/par-1/item-2
the child's right to rebut the presumption: the time when the child learns that the judgment referred to in the preceding item has become final and binding;
machine translation, not official
**三** 母の否認権 母が第一号の裁判が確定したことを知った時
art-778/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778/par-1/item-3
the mother's right to rebut the presumption: the time when the mother learns that the judgment referred to in item (i) has become final and binding;
machine translation, not official
**四** 前夫の否認権 前夫が第一号の裁判が確定したことを知った時
art-778/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778/par-1/item-4
the former husband's right to rebut the presumption: the time when the former husband learns that the judgment referred to in item (i) has become final and binding.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百七十八条の二
art-778-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778-2
**第一項** 第七百七十七条（第二号に係る部分に限る。）又は前条（第二号に係る部分に限る。）の期間の満了前六箇月以内の間に親権を行う母、親権を行う養親及び未成年後見人がないときは、子は、母若しくは養親の親権停止の期間が満了し、親権喪失若しくは親権停止の審判の取消しの審判が確定し、若しくは親権が回復された時、新たに養子縁組が成立した時又は未成年後見人が就職した時から六箇月を経過するまでの間は、嫡出否認の訴えを提起することができる。
art-778-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778-2/par-1
If, during the six months before the expiration of the period under Article 777 (limited to the part pertaining to item (ii)) or the preceding Article (limited to the part pertaining to item (ii)), there is no mother exercising parental authority, adoptive parent exercising parental authority, or guardian of a minor, the child may file an action to rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock until six months have passed from the time when the period of suspension of parental authority of the mother or adoptive parent expires, a ruling rescinding a ruling affirming the loss of parental authority or a ruling to suspend parental authority becomes final and binding, or parental authority is restored, the time when a new adoption is formed, or the time when a guardian of a minor takes office.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 子は、その父と継続して同居した期間（当該期間が二以上あるときは、そのうち最も長い期間）が三年を下回るときは、第七百七十七条（第二号に係る部分に限る。）及び前条（第二号に係る部分に限る。）の規定にかかわらず、二十一歳に達するまでの間、嫡出否認の訴えを提起することができる。ただし、子の否認権の行使が父による養育の状況に照らして父の利益を著しく害するときは、この限りでない。
art-778-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778-2/par-2
If the period during which the child has continuously lived with the father (or, if there are two or more such periods, the longest of them) is less than three years, the child may, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 777 (limited to the part pertaining to item (ii)) and the preceding Article (limited to the part pertaining to item (ii)), file an action to rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock until the child reaches the age of 21; provided, however, that this does not apply if the exercise of the child's right to rebut the presumption would significantly harm the interests of the father in light of the circumstances of upbringing by the father.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 第七百七十四条第二項の規定は、前項の場合には、適用しない。
art-778-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778-2/par-3
The provisions of Article 774, paragraph (2) do not apply in the case referred to in the preceding paragraph.
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 第七百七十七条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）及び前条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）に掲げる否認権の行使に係る嫡出否認の訴えは、子が成年に達した後は、提起することができない。
art-778-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778-2/par-4
An action to rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock pertaining to the exercise of the right to rebut the presumption set forth in Article 777 (limited to the part pertaining to item (iv)) and the preceding Article (limited to the part pertaining to item (iv)) may not be filed after the child has attained the age of majority.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百七十八条の三（子の監護に要した費用の償還の制限） — Restriction on Reimbursement of Costs Required for Child Custody
caption: machine translation, not official
art-778-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778-3
**第一項** 第七百七十四条の規定により嫡出であることが否認された場合であっても、子は、父であった者が支出した子の監護に要した費用を償還する義務を負わない。
art-778-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778-3/par-1
Even if the presumption of the child in wedlock is rebutted pursuant to the provisions of Article 774, the child is not obligated to reimburse the costs required for the custody of the child that were expended by the person who was the father.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百七十八条の四（相続の開始後に新たに子と推定された者の価額の支払請求権） — Right of a Person Newly Presumed to Be a Child after the Opening of the Succession to Payment of the Value
caption: machine translation, not official
art-778-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778-4
**第一項** 相続の開始後、第七百七十四条の規定により否認権が行使され、第七百七十二条第四項の規定により読み替えられた同条第三項の規定により新たに被相続人がその父と定められた者が相続人として遺産の分割を請求しようとする場合において、他の共同相続人が既にその分割その他の処分をしていたときは、当該相続人の遺産分割の請求は、価額のみによる支払の請求により行うものとする。
art-778-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778-4/par-1
In a case where, after the opening of the succession, a right to rebut the presumption has been exercised pursuant to the provisions of Article 774, and a person for whom the decedent has been newly determined to be the father pursuant to the provisions of Article 772, paragraph (3) as replaced pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (4) of that Article seeks, as an heir, to request division of the estate, if the other coheirs have already divided or otherwise disposed of the estate, the request of that heir for division of the estate is to be made only by a request for payment of the value.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百七十九条（認知） — (Acknowledgment of Parentage)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-779 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-779 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-779
**第一項** 嫡出でない子は、その父又は母がこれを認知することができる。
art-779/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-779/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-779/par-1
A father or a mother may acknowledge a child born out of wedlock to be his or her child.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百八十条（認知能力） — (Competency to Acknowledge Parentage)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-780 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-780 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-780
**第一項** 認知をするには、父又は母が未成年者又は成年被後見人であるときであっても、その法定代理人の同意を要しない。
art-780/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-780/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-780/par-1
A father or a mother does not need the consent of a legal representative in order to acknowledge parentage, even if that father or mother is a minor or an adult ward.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百八十一条（認知の方式） — (Formalities for Acknowledging Parentage)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-781 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-781 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-781
**第一項** 認知は、戸籍法の定めるところにより届け出ることによってする。
art-781/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-781/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-781/par-1
Parentage is acknowledged through the filing of a registration pursuant to the provisions of the Family Register Act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 認知は、遺言によっても、することができる。
art-781/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-781/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-781/par-2
Parentage may also be acknowledged in a will.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百八十二条（成年の子の認知） — (Acknowledging Parentage of an Adult Child)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-782 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-782 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-782
**第一項** 成年の子は、その承諾がなければ、これを認知することができない。
art-782/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-782/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-782/par-1
A father or mother may not acknowledge parentage of an adult child without that adult child's consent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百八十三条（胎児又は死亡した子の認知） — (Acknowledging Parentage of an Unborn Child or a Child Who Has Died)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-783 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-783 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-783
**第一項** 父は、胎内に在る子でも、認知することができる。この場合においては、母の承諾を得なければならない。
art-783/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-783/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-783/par-1
A father may acknowledge paternity even if the child is still in utero. The mother's consent must be obtained in such a case.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の子が出生した場合において、第七百七十二条の規定によりその子の父が定められるときは、同項の規定による認知は、その効力を生じない。
art-783/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-783/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-783/par-2
If the child referred to in the preceding paragraph is born and the father of the child is determined pursuant to the provisions of Article 772, the acknowledgment under that paragraph does not take effect.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 父又は母は、死亡した子でも、その直系卑属があるときに限り、認知することができる。この場合において、その直系卑属が成年者であるときは、その承諾を得なければならない。
art-783/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-783/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-783/par-3
A father or mother may acknowledge parentage even if the child has died, but only if that child had a lineal descendant. In such a case, the consent of the lineal descendant must be obtained if that lineal descendant is an adult.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百八十四条（認知の効力） — (Legal Effect of an Acknowledgment of Parentage)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-784 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-784 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-784
**第一項** 認知は、出生の時にさかのぼってその効力を生ずる。ただし、第三者が既に取得した権利を害することはできない。
art-784/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-784/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-784/par-1
An acknowledgement of parentage is effective retroactive to the time of birth; provided, however, that this may not prejudice a right already acquired by a third party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百八十五条（認知の取消しの禁止） — (Prohibition on Rescission of Acknowledgments of Parentage)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-785 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-785 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-785
**第一項** 認知をした父又は母は、その認知を取り消すことができない。
art-785/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-785/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-785/par-1
A father or a mother who has acknowledged parentage may not rescind that acknowledgment.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百八十六条（認知の無効の訴え） — Action to Invalidate an Acknowledgment of Parentage
caption: machine translation, not official
art-786 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786
**第一項** 次の各号に掲げる者は、それぞれ当該各号に定める時（第七百八十三条第一項の規定による認知がされた場合にあっては、子の出生の時）から七年以内に限り、認知について反対の事実があることを理由として、認知の無効の訴えを提起することができる。ただし、第三号に掲げる者について、その認知の無効の主張が子の利益を害することが明らかなときは、この限りでない。
art-786/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786/par-1
The persons set forth in the following items may file an action to invalidate an acknowledgment of parentage, on the grounds that there are facts contrary to the acknowledgment, only within seven years from the time specified respectively in those items (or, in the case where the acknowledgment was made pursuant to the provisions of Article 783, paragraph (1), the time of the child's birth); provided, however, that this does not apply to the person set forth in item (iii) if it is clear that the assertion of invalidity of the acknowledgment would harm the interests of the child.
machine translation, not official
**一** 子又はその法定代理人 子又はその法定代理人が認知を知った時
art-786/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786/par-1/item-1
the child or the child's legal representative: the time when the child or the child's legal representative learns of the acknowledgment;
machine translation, not official
**二** 認知をした者 認知の時
art-786/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786/par-1/item-2
the person who made the acknowledgment: the time of the acknowledgment;
machine translation, not official
**三** 子の母 子の母が認知を知った時
art-786/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786/par-1/item-3
the child's mother: the time when the child's mother learns of the acknowledgment.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 子は、その子を認知した者と認知後に継続して同居した期間（当該期間が二以上あるときは、そのうち最も長い期間）が三年を下回るときは、前項（第一号に係る部分に限る。）の規定にかかわらず、二十一歳に達するまでの間、認知の無効の訴えを提起することができる。ただし、子による認知の無効の主張が認知をした者による養育の状況に照らして認知をした者の利益を著しく害するときは、この限りでない。
art-786/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786/par-2
If the period during which the child has continuously lived with the person who acknowledged the child after the acknowledgment (or, if there are two or more such periods, the longest of them) is less than three years, the child may, notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph (limited to the part pertaining to item (i)), file an action to invalidate the acknowledgment of parentage until the child reaches the age of 21; provided, however, that this does not apply if the child's assertion of invalidity of the acknowledgment would significantly harm the interests of the person who made the acknowledgment in light of the circumstances of upbringing by that person.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 前項の規定は、同項に規定する子の法定代理人が第一項の認知の無効の訴えを提起する場合には、適用しない。
art-786/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786/par-3
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply where the legal representative of the child prescribed in that paragraph files the action to invalidate an acknowledgment of parentage under paragraph (1).
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 第一項及び第二項の規定により認知が無効とされた場合であっても、子は、認知をした者が支出した子の監護に要した費用を償還する義務を負わない。
art-786/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786/par-4
Even if an acknowledgment is invalidated pursuant to the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2), the child is not obligated to reimburse the costs required for the custody of the child that were expended by the person who made the acknowledgment.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百八十七条（認知の訴え） — (Filiation Proceedings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-787 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-787 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-787
**第一項** 子、その直系卑属又はこれらの者の法定代理人は、認知の訴えを提起することができる。ただし、父又は母の死亡の日から三年を経過したときは、この限りでない。
art-787/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-787/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-787/par-1
A child, the lineal descendant thereof, or the legal representative of either, may bring filiation proceedings; provided, however that this does not apply if three years have passed since the day on which the father or mother died.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百八十八条（認知後の子の監護に関する事項の定め等） — (Determining Issues of Child Custody after Acknowledgment of Paternity)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-788 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-788 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-788
**第一項** 第七百六十六条から第七百六十六条の三までの規定は、父が認知する場合について準用する。
art-788/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-788/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-788/par-1
The provisions of Articles 766 through 766-3 apply mutatis mutandis when a father acknowledges paternity.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百八十九条（準正） — (Legitimation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-789 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-789 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-789
**第一項** 父が認知した子は、その父母の婚姻によって嫡出子の身分を取得する。
art-789/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-789/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-789/par-1
A child whose paternity the father acknowledges acquires status as a child in wedlock upon the marriage of the child's father and mother.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 婚姻中父母が認知した子は、その認知の時から、嫡出子の身分を取得する。
art-789/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-789/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-789/par-2
A child whose parentage the parents acknowledge while married to each other acquires status of a child in wedlock from the time of that acknowledgment.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定は、子が既に死亡していた場合について準用する。
art-789/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-789/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-789/par-3
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis if the child has already died.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百九十条（子の氏） — (Child's Surname)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-790 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-790 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-790
**第一項** 嫡出である子は、父母の氏を称する。ただし、子の出生前に父母が離婚したときは、離婚の際における父母の氏を称する。
art-790/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-790/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-790/par-1
A child born in wedlock takes the surname of the parents; provided, however that if the parents divorce before the child is born, the child takes the surname used by the parents at the time of divorce.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 嫡出でない子は、母の氏を称する。
art-790/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-790/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-790/par-2
A child not born in wedlock takes the surname of the mother.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百九十一条（子の氏の変更） — (Changing a Child's Surname)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-791 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-791 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-791
**第一項** 子が父又は母と氏を異にする場合には、子は、家庭裁判所の許可を得て、戸籍法の定めるところにより届け出ることによって、その父又は母の氏を称することができる。
art-791/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-791/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-791/par-1
If a child's surname differs from that of the father or mother, the child may take the surname of the father or mother after obtaining the permission of the family court, through the filing of a registration pursuant to the provisions of the Family Register Act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 父又は母が氏を改めたことにより子が父母と氏を異にする場合には、子は、父母の婚姻中に限り、前項の許可を得ないで、戸籍法の定めるところにより届け出ることによって、その父母の氏を称することができる。
art-791/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-791/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-791/par-2
If a child's surname differs from that of the parents due to the father or mother changing surnames, the child may take the name of the parents without obtaining the permission referred to in the preceding paragraph only if the parents are married to each other, through the filing of a notification pursuant to the provisions of the Family Register Act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 子が十五歳未満であるときは、その法定代理人が、これに代わって、前二項の行為をすることができる。
art-791/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-791/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-791/par-3
If a child is under 15 years of age, the legal representative thereof may perform the acts referred to in the preceding two paragraphs on the child's behalf.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前三項の規定により氏を改めた未成年の子は、成年に達した時から一年以内に戸籍法の定めるところにより届け出ることによって、従前の氏に復することができる。
art-791/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-791/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-791/par-4
A minor who has changed surnames pursuant to the provisions of one of the preceding three paragraphs may revert to the previous surname within one year of attaining majority, through the filing of a notification pursuant to the provisions of the Family Register Act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二節 養子 — Section 2 Adoption
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-3/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2
## 第一款 縁組の要件 — Subsection 1 Requirements for Adoption
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-1
### 第七百九十二条（養親となる者の年齢） — (Age of Adoptive Parents)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-792 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-792 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-792
**第一項** 二十歳に達した者は、養子をすることができる。
art-792/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-792/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-792/par-1
A person who has attained the age of 20 may adopt a child.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百九十三条（尊属又は年長者を養子とすることの禁止） — (Prohibition against Adopting an Ascendant or a Person of Greater Age than One's Self)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-793 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-793 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-793
**第一項** 尊属又は年長者は、これを養子とすることができない。
art-793/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-793/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-793/par-1
It is not permissible to adopt an ascendant or a person of greater age than one's self.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百九十四条（後見人が被後見人を養子とする縁組） — (Adoption of a Ward by the Guardian)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-794 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-794 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-794
**第一項** 後見人が被後見人（未成年被後見人及び成年被後見人をいう。以下同じ。）を養子とするには、家庭裁判所の許可を得なければならない。後見人の任務が終了した後、まだその管理の計算が終わらない間も、同様とする。
art-794/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-794/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-794/par-1
A guardian must obtain the permission of the family court in order to adopt a ward (meaning a minor ward or an adult ward; the same applies hereinafter). The same applies if the person's role as guardian has ended but the person has not finished accounting for the management of the ward's property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百九十五条（配偶者のある者が未成年者を養子とする縁組） — (Adoption of a Minor by a Spouse)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-795 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-795 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-795
**第一項** 配偶者のある者が未成年者を養子とするには、配偶者とともにしなければならない。ただし、配偶者の嫡出である子を養子とする場合又は配偶者がその意思を表示することができない場合は、この限りでない。
art-795/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-795/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-795/par-1
In order for one spouse to adopt a minor the other spouse must do so as well; provided, however, that this does not apply with respect to one spouse's adoption of the child in wedlock of the other spouse, nor does it apply if the other spouse is incapable of manifesting an intention.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百九十六条（配偶者のある者の縁組） — (Adoption Involving a Spouse)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-796 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-796 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-796
**第一項** 配偶者のある者が縁組をするには、その配偶者の同意を得なければならない。ただし、配偶者とともに縁組をする場合又は配偶者がその意思を表示することができない場合は、この限りでない。
art-796/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-796/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-796/par-1
One spouse may only adopt or be adopted by another with the consent of the other spouse; provided, however, that this does not apply if one spouse adopts or is adopted by another together with the other spouse, or if the other spouse is incapable of manifesting an intention.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百九十七条（十五歳未満の者を養子とする縁組） — (Adoption of Persons under the Age of 15)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-797 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-797 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-797
**第一項** 養子となる者が十五歳未満であるときは、その法定代理人が、これに代わって、縁組の承諾をすることができる。
art-797/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-797/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-797/par-1
If a person being adopted is under 15 years of age, the legal representative thereof may give consent to the child's adoption on behalf thereof.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 法定代理人が前項の承諾をするには、養子となる者の父母でその監護をすべき者であるものが他にあるときは、その同意を得なければならない。養子となる者の父母で親権を停止されているものがあるときも、同様とする。
art-797/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-797/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-797/par-2
If the person being adopted has another parent that is entitled to custody thereof, the legal representative must obtain the consent of that parent before giving the consent referred to in the preceding paragraph. The same applies if a parent's parental authority in respect of the person being adopted has been suspended.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の縁組をすることが子の利益のため特に必要であるにもかかわらず、養子となる者の父母でその監護をすべき者であるものが縁組の同意をしないときは、家庭裁判所は、養子となる者の法定代理人の請求により、その同意に代わる許可を与えることができる。同項の縁組をすることが子の利益のため特に必要であるにもかかわらず、養子となる者の父母で親権を停止されているものが縁組の同意をしないときも、同様とする。
art-797/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-797/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-797/par-3
If, even though the adoption referred to in paragraph (1) is particularly necessary for the interests of the child, a parent of the person to be adopted who is to have custody of the person does not consent to the adoption, the family court may, at the request of the legal representative of the person to be adopted, grant permission in lieu of that consent. The same applies if, even though the adoption referred to in that paragraph is particularly necessary for the interests of the child, a parent of the person to be adopted whose parental authority has been suspended does not consent to the adoption.
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 第一項の承諾に係る親権の行使について第八百二十四条の二第三項に規定する請求を受けた家庭裁判所は、第一項の縁組をすることが子の利益のため特に必要であると認めるときに限り、同条第三項の規定による審判をすることができる。
art-797/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-797/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-797/par-4
The family court that has received the request prescribed in Article 824-2, paragraph (3) concerning the exercise of parental authority relating to the consent under paragraph (1) may issue a ruling under paragraph (3) of that Article only if it finds that the adoption referred to in paragraph (1) is particularly necessary for the interests of the child.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百九十八条（未成年者を養子とする縁組） — (Adoption of a Minor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-798 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-798 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-798
**第一項** 未成年者を養子とするには、家庭裁判所の許可を得なければならない。ただし、自己又は配偶者の直系卑属を養子とする場合は、この限りでない。
art-798/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-798/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-798/par-1
A person must obtain the permission of the family court in order to adopt a minor; provided, however, that this does not apply if the person to be adopted is the lineal descendant of either the adoptive parent or the adoptive parent's spouse.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百九十九条（婚姻の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Marriage Provisions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-799 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-799 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-799
**第一項** 第七百三十八条及び第七百三十九条の規定は、縁組について準用する。
art-799/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-799/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-799/par-1
The provisions of Article 738 and Article 739 apply mutatis mutandis to adoption.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百条（縁組の届出の受理） — (Acceptance of Application to Register an Adoption)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-800 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-800 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-800
**第一項** 縁組の届出は、その縁組が第七百九十二条から前条までの規定その他の法令の規定に違反しないことを認めた後でなければ、受理することができない。
art-800/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-800/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-800/par-1
It is not permissible to accept an application to register an adoption until the adoption has been found not to violate any of the provisions of Article 792 through Article 799 or the provisions of any other law or regulation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百一条（外国に在る日本人間の縁組の方式） — (Formalities for Adoption between Japanese Nationals in a Foreign Country)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-801 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-801 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-801
**第一項** 外国に在る日本人間で縁組をしようとするときは、その国に駐在する日本の大使、公使又は領事にその届出をすることができる。この場合においては、第七百九十九条において準用する第七百三十九条の規定及び前条の規定を準用する。
art-801/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-801/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-801/par-1
If a Japanese national in a foreign country seeks to adopt, or to be adopted by, another Japanese national in that country, the application to register the adoption may be filed with the Japanese Ambassador, Minister of the Japanese Embassy, or Consul stationed in that country. The provisions of Article 739 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 799 and the provisions of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis, in such a case.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二款 縁組の無効及び取消し — Subsection 2 Nullity and Annulment of Adoptions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-2
### 第八百二条（縁組の無効） — (Nullity of Adoption)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-802 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-802 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-802
**第一項** 縁組は、次に掲げる場合に限り、無効とする。
art-802/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-802/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-802/par-1
An adoption is void only in one of the following cases:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 人違いその他の事由によって当事者間に縁組をする意思がないとき。
art-802/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-802/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-802/par-1/item-1
if the parties did not have the mutual intention to enter into the adoption due to a party being mistaken as to the identity of the other or any other cause; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 当事者が縁組の届出をしないとき。ただし、その届出が第七百九十九条において準用する第七百三十九条第二項に定める方式を欠くだけであるときは、縁組は、そのためにその効力を妨げられない。
art-802/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-802/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-802/par-1/item-2
if the parties have failed to register the adoption; provided, however, that if the registration merely lacks a formality prescribed in Article 739, paragraph (2) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 799, this does not impair the validity of the adoption.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百三条（縁組の取消し） — (Annulment of an Adoption)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-803 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-803 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-803
**第一項** 縁組は、次条から第八百八条までの規定によらなければ、取り消すことができない。
art-803/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-803/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-803/par-1
An adoption may not be annulled other than pursuant to the provisions of Article 804 through Article 808.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百四条（養親が二十歳未満の者である場合の縁組の取消し） — Annulment of an Adoption; Adoptive Parent Is under 20 Years of Age
caption: machine translation, not official
art-804 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-804 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-804
**第一項** 第七百九十二条の規定に違反した縁組は、養親又はその法定代理人から、その取消しを家庭裁判所に請求することができる。ただし、養親が、二十歳に達した後六箇月を経過し、又は追認をしたときは、この限りでない。
art-804/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-804/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-804/par-1
An adoptive parent or the legal representative thereof may request the family court to annul an adoption that violates the provisions of Article 792; provided, however, that this does not apply if, after the adoptive parent attains the age of 20, six months are allowed to pass or the adoptive parent ratifies the adoption.
machine translation, not official
### 第八百五条（養子が尊属又は年長者である場合の縁組の取消し） — (Annulment of an Adoption; Adopted Child Is the Ascendant or a Person of Greater Age Than the Adoptive Parent)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-805 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-805 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-805
**第一項** 第七百九十三条の規定に違反した縁組は、各当事者又はその親族から、その取消しを家庭裁判所に請求することができる。
art-805/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-805/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-805/par-1
Either of the parties to an adoption or any relative thereof may request the family court to annul an adoption that violates the provisions of Article 793.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百六条（後見人と被後見人との間の無許可縁組の取消し） — (Annulment of an Adoption between a Guardian and Ward Occurring Without the Permission of the Family Court)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-806 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806
**第一項** 第七百九十四条の規定に違反した縁組は、養子又はその実方の親族から、その取消しを家庭裁判所に請求することができる。ただし、管理の計算が終わった後、養子が追認をし、又は六箇月を経過したときは、この限りでない。
art-806/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806/par-1
An adopted child or a natural relative of thereof may request the family court to annul an adoption that violates the provisions of Article 794;provided, however, that this does not apply if, after a full account is rendered of the management of the child's property, the adopted child ratifies the adoption or six months are allowed to pass.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項ただし書の追認は、養子が、成年に達し、又は行為能力を回復した後にしなければ、その効力を生じない。
art-806/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806/par-2
A ratification as referred to in the proviso to the preceding paragraph does not take effect unless the adopted child ratifies the adoption after attaining the age of majority or recovering the legal capacity to act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 養子が、成年に達せず、又は行為能力を回復しない間に、管理の計算が終わった場合には、第一項ただし書の期間は、養子が、成年に達し、又は行為能力を回復した時から起算する。
art-806/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806/par-3
If a full account is rendered of the management of the adopted child's property but the child has not attained the age of majority or recovered the legal capacity to act, the period referred to in the proviso to paragraph (1) is calculated beginning from the time that the adopted child attains the age of majority or recovers the legal capacity to act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百六条の二（配偶者の同意のない縁組等の取消し） — (Annulment of an Adoption Effected Without Spousal Consent)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-806-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806-2
**第一項** 第七百九十六条の規定に違反した縁組は、縁組の同意をしていない者から、その取消しを家庭裁判所に請求することができる。ただし、その者が、縁組を知った後六箇月を経過し、又は追認をしたときは、この限りでない。
art-806-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806-2/par-1
The person not consenting to an adoption that violates the provisions of Article 796 may request the family court to annul the adoption; provided, however, that this does not apply if, after learning of the adoption, the person allows six months to pass or ratifies the adoption.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 詐欺又は強迫によって第七百九十六条の同意をした者は、その縁組の取消しを家庭裁判所に請求することができる。ただし、その者が、詐欺を発見し、若しくは強迫を免れた後六箇月を経過し、又は追認をしたときは、この限りでない。
art-806-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806-2/par-2
A person giving the consent referred to in Article 796 due to fraud or duress may request the family court to annul the adoption; provided, however, that this does not apply if, after discovering the fraud or escaping from the duress, the person allows six months to pass or ratifies the adoption.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百六条の三（子の監護をすべき者の同意のない縁組等の取消し） — (Annulment of an Adoption Effected Without the Consent of the Person Entitled to Custody of the Child)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-806-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806-3
**第一項** 第七百九十七条第二項の規定に違反した縁組は、縁組の同意をしていない者から、その取消しを家庭裁判所に請求することができる。ただし、その者が追認をしたとき、又は養子が十五歳に達した後六箇月を経過し、若しくは追認をしたときは、この限りでない。
art-806-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806-3/par-1
A person not consenting to an adoption that violates the provisions of Article 797, paragraph (2) may request the family court to annul the adoption; provided, however, that this does not apply if the person ratifies the adoption, nor does it apply if, after the adopted child reaches the age of 15, six months are allowed to pass or the child ratifies the adoption.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前条第二項の規定は、詐欺又は強迫によって第七百九十七条第二項の同意をした者について準用する。
art-806-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806-3/par-2
The provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to consent as referred to in Article 797, paragraph (2) that is given due to fraud or duress.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百七条（養子が未成年者である場合の無許可縁組の取消し） — (Annulment of an Adoption Effected Without the Permission of the Family Court; Adopted Child Is a Minor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-807 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-807 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-807
**第一項** 第七百九十八条の規定に違反した縁組は、養子、その実方の親族又は養子に代わって縁組の承諾をした者から、その取消しを家庭裁判所に請求することができる。ただし、養子が、成年に達した後六箇月を経過し、又は追認をしたときは、この限りでない。
art-807/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-807/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-807/par-1
The adopted child, a natural relative thereof, or the person consenting to the adoption on the adopted child's behalf may request the family court to annul the adoption if it violates the provisions of Article 798;provided, however, that this does not apply if, after the adopted child attains the age of majority, six months are allowed to pass or the child ratifies the adoption.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百八条（婚姻の取消し等の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Cancellation of a Marriage)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-808 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-808 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-808
**第一項** 第七百四十七条及び第七百四十八条の規定は、縁組について準用する。この場合において、第七百四十七条第二項中「三箇月」とあるのは、「六箇月」と読み替えるものとする。
art-808/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-808/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-808/par-1
The provisions of Article 747 and Article 748 apply mutatis mutandis to adoption. In this case, the term "three months" in Article 747, paragraph (2) is deemed to be replaced with "six months".
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第七百六十九条及び第八百十六条の規定は、縁組の取消しについて準用する。
art-808/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-808/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-808/par-2
The provisions of Article 769 and Article 816 apply mutatis mutandis to the annulment of an adoption.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三款 縁組の効力 — Subsection 3 Legal Effect of Adoption
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-3
### 第八百九条（嫡出子の身分の取得） — (Acquisition of Status as a Child in Wedlock)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-809 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-809 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-809
**第一項** 養子は、縁組の日から、養親の嫡出子の身分を取得する。
art-809/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-809/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-809/par-1
An adopted child acquires status as the child in wedlock of the adoptive parent or parents from the date of the adoption.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十条（養子の氏） — (Adopted Child's Surname)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-810 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-810 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-810
**第一項** 養子は、養親の氏を称する。ただし、婚姻によって氏を改めた者については、婚姻の際に定めた氏を称すべき間は、この限りでない。
art-810/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-810/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-810/par-1
An adopted child takes the surname of the adoptive parent or parents; provided, however, that this does not apply with respect to a person who has changed surnames upon marriage and continues to use the surname decided on at the time of marriage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四款 離縁 — Subsection 4 Dissolution of Adoptive Relationships
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-4
### 第八百十一条（協議上の離縁等） — (Dissolution of Adoptive Relationship by Agreement)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-811 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811
**第一項** 縁組の当事者は、その協議で、離縁をすることができる。
art-811/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811/par-1
Parties to an adoption may agree to dissolve the adoptive relationship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 養子が十五歳未満であるときは、その離縁は、養親と養子の離縁後にその法定代理人となるべき者との協議でこれをする。
art-811/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811/par-2
If an adopted child is under 15 years of age, the adoptive parent or parents and the person or persons that are to become the legal representatives of the child after the dissolution of the adoptive relationship may agree to dissolve the adoptive relationship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項の場合において、養子の父母が離婚しているときは、その協議で、その双方又は一方を養子の離縁後にその親権者となるべき者と定めなければならない。
art-811/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811/par-3
In a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the parents of the adopted child are divorced, they must reach an agreement in which they decide that both of them or one of them is to be the person with parental authority with respect to the child after the dissolution of the adoptive relationship.
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 前項の協議が調わないとき、又は協議をすることができないときは、家庭裁判所は、同項の父若しくは母又は養親の請求によって、協議に代わる審判をすることができる。この場合においては、第八百十九条第七項の規定を準用する。
art-811/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811/par-4
If the agreement referred to in the preceding paragraph is not reached or if discussions toward such an agreement cannot be held, the family court may issue a ruling to stand in place of that agreement, at the request of the father or mother referred to in that paragraph or at the request of an adoptive parent. In this case, the provisions of Article 819, paragraph (7) apply mutatis mutandis.
machine translation, not official
**第五項** 第二項の法定代理人となるべき者がないときは、家庭裁判所は、養子の親族その他の利害関係人の請求によって、養子の離縁後にその未成年後見人となるべき者を選任する。
art-811/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811/par-5
If there is no person to become the legal representative as referred to in paragraph (2), at the request of a relative of the adopted child or any other interested party, the family court may appoint a person to become the guardian of the minor after the dissolution of the adopted child's adoptive relationship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第六項** 縁組の当事者の一方が死亡した後に生存当事者が離縁をしようとするときは、家庭裁判所の許可を得て、これをすることができる。
art-811/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811/par-6
If one of the parties to an adoption dies and a surviving party seeks to dissolve the adoptive relationship, that party may do so with the permission of the family court.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十一条の二（夫婦である養親と未成年者との離縁） — (Dissolution of Adoptive Relationship between a Married Couple and a Minor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-811-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811-2
**第一項** 養親が夫婦である場合において未成年者と離縁をするには、夫婦が共にしなければならない。ただし、夫婦の一方がその意思を表示することができないときは、この限りでない。
art-811-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811-2/par-1
In order for adoptive parents who are married to each other to dissolve their adoptive relationship with a minor, they must do so jointly; provided, however, that this does not apply if one party to the marriage is incapable of manifesting an intention.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十二条（婚姻の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Marriage Provisions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-812 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-812 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-812
**第一項** 第七百三十八条、第七百三十九条及び第七百四十七条の規定は、協議上の離縁について準用する。この場合において、同条第二項中「三箇月」とあるのは、「六箇月」と読み替えるものとする。
art-812/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-812/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-812/par-1
The provisions of Article 738, Article 739, and Article 747 apply mutatis mutandis to the dissolution of an adoptive relationship. In this case, the term "three months" in Article 747, paragraph (2) is deemed to be replaced with "six months".
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十三条（離縁の届出の受理） — (Acceptance of Application to Register the Dissolution of an Adoptive Relationship)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-813 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-813 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-813
**第一項** 離縁の届出は、その離縁が前条において準用する第七百三十九条第二項の規定並びに第八百十一条及び第八百十一条の二の規定その他の法令の規定に違反しないことを認めた後でなければ、受理することができない。
art-813/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-813/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-813/par-1
It is not permissible to accept an application to register the dissolution of an adoptive relationship until the dissolution thereof has been found not to violate any of the provisions of paragraph (2) of Article 739 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding Article, Article 811, Article 811-2, or the provisions of any other law or regulation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 離縁の届出が前項の規定に違反して受理されたときであっても、離縁は、そのためにその効力を妨げられない。
art-813/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-813/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-813/par-2
Even if an application to register the dissolution of an adoptive relation is accepted in violation of the provisions of the preceding paragraph, this does not impair the validity of the dissolution.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十四条（裁判上の離縁） — (Judicial Dissolution of an Adoptive Relationship)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-814 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-814 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-814
**第一項** 縁組の当事者の一方は、次に掲げる場合に限り、離縁の訴えを提起することができる。
art-814/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-814/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-814/par-1
A party to an adoption may independently initiate proceedings to dissolve the adoptive relationship only in one of the following cases:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 他の一方から悪意で遺棄されたとき。
art-814/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-814/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-814/par-1/item-1
if the party has been willfully abandoned by the other party;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 他の一方の生死が三年以上明らかでないとき。
art-814/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-814/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-814/par-1/item-2
if it has been unclear whether the other party is dead or alive for three years or more; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** その他縁組を継続し難い重大な事由があるとき。
art-814/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-814/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-814/par-1/item-3
if there are any other material grounds that make it difficult for the adoptive relationship to continue.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第七百七十条第二項の規定は、前項第一号及び第二号に掲げる場合について準用する。
art-814/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-814/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-814/par-2
The provisions of Article 770, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to a case as set forth in item (i) or item (ii) of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十五条（養子が十五歳未満である場合の離縁の訴えの当事者） — (Party to an Action to Dissolve an Adoptive Relationship: Adopted Child Is Under the Age of 15)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-815 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-815 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-815
**第一項** 養子が十五歳に達しない間は、第八百十一条の規定により養親と離縁の協議をすることができる者から、又はこれに対して、離縁の訴えを提起することができる。
art-815/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-815/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-815/par-1
If an adopted child has not attained the age of 15, an action to dissolve the adoptive relationship may be initiated by or against a person who may reach an agreement with the adoptive parent or parents to dissolve the adoptive relationship pursuant to the provisions of Article 811.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十六条（離縁による復氏等） — (Reversion of the Surname upon Dissolution of the Adoptive Relationship)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-816 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-816 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-816
**第一項** 養子は、離縁によって縁組前の氏に復する。ただし、配偶者とともに養子をした養親の一方のみと離縁をした場合は、この限りでない。
art-816/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-816/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-816/par-1
An adopted child reverts to the surname used before the adoption upon dissolution of the adoptive relationship; provided, however, that this does not apply in the event of a dissolution of the adoptive relationship between the adopted child and only one of the adoptive parents that adopted that child together with the spouse.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 縁組の日から七年を経過した後に前項の規定により縁組前の氏に復した者は、離縁の日から三箇月以内に戸籍法の定めるところにより届け出ることによって、離縁の際に称していた氏を称することができる。
art-816/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-816/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-816/par-2
A person who has reverted to the surname used before adoption pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph and who has done so after seven years have passed since the date of the adoption may take the surname used at the time of the dissolution of the adoptive relationship by filing a registration pursuant to the provisions of the Family Register Act within three months of the date of its dissolution.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十七条（離縁による復氏の際の権利の承継） — (Succession of Rights after Reversion to Previous Surname Due to Dissolution of the Adoptive Relationship)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-817 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817
**第一項** 第七百六十九条の規定は、離縁について準用する。
art-817/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817/par-1
The provisions of Article 769 apply mutatis mutandis to the dissolution of adoptive relationships.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第五款 特別養子 — Subsection 5 Special Adoptions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-5
### 第八百十七条の二（特別養子縁組の成立） — (Entering into a Special Adoption)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-817-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-2
**第一項** 家庭裁判所は、次条から第八百十七条の七までに定める要件があるときは、養親となる者の請求により、実方の血族との親族関係が終了する縁組（以下この款において「特別養子縁組」という。）を成立させることができる。
art-817-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-2/par-1
At the request of a person becoming an adoptive parent, the family court may allow an adoption to be entered into which extinguishes the kinship between the child and the natural relatives thereof (referred to hereinafter in this subsection as a "special adoption") if the requirements prescribed in the following Article through Article 817-7 are met.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項に規定する請求をするには、第七百九十四条又は第七百九十八条の許可を得ることを要しない。
art-817-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-2/par-2
The permission referred to in Article 794 and Article 798 is not required in order for a person to make the request referred to in the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十七条の三（養親の夫婦共同縁組） — (Joint Adoption by a Married Couple)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-817-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-3
**第一項** 養親となる者は、配偶者のある者でなければならない。
art-817-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-3/par-1
The person becoming an adoptive parent must have a spouse.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 夫婦の一方は、他の一方が養親とならないときは、養親となることができない。ただし、夫婦の一方が他の一方の嫡出である子（特別養子縁組以外の縁組による養子を除く。）の養親となる場合は、この限りでない。
art-817-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-3/par-2
One party to a marriage may not become an adoptive parent unless the other party to the marriage also becomes an adoptive parent; provided, however, that this does not apply if one party to a marriage becomes the adoptive parent of the child in wedlock of the other party to the marriage (but not of a child adopted other than through a special adoption).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十七条の四（養親となる者の年齢） — (Age of Persons Becoming Adoptive Parents)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-817-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-4
**第一項** 二十五歳に達しない者は、養親となることができない。ただし、養親となる夫婦の一方が二十五歳に達していない場合においても、その者が二十歳に達しているときは、この限りでない。
art-817-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-4/par-1
A person who has not attained 25 years of age may not become an adoptive parent; provided, however, that even if, in a married couple becoming adoptive parents, one of the parties to the marriage has not attained 25 years of age, so long as that party has attained 20 years of age, this does not apply.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十七条の五（養子となる者の年齢） — (Age of Persons Being Adopted)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-817-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-5
**第一項** 第八百十七条の二に規定する請求の時に十五歳に達している者は、養子となることができない。特別養子縁組が成立するまでに十八歳に達した者についても、同様とする。
art-817-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-5/par-1
A person who has attained 15 years of age at the time of the request prescribed in Article 817-2 may not be adopted. The same applies to a person who has attained 18 years of age before the special adoption is formed.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項前段の規定は、養子となる者が十五歳に達する前から引き続き養親となる者に監護されている場合において、十五歳に達するまでに第八百十七条の二に規定する請求がされなかったことについてやむを得ない事由があるときは、適用しない。
art-817-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-5/par-2
The provisions of the first sentence of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the person to be adopted has been continuously in the custody of the person to become the adoptive parent since before reaching 15 years of age and there are unavoidable reasons why the request prescribed in Article 817-2 was not made by the time the person reached 15 years of age.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 養子となる者が十五歳に達している場合においては、特別養子縁組の成立には、その者の同意がなければならない。
art-817-5/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-5/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-5/par-3
If the person to be adopted has attained 15 years of age, the consent of that person is required for entering into a special adoption.
machine translation, not official
### 第八百十七条の六（父母の同意） — (Parental Consent)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-817-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-6
**第一項** 特別養子縁組の成立には、養子となる者の父母の同意がなければならない。ただし、父母がその意思を表示することができない場合又は父母による虐待、悪意の遺棄その他養子となる者の利益を著しく害する事由がある場合は、この限りでない。
art-817-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-6/par-1
In order for a special adoption to be entered into, both parents of the person being adopted must consent to the special adoption; provided, however, that this does not apply if the parents are incapable of manifesting an intention, nor does it apply in a case of abuse or willful abandonment by the parents of the person being adopted or if the parents have otherwise been the cause of grave harm to the interests of the person being adopted.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十七条の七（子の利益のための特別の必要性） — (Particular Necessity in the Interests of the Child)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-817-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-7
**第一項** 特別養子縁組は、父母による養子となる者の監護が著しく困難又は不適当であることその他特別の事情がある場合において、子の利益のため特に必要があると認めるときに、これを成立させるものとする。
art-817-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-7/par-1
A special adoption is only to be allowed if it is exceedingly difficult or inappropriate for the parents of the person being adopted to care for the child or any other special circumstances exist, and the special adoption is found to be particularly necessary in the interests of the child.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十七条の八（監護の状況） — (The Care Situation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-817-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-8
**第一項** 特別養子縁組を成立させるには、養親となる者が養子となる者を六箇月以上の期間監護した状況を考慮しなければならない。
art-817-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-8/par-1
The state of affairs after not less than six months of the persons becoming the adoptive parents caring for the person being adopted must be taken into consideration before a special adoption is allowed to be entered into.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の期間は、第八百十七条の二に規定する請求の時から起算する。ただし、その請求前の監護の状況が明らかであるときは、この限りでない。
art-817-8/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-8/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-8/par-2
The period referred to in the preceding paragraph is calculated beginning from the time of the request provided for in Article 817-2;provided, however, that this does not apply if the care situation is evident prior to the request.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十七条の九（実方との親族関係の終了） — (Extinguishment of Kinship with the Natural Relatives)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-817-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-9
**第一項** 養子と実方の父母及びその血族との親族関係は、特別養子縁組によって終了する。ただし、第八百十七条の三第二項ただし書に規定する他の一方及びその血族との親族関係については、この限りでない。
art-817-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-9/par-1
The kinship between an adopted child and the natural parents and blood relatives thereof is extinguished by a special adoption; provided, however, that this does not apply to the kinship with the other spouse provided for in the proviso to Article 817-3, paragraph (2) and the blood relatives thereof.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十七条の十（特別養子縁組の離縁） — (Dissolution of a Special Adoption)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-817-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-10
**第一項** 次の各号のいずれにも該当する場合において、養子の利益のため特に必要があると認めるときは、家庭裁判所は、養子、実父母又は検察官の請求により、特別養子縁組の当事者を離縁させることができる。
art-817-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-10/par-1
At the request of the adopted child, the natural parents thereof, or the public prosecutor, the family court may dissolve the adoptive relationship among the parties to a special adoption in a case that falls under both of the following items, if the court finds there to be a particular need to do so in the interests of the adopted child:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 養親による虐待、悪意の遺棄その他養子の利益を著しく害する事由があること。
art-817-10/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-10/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-10/par-1/item-1
there has been abuse or willful abandonment by the adoptive parents, or the adoptive parents have otherwise been the cause of grave harm to the interests of the adopted child;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 実父母が相当の監護をすることができること。
art-817-10/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-10/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-10/par-1/item-2
the natural parents are capable of providing reasonable care for the child.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 離縁は、前項の規定による場合のほか、これをすることができない。
art-817-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-10/par-2
The dissolution of a special adoption may not be effected other than in a case under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十七条の十一（離縁による実方との親族関係の回復） — (Restoration of Kinship with the Natural Relatives upon Dissolution of the Adoptive Relationship)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-817-11 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-11 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-11
**第一項** 養子と実父母及びその血族との間においては、離縁の日から、特別養子縁組によって終了した親族関係と同一の親族関係を生ずる。
art-817-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-11/par-1
The same kinship that was extinguished by the special adoption arises between the adopted child and the natural parents and blood relatives thereof from the date of the dissolution of the adoptive relationship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三節 親の責務等 — Section 3 Responsibilities of Parents, etc.
heading: machine translation, not official
pt-4/ch-3/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-3/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-3/sec-3
### 第八百十七条の十二（親の責務等） — Responsibilities of Parents, etc.
caption: machine translation, not official
art-817-12 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-12 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-12
**第一項** 父母は、子の心身の健全な発達を図るため、その子の人格を尊重するとともに、その子の年齢及び発達の程度に配慮してその子を養育しなければならず、かつ、その子が自己と同程度の生活を維持することができるよう扶養しなければならない。
art-817-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-12/par-1
Parents must, in order to ensure the sound mental and physical development of the child, respect the child's personality and raise the child with consideration for the child's age and degree of development, and must also support the child so that the child can maintain a standard of living equivalent to their own.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 父母は、婚姻関係の有無にかかわらず、子に関する権利の行使又は義務の履行に関し、その子の利益のため、互いに人格を尊重し協力しなければならない。
art-817-12/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-12/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-12/par-2
Regardless of whether or not they are in a marital relationship, parents must respect each other's personality and cooperate with each other, in the interests of the child, with regard to the exercise of rights or performance of duties concerning the child.
machine translation, not official
### 第八百十七条の十三（親子の交流等） — Contact between Parent and Child, etc.
caption: machine translation, not official
art-817-13 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-13 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-13
**第一項** 第七百六十六条（第七百四十九条、第七百七十一条及び第七百八十八条において準用する場合を含む。）の場合のほか、子と別居する父又は母その他の親族と当該子との交流について必要な事項は、父母の協議で定める。この場合においては、子の利益を最も優先して考慮しなければならない。
art-817-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-13/par-1
In addition to the cases of Article 766 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Articles 749, 771 and 788), matters necessary for contact between a child and the father or mother or other relatives living apart from the child are determined by agreement of the parents. In this case, the interests of the child must be given the highest priority in the consideration.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項の協議が調わないとき、又は協議をすることができないときは、家庭裁判所が、父又は母の請求により、同項の事項を定める。
art-817-13/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-13/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-13/par-2
If the agreement referred to in the preceding paragraph is not reached or if discussions toward such an agreement cannot be held, the family court determines the matters referred to in that paragraph at the request of the father or mother.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 家庭裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、父又は母の請求により、前二項の規定による定めを変更することができる。
art-817-13/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-13/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-13/par-3
If the family court finds it necessary, it may, at the request of the father or mother, change a determination under the preceding two paragraphs.
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 前二項の請求を受けた家庭裁判所は、子の利益のため特に必要があると認めるときに限り、父母以外の親族と子との交流を実施する旨を定めることができる。
art-817-13/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-13/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-13/par-4
The family court that has received a request under the preceding two paragraphs may determine that contact between a relative other than the parents and the child is to take place, only if it finds it particularly necessary for the interests of the child.
machine translation, not official
**第五項** 前項の定めについての第二項又は第三項の規定による審判の請求は、父母以外の子の親族（子の直系尊属及び兄弟姉妹以外の者にあっては、過去に当該子を監護していた者に限る。）もすることができる。ただし、当該親族と子との交流についての定めをするため他に適当な方法があるときは、この限りでない。
art-817-13/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-13/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-13/par-5
A request for a ruling under paragraph (2) or paragraph (3) regarding the determination referred to in the preceding paragraph may also be made by a relative of the child other than the parents (in the case of persons other than the child's lineal ascendants and siblings, limited to those who have previously had custody of the child); provided, however, that this does not apply if there is another appropriate method for making a determination on contact between that relative and the child.
machine translation, not official
## 第四章 親権 — Chapter IV Parental Authority
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-4
## 第一節 総則 — Section 1 General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-4/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-4/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-4/sec-1
### 第八百十八条（親権） — Parental Authority
caption: machine translation, not official
art-818 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-818 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-818
**第一項** 親権は、成年に達しない子について、その子の利益のために行使しなければならない。
art-818/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-818/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-818/par-1
Parental authority must be exercised in the interests of a child who has not attained the age of majority.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 父母の婚姻中はその双方を親権者とする。
art-818/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-818/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-818/par-2
While the parents are married to each other, both of them are the persons with parental authority.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 子が養子であるときは、次に掲げる者を親権者とする。
art-818/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-818/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-818/par-3
If the child is an adopted child, the following persons are the persons with parental authority:
machine translation, not official
**一** 養親（当該子を養子とする縁組が二以上あるときは、直近の縁組により養親となった者に限る。）
art-818/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-818/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-818/par-3/item-1
the adoptive parent (if there are two or more adoptions of the child, limited to the person who became the adoptive parent through the most recent adoption);
machine translation, not official
**二** 子の父母であって、前号に掲げる養親の配偶者であるもの
art-818/par-3/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-818/par-3/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-818/par-3/item-2
a parent of the child who is the spouse of the adoptive parent set forth in the preceding item.
machine translation, not official
### 第八百十九条（離婚又は認知の場合の親権者） — (Person Having Parental Authority after Divorce or Acknowledgement of Paternity)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-819 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819
**第一項** 父母が協議上の離婚をするときは、その協議で、その双方又は一方を親権者と定める。
art-819/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-1
If parents divorce by agreement, they determine in that agreement that both of them or one of them is to be the person with parental authority.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 裁判上の離婚の場合には、裁判所は、父母の双方又は一方を親権者と定める。
art-819/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-2
In the case of a judicial divorce, the court determines that both of the parents or one of the parents is to be the person with parental authority.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 子の出生前に父母が離婚した場合には、親権は、母が行う。ただし、子の出生後に、父母の協議で、父母の双方又は父を親権者と定めることができる。
art-819/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-3
If parents divorce before the birth of the child, the mother exercises the parental authority; provided, however, that the parties may agree for both parents or the father to be the person with parental authority after the child is born.
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 父が認知した子に対する親権は、母が行う。ただし、父母の協議で、父母の双方又は父を親権者と定めることができる。
art-819/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-4
Parental authority over a child whose paternity has been acknowledged by the father is exercised by the mother; provided, however, that the parents may agree for both parents or the father to be the person with parental authority.
machine translation, not official
**第五項** 第一項、第三項又は前項の協議が調わないとき、又は協議をすることができないときは、家庭裁判所は、父又は母の請求によって、協議に代わる審判をすることができる。
art-819/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-5
If an agreement as referred to in paragraph (1), paragraph (3), or the preceding paragraph is not reached or discussions toward such an agreement cannot be held, the family court may issue a ruling to stand in place of such an agreement, at the request of the father or the mother.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第六項** 子の利益のため必要があると認めるときは、家庭裁判所は、子又はその親族の請求によって、親権者を変更することができる。
art-819/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-6
At the request of the child or the child's relative, the family court may change the person with parental authority, if it finds it to be necessary to do so in the interests of the child.
machine translation, not official
**第七項** 裁判所は、第二項又は前二項の裁判において、父母の双方を親権者と定めるかその一方を親権者と定めるかを判断するに当たっては、子の利益のため、父母と子との関係、父と母との関係その他一切の事情を考慮しなければならない。この場合において、次の各号のいずれかに該当するときその他の父母の双方を親権者と定めることにより子の利益を害すると認められるときは、父母の一方を親権者と定めなければならない。
art-819/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-7
In a judicial decision under paragraph (2) or the preceding two paragraphs, when deciding whether to determine both parents or one parent to be the person with parental authority, the court must consider, in the interests of the child, the relationship between the parents and the child, the relationship between the father and the mother, and all other circumstances. In this case, when any of the following applies, or when it is otherwise found that determining both parents to be the person with parental authority would harm the interests of the child, the court must determine one parent to be the person with parental authority:
machine translation, not official
**一** 父又は母が子の心身に害悪を及ぼすおそれがあると認められるとき。
art-819/par-7/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-7/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-7/item-1
when it is found that the father or mother is likely to cause harm to the mind or body of the child;
machine translation, not official
**二** 父母の一方が他の一方から身体に対する暴力その他の心身に有害な影響を及ぼす言動（次項において「暴力等」という。）を受けるおそれの有無、第一項、第三項又は第四項の協議が調わない理由その他の事情を考慮して、父母が共同して親権を行うことが困難であると認められるとき。
art-819/par-7/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-7/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-7/item-2
when, taking into consideration whether there is a risk that one parent will receive from the other physical violence or other words or conduct having a harmful effect on the mind or body (referred to as "violence, etc." in the following paragraph), the reasons why the agreement referred to in paragraph (1), (3) or (4) is not reached, and other circumstances, it is found to be difficult for the parents to exercise parental authority jointly.
machine translation, not official
**第八項** 第六項の場合において、家庭裁判所は、父母の協議により定められた親権者を変更することが子の利益のため必要であるか否かを判断するに当たっては、当該協議の経過、その後の事情の変更その他の事情を考慮するものとする。この場合において、当該協議の経過を考慮するに当たっては、父母の一方から他の一方への暴力等の有無、家事事件手続法による調停の有無又は裁判外紛争解決手続（裁判外紛争解決手続の利用の促進に関する法律（平成十六年法律第百五十一号）第一条に規定する裁判外紛争解決手続をいう。）の利用の有無、協議の結果についての公正証書の作成の有無その他の事情をも勘案するものとする。
art-819/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-8
In the case referred to in paragraph (6), in determining whether it is necessary for the interests of the child to change the person with parental authority determined by an agreement between the parents, the family court is to take into consideration the course of that agreement, subsequent changes in circumstances, and other circumstances. In this case, in considering the course of that agreement, the family court is also to take into account whether there has been violence, etc. from one parent to the other, whether there has been conciliation under the Domestic Relations Case Procedure Act or use of alternative dispute resolution procedures (meaning the alternative dispute resolution procedures prescribed in Article 1 of the Act on Promotion of Use of Alternative Dispute Resolution (Act No. 151 of 2004)), whether a notarial instrument was prepared concerning the result of the agreement, and other circumstances.
machine translation, not official
## 第二節 親権の効力 — Section 2 Legal Effect of Parental Authority
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-4/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-4/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-4/sec-2
### 第八百二十条（監護及び教育の権利義務） — (Rights and Duty of Care and Education)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-820 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-820 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-820
**第一項** 親権を行う者は、子の利益のために子の監護及び教育をする権利を有し、義務を負う。
art-820/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-820/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-820/par-1
A person exercising parental authority has the right, and bears the duty, to care for and educate the child in the child's interests.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百二十一条（子の人格の尊重等） — Respect for the Child's Personality, etc.
caption: machine translation, not official
art-821 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-821 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-821
**第一項** 親権を行う者は、前条の規定による監護及び教育をするに当たっては、子の人格を尊重するとともに、その年齢及び発達の程度に配慮しなければならず、かつ、体罰その他の子の心身の健全な発達に有害な影響を及ぼす言動をしてはならない。
art-821/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-821/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-821/par-1
A person exercising parental authority must, in providing care and education under the preceding Article, respect the child's personality and give consideration to the child's age and degree of development, and must not engage in corporal punishment or other words or conduct that have a harmful effect on the sound development of the child's mind and body.
machine translation, not official
### 第八百二十二条（居所の指定） — (Determination of Residence)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-822 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-822 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-822
**第一項** 子は、親権を行う者が指定した場所に、その居所を定めなければならない。
art-822/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-822/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-822/par-1
A child must fix his or her residence at the place determined by the person exercising parental authority.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百二十三条（職業の許可） — (Permission to Work)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-823 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-823 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-823
**第一項** 子は、親権を行う者の許可を得なければ、職業を営むことができない。
art-823/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-823/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-823/par-1
A child may not work without the permission of the person exercising parental authority.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 親権を行う者は、第六条第二項の場合には、前項の許可を取り消し、又はこれを制限することができる。
art-823/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-823/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-823/par-2
The person exercising parental authority may revoke or limit the permission referred to in the preceding paragraph in a case as referred to in Article 6, paragraph (2).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百二十四条（財産の管理及び代表） — (Management of the Child's Property; Representation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-824 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-824 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-824
**第一項** 親権を行う者は、子の財産を管理し、かつ、その財産に関する法律行為についてその子を代表する。ただし、その子の行為を目的とする債務を生ずべき場合には、本人の同意を得なければならない。
art-824/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-824/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-824/par-1
The person exercising parental authority manages the child's property and represents the child in juridical acts involving that property; provided, however, that the person must obtain the consent of the child if a juridical act would give rise to the obligation of the child to act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百二十四条の二（親権の行使方法等） — Method of Exercising Parental Authority, etc.
caption: machine translation, not official
art-824-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-824-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-824-2
**第一項** 親権は、父母が共同して行う。ただし、次に掲げるときは、その一方が行う。
art-824-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-824-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-824-2/par-1
Parental authority is exercised by the parents jointly; provided, however, that in the following cases, it is exercised by one of them:
machine translation, not official
**一** その一方のみが親権者であるとき。
art-824-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-824-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-824-2/par-1/item-1
if only one of them is the person with parental authority;
machine translation, not official
**二** 他の一方が親権を行うことができないとき。
art-824-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-824-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-824-2/par-1/item-2
if the other is unable to exercise parental authority;
machine translation, not official
**三** 子の利益のため急迫の事情があるとき。
art-824-2/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-824-2/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-824-2/par-1/item-3
if there are pressing circumstances in the interests of the child.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 父母は、その双方が親権者であるときであっても、前項本文の規定にかかわらず、監護及び教育に関する日常の行為に係る親権の行使を単独ですることができる。
art-824-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-824-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-824-2/par-2
Even if both parents are persons with parental authority, notwithstanding the main clause of the preceding paragraph, each parent may exercise parental authority alone with regard to routine acts concerning care and education.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 特定の事項に係る親権の行使（第一項ただし書又は前項の規定により父母の一方が単独で行うことができるものを除く。）について、父母間に協議が調わない場合であって、子の利益のため必要があると認めるときは、家庭裁判所は、父又は母の請求により、当該事項に係る親権の行使を父母の一方が単独ですることができる旨を定めることができる。
art-824-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-824-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-824-2/par-3
If the parents fail to reach an agreement on the exercise of parental authority regarding a specific matter (excluding a matter that one parent may handle alone under the proviso to paragraph (1) or the preceding paragraph), and the family court finds it necessary in the interests of the child, the family court may, at the request of the father or the mother, determine that one parent may exercise parental authority regarding that matter alone.
machine translation, not official
### 第八百二十四条の三（監護者の権利義務） — Rights and Duties of Custodian
caption: machine translation, not official
art-824-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-824-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-824-3
**第一項** 第七百六十六条（第七百四十九条、第七百七十一条及び第七百八十八条において準用する場合を含む。）の規定により定められた子の監護をすべき者は、第八百二十条から第八百二十三条までに規定する事項について、親権を行う者と同一の権利義務を有する。この場合において、子の監護をすべき者は、単独で、子の監護及び教育、居所の指定及び変更並びに営業の許可、その許可の取消し及びその制限をすることができる。
art-824-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-824-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-824-3/par-1
The person to have custody of the child as determined pursuant to Article 766 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Articles 749, 771, and 788) has the same rights and duties as a person exercising parental authority with respect to the matters prescribed in Articles 820 through 823. In this case, the person to have custody of the child may, alone, provide care and education for the child, determine and change the child's residence, and give permission for the child to carry on a business, revoke that permission, and limit it.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項の場合には、親権を行う者（子の監護をすべき者を除く。）は、子の監護をすべき者が同項後段の規定による行為をすることを妨げてはならない。
art-824-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-824-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-824-3/par-2
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, a person exercising parental authority (excluding the person to have custody of the child) must not prevent the person to have custody of the child from performing an act under the second sentence of that paragraph.
machine translation, not official
### 第八百二十五条（父母の一方が共同の名義でした行為の効力） — (Effect of Actions Taken by One Parent in the Name of Both Parents)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-825 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-825 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-825
**第一項** 父母が共同して親権を行う場合において、父母の一方が、共同の名義で、子に代わって法律行為をし又は子がこれをすることに同意したときは、その行為は、他の一方の意思に反したときであっても、そのためにその効力を妨げられない。ただし、相手方が悪意であったときは、この限りでない。
art-825/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-825/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-825/par-1
In a case in which parents exercise parental authority jointly, when one parent, in the name of both parents, performs a juridical act on behalf of the child or gives consent for the child to perform a juridical act, even if that act or that consent is contrary to the intention of the other parent, this does not impair its validity; provided, however, that this does not apply if the other party to the juridical act has knowledge of the other parent's contrary intention.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百二十六条（利益相反行為） — (Conflict of Interest)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-826 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-826 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-826
**第一項** 親権を行う父又は母とその子との利益が相反する行為については、親権を行う者は、その子のために特別代理人を選任することを家庭裁判所に請求しなければならない。
art-826/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-826/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-826/par-1
If an action involves a conflict of interest between the father or mother exercising parental authority and the child, the person exercising parental authority must request the family court to appoint a special agent for the child in respect of that action.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 親権を行う者が数人の子に対して親権を行う場合において、その一人と他の子との利益が相反する行為については、親権を行う者は、その一方のために特別代理人を選任することを家庭裁判所に請求しなければならない。
art-826/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-826/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-826/par-2
If a person exercising parental authority exercises such authority over more than one child, the person exercising parental authority must request the family court to appoint a special agent for one of the children with respect to an action that involves a conflict of interest between one child and the other child or children.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百二十七条（財産の管理における注意義務） — (Duty of Care in Management of the Child's Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-827 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-827 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-827
**第一項** 親権を行う者は、自己のためにするのと同一の注意をもって、その管理権を行わなければならない。
art-827/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-827/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-827/par-1
A person exercising parental authority must exercise the right to manage the property under that person's authority with the same care the person would exercise for the person's own benefit.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百二十八条（財産の管理の計算） — (Accounting for Management of the Child's Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-828 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-828 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-828
**第一項** 子が成年に達したときは、親権を行った者は、遅滞なくその管理の計算をしなければならない。ただし、その子の養育及び財産の管理の費用は、その子の財産の収益と相殺したものとみなす。
art-828/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-828/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-828/par-1
Once a child attains the age of majority, the person exercising parental authority must account for the management of the child's property without delay; provided, however, that expenses incurred to raise the child and to manage the property are deemed to have been set-off against profit from the child's property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百二十九条
art-829 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-829 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-829
**第一項** 前条ただし書の規定は、無償で子に財産を与える第三者が反対の意思を表示したときは、その財産については、これを適用しない。
art-829/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-829/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-829/par-1
If a third party who gives property to a child without receiving compensation manifests a contrary intention, the provisions of the proviso to the preceding Article do not apply to that property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百三十条（第三者が無償で子に与えた財産の管理） — (Management of Property That a Third Party Gives to a Child without Receiving Compensation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-830 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-830 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-830
**第一項** 無償で子に財産を与える第三者が、親権を行う父又は母にこれを管理させない意思を表示したときは、その財産は、父又は母の管理に属しないものとする。
art-830/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-830/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-830/par-1
If a third party who gives property to a child without receiving compensation manifests the intention that the father or mother exercising parental authority not be permitted to manage that property, the management of that property does not come under the purview of the father or mother.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の財産につき父母が共に管理権を有しない場合において、第三者が管理者を指定しなかったときは、家庭裁判所は、子、その親族又は検察官の請求によって、その管理者を選任する。
art-830/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-830/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-830/par-2
If neither parent has the right to manage the property referred to in the preceding paragraph and the third party does not designate a manager, the family court may appoint a manager at the request of the child, a relative thereof, or the public prosecutor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第三者が管理者を指定したときであっても、その管理者の権限が消滅し、又はこれを改任する必要がある場合において、第三者が更に管理者を指定しないときも、前項と同様とする。
art-830/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-830/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-830/par-3
Even if the third party designates a manager, the preceding paragraph still applies if the authority of the manager is extinguished or if it becomes necessary to replace the manager, in the event that the third party does not designate another manager.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第二十七条から第二十九条までの規定は、前二項の場合について準用する。
art-830/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-830/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-830/par-4
The provisions of Article 27 through Article 29 apply mutatis mutandis to a case as referred to in one of the preceding two paragraphs.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百三十一条（委任の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Mandate Provisions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-831 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-831 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-831
**第一項** 第六百五十四条及び第六百五十五条の規定は、親権を行う者が子の財産を管理する場合及び前条の場合について準用する。
art-831/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-831/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-831/par-1
The provisions of Article 654 and Article 655 apply mutatis mutandis when a person exercising parental authority manages the property of a child and to a case as referred to in the preceding Article.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百三十二条（財産の管理について生じた親子間の債権の消滅時効） — (Extinctive Prescription of Claims between Parent and Child Arising in Respect of Management of the Child's Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-832 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-832 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-832
**第一項** 親権を行った者とその子との間に財産の管理について生じた債権は、その管理権が消滅した時から五年間これを行使しないときは、時効によって消滅する。
art-832/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-832/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-832/par-1
A claim arising in respect of the management of the child's property between a person who exercised parental authority and the child is extinguished by prescription if not exercised within five years from the time the right to manage the child's property lapses.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 子がまだ成年に達しない間に管理権が消滅した場合において子に法定代理人がないときは、前項の期間は、その子が成年に達し、又は後任の法定代理人が就職した時から起算する。
art-832/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-832/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-832/par-2
If the right to manage a child's property lapses before the child attains the age of majority and the child has no legal representative, the period referred to in the preceding paragraph is calculated beginning from the time the child attains the age of majority or a new statutory agent is appointed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百三十三条（子に代わる親権の行使） — (Exercising Parental Authority in Place of a Child)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-833 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-833 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-833
**第一項** 父又は母が成年に達しない子であるときは、当該子について親権を行う者が当該子に代わって親権を行う。
art-833/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-833/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-833/par-1
If a father or mother is a child who has not attained the age of majority, the person exercising parental authority over that child exercises parental authority in place of that child.
machine translation, not official
## 第三節 親権の喪失 — Section 3 Loss of Parental Authority
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-4/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-4/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-4/sec-3
### 第八百三十四条（親権喪失の審判） — (Ruling Affirming the Loss of Parental Authority)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-834 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-834 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-834
**第一項** 父又は母による虐待又は悪意の遺棄があるときその他父又は母による親権の行使が著しく困難又は不適当であることにより子の利益を著しく害するときは、家庭裁判所は、子、その親族、未成年後見人、未成年後見監督人又は検察官の請求により、その父又は母について、親権喪失の審判をすることができる。ただし、二年以内にその原因が消滅する見込みがあるときは、この限りでない。
art-834/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-834/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-834/par-1
If the father or mother abuses or willfully abandons the child, or if significant difficulty or impropriety in the father's or mother's exercise of parental authority otherwise greatly harms the interests of the child, the family court may issue a ruling affirming the father's or mother's loss of parental authority, at the request of the child, a relative thereof, the guardian, the guardian supervisor, or the public prosecutor; provided, however, that this does not apply if cause for such a ruling is expected to cease to exist within two years.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百三十四条の二（親権停止の審判） — (Ruling Suspending Parental Authority)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-834-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-834-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-834-2
**第一項** 父又は母による親権の行使が困難又は不適当であることにより子の利益を害するときは、家庭裁判所は、子、その親族、未成年後見人、未成年後見監督人又は検察官の請求により、その父又は母について、親権停止の審判をすることができる。
art-834-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-834-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-834-2/par-1
If difficulty or impropriety in the father's or mother's exercise of parental authority harms the interests of the child, the family court may rule to suspend the parental authority of the father or mother, at the request of the child, a relative thereof, the guardian, the guardian supervisor, or the public prosecutor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 家庭裁判所は、親権停止の審判をするときは、その原因が消滅するまでに要すると見込まれる期間、子の心身の状態及び生活の状況その他一切の事情を考慮して、二年を超えない範囲内で、親権を停止する期間を定める。
art-834-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-834-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-834-2/par-2
If the family court rules to suspend parental authority, it must fix the term of no greater than two years during which parental authority is suspended in consideration of the time expected to be required for cause for such a ruling to cease to exist, the physical and mental condition of the child, circumstances in the child's daily life, and all other circumstances.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百三十五条（管理権喪失の審判） — (Ruling Affirming the Loss of the Right to Manage the Child's Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-835 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-835 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-835
**第一項** 父又は母による管理権の行使が困難又は不適当であることにより子の利益を害するときは、家庭裁判所は、子、その親族、未成年後見人、未成年後見監督人又は検察官の請求により、その父又は母について、管理権喪失の審判をすることができる。
art-835/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-835/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-835/par-1
If difficulty or impropriety in the father's or mother's exercise of the right to manage the child's property harms the interests of the child, the family court may issue a ruling affirming the father's or mother's loss of the right to manage the child's property, at the request of the child, a relative thereof, the guardian, the guardian supervisor, or the public prosecutor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百三十六条（親権喪失、親権停止又は管理権喪失の審判の取消し） — (Rescission of a Ruling Affirming the Loss of Parental Authority, Suspending Parental Authority, or Affirming the Loss of the Right to Manage the Child's Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-836 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-836 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-836
**第一項** 第八百三十四条本文、第八百三十四条の二第一項又は前条に規定する原因が消滅したときは、家庭裁判所は、本人又はその親族の請求によって、それぞれ親権喪失、親権停止又は管理権喪失の審判を取り消すことができる。
art-836/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-836/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-836/par-1
If the cause provided for in the main clause of Article 834, Article 834-2, paragraph (1); or the preceding Article ceases to exist, the family court may rescind a ruling affirming the loss of parental authority, suspending parental authority, or affirming the loss of the right to manage the child's property, at the request of the person concerned or a relative thereof.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百三十七条（親権又は管理権の辞任及び回復） — (Surrender and Resumption of Parental Authority or the Right to Manage the Child's Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-837 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-837 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-837
**第一項** 親権を行う父又は母は、やむを得ない事由があるときは、家庭裁判所の許可を得て、親権又は管理権を辞することができる。
art-837/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-837/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-837/par-1
If there are compelling circumstances, a father or mother who exercises parental authority may surrender parental authority or the right to manage the child's property, with the permission of the family court.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の事由が消滅したときは、父又は母は、家庭裁判所の許可を得て、親権又は管理権を回復することができる。
art-837/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-837/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-837/par-2
If the circumstances referred to in the preceding paragraph cease to exist, the father or mother may resume parental authority or the right to manage the child's property, with the permission of the family court.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第五章 後見 — Chapter V Guardianship
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-5
## 第一節 後見の開始 — Section 1 Commencement of Guardianship
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-5/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-5/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-5/sec-1
### 第八百三十八条
art-838 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-838 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-838
**第一項** 後見は、次に掲げる場合に開始する。
art-838/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-838/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-838/par-1
Guardianship commences if:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 未成年者に対して親権を行う者がないとき、又は親権を行う者が管理権を有しないとき。
art-838/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-838/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-838/par-1/item-1
there is no person exercising parental authority over a minor, or the person exercising parental authority does not have the right to manage the minor's property;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 後見開始の審判があったとき。
art-838/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-838/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-838/par-1/item-2
there has been a decision to establish a guardianship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二節 後見の機関 — Section 2 Guardianship Mechanisms
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-5/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-5/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-5/sec-2
## 第一款 後見人 — Subsection 1 Guardians
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-5/sec-2/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-5/sec-2/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-5/sec-2/subsec-1
### 第八百三十九条（未成年後見人の指定） — (Designation of a Guardian for a Minor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-839 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-839 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-839
**第一項** 未成年者に対して最後に親権を行う者は、遺言で、未成年後見人を指定することができる。ただし、管理権を有しない者は、この限りでない。
art-839/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-839/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-839/par-1
The person last exercising parental authority over a minor may designate a guardian for the minor by a will; provided, however, that this does not apply to a person who has no right to manage the minor's property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 親権を行う父母の一方が管理権を有しないときは、他の一方は、前項の規定により未成年後見人の指定をすることができる。
art-839/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-839/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-839/par-2
If one of the parents exercising parental authority does not have the right to manage the child's property, the other parent may designate a guardian for the minor pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百四十条（未成年後見人の選任） — (Appointment of a Guardian for a Minor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-840 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-840 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-840
**第一項** 前条の規定により未成年後見人となるべき者がないときは、家庭裁判所は、未成年被後見人又はその親族その他の利害関係人の請求によって、未成年後見人を選任する。未成年後見人が欠けたときも、同様とする。
art-840/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-840/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-840/par-1
If there is no person to become the guardian of a minor pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, the family court may appoint a guardian for the minor at the request of the prospective minor ward, the relative thereof, or any other interested party. This also applies if the minor comes to no longer have such a guardian.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 未成年後見人がある場合においても、家庭裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、前項に規定する者若しくは未成年後見人の請求により又は職権で、更に未成年後見人を選任することができる。
art-840/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-840/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-840/par-2
Even if a minor has a guardian, the family court may appoint a further guardian if it finds this to be necessary, at the request of a person provided for in the preceding paragraph, at the request of the guardian of the minor, or sua sponte.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 未成年後見人を選任するには、未成年被後見人の年齢、心身の状態並びに生活及び財産の状況、未成年後見人となる者の職業及び経歴並びに未成年被後見人との利害関係の有無（未成年後見人となる者が法人であるときは、その事業の種類及び内容並びにその法人及びその代表者と未成年被後見人との利害関係の有無）、未成年被後見人の意見その他一切の事情を考慮しなければならない。
art-840/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-840/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-840/par-3
In appointing a guardian for a minor, the family court must consider the age, physical and mental condition, circumstances in the daily life, and financial circumstances of the minor ward, the occupation and personal history of the person becoming the guardian, the existence of any vested interest between them (if the person becoming the guardian is a corporation, the type and content of its business and the existence of any vested interest between the minor ward and the corporation or its representative), the opinion of the minor ward, and all other circumstances.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百四十一条（父母による未成年後見人の選任の請求） — (Request by the Parents for Appointment of a Guardian for a Minor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-841 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-841 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-841
**第一項** 父若しくは母が親権若しくは管理権を辞し、又は父若しくは母について親権喪失、親権停止若しくは管理権喪失の審判があったことによって未成年後見人を選任する必要が生じたときは、その父又は母は、遅滞なく未成年後見人の選任を家庭裁判所に請求しなければならない。
art-841/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-841/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-841/par-1
If the father or mother surrenders parental authority or the right to manage the child's property, or if the necessity of appointing a guardian for a minor arises as a result of a ruling affirming the loss of parental authority, suspending parental authority, or affirming the loss of the right to manage the child's property, the father or mother, without delay, must request the family court to appoint a guardian.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百四十二条 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-842 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-842 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-842
**第一項** 削除
art-842/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-842/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-842/par-1
Deleted
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百四十三条（成年後見人の選任） — (Appointment of a Guardian for an Adult)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-843 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-843 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-843
**第一項** 家庭裁判所は、後見開始の審判をするときは、職権で、成年後見人を選任する。
art-843/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-843/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-843/par-1
The family court appoints a guardian for an adult sua sponte if it reaches the decision to establish a guardianship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 成年後見人が欠けたときは、家庭裁判所は、成年被後見人若しくはその親族その他の利害関係人の請求により又は職権で、成年後見人を選任する。
art-843/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-843/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-843/par-2
If an adult ward comes to no longer have a guardian, the family court appoints a guardian at the request of the adult ward, the relative or other interested party thereof, or sua sponte.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 成年後見人が選任されている場合においても、家庭裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、前項に規定する者若しくは成年後見人の請求により又は職権で、更に成年後見人を選任することができる。
art-843/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-843/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-843/par-3
Even if an adult has been appointed a guardian, the family court may appoint a further guardian for the adult if it finds this to be necessary, at the request of a person provided for in the preceding paragraph, at the request of the guardian of the adult, or sua sponte.
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 成年後見人を選任するには、成年被後見人の心身の状態並びに生活及び財産の状況、成年後見人となる者の職業及び経歴並びに成年被後見人との利害関係の有無（成年後見人となる者が法人であるときは、その事業の種類及び内容並びにその法人及びその代表者と成年被後見人との利害関係の有無）、成年被後見人の意見その他一切の事情を考慮しなければならない。
art-843/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-843/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-843/par-4
In appointing a guardian for an adult, the family court must consider the physical and mental condition, circumstances in the daily life, and financial circumstances of the adult ward, the occupation and personal history of the person becoming the guardian, the existence of any vested interest between them (if the person becoming the guardian is a corporation, the type and content of its business and the existence of any vested interest between the adult ward and the corporation or its representative), the opinion of the adult ward, and all other circumstances.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百四十四条（後見人の辞任） — (Resignation of the Guardian)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-844 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-844 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-844
**第一項** 後見人は、正当な事由があるときは、家庭裁判所の許可を得て、その任務を辞することができる。
art-844/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-844/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-844/par-1
If there is a legitimate reason, the guardian of an adult may resign from the role of guardian, with the permission of the family court.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百四十五条（辞任した後見人による新たな後見人の選任の請求） — (Request by the Resigning Guardian for the Appointment of a New Guardian)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-845 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-845 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-845
**第一項** 後見人がその任務を辞したことによって新たに後見人を選任する必要が生じたときは、その後見人は、遅滞なく新たな後見人の選任を家庭裁判所に請求しなければならない。
art-845/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-845/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-845/par-1
If the need arises for a new guardian to be appointed due to a guardian's resignation from the role, the guardian, without delay, must request the family court to appoint a new guardian.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百四十六条（後見人の解任） — (Dismissal of the Guardian)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-846 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-846 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-846
**第一項** 後見人に不正な行為、著しい不行跡その他後見の任務に適しない事由があるときは、家庭裁判所は、後見監督人、被後見人若しくはその親族若しくは検察官の請求により又は職権で、これを解任することができる。
art-846/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-846/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-846/par-1
In the event of an unlawful act or grave misconduct on the part of the guardian or in the event of any other circumstances that render the guardian unfit for the duties of guardianship, the family court may replace the guardian at the request of the guardian supervisor, the ward, the relative thereof, or the public prosecutor, or sua sponte.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百四十七条（後見人の欠格事由） — (Grounds for Ineligibility as Guardian)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-847 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-847 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-847
**第一項** 次に掲げる者は、後見人となることができない。
art-847/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-847/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-847/par-1
None of the following persons may become a guardian:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 未成年者
art-847/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-847/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-847/par-1/item-1
a minor;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 家庭裁判所で免ぜられた法定代理人、保佐人又は補助人
art-847/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-847/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-847/par-1/item-2
a legal representative, curator, or assistant who has been replaced by the family court;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 破産者
art-847/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-847/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-847/par-1/item-3
a bankrupt;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 被後見人に対して訴訟をし、又はした者並びにその配偶者及び直系血族
art-847/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-847/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-847/par-1/item-4
a person who is bringing or has brought an action against the ward, the spouse of such a person, or a lineal blood relative thereof; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**五** 行方の知れない者
art-847/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-847/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-847/par-1/item-5
a person whose whereabouts are unknown.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二款 後見監督人 — Subsection 2 Guardian Supervisors
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-5/sec-2/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-5/sec-2/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-5/sec-2/subsec-2
### 第八百四十八条（未成年後見監督人の指定） — (Designation of a Supervisor for the Guardian of a Minor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-848 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-848 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-848
**第一項** 未成年後見人を指定することができる者は、遺言で、未成年後見監督人を指定することができる。
art-848/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-848/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-848/par-1
A person who may designate a guardian for a minor may designate a supervisor for the guardian of the minor, by a will.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百四十九条（後見監督人の選任） — (Appointment of a Guardian Supervisor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-849 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-849 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-849
**第一項** 家庭裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、被後見人、その親族若しくは後見人の請求により又は職権で、後見監督人を選任することができる。
art-849/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-849/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-849/par-1
The family court may appoint a guardian supervisor if it finds this to be necessary, at the request of a ward or the relative thereof, at the request of the guardian, or sua sponte.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百五十条（後見監督人の欠格事由） — (Grounds for Ineligibility as Guardian Supervisor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-850 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-850 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-850
**第一項** 後見人の配偶者、直系血族及び兄弟姉妹は、後見監督人となることができない。
art-850/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-850/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-850/par-1
The spouse, lineal blood relative, or sibling of the guardian may not become the supervisor of that guardian.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百五十一条（後見監督人の職務） — (Duties of the Guardian Supervisor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-851 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-851 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-851
**第一項** 後見監督人の職務は、次のとおりとする。
art-851/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-851/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-851/par-1
The duties of a guardian supervisor are as follows:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 後見人の事務を監督すること。
art-851/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-851/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-851/par-1/item-1
to supervise the administration of the guardian;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 後見人が欠けた場合に、遅滞なくその選任を家庭裁判所に請求すること。
art-851/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-851/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-851/par-1/item-2
to apply to the family court without delay to appoint a guardian if there comes to no longer be a guardian;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 急迫の事情がある場合に、必要な処分をすること。
art-851/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-851/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-851/par-1/item-3
to take the necessary measures in the event of an emergency; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 後見人又はその代表する者と被後見人との利益が相反する行為について被後見人を代表すること。
art-851/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-851/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-851/par-1/item-4
to represent the ward with respect to acts that constitute a conflict of interest between the ward and the guardian or the person representing the guardian.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百五十二条（委任及び後見人の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Mandate and Guardian Provisions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-852 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-852 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-852
**第一項** 第六百四十四条、第六百五十四条、第六百五十五条、第八百四十四条、第八百四十六条、第八百四十七条、第八百六十一条第二項及び第八百六十二条の規定は後見監督人について、第八百四十条第三項及び第八百五十七条の二の規定は未成年後見監督人について、第八百四十三条第四項、第八百五十九条の二及び第八百五十九条の三の規定は成年後見監督人について準用する。
art-852/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-852/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-852/par-1
The provisions of Article 644; Article 654; Article 655; Article 844; Article 846; Article 847; Article 861, paragraph (2); and Article 862 apply mutatis mutandis to a guardian supervisor; the provisions of Article 840, paragraph (3) and Article 857-2 apply mutatis mutandis to the supervisor for the guardian of a minor, and the provisions of Article 843, paragraph (4); Article 859-2; and Article 859-3 apply mutatis mutandis to the supervisor for the guardian of an adult.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三節 後見の事務 — Section 3 Guardianship Administration
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-5/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-5/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-5/sec-3
### 第八百五十三条（財産の調査及び目録の作成） — (Searching for Assets, Preparing an Inventory)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-853 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-853 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-853
**第一項** 後見人は、遅滞なく被後見人の財産の調査に着手し、一箇月以内に、その調査を終わり、かつ、その目録を作成しなければならない。ただし、この期間は、家庭裁判所において伸長することができる。
art-853/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-853/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-853/par-1
A guardian must undertake a search for the ward's assets without delay, and must finish the search and prepare an inventory within one month; provided, however, that this period may be extended with the approval of the family court.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 財産の調査及びその目録の作成は、後見監督人があるときは、その立会いをもってしなければ、その効力を生じない。
art-853/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-853/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-853/par-2
The search for assets and preparation of an inventory is not valid unless conducted in the presence of the guardian supervisor, if there is one.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百五十四条（財産の目録の作成前の権限） — (Authority Prior to Completion of the Inventory of Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-854 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-854 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-854
**第一項** 後見人は、財産の目録の作成を終わるまでは、急迫の必要がある行為のみをする権限を有する。ただし、これをもって善意の第三者に対抗することができない。
art-854/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-854/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-854/par-1
Until completing the inventory of property, the guardian has only the authority to take those actions that urgently need to be taken; provided, however, that this may not be asserted against a third party in good faith.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百五十五条（後見人の被後見人に対する債権又は債務の申出義務） — (Guardian's Duty to Report Claims and Obligations in Respect of the Ward)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-855 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-855 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-855
**第一項** 後見人が、被後見人に対し、債権を有し、又は債務を負う場合において、後見監督人があるときは、財産の調査に着手する前に、これを後見監督人に申し出なければならない。
art-855/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-855/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-855/par-1
If a guardian holds a claim against the ward or bears an obligation thereto, the guardian must report this to the supervisor, if there is one, before undertaking the search for assets.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 後見人が、被後見人に対し債権を有することを知ってこれを申し出ないときは、その債権を失う。
art-855/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-855/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-855/par-2
If a guardian knows of a claim that the guardian holds against the ward and does not report it, this claim is lost.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百五十六条（被後見人が包括財産を取得した場合についての準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions If a Ward Acquires Property under Universal Title)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-856 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-856 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-856
**第一項** 前三条の規定は、後見人が就職した後被後見人が包括財産を取得した場合について準用する。
art-856/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-856/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-856/par-1
The provisions of the preceding three Articles apply mutatis mutandis if the ward acquires property under universal title after the guardian begins that role.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百五十七条（未成年被後見人の身上の監護に関する権利義務） — (Rights and Duties in Respect of Physical Custody of a Minor Ward)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-857 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-857 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-857
**第一項** 未成年後見人は、第八百二十条から第八百二十三条までに規定する事項について、親権を行う者と同一の権利義務を有する。ただし、親権を行う者が定めた教育の方法及び居所を変更し、営業を許可し、その許可を取り消し、又はこれを制限するには、未成年後見監督人があるときは、その同意を得なければならない。
art-857/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-857/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-857/par-1
The guardian of a minor has the same rights and duties as a person exercising parental authority with respect to the matters prescribed in Article 820 through Article 823;provided, however, that in order to change the plan of education or residence fixed by a person exercising parental authority, in order to give the minor permission to do business, or in order to revoke or limit that permission, the guardian must obtain the consent of the supervisor, if there is one.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百五十七条の二（未成年後見人が数人ある場合の権限の行使等） — (Exercise of Authority; Minor Ward with Multiple Guardians)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-857-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-857-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-857-2
**第一項** 未成年後見人が数人あるときは、共同してその権限を行使する。
art-857-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-857-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-857-2/par-1
If a minor ward has multiple guardians, they exercise their authority jointly.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 未成年後見人が数人あるときは、家庭裁判所は、職権で、その一部の者について、財産に関する権限のみを行使すべきことを定めることができる。
art-857-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-857-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-857-2/par-2
If a minor ward has multiple guardians, the family court may determine sua sponte that some of the guardians may only exercise their authority over the minor's property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 未成年後見人が数人あるときは、家庭裁判所は、職権で、財産に関する権限について、各未成年後見人が単独で又は数人の未成年後見人が事務を分掌して、その権限を行使すべきことを定めることができる。
art-857-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-857-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-857-2/par-3
If a minor ward has multiple guardians, the family court may determine sua sponte that each guardian may exercise authority independently, or that the multiple guardians must exercise their authority according to a division of labor, in respect of their authority over the minor's property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 家庭裁判所は、職権で、前二項の規定による定めを取り消すことができる。
art-857-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-857-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-857-2/par-4
The family court may rescind, sua sponte, a determination under the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 未成年後見人が数人あるときは、第三者の意思表示は、その一人に対してすれば足りる。
art-857-2/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-857-2/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-857-2/par-5
If a minor ward has multiple guardians, it is sufficient for a manifestation of intention by a third party be made to one of them.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百五十八条（成年被後見人の意思の尊重及び身上の配慮） — (Respect for the Wishes of the Adult Ward, Personal Consideration)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-858 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-858 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-858
**第一項** 成年後見人は、成年被後見人の生活、療養看護及び財産の管理に関する事務を行うに当たっては、成年被後見人の意思を尊重し、かつ、その心身の状態及び生活の状況に配慮しなければならない。
art-858/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-858/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-858/par-1
The guardian of an adult, in undertaking administration in respect of the daily life, medical treatment or care, and management of the property of the adult ward, must respect the wishes of the adult ward and act with consideration for the ward's mental and physical condition and circumstances in the ward's daily life.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百五十九条（財産の管理及び代表） — (Management of the Ward's Property; Representation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-859 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-859 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-859
**第一項** 後見人は、被後見人の財産を管理し、かつ、その財産に関する法律行為について被後見人を代表する。
art-859/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-859/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-859/par-1
The guardian manages the ward's property and represents the ward in juridical acts involving the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第八百二十四条ただし書の規定は、前項の場合について準用する。
art-859/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-859/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-859/par-2
The provisions of the proviso to Article 824 apply mutatis mutandis to a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百五十九条の二（成年後見人が数人ある場合の権限の行使等） — (Exercise of Authority; Adult Ward with Multiple Guardians)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-859-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-859-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-859-2
**第一項** 成年後見人が数人あるときは、家庭裁判所は、職権で、数人の成年後見人が、共同して又は事務を分掌して、その権限を行使すべきことを定めることができる。
art-859-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-859-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-859-2/par-1
If an adult ward has multiple guardians, the family court may determine, sua sponte, that the guardians must exercise their authority jointly or according to a division of labor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 家庭裁判所は、職権で、前項の規定による定めを取り消すことができる。
art-859-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-859-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-859-2/par-2
The family court may rescind, sua sponte, a determination under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 成年後見人が数人あるときは、第三者の意思表示は、その一人に対してすれば足りる。
art-859-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-859-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-859-2/par-3
If an adult ward has multiple guardians, it is sufficient for a manifestation of intention by a third party to be made to one of them.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百五十九条の三（成年被後見人の居住用不動産の処分についての許可） — (Permission to Dispose of Real Estate Used as an Adult Ward's Residence)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-859-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-859-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-859-3
**第一項** 成年後見人は、成年被後見人に代わって、その居住の用に供する建物又はその敷地について、売却、賃貸、賃貸借の解除又は抵当権の設定その他これらに準ずる処分をするには、家庭裁判所の許可を得なければならない。
art-859-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-859-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-859-3/par-1
The guardian of an adult must obtain the permission of the family court to sell, rent out, cancel the lease on, establish a mortgage on, or otherwise similarly dispose, on the adult ward's behalf, of a building or site being used as the ward's residence.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百六十条（利益相反行為） — (Acts in Conflict of Interest)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-860 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-860 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-860
**第一項** 第八百二十六条の規定は、後見人について準用する。ただし、後見監督人がある場合は、この限りでない。
art-860/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-860/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-860/par-1
The provisions of Article 826 apply mutatis mutandis to a guardian; provided, however, that this does not apply if there is a guardian supervisor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百六十条の二（成年後見人による郵便物等の管理） — Management of Postal Items, etc. by an Adult Guardian
caption: machine translation, not official
art-860-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-860-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-860-2
**第一項** 家庭裁判所は、成年後見人がその事務を行うに当たって必要があると認めるときは、成年後見人の請求により、信書の送達の事業を行う者に対し、期間を定めて、成年被後見人に宛てた郵便物又は民間事業者による信書の送達に関する法律（平成十四年法律第九十九号）第二条第三項に規定する信書便物（次条において「郵便物等」という。）を成年後見人に配達すべき旨を嘱託することができる。
art-860-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-860-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-860-2/par-1
If the family court finds it necessary for an adult guardian to perform the guardian's duties, it may, at the request of the adult guardian, commission a person engaged in the business of delivering correspondence to deliver to the adult guardian, for a specified period, postal items addressed to the adult ward or correspondence delivery items prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (3) of the Act on Correspondence Delivery by Private Business Operators (Act No. 99 of 2002) (referred to as "postal items, etc." in the following Article).
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項に規定する嘱託の期間は、六箇月を超えることができない。
art-860-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-860-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-860-2/par-2
The period of the commission prescribed in the preceding paragraph may not exceed six months.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 家庭裁判所は、第一項の規定による審判があった後事情に変更を生じたときは、成年被後見人、成年後見人若しくは成年後見監督人の請求により又は職権で、同項に規定する嘱託を取り消し、又は変更することができる。ただし、その変更の審判においては、同項の規定による審判において定められた期間を伸長することができない。
art-860-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-860-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-860-2/par-3
If circumstances change after a ruling under paragraph (1) has been issued, the family court may revoke or modify the commission prescribed in that paragraph, at the request of the adult ward, the adult guardian, or the adult guardian's supervisor, or sua sponte; provided, however, that in the ruling for the modification, the period determined in the ruling under that paragraph may not be extended.
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 成年後見人の任務が終了したときは、家庭裁判所は、第一項に規定する嘱託を取り消さなければならない。
art-860-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-860-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-860-2/par-4
When the duties of the adult guardian have ended, the family court must revoke the commission prescribed in paragraph (1).
machine translation, not official
### 第八百六十条の三
art-860-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-860-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-860-3
**第一項** 成年後見人は、成年被後見人に宛てた郵便物等を受け取ったときは、これを開いて見ることができる。
art-860-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-860-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-860-3/par-1
When an adult guardian receives postal items, etc. addressed to the adult ward, the adult guardian may open and view them.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 成年後見人は、その受け取った前項の郵便物等で成年後見人の事務に関しないものは、速やかに成年被後見人に交付しなければならない。
art-860-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-860-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-860-3/par-2
An adult guardian must promptly deliver to the adult ward those of the postal items, etc. referred to in the preceding paragraph that the adult guardian has received which do not relate to the adult guardian's duties.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 成年被後見人は、成年後見人に対し、成年後見人が受け取った第一項の郵便物等（前項の規定により成年被後見人に交付されたものを除く。）の閲覧を求めることができる。
art-860-3/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-860-3/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-860-3/par-3
An adult ward may request the adult guardian to allow inspection of the postal items, etc. referred to in paragraph (1) that the adult guardian has received (excluding those delivered to the adult ward under the preceding paragraph).
machine translation, not official
### 第八百六十一条（支出金額の予定及び後見の事務の費用） — (Estimation of Expenditures, Expenses of Guardianship Administration)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-861 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-861 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-861
**第一項** 後見人は、その就職の初めにおいて、被後見人の生活、教育又は療養看護及び財産の管理のために毎年支出すべき金額を予定しなければならない。
art-861/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-861/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-861/par-1
Upon beginning in the role of guardian, the guardian must estimate the amount of money that will be required in annual expenditures for the daily life, education, medical treatment and care, and management of the ward's property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 後見人が後見の事務を行うために必要な費用は、被後見人の財産の中から支弁する。
art-861/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-861/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-861/par-2
A guardian pays the expenses necessary for administering the guardianship out of the ward's property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百六十二条（後見人の報酬） — (Remuneration of the Guardian)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-862 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-862 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-862
**第一項** 家庭裁判所は、後見人及び被後見人の資力その他の事情によって、被後見人の財産の中から、相当な報酬を後見人に与えることができる。
art-862/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-862/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-862/par-1
The family court may grant reasonable remuneration to a guardian out of the ward's property, based on the financial capacity of the guardian and the ward and other circumstances.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百六十三条（後見の事務の監督） — (Supervision of Guardianship Administration)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-863 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-863 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-863
**第一項** 後見監督人又は家庭裁判所は、いつでも、後見人に対し後見の事務の報告若しくは財産の目録の提出を求め、又は後見の事務若しくは被後見人の財産の状況を調査することができる。
art-863/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-863/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-863/par-1
At any time, the guardian supervisor or the family court may demand that the guardian submit a report on the guardianship administration or an inventory of property, and may investigate the guardianship administration or the financial status of the ward.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 家庭裁判所は、後見監督人、被後見人若しくはその親族その他の利害関係人の請求により又は職権で、被後見人の財産の管理その他後見の事務について必要な処分を命ずることができる。
art-863/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-863/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-863/par-2
The family court may order any necessary disposition with respect to the management of the ward's property or other guardianship administration, at the request of the guardian supervisor, the ward, the relative thereof, or any other interested person, or sua sponte.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百六十四条（後見監督人の同意を要する行為） — (Acts Requiring the Consent of the Guardian Supervisor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-864 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-864 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-864
**第一項** 後見人が、被後見人に代わって営業若しくは第十三条第一項各号に掲げる行為をし、又は未成年被後見人がこれをすることに同意するには、後見監督人があるときは、その同意を得なければならない。ただし、同項第一号に掲げる元本の領収については、この限りでない。
art-864/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-864/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-864/par-1
A guardian must obtain the consent of the guardian supervisor, if there is one, in order to do business or perform an act set forth in one of the items of Article 13, paragraph (1) on behalf of a ward, or in order to give consent for a minor ward to do the same; provided, however, that this does not apply to the receipt of principal set forth in Article 13, paragraph (1), item (i).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百六十五条
art-865 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-865 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-865
**第一項** 後見人が、前条の規定に違反してし又は同意を与えた行為は、被後見人又は後見人が取り消すことができる。この場合においては、第二十条の規定を準用する。
art-865/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-865/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-865/par-1
The ward or guardian may disaffirm an act conducted or consented to by the guardian in violation of the provisions of the preceding Article. The provisions of Article 20 apply mutatis mutandis in such a case.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、第百二十一条から第百二十六条までの規定の適用を妨げない。
art-865/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-865/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-865/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not preclude the application of the provisions of Article 121 through Article 126.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百六十六条（被後見人の財産等の譲受けの取消し） — (Ward's Disaffirmance of the Acquisition of Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-866 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-866 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-866
**第一項** 後見人が被後見人の財産又は被後見人に対する第三者の権利を譲り受けたときは、被後見人は、これを取り消すことができる。この場合においては、第二十条の規定を準用する。
art-866/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-866/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-866/par-1
If a guardian acquires the property of the ward or the right of a third party against the ward, the ward may disaffirm that acquisition. In this case, the provisions of Article 20 apply mutatis mutandis.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、第百二十一条から第百二十六条までの規定の適用を妨げない。
art-866/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-866/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-866/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not preclude the application of the provisions of Article 121 through Article 126.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百六十七条（未成年被後見人に代わる親権の行使） — (Exercising Parental Authority in Place of a Minor Ward)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-867 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-867 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-867
**第一項** 未成年後見人は、未成年被後見人に代わって親権を行う。
art-867/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-867/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-867/par-1
The guardian of a minor acts in place of the minor ward in exercising any parental authority the ward holds.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第八百五十三条から第八百五十七条まで及び第八百六十一条から前条までの規定は、前項の場合について準用する。
art-867/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-867/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-867/par-2
The provisions of Article 853 through Article 857 and Article 861 through Article 866 apply mutatis mutandis to a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百六十八条（財産に関する権限のみを有する未成年後見人） — (Guardian of a Minor with Authority Only over the Minor's Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-868 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-868 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-868
**第一項** 親権を行う者が管理権を有しない場合には、未成年後見人は、財産に関する権限のみを有する。
art-868/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-868/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-868/par-1
If the person exercising parental authority does not have the right to manage the minor's property, the guardian of that minor has authority only over the minor's property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百六十九条（委任及び親権の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Mandate and Parental Authority Provisions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-869 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-869 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-869
**第一項** 第六百四十四条及び第八百三十条の規定は、後見について準用する。
art-869/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-869/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-869/par-1
The provisions of Article 644 and Article 830 apply mutatis mutandis to guardianship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四節 後見の終了 — Section 4 End of Guardianship
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-5/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-5/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-5/sec-4
### 第八百七十条（後見の計算） — (Accounting for the Guardianship)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-870 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-870 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-870
**第一項** 後見人の任務が終了したときは、後見人又はその相続人は、二箇月以内にその管理の計算（以下「後見の計算」という。）をしなければならない。ただし、この期間は、家庭裁判所において伸長することができる。
art-870/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-870/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-870/par-1
When the duties of a guardian come to an end, the guardian or the heir thereof must account for the guardian's management of the ward's property (hereinafter referred to as "accounting for the guardianship") within two months; provided, however, that this period may be extended with the approval of the family court.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百七十一条
art-871 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-871 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-871
**第一項** 後見の計算は、後見監督人があるときは、その立会いをもってしなければならない。
art-871/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-871/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-871/par-1
Accounting for the guardianship must be done in the presence of the guardian supervisor, if there is one.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百七十二条（未成年被後見人と未成年後見人等との間の契約等の取消し） — (Rescission of Contracts between the Minor Ward and the Guardian)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-872 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-872 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-872
**第一項** 未成年被後見人が成年に達した後後見の計算の終了前に、その者と未成年後見人又はその相続人との間でした契約は、その者が取り消すことができる。その者が未成年後見人又はその相続人に対してした単独行為も、同様とする。
art-872/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-872/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-872/par-1
A minor ward may rescind a contract entered into with the guardian or the successor thereof after attaining the age of majority but before the accounting for the guardianship has been finalized. The same applies to a unilateral juridical act that the person performs against the guardian of a minor or the successor thereof.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第二十条及び第百二十一条から第百二十六条までの規定は、前項の場合について準用する。
art-872/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-872/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-872/par-2
The provisions of Article 20 and Article 121 through Article 126 apply mutatis mutandis to a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百七十三条（返還金に対する利息の支払等） — (Payment of Interest against Money Refunded)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-873 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-873 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-873
**第一項** 後見人が被後見人に返還すべき金額及び被後見人が後見人に返還すべき金額には、後見の計算が終了した時から、利息を付さなければならない。
art-873/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-873/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-873/par-1
Interest must be calculated to accrue on money to be refunded by the guardian to the ward and money to be refunded by the ward to the guardian from the time the accounting for the guardianship is finalized.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 後見人は、自己のために被後見人の金銭を消費したときは、その消費の時から、これに利息を付さなければならない。この場合において、なお損害があるときは、その賠償の責任を負う。
art-873/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-873/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-873/par-2
If the guardian expends the ward's money for the benefit of the guardian, interest must be calculated to accrue on that money from the time of the expenditure. In such a case, if further damage is incurred by the ward, the guardian is liable for compensation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百七十三条の二（成年被後見人の死亡後の成年後見人の権限） — Authority of an Adult Guardian after the Death of the Adult Ward
caption: machine translation, not official
art-873-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-873-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-873-2
**第一項** 成年後見人は、成年被後見人が死亡した場合において、必要があるときは、成年被後見人の相続人の意思に反することが明らかなときを除き、相続人が相続財産を管理することができるに至るまで、次に掲げる行為をすることができる。ただし、第三号に掲げる行為をするには、家庭裁判所の許可を得なければならない。
art-873-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-873-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-873-2/par-1
If an adult ward dies, an adult guardian may, when necessary, perform the acts set forth in the following items until an heir becomes able to administer the estate, except where it is clear that doing so would be contrary to the intention of the heir of the adult ward; provided, however, that to perform the act set forth in item (iii), the adult guardian must obtain the permission of the family court.
machine translation, not official
**一** 相続財産に属する特定の財産の保存に必要な行為
art-873-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-873-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-873-2/par-1/item-1
an act necessary for the preservation of specific property belonging to the estate;
machine translation, not official
**二** 相続財産に属する債務（弁済期が到来しているものに限る。）の弁済
art-873-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-873-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-873-2/par-1/item-2
performance of an obligation belonging to the estate (limited to one that is due and payable);
machine translation, not official
**三** その死体の火葬又は埋葬に関する契約の締結その他相続財産の保存に必要な行為（前二号に掲げる行為を除く。）
art-873-2/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-873-2/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-873-2/par-1/item-3
the conclusion of a contract concerning the cremation or burial of the adult ward's body, or any other act necessary for the preservation of the estate (excluding the acts set forth in the preceding two items).
machine translation, not official
### 第八百七十四条（委任の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Mandate Provisions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-874 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-874 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-874
**第一項** 第六百五十四条及び第六百五十五条の規定は、後見について準用する。
art-874/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-874/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-874/par-1
The provisions of Article 654 and Article 655 apply mutatis mutandis to guardianship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百七十五条（後見に関して生じた債権の消滅時効） — (Extinctive Prescription of Claims Arising in Respect of Guardianship)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-875 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-875 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-875
**第一項** 第八百三十二条の規定は、後見人又は後見監督人と被後見人との間において後見に関して生じた債権の消滅時効について準用する。
art-875/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-875/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-875/par-1
The provisions of Article 832 apply mutatis mutandis to the extinctive prescription of a claim that arises between the guardian or guardian supervisor and the ward in respect of the guardianship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の消滅時効は、第八百七十二条の規定により法律行為を取り消した場合には、その取消しの時から起算する。
art-875/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-875/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-875/par-2
If a juridical act is canceled pursuant to the provisions of Article 872, the period of extinctive prescription referred to in the preceding paragraph commences from the time of that cancellation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第六章 保佐及び補助 — Chapter VI Curatorship, Assistance
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-6
## 第一節 保佐 — Section 1 Curatorship
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-6/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-6/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-6/sec-1
### 第八百七十六条（保佐の開始） — (Commencement of Curatorship)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-876 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876
**第一項** 保佐は、保佐開始の審判によって開始する。
art-876/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876/par-1
Curatorship commences upon a decision to establish a curatorship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百七十六条の二（保佐人及び臨時保佐人の選任等） — (Appointment of a Curator or Temporary Curator)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-876-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-2
**第一項** 家庭裁判所は、保佐開始の審判をするときは、職権で、保佐人を選任する。
art-876-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-2/par-1
If the family court issues a decision to establish a curatorship, it appoints a curator sua sponte.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第八百四十三条第二項から第四項まで及び第八百四十四条から第八百四十七条までの規定は、保佐人について準用する。
art-876-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-2/par-2
The provisions of Article 843, paragraphs (2) through (4) and Article 844 through Article 847 apply mutatis mutandis to a curator.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 保佐人又はその代表する者と被保佐人との利益が相反する行為については、保佐人は、臨時保佐人の選任を家庭裁判所に請求しなければならない。ただし、保佐監督人がある場合は、この限りでない。
art-876-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-2/par-3
If an action involves a conflict of interest between the curator or person representing the curator and the person under curatorship, the curator must request the family court to appoint a temporary curator; provided, however, that this does not apply if there is a curator supervisor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百七十六条の三（保佐監督人） — (Curator Supervisor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-876-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-3
**第一項** 家庭裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、被保佐人、その親族若しくは保佐人の請求により又は職権で、保佐監督人を選任することができる。
art-876-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-3/par-1
The family court may appoint a curator supervisor, if it finds this to be necessary, at the request of the person under curatorship, the relative thereof, the curator, or sua sponte.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第六百四十四条、第六百五十四条、第六百五十五条、第八百四十三条第四項、第八百四十四条、第八百四十六条、第八百四十七条、第八百五十条、第八百五十一条、第八百五十九条の二、第八百五十九条の三、第八百六十一条第二項及び第八百六十二条の規定は、保佐監督人について準用する。この場合において、第八百五十一条第四号中「被後見人を代表する」とあるのは、「被保佐人を代表し、又は被保佐人がこれをすることに同意する」と読み替えるものとする。
art-876-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-3/par-2
The provisions of Article 644; Article 654; Article 655; Article 843, paragraph (4); Article 844; Article 846; Article 847; Article 850; Article 851; Article 859-2; Article 859-3; Article 861, paragraph (2); and Article 862 apply mutatis mutandis to a curator supervisor. In this case, the phrase "to represent the ward with respect to" in Article 851, item (iv) is deemed to be replaced with "to represent the person under curatorship, or consent to the person under curatorship acting, with respect to".
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百七十六条の四（保佐人に代理権を付与する旨の審判） — (Ruling Granting the Curator the Authority to Represent)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-876-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-4
**第一項** 家庭裁判所は、第十一条本文に規定する者又は保佐人若しくは保佐監督人の請求によって、被保佐人のために特定の法律行為について保佐人に代理権を付与する旨の審判をすることができる。
art-876-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-4/par-1
At the request of a person provided for in the main clause of Article 11, the curator, or the curator supervisor, the family court may issue a ruling that grants the curator authority to represent the person under curatorship in respect of specified juridical acts.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 本人以外の者の請求によって前項の審判をするには、本人の同意がなければならない。
art-876-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-4/par-2
A ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph which is issued at the request of any person other than the person under curatorship requires the consent of the person under curatorship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 家庭裁判所は、第一項に規定する者の請求によって、同項の審判の全部又は一部を取り消すことができる。
art-876-4/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-4/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-4/par-3
The family court may rescind a ruling as referred to in paragraph (1), in whole or in part, at the request of a person provided for in that paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百七十六条の五（保佐の事務及び保佐人の任務の終了等） — (Curatorship Administration; End of the Curator's Role)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-876-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-5
**第一項** 保佐人は、保佐の事務を行うに当たっては、被保佐人の意思を尊重し、かつ、その心身の状態及び生活の状況に配慮しなければならない。
art-876-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-5/par-1
A curator, in administering the curatorship, must respect the wishes of the person under curatorship and act with consideration for the mental and physical condition of the person under curatorship and circumstances in that person's daily life.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第六百四十四条、第八百五十九条の二、第八百五十九条の三、第八百六十一条第二項、第八百六十二条及び第八百六十三条の規定は保佐の事務について、第八百二十四条ただし書の規定は保佐人が前条第一項の代理権を付与する旨の審判に基づき被保佐人を代表する場合について準用する。
art-876-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-5/par-2
The provisions of Article 644; Article 859-2; Article 859-3; Article 861, paragraph (2); Article 862; and Article 863 apply mutatis mutandis to the administration of a curatorship, and the provisions of the proviso to Article 824 apply mutatis mutandis when a curator represents a person under curatorship based on a ruling granting authority to represent as referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第六百五十四条、第六百五十五条、第八百七十条、第八百七十一条及び第八百七十三条の規定は保佐人の任務が終了した場合について、第八百三十二条の規定は保佐人又は保佐監督人と被保佐人との間において保佐に関して生じた債権について準用する。
art-876-5/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-5/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-5/par-3
The provisions of Article 654, Article 655, Article 870, Article 871, and Article 873 apply mutatis mutandis when the duties of a curator end, and the provisions of Article 832 apply mutatis mutandis to claims that arise between the curator or curator supervisor and the person under curatorship in respect of the curatorship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二節 補助 — Section 2 Assistance
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-6/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-6/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-6/sec-2
### 第八百七十六条の六（補助の開始） — (Commencement of Assistance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-876-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-6
**第一項** 補助は、補助開始の審判によって開始する。
art-876-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-6/par-1
Assistance commences upon a decision to establish an assistance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百七十六条の七（補助人及び臨時補助人の選任等） — (Appointment of an Assistant or Temporary Assistant)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-876-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-7
**第一項** 家庭裁判所は、補助開始の審判をするときは、職権で、補助人を選任する。
art-876-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-7/par-1
If the family court issues a decision to establish an assistance, it appoints an assistant sua sponte.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第八百四十三条第二項から第四項まで及び第八百四十四条から第八百四十七条までの規定は、補助人について準用する。
art-876-7/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-7/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-7/par-2
The provisions of Article 843, paragraphs (2) through (4) and Article 844 through Article 847 apply mutatis mutandis to an assistant.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 補助人又はその代表する者と被補助人との利益が相反する行為については、補助人は、臨時補助人の選任を家庭裁判所に請求しなければならない。ただし、補助監督人がある場合は、この限りでない。
art-876-7/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-7/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-7/par-3
If an action involves a conflict of interest between the assistant or person representing the assistant and the person under assistance, the assistant must request the family court to appoint a temporary assistant; provided, however, that this does not apply if there is an assistant supervisor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百七十六条の八（補助監督人） — (Assistant Supervisors)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-876-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-8
**第一項** 家庭裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、被補助人、その親族若しくは補助人の請求により又は職権で、補助監督人を選任することができる。
art-876-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-8/par-1
The family court may appoint an assistant supervisor if it finds this to be necessary, at the request of the person under assistance, the relative thereof, the assistant, or sua sponte.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第六百四十四条、第六百五十四条、第六百五十五条、第八百四十三条第四項、第八百四十四条、第八百四十六条、第八百四十七条、第八百五十条、第八百五十一条、第八百五十九条の二、第八百五十九条の三、第八百六十一条第二項及び第八百六十二条の規定は、補助監督人について準用する。この場合において、第八百五十一条第四号中「被後見人を代表する」とあるのは、「被補助人を代表し、又は被補助人がこれをすることに同意する」と読み替えるものとする。
art-876-8/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-8/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-8/par-2
The provisions of Article 644; Article 654; Article 655; Article 843, paragraph (4); Article 844; Article 846; Article 847; Article 850; Article 851; Article 859-2; Article 859-3; Article 861, paragraph (2); and Article 862 apply mutatis mutandis to an assistant supervisor. In this case, the phrase "to represent the ward with respect to" in Article 851, item (iv) is deemed to be replaced with "to represent the person under assistance, or consent to the person under assistance acting, with respect to".
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百七十六条の九（補助人に代理権を付与する旨の審判） — (Ruling Granting the Assistant the Authority to Represent)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-876-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-9
**第一項** 家庭裁判所は、第十五条第一項本文に規定する者又は補助人若しくは補助監督人の請求によって、被補助人のために特定の法律行為について補助人に代理権を付与する旨の審判をすることができる。
art-876-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-9/par-1
At the request of a person provided for in the main clause of Article 15, paragraph (1), the assistant, or the assistant supervisor, the family court may issue a ruling that grants the assistant authority to represent the person under assistance in respect of specified juridical acts.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第八百七十六条の四第二項及び第三項の規定は、前項の審判について準用する。
art-876-9/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-9/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-9/par-2
The provisions of Article 876-4, paragraph (2) and paragraph (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the ruling referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百七十六条の十（補助の事務及び補助人の任務の終了等） — (Assistance Administration; End of the Assistant's Role)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-876-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-10
**第一項** 第六百四十四条、第八百五十九条の二、第八百五十九条の三、第八百六十一条第二項、第八百六十二条、第八百六十三条及び第八百七十六条の五第一項の規定は補助の事務について、第八百二十四条ただし書の規定は補助人が前条第一項の代理権を付与する旨の審判に基づき被補助人を代表する場合について準用する。
art-876-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-10/par-1
The provisions of Article 644; Article 859-2; Article 859-3; Article 861, paragraph (2); Article 862; Article 863; and Article 876-5, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis to the administration of assistance, and the provisions of the proviso to Article 824 apply mutatis mutandis when an assistant represents a person under assistance based on a ruling granting the assistant authority to represent as referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第六百五十四条、第六百五十五条、第八百七十条、第八百七十一条及び第八百七十三条の規定は補助人の任務が終了した場合について、第八百三十二条の規定は補助人又は補助監督人と被補助人との間において補助に関して生じた債権について準用する。
art-876-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-876-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-876-10/par-2
The provisions of Article 654, Article 655, Article 870, Article 871, and Article 873 apply mutatis mutandis when the duties of the assistant end, and the provisions of Article 832 apply mutatis mutandis to claims that arise between the assistant or assistant supervisor and the person under assistance in respect of the assistance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第七章 扶養 — Chapter VII Support
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-7
### 第八百七十七条（扶養義務者） — (Persons under a Duty to Support One Another)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-877 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-877 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-877
**第一項** 直系血族及び兄弟姉妹は、互いに扶養をする義務がある。
art-877/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-877/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-877/par-1
Lineal blood relatives and siblings have a duty to support one another.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 家庭裁判所は、特別の事情があるときは、前項に規定する場合のほか、三親等内の親族間においても扶養の義務を負わせることができる。
art-877/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-877/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-877/par-2
If there are special circumstances, the family court may also impose a duty of support between relatives of up to the third degree, beyond what is prescribed in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項の規定による審判があった後事情に変更を生じたときは、家庭裁判所は、その審判を取り消すことができる。
art-877/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-877/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-877/par-3
If an alteration in circumstances arises after a ruling under the provisions of the preceding paragraph is issued, the family court may revoke that ruling.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百七十八条（扶養の順位） — (Order in Which Persons Support a Relative)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-878 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-878 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-878
**第一項** 扶養をする義務のある者が数人ある場合において、扶養をすべき者の順序について、当事者間に協議が調わないとき、又は協議をすることができないときは、家庭裁判所が、これを定める。扶養を受ける権利のある者が数人ある場合において、扶養義務者の資力がその全員を扶養するのに足りないときの扶養を受けるべき者の順序についても、同様とする。
art-878/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-878/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-878/par-1
In the event that several persons are under a duty to support a relative, if no agreement between the parties is reached with respect to the order in which they will support that relative or if discussions toward such an agreement cannot be held, the family court determines that order. The same applies if there are several persons entitled to receive such support and the financial capacity of the person under a duty to support them is insufficient to support them all.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百七十九条（扶養の程度又は方法） — (Extent and Form of Support)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-879 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-879 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-879
**第一項** 扶養の程度又は方法について、当事者間に協議が調わないとき、又は協議をすることができないときは、扶養権利者の需要、扶養義務者の資力その他一切の事情を考慮して、家庭裁判所が、これを定める。
art-879/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-879/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-879/par-1
If no agreement between the parties is reached with respect to the extent and form of support or if discussions toward such an agreement cannot be held, the family court determines this in consideration of the needs of the person entitled to support, the financial capacity of the person under a duty to give support, and all other circumstances.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百八十条（扶養に関する協議又は審判の変更又は取消し） — (Alteration or Revocation of an Agreement or Ruling with Regard to Support)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-880 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-880 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-880
**第一項** 扶養をすべき者若しくは扶養を受けるべき者の順序又は扶養の程度若しくは方法について協議又は審判があった後事情に変更を生じたときは、家庭裁判所は、その協議又は審判の変更又は取消しをすることができる。
art-880/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-880/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-880/par-1
If an alteration in circumstances arises after an agreement or ruling on the order in which persons are under a duty to support a relative, the order in which persons are entitled to receive support, or the extent or form of support, the family court may alter or revoke the agreement or ruling.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百八十一条（扶養請求権の処分の禁止） — (Prohibition on Disposal of the Right to Claim Support)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-881 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-881 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-881
**第一項** 扶養を受ける権利は、処分することができない。
art-881/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-881/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-881/par-1
The right to receive support may not be disposed of.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第五編 相続 — Part V Succession
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5
## 第一章 総則 — Chapter I General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-1
### 第八百八十二条（相続開始の原因） — (Cause for the Opening of the Succession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-882 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-882 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-882
**第一項** 相続は、死亡によって開始する。
art-882/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-882/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-882/par-1
Succession opens at the death of the person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百八十三条（相続開始の場所） — (Place for the Opening of Succession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-883 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-883 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-883
**第一項** 相続は、被相続人の住所において開始する。
art-883/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-883/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-883/par-1
Succession opens in the domicile of the decedent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百八十四条（相続回復請求権） — (Right to File for the Recovery of a Succession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-884 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-884 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-884
**第一項** 相続回復の請求権は、相続人又はその法定代理人が相続権を侵害された事実を知った時から五年間行使しないときは、時効によって消滅する。相続開始の時から二十年を経過したときも、同様とする。
art-884/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-884/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-884/par-1
The right to file for the recovery of a succession is extinguished by the operation of the prescription if it is not exercised within five years of the time when the heir or the legal representative thereof learns of the fact that the right of inheritance has been infringed. The same applies when twenty years have elapsed from the time the succession opened.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百八十五条（相続財産に関する費用） — (Expenses Relating to an Estate)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-885 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-885 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-885
**第一項** 相続財産に関する費用は、その財産の中から支弁する。ただし、相続人の過失によるものは、この限りでない。
art-885/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-885/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-885/par-1
The expenses of an estate are paid out of that estate; provided, however, that this does not apply to expenses resulting from the negligence of the heir.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二章 相続人 — Chapter II Heirs
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-2
### 第八百八十六条（相続に関する胎児の権利能力） — (Unborn Child's Legal Capacity to Hold Rights of Succession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-886 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-886 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-886
**第一項** 胎児は、相続については、既に生まれたものとみなす。
art-886/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-886/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-886/par-1
An unborn child is deemed to have already been born as regards succession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、胎児が死体で生まれたときは、適用しない。
art-886/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-886/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-886/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the child is stillborn.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百八十七条（子及びその代襲者等の相続権） — (Right of Inheritance of Children and Their Heirs, Per Stirpes)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-887 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-887 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-887
**第一項** 被相続人の子は、相続人となる。
art-887/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-887/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-887/par-1
The children of the decedent become heirs thereof.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 被相続人の子が、相続の開始以前に死亡したとき、又は第八百九十一条の規定に該当し、若しくは廃除によって、その相続権を失ったときは、その者の子がこれを代襲して相続人となる。ただし、被相続人の直系卑属でない者は、この限りでない。
art-887/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-887/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-887/par-2
If a child of the decedent dies before the opening of the succession or loses the right of inheritance through the application of the provisions of Article 891 or through disinheritance, the children of such a child become heirs of the decedent, per stirpes; provided, however, that this does not apply to a person who is not a lineal descendant of the decedent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項の規定は、代襲者が、相続の開始以前に死亡し、又は第八百九十一条の規定に該当し、若しくは廃除によって、その代襲相続権を失った場合について準用する。
art-887/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-887/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-887/par-3
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if a person who would have become an heir per stirpes dies before the opening of the succession or if that person loses the right to take per stirpes through the application of the provisions of Article 891 or through disinheritance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百八十八条 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-888 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-888 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-888
**第一項** 削除
art-888/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-888/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-888/par-1
Deleted
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百八十九条（直系尊属及び兄弟姉妹の相続権） — (Right of Inheritance of Lineal Ascendants and Siblings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-889 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-889 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-889
**第一項** 次に掲げる者は、第八百八十七条の規定により相続人となるべき者がない場合には、次に掲げる順序の順位に従って相続人となる。
art-889/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-889/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-889/par-1
If no one becomes an heir pursuant to the provisions of Article 887, the following persons become heirs in accordance with their places in the line of succession, in the following order:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 被相続人の直系尊属。ただし、親等の異なる者の間では、その近い者を先にする。
art-889/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-889/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-889/par-1/item-1
lineal ascendants of the decedent; provided, however, that between persons of differing degrees of kinship, persons of a closer degree of kinship to the decedent have priority in inheritance;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 被相続人の兄弟姉妹
art-889/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-889/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-889/par-1/item-2
siblings of the decedent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第八百八十七条第二項の規定は、前項第二号の場合について準用する。
art-889/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-889/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-889/par-2
The provisions of Article 887, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis in a case as referred to in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百九十条（配偶者の相続権） — (Spousal Right of Inheritance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-890 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-890 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-890
**第一項** 被相続人の配偶者は、常に相続人となる。この場合において、第八百八十七条又は前条の規定により相続人となるべき者があるときは、その者と同順位とする。
art-890/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-890/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-890/par-1
The spouse of the decedent always becomes an heir. In this, if someone is to become an heir pursuant to the provisions of Article 887 or the preceding Article, the spouse takes the same place in the line of succession as that person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百九十一条（相続人の欠格事由） — (Grounds for Ineligibility as an Heir)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-891 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-891 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-891
**第一項** 次に掲げる者は、相続人となることができない。
art-891/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-891/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-891/par-1
None of the following persons may become heirs of the decedent:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 故意に被相続人又は相続について先順位若しくは同順位にある者を死亡するに至らせ、又は至らせようとしたために、刑に処せられた者
art-891/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-891/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-891/par-1/item-1
a person who has received a criminal sentence for intentionally causing or attempting to cause the death of the decedent or the death of a person with an equal or prior place in the line of succession;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 被相続人の殺害されたことを知って、これを告発せず、又は告訴しなかった者。ただし、その者に是非の弁別がないとき、又は殺害者が自己の配偶者若しくは直系血族であったときは、この限りでない。
art-891/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-891/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-891/par-1/item-2
a person who knows that the decedent was killed by someone but made no formal accusation or criminal complaint about this; provided, however, that this does not apply if the person cannot discern right from wrong, or if the killer was that person's spouse or lineal relative;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 詐欺又は強迫によって、被相続人が相続に関する遺言をし、撤回し、取り消し、又は変更することを妨げた者
art-891/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-891/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-891/par-1/item-3
a person who has prevented the decedent from making, revoking, rescinding, or changing a will as regards succession, through fraud or duress;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 詐欺又は強迫によって、被相続人に相続に関する遺言をさせ、撤回させ、取り消させ、又は変更させた者
art-891/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-891/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-891/par-1/item-4
a person who has forced the decedent to make, revoke, rescind, or change a will as regards succession, through fraud or duress; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**五** 相続に関する被相続人の遺言書を偽造し、変造し、破棄し、又は隠匿した者
art-891/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-891/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-891/par-1/item-5
a person who forges, alters, destroys, or conceals the will of the decedent as regards succession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百九十二条（推定相続人の廃除） — (Disinheritance of a Presumptive Heir)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-892 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-892 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-892
**第一項** 遺留分を有する推定相続人（相続が開始した場合に相続人となるべき者をいう。以下同じ。）が、被相続人に対して虐待をし、若しくはこれに重大な侮辱を加えたとき、又は推定相続人にその他の著しい非行があったときは、被相続人は、その推定相続人の廃除を家庭裁判所に請求することができる。
art-892/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-892/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-892/par-1
A person leaving an estate may file a request with the family court to disinherit a presumptive heir (meaning a person who would become an heir if the succession were to open; the same applies hereinafter) for whom there is statutory reserved share, if the presumptive heir has abused or given grave insult to the person leaving the estate, or if there has been any other grave misconduct on the part of the presumptive heir.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百九十三条（遺言による推定相続人の廃除） — (Disinheritance of a Presumptive Heir by Will)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-893 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-893 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-893
**第一項** 被相続人が遺言で推定相続人を廃除する意思を表示したときは、遺言執行者は、その遺言が効力を生じた後、遅滞なく、その推定相続人の廃除を家庭裁判所に請求しなければならない。この場合において、その推定相続人の廃除は、被相続人の死亡の時にさかのぼってその効力を生ずる。
art-893/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-893/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-893/par-1
If the decedent, by will, has manifested the intention to disinherit a presumptive heir, the executor of the will must apply to the family court to disinherit the presumptive heir without delay after the will becomes effective. The disinheritance of that presumptive heir is effective retroactive to the time of death of the decedent, in such a case.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百九十四条（推定相続人の廃除の取消し） — (Rescission of the Disinheritance of a Presumptive Heir)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-894 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-894 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-894
**第一項** 被相続人は、いつでも、推定相続人の廃除の取消しを家庭裁判所に請求することができる。
art-894/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-894/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-894/par-1
A person leaving an estate may at any time file a request with the family court to rescind the disinheritance of a presumptive heir.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前条の規定は、推定相続人の廃除の取消しについて準用する。
art-894/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-894/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-894/par-2
The provisions of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the rescission of the disinheritance of a presumptive heir.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百九十五条（推定相続人の廃除に関する審判確定前の遺産の管理） — (Administration of the Estate before a Ruling Involving the Disinheritance of a Presumptive Heir Becomes Final and Binding)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-895 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-895 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-895
**第一項** 推定相続人の廃除又はその取消しの請求があった後その審判が確定する前に相続が開始したときは、家庭裁判所は、親族、利害関係人又は検察官の請求によって、遺産の管理について必要な処分を命ずることができる。推定相続人の廃除の遺言があったときも、同様とする。
art-895/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-895/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-895/par-1
If succession opens after a request is filed to disinherit a presumptive heir or to rescind the disinheritance of the same but before the ruling on this becomes final and binding, the family court may order any necessary measures with regard to the administration of the estate at the request of a relative, an interested party, or the public prosecutor. The same applies if the decedent has left a will in which a presumptive heir is disinherited.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第二十七条から第二十九条までの規定は、前項の規定により家庭裁判所が遺産の管理人を選任した場合について準用する。
art-895/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-895/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-895/par-2
The provisions of Article 27 through Article 29 apply mutatis mutandis if the family court appoints an administrator to the estate pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三章 相続の効力 — Chapter III Effect of Succession
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-3
## 第一節 総則 — Section 1 General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-3/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-3/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-3/sec-1
### 第八百九十六条（相続の一般的効力） — (General Effect of Succession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-896 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-896 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-896
**第一項** 相続人は、相続開始の時から、被相続人の財産に属した一切の権利義務を承継する。ただし、被相続人の一身に専属したものは、この限りでない。
art-896/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-896/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-896/par-1
From the time the succession opens, the heirs succeed to all rights and duties attached to the property of the decedent; provided, however, that this does not apply to rights or duties of the decedent that are purely personal.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百九十七条（祭祀に関する権利の承継） — (Assumption of Rights in Respect of Rituals)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-897 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-897 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-897
**第一項** 系譜、祭具及び墳墓の所有権は、前条の規定にかかわらず、慣習に従って祖先の祭祀を主宰すべき者が承継する。ただし、被相続人の指定に従って祖先の祭祀を主宰すべき者があるときは、その者が承継する。
art-897/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-897/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-897/par-1
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding Article, rights of ownership in genealogical records, implements used in rituals, and graves are succeeded to by the person that custom dictates is to preside over ancestral rituals; provided, however, that if the decedent has designated a person to preside over ancestral rituals, this person succeeds to these rights.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項本文の場合において慣習が明らかでないときは、同項の権利を承継すべき者は、家庭裁判所が定める。
art-897/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-897/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-897/par-2
In a case as referred to in the main clause of the preceding paragraph, if it is not evident whom custom dictates, the family court determines who succeeds to the rights referred to in that paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百九十七条の二（相続財産の保存） — Preservation of an Estate
caption: machine translation, not official
art-897-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-897-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-897-2
**第一項** 家庭裁判所は、利害関係人又は検察官の請求によって、いつでも、相続財産の管理人の選任その他の相続財産の保存に必要な処分を命ずることができる。ただし、相続人が一人である場合においてその相続人が相続の単純承認をしたとき、相続人が数人ある場合において遺産の全部の分割がされたとき、又は第九百五十二条第一項の規定により相続財産の清算人が選任されているときは、この限りでない。
art-897-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-897-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-897-2/par-1
At the request of an interested party or the public prosecutor, the family court may, at any time, order the appointment of an administrator of the estate or other dispositions necessary for the preservation of the estate; provided, however, that this does not apply if, where there is only one heir, that heir has unconditionally accepted the succession, if, where there are several heirs, the whole of the estate has been divided, or if a liquidator of the estate has been appointed pursuant to Article 952, paragraph (1).
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 第二十七条から第二十九条までの規定は、前項の規定により家庭裁判所が相続財産の管理人を選任した場合について準用する。
art-897-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-897-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-897-2/par-2
The provisions of Article 27 through Article 29 apply mutatis mutandis if the family court appoints an administrator to the estate pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
machine translation, not official
### 第八百九十八条（共同相続の効力） — (Effect of Joint Succession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-898 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-898 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-898
**第一項** 相続人が数人あるときは、相続財産は、その共有に属する。
art-898/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-898/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-898/par-1
If there are two or more heirs, the estate belongs to those heirs in coownership.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 相続財産について共有に関する規定を適用するときは、第九百条から第九百二条までの規定により算定した相続分をもって各相続人の共有持分とする。
art-898/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-898/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-898/par-2
When the provisions on co-ownership are applied to the estate, the share of the estate calculated pursuant to the provisions of Articles 900 through 902 is to be the co-ownership interest of each heir.
machine translation, not official
### 第八百九十九条
art-899 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-899 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-899
**第一項** 各共同相続人は、その相続分に応じて被相続人の権利義務を承継する。
art-899/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-899/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-899/par-1
Each coheir succeeds to the rights and duties of the decedent in proportion to that heir's share of the estate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百九十九条の二（共同相続における権利の承継の対抗要件） — Requirement for Perfection of Assumption of Rights in Joint Succession
caption: machine translation, not official
art-899-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-899-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-899-2
**第一項** 相続による権利の承継は、遺産の分割によるものかどうかにかかわらず、次条及び第九百一条の規定により算定した相続分を超える部分については、登記、登録その他の対抗要件を備えなければ、第三者に対抗することができない。
art-899-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-899-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-899-2/par-1
The assumption of rights by succession, regardless of whether it is by division of the estate, may not be asserted against a third party with respect to the portion exceeding the share of the estate calculated pursuant to the provisions of the following Article and Article 901, unless registration, recording or any other requirement for perfection has been satisfied.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項の権利が債権である場合において、次条及び第九百一条の規定により算定した相続分を超えて当該債権を承継した共同相続人が当該債権に係る遺言の内容（遺産の分割により当該債権を承継した場合にあっては、当該債権に係る遺産の分割の内容）を明らかにして債務者にその承継の通知をしたときは、共同相続人の全員が債務者に通知をしたものとみなして、同項の規定を適用する。
art-899-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-899-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-899-2/par-2
If, in the case where the right referred to in the preceding paragraph is a claim, a coheir who has assumed the claim in excess of the share of the estate calculated pursuant to the provisions of the following Article and Article 901 notifies the obligor of the assumption, making clear the content of the will relating to the claim (or, if the claim was assumed by division of the estate, the content of the division of the estate relating to the claim), the provisions of that paragraph apply on the deeming that all of the coheirs have given notice to the obligor.
machine translation, not official
## 第二節 相続分 — Section 2 Shares of the Estate
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-3/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-3/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-3/sec-2
### 第九百条（法定相続分） — (Intestate Shares)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-900 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-900 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-900
**第一項** 同順位の相続人が数人あるときは、その相続分は、次の各号の定めるところによる。
art-900/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-900/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-900/par-1
If there are two or more heirs of the same place in the line of succession, their shares of the estate are as prescribed in the following items:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 子及び配偶者が相続人であるときは、子の相続分及び配偶者の相続分は、各二分の一とする。
art-900/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-900/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-900/par-1/item-1
if a child or children and a spouse are the heirs, the child's or children's share of the estate is one-half and the spouse's share of the estate is one-half;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 配偶者及び直系尊属が相続人であるときは、配偶者の相続分は、三分の二とし、直系尊属の相続分は、三分の一とする。
art-900/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-900/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-900/par-1/item-2
if a spouse and a lineal ascendant or ascendants are the heirs, the spouse's share of the estate is two-thirds and the lineal ascendant's or ascendants' share of the estate is one-third;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 配偶者及び兄弟姉妹が相続人であるときは、配偶者の相続分は、四分の三とし、兄弟姉妹の相続分は、四分の一とする。
art-900/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-900/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-900/par-1/item-3
if a spouse and a sibling or siblings are the heirs, the spouse's share of the estate is three-quarters, and the sibling's or siblings' share of the estate is one-quarter;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 子、直系尊属又は兄弟姉妹が数人あるときは、各自の相続分は、相等しいものとする。ただし、父母の一方のみを同じくする兄弟姉妹の相続分は、父母の双方を同じくする兄弟姉妹の相続分の二分の一とする。
art-900/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-900/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-900/par-1/item-4
if there are two or more children, lineal ascendants, or siblings, each share in the estate is to be equal; provided, however, that the share of a sibling who has only one parent in common with the decedent is one half of the share of a sibling who has both parents in common with the decedent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百一条（代襲相続人の相続分） — (Share of an Heir Taking per Stirpes)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-901 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-901 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-901
**第一項** 第八百八十七条第二項又は第三項の規定により相続人となる直系卑属の相続分は、その直系尊属が受けるべきであったものと同じとする。ただし、直系卑属が数人あるときは、その各自の直系尊属が受けるべきであった部分について、前条の規定に従ってその相続分を定める。
art-901/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-901/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-901/par-1
The share in the decedent's estate of a lineal descendant who becomes an heir pursuant to the provisions of Article 887, paragraph (2) or paragraph (3) is the same as the share that person's lineal ascendant would have received; provided, however, that if there are two or more such lineal descendants, their shares of the estate are determined in accordance with the provisions of the preceding Article.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、第八百八十九条第二項の規定により兄弟姉妹の子が相続人となる場合について準用する。
art-901/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-901/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-901/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if the child of a sibling becomes an heir pursuant to the provisions of Article 889, paragraph (2).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百二条（遺言による相続分の指定） — (Designation of a Person's Share of the Estate by Will)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-902 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-902 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-902
**第一項** 被相続人は、前二条の規定にかかわらず、遺言で、共同相続人の相続分を定め、又はこれを定めることを第三者に委託することができる。
art-902/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-902/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-902/par-1
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding two Articles, a person leaving an estate may decide by will the share of a coheir or entrust a third party by will with deciding the same.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 被相続人が、共同相続人中の一人若しくは数人の相続分のみを定め、又はこれを第三者に定めさせたときは、他の共同相続人の相続分は、前二条の規定により定める。
art-902/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-902/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-902/par-2
If a person leaving an estate decides, or has a third party decide, only one or some of the coheirs' shares in the estate coheir, the shares of the other coheirs are decided pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two Articles.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百二条の二（相続分の指定がある場合の債権者の権利の行使） — Exercise of Right by Obligees Where There Is a Designation of a Share of the Estate
caption: machine translation, not official
art-902-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-902-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-902-2
**第一項** 被相続人が相続開始の時において有した債務の債権者は、前条の規定による相続分の指定がされた場合であっても、各共同相続人に対し、第九百条及び第九百一条の規定により算定した相続分に応じてその権利を行使することができる。ただし、その債権者が共同相続人の一人に対してその指定された相続分に応じた債務の承継を承認したときは、この限りでない。
art-902-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-902-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-902-2/par-1
A creditor of a debt that the decedent had at the time the succession opened may, even where a designation of shares of the estate has been made pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, exercise the creditor's right against each coheir in accordance with the share of the estate calculated pursuant to the provisions of Articles 900 and 901; provided, however, that this does not apply if the creditor has approved the assumption of the debt by one of the coheirs in accordance with the designated share of the estate.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百三条（特別受益者の相続分） — (Share in the Decedent's Estate of an Heir Who Has Received a Special Benefit)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-903 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-903 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-903
**第一項** 共同相続人中に、被相続人から、遺贈を受け、又は婚姻若しくは養子縁組のため若しくは生計の資本として贈与を受けた者があるときは、被相続人が相続開始の時において有した財産の価額にその贈与の価額を加えたものを相続財産とみなし、第九百条から第九百二条までの規定により算定した相続分の中からその遺贈又は贈与の価額を控除した残額をもってその者の相続分とする。
art-903/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-903/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-903/par-1
If any of the coheirs has received from the decedent a legacy or other gift for marriage or adoption or as capital for subsistence, the estate of the decedent is deemed to comprise the value of the property belonging to the decedent at the time the succession opens plus the value of all such legacies and other gifts, and the share in the estate of a coheir who has received such a legacy or other gift is the amount remaining after the value of all such legacies and other gifts thereto is deducted from the heir's share of the estate as calculated pursuant to the provisions of Articles 900 through 902.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 遺贈又は贈与の価額が、相続分の価額に等しく、又はこれを超えるときは、受遺者又は受贈者は、その相続分を受けることができない。
art-903/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-903/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-903/par-2
If the value of legacies and other gifts is equal to or exceeds the value of the share in the estate of the legatee or donee, that legatee or donee may not receive a share of the estate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 被相続人が前二項の規定と異なった意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-903/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-903/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-903/par-3
If the decedent has manifested an intention differing from the provisions of one of the preceding two paragraphs, that intention is to be followed.
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 婚姻期間が二十年以上の夫婦の一方である被相続人が、他の一方に対し、その居住の用に供する建物又はその敷地について遺贈又は贈与をしたときは、当該被相続人は、その遺贈又は贈与について第一項の規定を適用しない旨の意思を表示したものと推定する。
art-903/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-903/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-903/par-4
If a decedent who is one spouse of a married couple whose marriage has lasted 20 years or more has made a bequest or gift to the other spouse of a building used for their residence or the land on which it stands, the decedent is presumed to have manifested an intention that the provisions of paragraph (1) are not to apply to that bequest or gift.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百四条
art-904 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-904 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-904
**第一項** 前条に規定する贈与の価額は、受贈者の行為によって、その目的である財産が滅失し、又はその価格の増減があったときであっても、相続開始の時においてなお原状のままであるものとみなしてこれを定める。
art-904/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-904/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-904/par-1
Even if the conduct of the donee leads to the loss of the property that was the object of a gift and even if there is a fluctuation in the value of such property, the property is deemed to be in its original state, as it was at the time the succession opened, as regards the determination of the value of the gift as prescribed in the preceding Article.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百四条の二（寄与分） — (Amount of Contribution to the Estate)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-904-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-904-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-904-2
**第一項** 共同相続人中に、被相続人の事業に関する労務の提供又は財産上の給付、被相続人の療養看護その他の方法により被相続人の財産の維持又は増加について特別の寄与をした者があるときは、被相続人が相続開始の時において有した財産の価額から共同相続人の協議で定めたその者の寄与分を控除したものを相続財産とみなし、第九百条から第九百二条までの規定により算定した相続分に寄与分を加えた額をもってその者の相続分とする。
art-904-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-904-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-904-2/par-1
If a coheir has made a special contribution to maintaining or increasing the assets of the decedent, by supplying labor or providing financially for the business of the decedent, through a contribution to the medical treatment or care of the decedent, or in any other way, the estate is deemed to comprise the value of the assets held by the decedent at the time the succession opens, less the amount that the coheirs determine by agreement to be the heirs' contribution to the estate; and the share in the estate of a coheir who has made such a contribution is the amount of that heir's contribution plus the heir's share of the estate as calculated pursuant to the provisions of Article 900 through Article 902.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の協議が調わないとき、又は協議をすることができないときは、家庭裁判所は、同項に規定する寄与をした者の請求により、寄与の時期、方法及び程度、相続財産の額その他一切の事情を考慮して、寄与分を定める。
art-904-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-904-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-904-2/par-2
If an agreement as referred to in the preceding paragraph is not reached or if discussions toward such an agreement cannot be held, the family court determines the amount of contribution to the estate at the request of a person making a contribution to the estate as prescribed the preceding paragraph, in consideration of the timing of the contribution, the means and extent of the contribution, the value of the estate, and all other circumstances.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 寄与分は、被相続人が相続開始の時において有した財産の価額から遺贈の価額を控除した残額を超えることができない。
art-904-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-904-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-904-2/par-3
The amount of contribution to an estate may not exceed the amount remaining after the value of legacies is deducted from the value of the property held by the decedent at the time the succession opens.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第二項の請求は、第九百七条第二項の規定による請求があった場合又は第九百十条に規定する場合にすることができる。
art-904-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-904-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-904-2/par-4
The request referred to in paragraph (2) may be filed if a request under the provisions of Article 907, paragraph (2) has been filed, or in the case prescribed in Article 910.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百四条の三（期間経過後の遺産の分割における相続分） — Share of the Estate in a Division of the Estate after the Lapse of a Period
caption: machine translation, not official
art-904-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-904-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-904-3
**第一項** 前三条の規定は、相続開始の時から十年を経過した後にする遺産の分割については、適用しない。ただし、次の各号のいずれかに該当するときは、この限りでない。
art-904-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-904-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-904-3/par-1
The provisions of the preceding three Articles do not apply to a division of the estate made after ten years have passed since the time the succession opens; provided, however, that this does not apply if any of the following applies:
machine translation, not official
**一** 相続開始の時から十年を経過する前に、相続人が家庭裁判所に遺産の分割の請求をしたとき。
art-904-3/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-904-3/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-904-3/par-1/item-1
if, before ten years pass from the time the succession opens, an heir has filed a request for division of the estate with the family court;
machine translation, not official
**二** 相続開始の時から始まる十年の期間の満了前六箇月以内の間に、遺産の分割を請求することができないやむを得ない事由が相続人にあった場合において、その事由が消滅した時から六箇月を経過する前に、当該相続人が家庭裁判所に遺産の分割の請求をしたとき。
art-904-3/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-904-3/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-904-3/par-1/item-2
if, where an heir had unavoidable grounds that made it impossible to request division of the estate within the six months preceding the expiration of the ten-year period beginning from the time the succession opens, that heir has filed a request for division of the estate with the family court before six months have passed from the time those grounds ceased to exist.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百五条（相続分の取戻権） — (Right to Recover a Share in the Estate)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-905 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-905 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-905
**第一項** 共同相続人の一人が遺産の分割前にその相続分を第三者に譲り渡したときは、他の共同相続人は、その価額及び費用を償還して、その相続分を譲り受けることができる。
art-905/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-905/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-905/par-1
If one coheir assigns that heir's share in the estate to a third party before the division of the estate, any other coheir may acquire that share by reimbursing the third party for the value and expenses thereof.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の権利は、一箇月以内に行使しなければならない。
art-905/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-905/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-905/par-2
The right referred to in the preceding paragraph must be exercised within one month.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三節 遺産の分割 — Section 3 Division of the Estate
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-3/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-3/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-3/sec-3
### 第九百六条（遺産の分割の基準） — (Standards for the Division of the Estate)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-906 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-906 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-906
**第一項** 遺産の分割は、遺産に属する物又は権利の種類及び性質、各相続人の年齢、職業、心身の状態及び生活の状況その他一切の事情を考慮してこれをする。
art-906/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-906/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-906/par-1
The division of an estate is made in consideration of the type and nature of goods and rights belonging to the estate, the age, occupation, mental and physical condition, and financial circumstances of each heir, and all other circumstances.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百六条の二（遺産の分割前に遺産に属する財産が処分された場合の遺産の範囲） — Scope of the Estate Where Property Belonging to the Estate Is Disposed of before Division of the Estate
caption: machine translation, not official
art-906-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-906-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-906-2
**第一項** 遺産の分割前に遺産に属する財産が処分された場合であっても、共同相続人は、その全員の同意により、当該処分された財産が遺産の分割時に遺産として存在するものとみなすことができる。
art-906-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-906-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-906-2/par-1
Even where property belonging to the estate has been disposed of before division of the estate, the coheirs may, with the consent of all of them, regard the disposed property as existing as part of the estate at the time of division of the estate.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項の規定にかかわらず、共同相続人の一人又は数人により同項の財産が処分されたときは、当該共同相続人については、同項の同意を得ることを要しない。
art-906-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-906-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-906-2/par-2
Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, if the property referred to in that paragraph has been disposed of by one or more of the coheirs, the consent referred to in that paragraph need not be obtained from those coheirs.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百七条（遺産の分割の協議又は審判） — Agreement or Ruling on the Division of the Estate
caption: machine translation, not official
art-907 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-907 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-907
**第一項** 共同相続人は、次条第一項の規定により被相続人が遺言で禁じた場合又は同条第二項の規定により分割をしない旨の契約をした場合を除き、いつでも、その協議で、遺産の全部又は一部の分割をすることができる。
art-907/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-907/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-907/par-1
Unless the decedent has prevented them from doing so by will pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the following Article or they have entered into a contract not to divide the estate pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) of that Article, coheirs may at any time divide all or part of the estate by agreement.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 遺産の分割について、共同相続人間に協議が調わないとき、又は協議をすることができないときは、各共同相続人は、その全部又は一部の分割を家庭裁判所に請求することができる。ただし、遺産の一部を分割することにより他の共同相続人の利益を害するおそれがある場合におけるその一部の分割については、この限りでない。
art-907/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-907/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-907/par-2
If an agreement between coheirs with regard to the division of the estate is not reached or if discussions toward such an agreement cannot be held, any one of the coheirs may file a request with the family court to divide all or part of the estate; provided, however, that this does not apply to the division of part of the estate in a case where dividing that part is likely to harm the interests of another coheir.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百八条（遺産の分割の方法の指定及び遺産の分割の禁止） — (Designation of How the Estate Is Divided; Prohibition of Division)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-908 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-908 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-908
**第一項** 被相続人は、遺言で、遺産の分割の方法を定め、若しくはこれを定めることを第三者に委託し、又は相続開始の時から五年を超えない期間を定めて、遺産の分割を禁ずることができる。
art-908/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-908/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-908/par-1
A person leaving an estate, by will, may decide how the estate is to be divided, entrust a third party with deciding the same, or prohibit the division of the estate for a specified period not exceeding five years from the time the succession opens.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 共同相続人は、五年以内の期間を定めて、遺産の全部又は一部について、その分割をしない旨の契約をすることができる。ただし、その期間の終期は、相続開始の時から十年を超えることができない。
art-908/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-908/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-908/par-2
Coheirs may enter into a contract not to divide all or part of the estate for a specified period not exceeding five years; provided, however, that the end of that period may not exceed ten years from the time the succession opens.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 前項の契約は、五年以内の期間を定めて更新することができる。ただし、その期間の終期は、相続開始の時から十年を超えることができない。
art-908/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-908/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-908/par-3
The contract referred to in the preceding paragraph may be renewed for a specified period not exceeding five years; provided, however, that the end of that period may not exceed ten years from the time the succession opens.
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 前条第二項本文の場合において特別の事由があるときは、家庭裁判所は、五年以内の期間を定めて、遺産の全部又は一部について、その分割を禁ずることができる。ただし、その期間の終期は、相続開始の時から十年を超えることができない。
art-908/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-908/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-908/par-4
If there are special grounds in a case under the main clause of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, the family court may prohibit the division of all or part of the estate for a specified period not exceeding five years; provided, however, that the end of that period may not exceed ten years from the time the succession opens.
machine translation, not official
**第五項** 家庭裁判所は、五年以内の期間を定めて前項の期間を更新することができる。ただし、その期間の終期は、相続開始の時から十年を超えることができない。
art-908/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-908/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-908/par-5
The family court may renew the period referred to in the preceding paragraph for a specified period not exceeding five years; provided, however, that the end of that period may not exceed ten years from the time the succession opens.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百九条（遺産の分割の効力） — (Effect of the Division of the Estate)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-909 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-909 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-909
**第一項** 遺産の分割は、相続開始の時にさかのぼってその効力を生ずる。ただし、第三者の権利を害することはできない。
art-909/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-909/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-909/par-1
The division of an estate is effective retroactive to the time the succession opens; provided, however, that this may not prejudice the rights of a third party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百九条の二（遺産の分割前における預貯金債権の行使） — Exercise of Claims for Deposits before Division of the Estate
caption: machine translation, not official
art-909-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-909-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-909-2
**第一項** 各共同相続人は、遺産に属する預貯金債権のうち相続開始の時の債権額の三分の一に第九百条及び第九百一条の規定により算定した当該共同相続人の相続分を乗じた額（標準的な当面の必要生計費、平均的な葬式の費用の額その他の事情を勘案して預貯金債権の債務者ごとに法務省令で定める額を限度とする。）については、単独でその権利を行使することができる。この場合において、当該権利の行使をした預貯金債権については、当該共同相続人が遺産の一部の分割によりこれを取得したものとみなす。
art-909-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-909-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-909-2/par-1
Each coheir may exercise the right alone with respect to the amount obtained by multiplying one third of the amount of a claim for deposits belonging to the estate as of the opening of succession by the share of the estate of that coheir calculated pursuant to the provisions of Articles 900 and 901 (limited, for each obligor of a claim for deposits, to the amount specified by Ministry of Justice Order in consideration of the standard living expenses currently required, the average amount of funeral expenses and other circumstances). In this case, the claim for deposits with respect to which the right has been exercised is deemed to have been acquired by that coheir through a division of part of the estate.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百十条（相続の開始後に認知された者の価額の支払請求権） — (Right of a Person Whose Parentage Is Acknowledged after the Opening of the Succession, to Payment of the Value of That Person's Share)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-910 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-910 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-910
**第一項** 相続の開始後認知によって相続人となった者が遺産の分割を請求しようとする場合において、他の共同相続人が既にその分割その他の処分をしたときは、価額のみによる支払の請求権を有する。
art-910/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-910/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-910/par-1
If a person who becomes an heir through an acknowledgment of parentage or filiation after succession is opened seeks to request the division of the estate, but the other coheirs have already divided or otherwise disposed of it, that person is entitled to payment of that person's share in terms of its value only.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百十一条（共同相続人間の担保責任） — (Warranties among Coheirs)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-911 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-911 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-911
**第一項** 各共同相続人は、他の共同相続人に対して、売主と同じく、その相続分に応じて担保の責任を負う。
art-911/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-911/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-911/par-1
Each coheir, in proportion to that heir's share of the estate, is liable under warranty to all of the other coheirs in the same manner that a seller would be.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百十二条（遺産の分割によって受けた債権についての担保責任） — (Liability under a Guaranty on a Claim Received in the Division of the Estate)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-912 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-912 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-912
**第一項** 各共同相続人は、その相続分に応じ、他の共同相続人が遺産の分割によって受けた債権について、その分割の時における債務者の資力を担保する。
art-912/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-912/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-912/par-1
Each coheir, in proportion to that heir's share of the estate, guarantees the solvency, at the time of division, of any obligor of a claim that another coheir receives in the division of the estate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 弁済期に至らない債権及び停止条件付きの債権については、各共同相続人は、弁済をすべき時における債務者の資力を担保する。
art-912/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-912/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-912/par-2
As regards a claim that is either not yet due or is subject to a condition precedent, each coheir guarantees the solvency of the obligor at the time when the payment is due.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百十三条（資力のない共同相続人がある場合の担保責任の分担） — (Sharing of Liability under a Warranty or Guaranty; Coheir Is Insolvent)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-913 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-913 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-913
**第一項** 担保の責任を負う共同相続人中に償還をする資力のない者があるときは、その償還することができない部分は、求償者及び他の資力のある者が、それぞれその相続分に応じて分担する。ただし、求償者に過失があるときは、他の共同相続人に対して分担を請求することができない。
art-913/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-913/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-913/par-1
If, among the coheirs who are liable to one another under a warranty or guaranty, there is an heir who is without the financial means to reimburse one of the others, the portion that the insolvent heir is unable to reimburse is shared among the heir seeking reimbursement and the other solvent heirs, in proportion to their shares of the estate; provided, however, that if there is negligence on the part of the heir seeking reimbursement, that heir may not request that the other coheirs share liability.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百十四条（遺言による担保責任の定め） — (Determination of Warranties and Guaranties by Will)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-914 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-914 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-914
**第一項** 前三条の規定は、被相続人が遺言で別段の意思を表示したときは、適用しない。
art-914/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-914/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-914/par-1
If a decedent, by will, has manifested an intention that differs from the provisions of the preceding three Articles, the provisions of those Articles do not apply.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四章 相続の承認及び放棄 — Chapter IV Acceptance or Renunciation of Succession
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-4
## 第一節 総則 — Section 1 General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-4/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-4/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-4/sec-1
### 第九百十五条（相続の承認又は放棄をすべき期間） — (Period for Acceptance or Renunciation of Succession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-915 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-915 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-915
**第一項** 相続人は、自己のために相続の開始があったことを知った時から三箇月以内に、相続について、単純若しくは限定の承認又は放棄をしなければならない。ただし、この期間は、利害関係人又は検察官の請求によって、家庭裁判所において伸長することができる。
art-915/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-915/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-915/par-1
An heir must either accept the succession unconditionally or with qualifications, or renounce it, within three months of the time the heir learns that succession has opened to that heir; provided, however, that this period may be extended by the family court at the request of an interested party or the public prosecutor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 相続人は、相続の承認又は放棄をする前に、相続財産の調査をすることができる。
art-915/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-915/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-915/par-2
An heir may examine the estate before accepting or renouncing the succession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百十六条
art-916 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-916 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-916
**第一項** 相続人が相続の承認又は放棄をしないで死亡したときは、前条第一項の期間は、その者の相続人が自己のために相続の開始があったことを知った時から起算する。
art-916/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-916/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-916/par-1
If an heir dies without having accepted or renounced the succession, the period referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article is calculated from the time that the heir of the deceased heir learns that the succession has opened to the living heir.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百十七条
art-917 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-917 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-917
**第一項** 相続人が未成年者又は成年被後見人であるときは、第九百十五条第一項の期間は、その法定代理人が未成年者又は成年被後見人のために相続の開始があったことを知った時から起算する。
art-917/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-917/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-917/par-1
If an heir is a minor or an adult ward, the period referred to in Article 915, paragraph (1) is calculated from the time that the legal representative thereof learns that the succession has opened to the minor or adult ward.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百十八条（相続人による管理） — Administration by an Heir
caption: machine translation, not official
art-918 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-918 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-918
**第一項** 相続人は、その固有財産におけるのと同一の注意をもって、相続財産を管理しなければならない。ただし、相続の承認又は放棄をしたときは、この限りでない。
art-918/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-918/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-918/par-1
An heir must administer the estate with the same care that the heir would exercise over the heir's own property; provided, however, that this does not apply once the heir accepts or renounces the succession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百十九条（相続の承認及び放棄の撤回及び取消し） — (Revocation and Rescission; Acceptance and Renunciation of Succession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-919 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-919 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-919
**第一項** 相続の承認及び放棄は、第九百十五条第一項の期間内でも、撤回することができない。
art-919/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-919/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-919/par-1
The acceptance or renunciation of a succession may not be revoked even within the period referred to in Article 915, paragraph (1).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、第一編（総則）及び前編（親族）の規定により相続の承認又は放棄の取消しをすることを妨げない。
art-919/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-919/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-919/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not preclude the acceptance or renunciation of a succession from being rescinded pursuant to the provisions of Part I (General Provisions) and Part IV (Relatives).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項の取消権は、追認をすることができる時から六箇月間行使しないときは、時効によって消滅する。相続の承認又は放棄の時から十年を経過したときも、同様とする。
art-919/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-919/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-919/par-3
The right of rescission referred to in the preceding paragraph is extinguished by prescription if not exercised within six months of the time ratification becomes possible. It is also extinguished by prescription once ten years have passed since the time of acceptance or renunciation of the succession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第二項の規定により限定承認又は相続の放棄の取消しをしようとする者は、その旨を家庭裁判所に申述しなければならない。
art-919/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-919/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-919/par-4
A person seeking to rescind a qualified acceptance or renunciation of a succession pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) must file a statement with the family court to that effect.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二節 相続の承認 — Section 2 Acceptance of Succession
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-4/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-4/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-4/sec-2
## 第一款 単純承認 — Subsection 1 Unconditional Acceptance
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-4/sec-2/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-4/sec-2/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-4/sec-2/subsec-1
### 第九百二十条（単純承認の効力） — (Effect of Unconditional Acceptance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-920 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-920 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-920
**第一項** 相続人は、単純承認をしたときは、無限に被相続人の権利義務を承継する。
art-920/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-920/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-920/par-1
An heir inherits the rights and obligations of the decedent without limitation upon unconditional acceptance of the succession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百二十一条（法定単純承認） — (Statutory Unconditional Acceptance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-921 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-921 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-921
**第一項** 次に掲げる場合には、相続人は、単純承認をしたものとみなす。
art-921/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-921/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-921/par-1
An heir is deemed to have accepted the succession unconditionally if:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 相続人が相続財産の全部又は一部を処分したとき。ただし、保存行為及び第六百二条に定める期間を超えない賃貸をすることは、この限りでない。
art-921/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-921/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-921/par-1/item-1
the heir disposes of the estate in whole or in part; provided, however, that this does not apply to an act of preservation or a lease that does not exceed the period prescribed in Article 602;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 相続人が第九百十五条第一項の期間内に限定承認又は相続の放棄をしなかったとき。
art-921/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-921/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-921/par-1/item-2
the heir does not assert a qualified acceptance or renounce the succession within the period referred to in Article 915, paragraph (1);
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 相続人が、限定承認又は相続の放棄をした後であっても、相続財産の全部若しくは一部を隠匿し、私にこれを消費し、又は悪意でこれを相続財産の目録中に記載しなかったとき。ただし、その相続人が相続の放棄をしたことによって相続人となった者が相続の承認をした後は、この限りでない。
art-921/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-921/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-921/par-1/item-3
the heir, even after asserting a qualified acceptance or renouncing the succession, conceals the whole or part of the estate, personally expends the whole or part thereof, or knowingly fails to enter the whole or part thereof in the inventory of the estate; provided, however, that this does not apply if the original heir does so after the acceptance of the succession by a person who becomes an heir due to the original heir's renunciation of the succession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二款 限定承認 — Subsection 2 Qualified Acceptance
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-4/sec-2/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-4/sec-2/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-4/sec-2/subsec-2
### 第九百二十二条（限定承認） — (Qualified Acceptance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-922 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-922 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-922
**第一項** 相続人は、相続によって得た財産の限度においてのみ被相続人の債務及び遺贈を弁済すべきことを留保して、相続の承認をすることができる。
art-922/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-922/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-922/par-1
An heir may accept a succession with the qualification that the debts and legacies of the decedent are to be paid and delivered only up to the limit of the assets acquired by succession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百二十三条（共同相続人の限定承認） — (Qualified Acceptance by Coheirs)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-923 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-923 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-923
**第一項** 相続人が数人あるときは、限定承認は、共同相続人の全員が共同してのみこれをすることができる。
art-923/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-923/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-923/par-1
If there are multiple heirs, qualified acceptance is only permissible if all of the coheirs assert their qualified acceptance jointly.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百二十四条（限定承認の方式） — (Formalities for Qualified Acceptance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-924 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-924 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-924
**第一項** 相続人は、限定承認をしようとするときは、第九百十五条第一項の期間内に、相続財産の目録を作成して家庭裁判所に提出し、限定承認をする旨を申述しなければならない。
art-924/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-924/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-924/par-1
If an heir seeks to assert a qualified acceptance, the heir must prepare an inventory of the estate and submit this to the family court with a statement indicating the heir's qualified acceptance within the period referred to in Article 915, paragraph (1).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百二十五条（限定承認をしたときの権利義務） — (Rights and Obligations upon Qualified Acceptance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-925 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-925 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-925
**第一項** 相続人が限定承認をしたときは、その被相続人に対して有した権利義務は、消滅しなかったものとみなす。
art-925/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-925/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-925/par-1
If an heir asserts a qualified acceptance, any rights or obligations that the heir held towards the decedent are deemed not to have lapsed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百二十六条（限定承認者による管理） — (Administration by an Heir Asserting a Qualified Acceptance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-926 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-926 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-926
**第一項** 限定承認者は、その固有財産におけるのと同一の注意をもって、相続財産の管理を継続しなければならない。
art-926/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-926/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-926/par-1
An heir asserting a qualified acceptance must continue to administer the estate with the same care that the heir would exercise over the heir's own property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第六百四十五条、第六百四十六条並びに第六百五十条第一項及び第二項の規定は、前項の場合について準用する。
art-926/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-926/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-926/par-2
Article 645; Article 646; and Article 650, paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百二十七条（相続債権者及び受遺者に対する公告及び催告） — (Issuing Public Notice and Notice to File to Creditors of the Succession and Legatees)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-927 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-927 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-927
**第一項** 限定承認者は、限定承認をした後五日以内に、すべての相続債権者（相続財産に属する債務の債権者をいう。以下同じ。）及び受遺者に対し、限定承認をしたこと及び一定の期間内にその請求の申出をすべき旨を公告しなければならない。この場合において、その期間は、二箇月を下ることができない。
art-927/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-927/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-927/par-1
An heir asserting a qualified acceptance must issue public notice to all creditors of the succession (meaning creditors with claims that are a part of the estate; hereinafter the same applies) and legatees, within five days of asserting the qualified acceptance, indicating that the person is asserting a qualified acceptance and that the creditors and legatees must file their claims within a fixed period. This period, in such a case, may not be of less than two months.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定による公告には、相続債権者及び受遺者がその期間内に申出をしないときは弁済から除斥されるべき旨を付記しなければならない。ただし、限定承認者は、知れている相続債権者及び受遺者を除斥することができない。
art-927/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-927/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-927/par-2
A supplementary note must be placed in the public notice under the preceding paragraph, indicating that creditors of the succession and legatees failing to file within the period fixed therein will be excluded from payment or delivery; provided, however, that an heir asserting a qualified acceptance may not exclude any known creditor of the succession or legatee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 限定承認者は、知れている相続債権者及び受遺者には、各別にその申出の催告をしなければならない。
art-927/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-927/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-927/par-3
An heir asserting a qualified acceptance must issue an individual notice to file to each known creditor of the succession and legatee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第一項の規定による公告は、官報に掲載してする。
art-927/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-927/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-927/par-4
The public notice referred to in paragraph (1) is issued by publication in the Official Gazette.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百二十八条（公告期間満了前の弁済の拒絶） — (Refusal of Payment or Delivery before Expiration of the Period under Public Notice)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-928 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-928 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-928
**第一項** 限定承認者は、前条第一項の期間の満了前には、相続債権者及び受遺者に対して弁済を拒むことができる。
art-928/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-928/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-928/par-1
An heir asserting a qualified acceptance may refuse payment or delivery to a creditor of the succession or legatee before the expiration of the period referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百二十九条（公告期間満了後の弁済） — (Payment or Delivery after Expiration of the Period under Public Notice)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-929 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-929 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-929
**第一項** 第九百二十七条第一項の期間が満了した後は、限定承認者は、相続財産をもって、その期間内に同項の申出をした相続債権者その他知れている相続債権者に、それぞれその債権額の割合に応じて弁済をしなければならない。ただし、優先権を有する債権者の権利を害することはできない。
art-929/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-929/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-929/par-1
After the expiration of the period referred to in Article 927, paragraph (1), an heir asserting a qualified acceptance must pay the creditors of the succession that have made the filing referred to in that paragraph within the period fixed therein, and any other known creditor of the succession, out of the assets of the estate, in proportion to the amount of each of those creditor's claims; provided, however, that this may not prejudice the rights of any creditor with a right of priority.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百三十条（期限前の債務等の弁済） — (Payment of Debts Not Yet Due)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-930 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-930 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-930
**第一項** 限定承認者は、弁済期に至らない債権であっても、前条の規定に従って弁済をしなければならない。
art-930/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-930/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-930/par-1
An heir asserting a qualified acceptance must make payment even of a claim which is not yet due, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding Article.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 条件付きの債権又は存続期間の不確定な債権は、家庭裁判所が選任した鑑定人の評価に従って弁済をしなければならない。
art-930/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-930/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-930/par-2
Conditional claims and claims of indefinite duration must be paid based on the valuation of the appraiser appointed by the family court.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百三十一条（受遺者に対する弁済） — (Delivery to Legatees)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-931 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-931 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-931
**第一項** 限定承認者は、前二条の規定に従って各相続債権者に弁済をした後でなければ、受遺者に弁済をすることができない。
art-931/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-931/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-931/par-1
An heir asserting a qualified acceptance may not make delivery to a legatee until after all creditors of the succession have been paid in accordance with the provisions of the preceding two Articles.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百三十二条（弁済のための相続財産の換価） — (Realization of the Estate for Payment of Claims)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-932 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-932 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-932
**第一項** 前三条の規定に従って弁済をするにつき相続財産を売却する必要があるときは、限定承認者は、これを競売に付さなければならない。ただし、家庭裁判所が選任した鑑定人の評価に従い相続財産の全部又は一部の価額を弁済して、その競売を止めることができる。
art-932/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-932/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-932/par-1
If it is necessary to sell off the estate in order to make payment or delivery in accordance with the provisions of the preceding three Articles, an heir asserting a qualified acceptance must put the estate up for auction; provided, however, that the heir may prevent such an auction by paying the value of all or part the estate in accordance with the valuation of the appraiser appointed by the family court.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百三十三条（相続債権者及び受遺者の換価手続への参加） — (Participation of Creditors of the Succession and Legatees in the Realization Process)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-933 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-933 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-933
**第一項** 相続債権者及び受遺者は、自己の費用で、相続財産の競売又は鑑定に参加することができる。この場合においては、第二百六十条第二項の規定を準用する。
art-933/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-933/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-933/par-1
A creditor of the succession or legatee, at the creditor's or legatee's own expense, may participate in the auction or appraisal of the estate. The provisions of Article 260, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis in such a case.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百三十四条（不当な弁済をした限定承認者の責任等） — (Liability of an Heir Asserting a Qualified Acceptance Whose Payment or Delivery Is Unfair)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-934 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-934 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-934
**第一項** 限定承認者は、第九百二十七条の公告若しくは催告をすることを怠り、又は同条第一項の期間内に相続債権者若しくは受遺者に弁済をしたことによって他の相続債権者若しくは受遺者に弁済をすることができなくなったときは、これによって生じた損害を賠償する責任を負う。第九百二十九条から第九百三十一条までの規定に違反して弁済をしたときも、同様とする。
art-934/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-934/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-934/par-1
If an heir asserting a qualified acceptance fails to issue the public notice or notice to file referred to in Article 927, or if the heir's payment or delivery to a creditor of the succession or legatee within the period referred to in paragraph (1) of that Article causes the heir to become unable to make payment or delivery to another creditor of the succession or legatee, the heir is liable to compensate for damage arising from this. The same applies with regard to the liability of an heir asserting a qualified acceptance who violates any of the provisions of Article 929 through Article 931.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、情を知って不当に弁済を受けた相続債権者又は受遺者に対する他の相続債権者又は受遺者の求償を妨げない。
art-934/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-934/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-934/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not preclude a claim for indemnification by a second creditor of the succession or legatee against a first creditor of the succession or legatee that has knowingly accepted unfair payment or delivery.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第七百二十四条の規定は、前二項の場合について準用する。
art-934/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-934/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-934/par-3
The provisions of Article 724 apply mutatis mutandis to a case as referred to in one of the preceding two paragraphs.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百三十五条（公告期間内に申出をしなかった相続債権者及び受遺者） — (Creditors of the Succession and Legatees Not Filing within the Period under Public Notice)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-935 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-935 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-935
**第一項** 第九百二十七条第一項の期間内に同項の申出をしなかった相続債権者及び受遺者で限定承認者に知れなかったものは、残余財産についてのみその権利を行使することができる。ただし、相続財産について特別担保を有する者は、この限りでない。
art-935/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-935/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-935/par-1
A creditor of a succession or legatee that fails to make the filing referred to in Article 927, paragraph (1) within the period referred to in that paragraph and that was unknown to the heir asserting the qualified acceptance, may only exercise rights over the residuary estate; provided, however, that this does not apply to a person with a specific security interest in the estate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百三十六条（相続人が数人ある場合の相続財産の清算人） — Liquidator of the Estate If There Are Multiple Heirs
caption: machine translation, not official
art-936 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-936 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-936
**第一項** 相続人が数人ある場合には、家庭裁判所は、相続人の中から、相続財産の清算人を選任しなければならない。
art-936/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-936/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-936/par-1
If there are multiple heirs, the family court must appoint a liquidator to the estate from among the heirs.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項の相続財産の清算人は、相続人のために、これに代わって、相続財産の管理及び債務の弁済に必要な一切の行為をする。
art-936/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-936/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-936/par-2
A liquidator to an estate as referred to in the preceding paragraph undertakes all necessary acts to administer the estate and pay the debts thereof on behalf of the heirs.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 第九百二十六条から前条までの規定は、第一項の相続財産の清算人について準用する。この場合において、第九百二十七条第一項中「限定承認をした後五日以内」とあるのは、「その相続財産の清算人の選任があった後十日以内」と読み替えるものとする。
art-936/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-936/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-936/par-3
The provisions of Article 926 through Article 935 apply mutatis mutandis to an estate liquidator as referred to in paragraph (1). In this case, the phrase "within five days of asserting the qualified acceptance" in Article 927, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "within ten days of the appointment of the liquidator of the estate".
machine translation, not official
### 第九百三十七条（法定単純承認の事由がある場合の相続債権者） — (Creditors of a Succession If There Is Cause for Statutory Unconditional Acceptance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-937 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-937 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-937
**第一項** 限定承認をした共同相続人の一人又は数人について第九百二十一条第一号又は第三号に掲げる事由があるときは、相続債権者は、相続財産をもって弁済を受けることができなかった債権額について、当該共同相続人に対し、その相続分に応じて権利を行使することができる。
art-937/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-937/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-937/par-1
If a cause set forth in Article 921, item (i) or item (iii) has occurred in respect of one or multiple coheirs who have asserted a qualified acceptance, a creditor of the succession may exercise rights over any amount of the claim not satisfied by the estate against that coheir or those coheirs, in proportion to each of the relevant heirs' shares in the estate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三節 相続の放棄 — Section 3 Renunciation of Succession
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-4/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-4/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-4/sec-3
### 第九百三十八条（相続の放棄の方式） — (Formalities for a Renunciation of Succession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-938 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-938 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-938
**第一項** 相続の放棄をしようとする者は、その旨を家庭裁判所に申述しなければならない。
art-938/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-938/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-938/par-1
A person seeking to renounce a succession must file a statement with the family court to that effect.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百三十九条（相続の放棄の効力） — (Effect of a Renunciation of Succession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-939 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-939 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-939
**第一項** 相続の放棄をした者は、その相続に関しては、初めから相続人とならなかったものとみなす。
art-939/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-939/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-939/par-1
A person who has renounced a succession is deemed never to have been an heir as regards that succession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百四十条（相続の放棄をした者による管理） — (Administration by a Person Who Has Renounced a Succession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-940 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-940 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-940
**第一項** 相続の放棄をした者は、その放棄の時に相続財産に属する財産を現に占有しているときは、相続人又は第九百五十二条第一項の相続財産の清算人に対して当該財産を引き渡すまでの間、自己の財産におけるのと同一の注意をもって、その財産を保存しなければならない。
art-940/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-940/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-940/par-1
A person who has renounced a succession and who is in actual possession of property belonging to the estate at the time of the renunciation must preserve that property with the same care that the person would exercise over the person's own property, until delivering it to the heir or to the liquidator of the estate referred to in Article 952, paragraph (1).
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 第六百四十五条、第六百四十六条並びに第六百五十条第一項及び第二項の規定は、前項の場合について準用する。
art-940/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-940/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-940/par-2
Article 645; Article 646; and Article 650, paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph.
machine translation, not official
## 第五章 財産分離 — Chapter V Separation of Patrimony
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-5
### 第九百四十一条（相続債権者又は受遺者の請求による財産分離） — (Separation of Patrimony at the Request of a Creditor of the Succession or Legatee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-941 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-941 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-941
**第一項** 相続債権者又は受遺者は、相続開始の時から三箇月以内に、相続人の財産の中から相続財産を分離することを家庭裁判所に請求することができる。相続財産が相続人の固有財産と混合しない間は、その期間の満了後も、同様とする。
art-941/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-941/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-941/par-1
A creditor of the succession or a legatee may file a request with the family court for the decedent's estate to be separated from the property of an heir, within three months of the time the succession opens. The same applies with respect to the filing of such a request even after that period has elapsed, if the decedent's estate has not been mixed with the heir's personal property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 家庭裁判所が前項の請求によって財産分離を命じたときは、その請求をした者は、五日以内に、他の相続債権者及び受遺者に対し、財産分離の命令があったこと及び一定の期間内に配当加入の申出をすべき旨を公告しなければならない。この場合において、その期間は、二箇月を下ることができない。
art-941/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-941/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-941/par-2
If the family court orders a separation of patrimony based on a request as referred to in the preceding paragraph, the person filing the request must issue public notice within five days indicating that an order for a separation of patrimony has been issued and that petitions for participation in the distribution must be filed within a specified period. This period, in such a case, may not be of less than two months.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項の規定による公告は、官報に掲載してする。
art-941/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-941/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-941/par-3
The public notice under the provisions of the preceding paragraph is issued by publication in the Official Gazette.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百四十二条（財産分離の効力） — (Effect of a Separation of Patrimony)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-942 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-942 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-942
**第一項** 財産分離の請求をした者及び前条第二項の規定により配当加入の申出をした者は、相続財産について、相続人の債権者に先立って弁済を受ける。
art-942/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-942/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-942/par-1
A person filing a request for a separation of patrimony and persons petitioning to participate in the distribution pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article are paid out of the estate with priority over the creditors of the heir.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百四十三条（財産分離の請求後の相続財産の管理） — (Administration of the Estate after a Request for a Separation of Patrimony)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-943 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-943 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-943
**第一項** 財産分離の請求があったときは、家庭裁判所は、相続財産の管理について必要な処分を命ずることができる。
art-943/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-943/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-943/par-1
If a request has been filed for a separation of patrimony, the family court may order any necessary measures for the administration of the estate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第二十七条から第二十九条までの規定は、前項の規定により家庭裁判所が相続財産の管理人を選任した場合について準用する。
art-943/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-943/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-943/par-2
The provisions of Article 27 through Article 29 apply mutatis mutandis if the family court appoints an administrator to the estate pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百四十四条（財産分離の請求後の相続人による管理） — (Administration by Heir after a Request for a Separation of Patrimony)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-944 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-944 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-944
**第一項** 相続人は、単純承認をした後でも、財産分離の請求があったときは、以後、その固有財産におけるのと同一の注意をもって、相続財産の管理をしなければならない。ただし、家庭裁判所が相続財産の管理人を選任したときは、この限りでない。
art-944/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-944/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-944/par-1
Even after an heir unconditionally accepts the succession, the heir must administer the estate with the same care that the heir would exercise over the heir's own property if a request for a separation of patrimony is filed; provided, however, that this does not apply if the family court appoints an administrator to the estate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第六百四十五条から第六百四十七条まで並びに第六百五十条第一項及び第二項の規定は、前項の場合について準用する。
art-944/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-944/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-944/par-2
The provisions of Article 645 through Article 647 and Article 650, paragraph (1) and (2) apply mutatis mutandis to a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百四十五条（不動産についての財産分離の対抗要件） — (Requirement for the Perfection of a Separation of Patrimony Involving Real Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-945 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-945 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-945
**第一項** 財産分離は、不動産については、その登記をしなければ、第三者に対抗することができない。
art-945/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-945/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-945/par-1
A separation of patrimony involving real property may not be asserted against a third party unless the separation is registered.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百四十六条（物上代位の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on the Extension of a Security Interest to the Proceeds of Collateral)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-946 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-946 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-946
**第一項** 第三百四条の規定は、財産分離の場合について準用する。
art-946/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-946/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-946/par-1
The provisions of Article 304 apply mutatis mutandis in the case of a separation of patrimony.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百四十七条（相続債権者及び受遺者に対する弁済） — (Making Payment and Delivery to Creditors of the Succession and Legatees)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-947 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-947 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-947
**第一項** 相続人は、第九百四十一条第一項及び第二項の期間の満了前には、相続債権者及び受遺者に対して弁済を拒むことができる。
art-947/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-947/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-947/par-1
An heir may refuse to make payment or delivery to a creditor of the succession or legatee before the expiration of the period referred to in Article 941, paragraph (1) or paragraph (2).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 財産分離の請求があったときは、相続人は、第九百四十一条第二項の期間の満了後に、相続財産をもって、財産分離の請求又は配当加入の申出をした相続債権者及び受遺者に、それぞれその債権額の割合に応じて弁済をしなければならない。ただし、優先権を有する債権者の権利を害することはできない。
art-947/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-947/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-947/par-2
If a request has been filed for a separation of patrimony, after the expiration of the period referred to in Article 941, paragraph (2), the heir must make payment or delivery to the creditors of the succession and legatees that have requested the separation of patrimony or petitioned to participate in the distribution, out of the assets of the estate, in proportion to the amount of each of their claims; provided, however, that this may not prejudice the rights of any creditor with a right of priority.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第九百三十条から第九百三十四条までの規定は、前項の場合について準用する。
art-947/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-947/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-947/par-3
The provisions of Article 930 through Article 934 apply mutatis mutandis to a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百四十八条（相続人の固有財産からの弁済） — (Payment or Delivery from the Heir's Own Assets)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-948 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-948 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-948
**第一項** 財産分離の請求をした者及び配当加入の申出をした者は、相続財産をもって全部の弁済を受けることができなかった場合に限り、相続人の固有財産についてその権利を行使することができる。この場合においては、相続人の債権者は、その者に先立って弁済を受けることができる。
art-948/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-948/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-948/par-1
A person requesting a separation of patrimony or a person petitioning to participate in a distribution may exercise rights against the heir's own property only if it was not possible for the person to receive full payment or delivery from out of the estate. Such a person may receive payment or delivery with priority over the creditors of the heir, in such a case.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百四十九条（財産分離の請求の防止等） — (Prevention of the Filing of Requests for a Separation of Patrimony)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-949 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-949 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-949
**第一項** 相続人は、その固有財産をもって相続債権者若しくは受遺者に弁済をし、又はこれに相当の担保を供して、財産分離の請求を防止し、又はその効力を消滅させることができる。ただし、相続人の債権者が、これによって損害を受けるべきことを証明して、異議を述べたときは、この限りでない。
art-949/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-949/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-949/par-1
An heir may use the heir's own property to make payment or delivery to the creditors of the succession and legatees or to provide reasonable security thereto, thereby preventing the filing of a request for the separation of patrimony or causing its effect to be extinguished; provided, however, that this does not apply if a creditor of the heir files an objection and demonstrates that this would cause harm to that creditor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百五十条（相続人の債権者の請求による財産分離） — (Separation of Patrimony at the Request of the Creditor of an Heir)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-950 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-950 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-950
**第一項** 相続人が限定承認をすることができる間又は相続財産が相続人の固有財産と混合しない間は、相続人の債権者は、家庭裁判所に対して財産分離の請求をすることができる。
art-950/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-950/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-950/par-1
While an heir may yet assert a qualified acceptance, or while the estate has not yet been mixed with the heir's own property, a creditor of the heir may file a request with the family court for a separation of patrimony.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第三百四条、第九百二十五条、第九百二十七条から第九百三十四条まで、第九百四十三条から第九百四十五条まで及び第九百四十八条の規定は、前項の場合について準用する。ただし、第九百二十七条の公告及び催告は、財産分離の請求をした債権者がしなければならない。
art-950/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-950/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-950/par-2
The provisions of Article 304; Article 925; Article 927 through Article 934; Article 943 through Article 945; and Article 948 apply mutatis mutandis to a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph; provided, however, that the public notice and notice to file referred to in Article 927 must be issued by the creditor requesting the separation of patrimony.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第六章 相続人の不存在 — Chapter VI Nonexistence of Heirs
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-6
### 第九百五十一条（相続財産法人の成立） — (Formation of an Estate Corporation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-951 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-951 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-951
**第一項** 相続人のあることが明らかでないときは、相続財産は、法人とする。
art-951/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-951/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-951/par-1
If it is not evident whether there is an heir, the decedent's estate is a corporation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百五十二条（相続財産の清算人の選任） — Appointment of a Liquidator of the Estate
caption: machine translation, not official
art-952 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-952 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-952
**第一項** 前条の場合には、家庭裁判所は、利害関係人又は検察官の請求によって、相続財産の清算人を選任しなければならない。
art-952/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-952/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-952/par-1
In a case as referred to in the preceding Article, the family court must appoint a liquidator to the estate at the request of an interested party or the public prosecutor.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項の規定により相続財産の清算人を選任したときは、家庭裁判所は、遅滞なく、その旨及び相続人があるならば一定の期間内にその権利を主張すべき旨を公告しなければならない。この場合において、その期間は、六箇月を下ることができない。
art-952/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-952/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-952/par-2
When a liquidator to the estate has been appointed pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the family court must, without delay, issue public notice to that effect and to the effect that an heir, if any, must assert the heir's rights within a fixed period. In this case, that period may not be less than six months.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百五十三条（不在者の財産の管理人に関する規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on the Administrator of an Absentee's Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-953 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-953 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-953
**第一項** 第二十七条から第二十九条までの規定は、前条第一項の相続財産の清算人（以下この章において単に「相続財産の清算人」という。）について準用する。
art-953/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-953/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-953/par-1
The provisions of Article 27 through Article 29 apply mutatis mutandis to the liquidator of an estate as referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article (referred to simply as the "Liquidator of the Estate" hereinafter in this Chapter).
machine translation, not official
### 第九百五十四条（相続財産の清算人の報告） — Reporting by the Liquidator of the Estate
caption: machine translation, not official
art-954 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-954 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-954
**第一項** 相続財産の清算人は、相続債権者又は受遺者の請求があるときは、その請求をした者に相続財産の状況を報告しなければならない。
art-954/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-954/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-954/par-1
At the request of a creditor of the succession or a legatee, the Liquidator of the Estate must report the condition of the estate to the person who has so requested.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百五十五条（相続財産法人の不成立） — (Non-formation of an Estate Corporation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-955 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-955 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-955
**第一項** 相続人のあることが明らかになったときは、第九百五十一条の法人は、成立しなかったものとみなす。ただし、相続財産の清算人がその権限内でした行為の効力を妨げない。
art-955/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-955/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-955/par-1
If it becomes evident that there is an heir, the corporation referred to in Article 951 is deemed not to have been formed; provided, however, that this does not prevent the validity of an action taken by the Liquidator of the Estate that is within the scope of the authority thereof.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百五十六条（相続財産の清算人の代理権の消滅） — Extinguishment of the Liquidator of the Estate's Authority to Represent
caption: machine translation, not official
art-956 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-956 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-956
**第一項** 相続財産の清算人の代理権は、相続人が相続の承認をした時に消滅する。
art-956/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-956/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-956/par-1
The Liquidator of the Estate's authority to represent is extinguished once an heir accepts the succession.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項の場合には、相続財産の清算人は、遅滞なく相続人に対して清算に係る計算をしなければならない。
art-956/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-956/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-956/par-2
In a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, the Liquidator of the Estate must give an account of the liquidation to the heir without delay.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百五十七条（相続債権者及び受遺者に対する弁済） — (Making Payment or Delivery to the Creditors of the Succession and Legatees)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-957 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-957 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-957
**第一項** 第九百五十二条第二項の公告があったときは、相続財産の清算人は、全ての相続債権者及び受遺者に対し、二箇月以上の期間を定めて、その期間内にその請求の申出をすべき旨を公告しなければならない。この場合において、その期間は、同項の規定により相続人が権利を主張すべき期間として家庭裁判所が公告した期間内に満了するものでなければならない。
art-957/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-957/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-957/par-1
If the public notice referred to in Article 952, paragraph (2) has been issued, the Liquidator of the Estate must issue public notice to all creditors of the succession and legatees, specifying a period of two months or more, indicating that they must file their claims within that period. In this case, that period must expire within the period publicly noticed by the family court, pursuant to that paragraph, as the period during which an heir must assert the heir's rights.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 第九百二十七条第二項から第四項まで及び第九百二十八条から第九百三十五条まで（第九百三十二条ただし書を除く。）の規定は、前項の場合について準用する。
art-957/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-957/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-957/par-2
The provisions of Article 927, paragraph (2) through (4) and Article 928 through Article 935 (excluding the proviso to Article 932) apply mutatis mutandis to a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百五十八条（権利を主張する者がない場合） — (If No Person Asserts Rights as an Heir)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-958 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-958 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-958
**第一項** 第九百五十二条第二項の期間内に相続人としての権利を主張する者がないときは、相続人並びに相続財産の清算人に知れなかった相続債権者及び受遺者は、その権利を行使することができない。
art-958/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-958/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-958/par-1
If no person asserts rights as an heir within the period referred to in Article 952, paragraph (2), it is not permissible for an heir or for any creditor of the succession or legatee unknown to the liquidator of the estate, to exercise the rights thereof.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百五十八条の二（特別縁故者に対する相続財産の分与） — (Distribution of the Estate to a Person with a Special Connection to the Decedent)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-958-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-958-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-958-2
**第一項** 前条の場合において、相当と認めるときは、家庭裁判所は、被相続人と生計を同じくしていた者、被相続人の療養看護に努めた者その他被相続人と特別の縁故があった者の請求によって、これらの者に、清算後残存すべき相続財産の全部又は一部を与えることができる。
art-958-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-958-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-958-2/par-1
In a case as referred to in the preceding Article, if the family court finds it to be reasonable and at the request of a person who shared living expenses with the decedent, who contributed to the medical treatment or care of the decedent, or who otherwise had a special connection with the decedent, the court may grant that person the residuum of the estate after liquidation, in whole or in part.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の請求は、第九百五十二条第二項の期間の満了後三箇月以内にしなければならない。
art-958-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-958-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-958-2/par-2
The request referred to in the preceding paragraph must be filed within three months of the expiration of the period referred to in Article 952, paragraph (2).
machine translation, not official
### 第九百五十九条（残余財産の国庫への帰属） — (Escheat of the Residuary Estate to the National Treasury)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-959 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-959 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-959
**第一項** 前条の規定により処分されなかった相続財産は、国庫に帰属する。この場合においては、第九百五十六条第二項の規定を準用する。
art-959/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-959/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-959/par-1
An estate not disposed of pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article escheats to the national treasury. The provisions of Article 956, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis in such a case.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第七章 遺言 — Chapter VII Wills
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-7
## 第一節 総則 — Section 1 General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-7/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-7/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-7/sec-1
### 第九百六十条（遺言の方式） — (Formalities of Wills)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-960 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-960 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-960
**第一項** 遺言は、この法律に定める方式に従わなければ、することができない。
art-960/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-960/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-960/par-1
A person's will may be made only in accordance with the formalities prescribed by this Code.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百六十一条（遺言能力） — (Testamentary Capacity)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-961 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-961 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-961
**第一項** 十五歳に達した者は、遺言をすることができる。
art-961/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-961/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-961/par-1
Any person who has attained 15 years of age may make a will.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百六十二条
art-962 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-962 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-962
**第一項** 第五条、第九条、第十三条及び第十七条の規定は、遺言については、適用しない。
art-962/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-962/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-962/par-1
The provisions of Article 5, Article 9, Article 13, and Article 17 do not apply to wills.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百六十三条
art-963 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-963 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-963
**第一項** 遺言者は、遺言をする時においてその能力を有しなければならない。
art-963/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-963/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-963/par-1
At the time of making a will, the testator must have the capacity to do so.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百六十四条（包括遺贈及び特定遺贈） — (Universal Legacy; Particular Legacy)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-964 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-964 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-964
**第一項** 遺言者は、包括又は特定の名義で、その財産の全部又は一部を処分することができる。
art-964/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-964/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-964/par-1
A testator may make a disposition of all or part of the testator's property, under a universal or particular title.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百六十五条（相続人に関する規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Heirs)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-965 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-965 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-965
**第一項** 第八百八十六条及び第八百九十一条の規定は、受遺者について準用する。
art-965/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-965/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-965/par-1
The provisions of Article 886 and Article 891 apply mutatis mutandis to legatees.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百六十六条（被後見人の遺言の制限） — (Restrictions on the Will of a Person under Guardianship)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-966 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-966 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-966
**第一項** 被後見人が、後見の計算の終了前に、後見人又はその配偶者若しくは直系卑属の利益となるべき遺言をしたときは、その遺言は、無効とする。
art-966/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-966/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-966/par-1
A will is void if a person under guardianship makes it to the benefit of the guardian or the guardian's spouse or lineal relative before the guardian has finished accounting for the guardianship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、直系血族、配偶者又は兄弟姉妹が後見人である場合には、適用しない。
art-966/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-966/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-966/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the guardian is a lineal relative, spouse, or sibling of the ward.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二節 遺言の方式 — Section 2 Formalities of Wills
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-7/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-7/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-7/sec-2
## 第一款 普通の方式 — Subsection 1 Standard Formalities
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-7/sec-2/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-7/sec-2/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-7/sec-2/subsec-1
### 第九百六十七条（普通の方式による遺言の種類） — (Types of Wills Made Using Standard Formalities)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-967 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-967 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-967
**第一項** 遺言は、自筆証書、公正証書又は秘密証書によってしなければならない。ただし、特別の方式によることを許す場合は、この限りでない。
art-967/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-967/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-967/par-1
A will must be made in the form of a holographic instrument, notarial instrument, or sealed and notarized instrument; provided, however, that this does not apply if it is permissible to use a special formality.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百六十八条（自筆証書遺言） — (Holographic Wills)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-968 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-968 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-968
**第一項** 自筆証書によって遺言をするには、遺言者が、その全文、日付及び氏名を自書し、これに印を押さなければならない。
art-968/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-968/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-968/par-1
To make a will in the form of a holographic instrument, the testator must write the entire text, the date, and the testator's full name in the testator's own hand, and affix the testator's seal thereto.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定にかかわらず、自筆証書にこれと一体のものとして相続財産（第九百九十七条第一項に規定する場合における同項に規定する権利を含む。）の全部又は一部の目録を添付する場合には、その目録については、自書することを要しない。この場合において、遺言者は、その目録の毎葉（自書によらない記載がその両面にある場合にあっては、その両面）に署名し、印を押さなければならない。
art-968/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-968/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-968/par-2
Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, if a list of all or part of the estate (including the rights prescribed in Article 997, paragraph (1) in the case prescribed in that paragraph) is attached to a holographic instrument as an integral part of it, the list need not be written in the testator's own hand. In this case, the testator must sign and affix the testator's seal on every sheet of the list (or, if there is writing not in the testator's own hand on both sides of a sheet, on both sides).
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 自筆証書（前項の目録を含む。）中の加除その他の変更は、遺言者が、その場所を指示し、これを変更した旨を付記して特にこれに署名し、かつ、その変更の場所に印を押さなければ、その効力を生じない。
art-968/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-968/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-968/par-3
An insertion, deletion, or any other alteration to a holographic instrument (including the list referred to in the preceding paragraph) is not valid unless the testator specifically signs a supplementary note disclosing the location of the alteration and indicating that it has been made, and also affixes the testator's seal to the place that has been altered.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百六十九条（公正証書遺言） — (Notarial Will)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-969 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-969 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-969
**第一項** 公正証書によって遺言をするには、次に掲げる方式に従わなければならない。
art-969/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-969/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-969/par-1
For a will to be made in the form of a notarial instrument, it must be prepared according to the following formalities:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 証人二人以上の立会いがあること。
art-969/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-969/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-969/par-1/item-1
at least two witnesses are present;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 遺言者が遺言の趣旨を公証人に口授すること。
art-969/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-969/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-969/par-1/item-2
the testator gives oral instructions to a notary as to the tenor of the will;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の公正証書は、公証人法（明治四十一年法律第五十三号）の定めるところにより作成するものとする。
art-969/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-969/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-969/par-2
The notarial instrument referred to in the preceding paragraph is to be prepared as provided by the Notary Act (Act No. 53 of 1908).
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 第一項第一号の証人については、公証人法第三十条に規定する証人とみなして、同法の規定（同法第三十五条第三項の規定を除く。）を適用する。
art-969/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-969/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-969/par-3
With regard to the witness referred to in paragraph (1), item (i), the provisions of the Notary Act (excluding the provisions of Article 35, paragraph (3) of that Act) apply, deeming the witness to be a witness prescribed in Article 30 of that Act.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百六十九条の二（公正証書遺言の方式の特則） — (Special Provisions on the Formalities of a Notarial Will)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-969-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-969-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-969-2
**第一項** 口がきけない者が公正証書によって遺言をする場合には、遺言者は、公証人及び証人の前で、遺言の趣旨を通訳人の通訳により申述し、又は自書して、前条第一項第二号の口授に代えなければならない。
art-969-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-969-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-969-2/par-1
In order for a testator who cannot speak to make a will in the form of a notarial instrument, the testator must give a statement as to the tenor of the will through an interpreter, or in the testator's own hand, before the notary and witnesses, in lieu of the oral instructions referred to in paragraph (1), item (ii) of the preceding Article.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 公証人は、前項に定める方式に従って公正証書を作ったときは、その旨をその証書に記載し、又は記録しなければならない。
art-969-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-969-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-969-2/par-2
If a notarial instrument is prepared according to the formalities prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the notary must state or record that fact in the instrument.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百七十条（秘密証書遺言） — (Sealed and Notarized Wills)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-970 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-970 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-970
**第一項** 秘密証書によって遺言をするには、次に掲げる方式に従わなければならない。
art-970/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-970/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-970/par-1
For a will to be made in the form of a sealed and notarized instrument, it must be prepared according to the following formalities:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 遺言者が、その証書に署名し、印を押すこと。
art-970/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-970/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-970/par-1/item-1
the testator signs and affixes the testator's seal to the instrument;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 遺言者が、その証書を封じ、証書に用いた印章をもってこれに封印すること。
art-970/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-970/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-970/par-1/item-2
the testator closes and seals the instrument and affixes a seal over the closure using the same seal as that which was used on the instrument;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 遺言者が、公証人一人及び証人二人以上の前に封書を提出して、自己の遺言書である旨並びにその筆者の氏名及び住所を申述すること。
art-970/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-970/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-970/par-1/item-3
the testator presents the closed and sealed instrument before one notary and at least two witnesses, indicating it to be the testator's own will and stating the full name and address of the person who wrote it;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 公証人が、その証書を提出した日付及び遺言者の申述を封紙に記載した後、遺言者及び証人とともにこれに署名し、印を押すこと。
art-970/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-970/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-970/par-1/item-4
after the notary writes the date on which the instrument was presented and the statement of the testator upon the closed and sealed instrument, the notary, together with the testator and the witnesses, sign it and affix their seals thereto.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第九百六十八条第三項の規定は、秘密証書による遺言について準用する。
art-970/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-970/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-970/par-2
The provisions of Article 968, paragraph (3) apply mutatis mutandis to a will in the form of a sealed and notarized instrument.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百七十一条（方式に欠ける秘密証書遺言の効力） — (Validity of a Sealed and Notarized Will with a Formal Deficiency)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-971 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-971 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-971
**第一項** 秘密証書による遺言は、前条に定める方式に欠けるものがあっても、第九百六十八条に定める方式を具備しているときは、自筆証書による遺言としてその効力を有する。
art-971/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-971/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-971/par-1
Even if a will that is in the form of a sealed and notarized instrument is deficient in terms of a formality prescribed in the preceding Article, it is valid as a will made in the form of a holographic instrument if prepared according to the formalities provided for in Article 968.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百七十二条（秘密証書遺言の方式の特則） — (Special Provisions on the Formalities of a Sealed and Notarized Will)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-972 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-972 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-972
**第一項** 口がきけない者が秘密証書によって遺言をする場合には、遺言者は、公証人及び証人の前で、その証書は自己の遺言書である旨並びにその筆者の氏名及び住所を通訳人の通訳により申述し、又は封紙に自書して、第九百七十条第一項第三号の申述に代えなければならない。
art-972/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-972/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-972/par-1
In order for a testator who cannot speak to make a will in the form of a sealed and notarized instrument, the testator must indicate that the instrument is the testator's own will and state the full name and address of the person that wrote it through an interpreter or write the same on the closed and sealed instrument in the testator's own hand before the notary and witnesses, in lieu of the making the statement referred to in Article 970, paragraph (1), item (iii).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合において、遺言者が通訳人の通訳により申述したときは、公証人は、その旨を封紙に記載しなければならない。
art-972/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-972/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-972/par-2
In a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the testator offers a statement through an interpreter, the notary must write an indication of this on the closed and sealed instrument.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の場合において、遺言者が封紙に自書したときは、公証人は、その旨を封紙に記載して、第九百七十条第一項第四号に規定する申述の記載に代えなければならない。
art-972/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-972/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-972/par-3
In a case as referred to in paragraph (1), if the testator writes on the closed and sealed instrument in the testator's own hand, the notary must write an indication of this on the closed and sealed instrument in lieu of writing the statement as prescribed in Article 970, paragraph (1), item (iv).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百七十三条（成年被後見人の遺言） — (Will of an Adult Ward)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-973 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-973 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-973
**第一項** 成年被後見人が事理を弁識する能力を一時回復した時において遺言をするには、医師二人以上の立会いがなければならない。
art-973/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-973/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-973/par-1
At least two doctors must be present in order for an adult ward to make a will at a time that the ward's capacity to appreciate the situation at hand has recovered temporarily.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 遺言に立ち会った医師は、遺言者が遺言をする時において精神上の障害により事理を弁識する能力を欠く状態になかった旨を遺言書に付記して、これに署名し、印を押さなければならない。ただし、秘密証書による遺言にあっては、その封紙にその旨の記載をし、署名し、印を押さなければならない。
art-973/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-973/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-973/par-2
The doctors present during the making of a will must make a supplemental note on the will indicating that the testator did not lack the capacity to appreciate the situation at hand at the time of making the will, and must sign it and affix their seals thereto; provided, however, that for a will in the form of a sealed and notarized instrument, the doctors must write an indication to that effect on the closed and sealed instrument, sign it, and affix their seals thereto.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百七十四条（証人及び立会人の欠格事由） — (Grounds for Ineligibility as a Witness or Person Present)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-974 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-974 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-974
**第一項** 次に掲げる者は、遺言の証人又は立会人となることができない。
art-974/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-974/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-974/par-1
None of the following persons may be a witness or person present to observe a will:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 未成年者
art-974/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-974/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-974/par-1/item-1
a minor;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 推定相続人及び受遺者並びにこれらの配偶者及び直系血族
art-974/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-974/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-974/par-1/item-2
a presumptive heir or legatee, or the spouse or lineal relative of either; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 公証人の配偶者、四親等内の親族、書記及び使用人
art-974/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-974/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-974/par-1/item-3
the spouse, relative within four degrees, secretary, or employee of the notary.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百七十五条（共同遺言の禁止） — (Prohibition of Joint Wills)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-975 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-975 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-975
**第一項** 遺言は、二人以上の者が同一の証書ですることができない。
art-975/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-975/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-975/par-1
A will may not be made by two or more persons on the same instrument.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二款 特別の方式 — Subsection 2 Special Formalities
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-7/sec-2/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-7/sec-2/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-7/sec-2/subsec-2
### 第九百七十六条（死亡の危急に迫った者の遺言） — (Will Made by Person Rapidly Approaching Death)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-976 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-976 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-976
**第一項** 疾病その他の事由によって死亡の危急に迫った者が遺言をしようとするときは、証人三人以上の立会いをもって、その一人に遺言の趣旨を口授して、これをすることができる。この場合においては、その口授を受けた者が、これを筆記して、遺言者及び他の証人に読み聞かせ、又は閲覧させ、各証人がその筆記の正確なことを承認した後、これに署名し、印を押さなければならない。
art-976/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-976/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-976/par-1
If a person who is rapidly approaching death due to illness or any other reason seeks to make a will, that person may do so in the presence of not less than three witnesses by giving oral instructions as to the tenor of the person's will to one of the witnesses. The person receiving the oral instructions in such a case must transcribe them and read back the transcription for the testator and other witnesses to hear or have them inspect it, and then sign the transcription and affix the person's own seal thereto after each of the witnesses has confirmed its accuracy.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 口がきけない者が前項の規定により遺言をする場合には、遺言者は、証人の前で、遺言の趣旨を通訳人の通訳により申述して、同項の口授に代えなければならない。
art-976/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-976/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-976/par-2
In order for a testator who cannot speak to make a will pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the testator must state the tenor of the will through an interpreter before the witnesses in lieu of the oral instructions referred to in that paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項後段の遺言者又は他の証人が耳が聞こえない者である場合には、遺言の趣旨の口授又は申述を受けた者は、同項後段に規定する筆記した内容を通訳人の通訳によりその遺言者又は他の証人に伝えて、同項後段の読み聞かせに代えることができる。
art-976/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-976/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-976/par-3
If the testator or one of the other witnesses as referred to in the latter clause of paragraph (1) is deaf, the person receiving the oral instructions or statement as to the tenor of the person's will may convey the details of the transcription prescribed in that clause to the testator or other witness through an interpreter in lieu of reading it back for the person to hear as referred to in that clause.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前三項の規定によりした遺言は、遺言の日から二十日以内に、証人の一人又は利害関係人から家庭裁判所に請求してその確認を得なければ、その効力を生じない。
art-976/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-976/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-976/par-4
A will made pursuant to the provisions of the preceding three paragraphs is not valid unless declared so by the family court, as requested by one of the witnesses or an interested party within twenty days of the creation of the will.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 家庭裁判所は、前項の遺言が遺言者の真意に出たものであるとの心証を得なければ、これを確認することができない。
art-976/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-976/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-976/par-5
The family court may not issue a declaratory judgment that a will as referred to in the preceding paragraph captures the true intention of the testator unless it has the abiding conviction that such is the case.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百七十七条（伝染病隔離者の遺言） — (Will of a Person under Quarantine)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-977 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-977 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-977
**第一項** 伝染病のため行政処分によって交通を断たれた場所に在る者は、警察官一人及び証人一人以上の立会いをもって遺言書を作ることができる。
art-977/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-977/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-977/par-1
A person that, due to a communicable disease, is in a place that has been isolated pursuant to an administrative disposition may make a will in the presence of one police official and at least one witness.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百七十八条（在船者の遺言） — (Will of a Person Aboard a Vessel)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-978 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-978 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-978
**第一項** 船舶中に在る者は、船長又は事務員一人及び証人二人以上の立会いをもって遺言書を作ることができる。
art-978/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-978/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-978/par-1
A person aboard a ship may make a will in the presence of the ship's captain or crew member, and at least two witnesses.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百七十九条（船舶遭難者の遺言） — (Will of a Person Aboard a Ship in Distress)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-979 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-979 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-979
**第一項** 船舶が遭難した場合において、当該船舶中に在って死亡の危急に迫った者は、証人二人以上の立会いをもって口頭で遺言をすることができる。
art-979/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-979/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-979/par-1
If a ship is in distress, a person rapidly approaching death aboard that ship may make a will orally in the presence of at least two witnesses.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 口がきけない者が前項の規定により遺言をする場合には、遺言者は、通訳人の通訳によりこれをしなければならない。
art-979/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-979/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-979/par-2
In order for a testator who cannot speak to make a will pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the testator must do so through an interpreter.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定に従ってした遺言は、証人が、その趣旨を筆記して、これに署名し、印を押し、かつ、証人の一人又は利害関係人から遅滞なく家庭裁判所に請求してその確認を得なければ、その効力を生じない。
art-979/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-979/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-979/par-3
A will made according to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs is not valid unless a witness transcribes the tenor thereof and signs and affixes the witness' seal to the transcription, and is also not valid without being declared so by the family court, as requested without delay by one of the witnesses or an interested party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第九百七十六条第五項の規定は、前項の場合について準用する。
art-979/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-979/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-979/par-4
The provisions of Article 976, paragraph (5) apply mutatis mutandis to a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百八十条（遺言関係者の署名及び押印） — (Signatures and Seals of Persons Connected with the Making of a Will)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-980 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-980 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-980
**第一項** 第九百七十七条及び第九百七十八条の場合には、遺言者、筆者、立会人及び証人は、各自遺言書に署名し、印を押さなければならない。
art-980/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-980/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-980/par-1
In a case as referred to in Article 977 or Article 978, the testator, person who transcribed the will, persons present, and witnesses must sign and affix their seals to the will.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百八十一条（署名又は押印が不能の場合） — (If It Is Not Possible to Sign or Affix a Seal)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-981 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-981 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-981
**第一項** 第九百七十七条から第九百七十九条までの場合において、署名又は印を押すことのできない者があるときは、立会人又は証人は、その事由を付記しなければならない。
art-981/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-981/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-981/par-1
In a case as referred to in one of Article 977 through Article 979, if there is a person who is unable to sign or affix a seal, a person present or a witness must make a supplementary note of the reason for this.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百八十二条（普通の方式による遺言の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Wills Made Using Standard Formalities)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-982 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-982 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-982
**第一項** 第九百六十八条第三項及び第九百七十三条から第九百七十五条までの規定は、第九百七十六条から前条までの規定による遺言について準用する。
art-982/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-982/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-982/par-1
The provisions of Article 968, paragraph (3) and Article 973 through Article 975 apply mutatis mutandis to a will under the provisions of Article 976 through Article 981.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百八十三条（特別の方式による遺言の効力） — (Validity of Wills Made Using Special Formalities)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-983 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-983 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-983
**第一項** 第九百七十六条から前条までの規定によりした遺言は、遺言者が普通の方式によって遺言をすることができるようになった時から六箇月間生存するときは、その効力を生じない。
art-983/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-983/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-983/par-1
A will made pursuant to the provisions of Article 976 through Article 982 is not valid if the testator survives for a period of six months from the time the testator recovers the ability to make a will using standard formalities.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百八十四条（外国に在る日本人の遺言の方式） — (Formalities for Wills by Japanese Nationals in a Foreign Country)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-984 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-984 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-984
**第一項** 日本の領事の駐在する地に在る日本人が公正証書又は秘密証書によって遺言をしようとするときは、公証人の職務は、領事が行う。この場合においては、第九百七十条第一項第四号の規定にかかわらず、遺言者及び証人は、同号の印を押すことを要しない。
art-984/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-984/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-984/par-1
If a Japanese national who is in a country where there is a Japanese consulate seeks to make a will in the form of a notarial instrument or sealed and notarized instrument, the duties of the notary are undertaken by the consulate. In this case, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 970, paragraph (1), item (iv), the testator and the witnesses are not required to affix the seal referred to in that item.
machine translation, not official
## 第三節 遺言の効力 — Section 3 Effect of a Will
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-7/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-7/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-7/sec-3
### 第九百八十五条（遺言の効力の発生時期） — (When the Effect of a Will Arises)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-985 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-985 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-985
**第一項** 遺言は、遺言者の死亡の時からその効力を生ずる。
art-985/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-985/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-985/par-1
A will takes effect at the time of the testator's death.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 遺言に停止条件を付した場合において、その条件が遺言者の死亡後に成就したときは、遺言は、条件が成就した時からその効力を生ずる。
art-985/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-985/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-985/par-2
If a will contains a condition precedent and the condition is fulfilled after the death of the testator, the will takes effect from the time that condition is fulfilled.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百八十六条（遺贈の放棄） — (Renunciation of a Legacy)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-986 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-986 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-986
**第一項** 受遺者は、遺言者の死亡後、いつでも、遺贈の放棄をすることができる。
art-986/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-986/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-986/par-1
A legatee may renounce a legacy at any time after the death of the testator.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 遺贈の放棄は、遺言者の死亡の時にさかのぼってその効力を生ずる。
art-986/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-986/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-986/par-2
The renunciation of a legacy is valid retroactive to the time of the testator's death.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百八十七条（受遺者に対する遺贈の承認又は放棄の催告） — (Issuing Notice to Legatees to Accept or Renounce Their Legacies)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-987 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-987 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-987
**第一項** 遺贈義務者（遺贈の履行をする義務を負う者をいう。以下この節において同じ。）その他の利害関係人は、受遺者に対し、相当の期間を定めて、その期間内に遺贈の承認又は放棄をすべき旨の催告をすることができる。この場合において、受遺者がその期間内に遺贈義務者に対してその意思を表示しないときは、遺贈を承認したものとみなす。
art-987/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-987/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-987/par-1
The person charged with a legacy (meaning a person who bears a duty to discharge a legacy; hereinafter the same applies in this Section) or any other interested party may issue notice to a legatee that the legatee must accept or renounce the legacy within a reasonable, specified period of time. In such a case, if the legatee does not manifest an intention to the person charged with the legacy within that period, the legacy is deemed to have been accepted.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百八十八条（受遺者の相続人による遺贈の承認又は放棄） — (Acceptance or Renunciation of a Legacy by the Legatee's Heir)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-988 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-988 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-988
**第一項** 受遺者が遺贈の承認又は放棄をしないで死亡したときは、その相続人は、自己の相続権の範囲内で、遺贈の承認又は放棄をすることができる。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-988/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-988/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-988/par-1
If a legatee dies without accepting or renouncing a legacy, the legatee's heir may accept or renounce the legacy within the scope of the heir's own right of inheritance; provided, however, that if the testator manifests different intention by will, that intention prevails.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百八十九条（遺贈の承認及び放棄の撤回及び取消し） — (Revocation and Rescission; Acceptance or Renunciation of a Legacy)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-989 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-989 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-989
**第一項** 遺贈の承認及び放棄は、撤回することができない。
art-989/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-989/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-989/par-1
The acceptance or renunciation of a legacy may not be revoked.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第九百十九条第二項及び第三項の規定は、遺贈の承認及び放棄について準用する。
art-989/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-989/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-989/par-2
The provisions of Article 919, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the acceptance and renunciation of a legacy.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百九十条（包括受遺者の権利義務） — (Rights and Duties of a Universal Legatee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-990 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-990 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-990
**第一項** 包括受遺者は、相続人と同一の権利義務を有する。
art-990/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-990/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-990/par-1
A universal legatee has the same rights and duties as an heir.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百九十一条（受遺者による担保の請求） — (Request for Security by a Legatee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-991 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-991 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-991
**第一項** 受遺者は、遺贈が弁済期に至らない間は、遺贈義務者に対して相当の担保を請求することができる。停止条件付きの遺贈についてその条件の成否が未定である間も、同様とする。
art-991/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-991/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-991/par-1
Before a legacy becomes due, the legatee may request reasonable security from the person charged with the legacy. The same applies with respect to a legacy that is subject to a condition precedent while the fulfillment of that condition is pending.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百九十二条（受遺者による果実の取得） — (Acquisition of the Fruits of a Legacy)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-992 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-992 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-992
**第一項** 受遺者は、遺贈の履行を請求することができる時から果実を取得する。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-992/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-992/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-992/par-1
A legatee acquires the fruits of the legacy beginning from when the legatee may request that the legacy be paid; provided, however, that if the testator manifests different intention by will, that intention prevails.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百九十三条（遺贈義務者による費用の償還請求） — (Claim for Reimbursement of Expenses by the Person Charged with the Legacy)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-993 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-993 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-993
**第一項** 第二百九十九条の規定は、遺贈義務者が遺言者の死亡後に遺贈の目的物について費用を支出した場合について準用する。
art-993/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-993/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-993/par-1
The provisions of Article 299 apply mutatis mutandis if the person charged with a legacy incurs expenses in respect of the object of the legacy after the death of the testator.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 果実を収取するために支出した通常の必要費は、果実の価格を超えない限度で、その償還を請求することができる。
art-993/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-993/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-993/par-2
It is permissible to claim reimbursement for any normal and necessary expenses incurred in collecting the fruits of a legacy, up to the limit of the value of those fruits.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百九十四条（受遺者の死亡による遺贈の失効） — (Lapse of Legacy Due to the Death of the Legatee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-994 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-994 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-994
**第一項** 遺贈は、遺言者の死亡以前に受遺者が死亡したときは、その効力を生じない。
art-994/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-994/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-994/par-1
A legacy does not become effective if the legatee predeceases the testator.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 停止条件付きの遺贈については、受遺者がその条件の成就前に死亡したときも、前項と同様とする。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-994/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-994/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-994/par-2
The preceding paragraph also applies in respect of a legacy that is subject to a condition precedent, if the legatee dies before the fulfillment of the condition; provided, however, that if the testator manifests different intention by will, that intention prevails.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百九十五条（遺贈の無効又は失効の場合の財産の帰属） — (Devolution of Property If a Legacy Is Invalidated or Lapses)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-995 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-995 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-995
**第一項** 遺贈が、その効力を生じないとき、又は放棄によってその効力を失ったときは、受遺者が受けるべきであったものは、相続人に帰属する。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-995/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-995/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-995/par-1
If the effect of a legacy does not arise, or if its effect is lost due to renunciation, that which the legatee would have received devolves to the heirs; provided, however, that if the testator manifests a different intention by will, that intention prevails.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百九十六条（相続財産に属しない権利の遺贈） — (Legacy of Rights Not Belonging to the Estate)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-996 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-996 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-996
**第一項** 遺贈は、その目的である権利が遺言者の死亡の時において相続財産に属しなかったときは、その効力を生じない。ただし、その権利が相続財産に属するかどうかにかかわらず、これを遺贈の目的としたものと認められるときは、この限りでない。
art-996/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-996/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-996/par-1
A legacy does not take effect unless the rights that are the object of that legacy belong to the estate at the time of the testator's death; provided, however, that, regardless of whether such rights are part of the estate, the foregoing does not apply if it is found that the testator made those rights the object of the legacy.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百九十七条
art-997 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-997 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-997
**第一項** 相続財産に属しない権利を目的とする遺贈が前条ただし書の規定により有効であるときは、遺贈義務者は、その権利を取得して受遺者に移転する義務を負う。
art-997/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-997/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-997/par-1
If a legacy having as its object rights not belonging to the estate takes effect pursuant to the proviso to the preceding Article, the person charged with the legacy bears a duty to obtain those rights and transfer them to the legatee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合において、同項に規定する権利を取得することができないとき、又はこれを取得するについて過分の費用を要するときは、遺贈義務者は、その価額を弁償しなければならない。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-997/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-997/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-997/par-2
In a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the rights prescribed in that paragraph cannot be obtained or if obtaining them would require excessive expenses, the person charged with the legacy must compensate the legatee for the value of those rights; provided, however, that if the testator manifests different intention by will, that intention prevails.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百九十八条（遺贈義務者の引渡義務） — Obligation of the Person Obligated to Perform a Legacy to Deliver
caption: machine translation, not official
art-998 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-998 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-998
**第一項** 遺贈義務者は、遺贈の目的である物又は権利を、相続開始の時（その後に当該物又は権利について遺贈の目的として特定した場合にあっては、その特定した時）の状態で引き渡し、又は移転する義務を負う。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-998/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-998/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-998/par-1
A person charged with a legacy is obligated to deliver or transfer the thing or right that is the object of the legacy in the condition it was in at the time of the opening of succession (or, if the thing or right was specified as the object of the legacy after that, at the time it was specified); provided, however, that if the testator manifests a different intention in the will, that intention prevails.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百九十九条（遺贈の物上代位） — (Extension of a Security Interest to the Proceeds of a Legacy)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-999 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-999 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-999
**第一項** 遺言者が、遺贈の目的物の滅失若しくは変造又はその占有の喪失によって第三者に対して償金を請求する権利を有するときは、その権利を遺贈の目的としたものと推定する。
art-999/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-999/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-999/par-1
If the testator has the right to claim compensation from a third party because of the loss, alteration, or loss of possession of the object of a legacy, that right is presumed to have been made the object of the legacy.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 遺贈の目的物が、他の物と付合し、又は混和した場合において、遺言者が第二百四十三条から第二百四十五条までの規定により合成物又は混和物の単独所有者又は共有者となったときは、その全部の所有権又は持分を遺贈の目的としたものと推定する。
art-999/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-999/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-999/par-2
If accession or mixture has arisen in respect of the object of a legacy and another thing and the testator has become the sole owner or a co-owner of the thing formed by accession or mixture pursuant to the provisions of Articles 243 through 245, full ownership of that thing or the testator's share therein is presumed to have been made the object of the legacy.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千条 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-1000 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1000 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1000
**第一項** 削除
art-1000/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1000/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1000/par-1
no English for this paragraph
### 第千一条（債権の遺贈の物上代位） — (Extension of a Security Interest to the Proceeds of a Legacy Constituting a Claim)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1001 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1001 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1001
**第一項** 債権を遺贈の目的とした場合において、遺言者が弁済を受け、かつ、その受け取った物がなお相続財産中に在るときは、その物を遺贈の目的としたものと推定する。
art-1001/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1001/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1001/par-1
In the event that a claim has been made the object of a legacy, if the testator has received payment or delivery in respect of that claim and a thing so received is among the estate, that thing is presumed to have been made the object of that legacy.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 金銭を目的とする債権を遺贈の目的とした場合においては、相続財産中にその債権額に相当する金銭がないときであっても、その金額を遺贈の目的としたものと推定する。
art-1001/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1001/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1001/par-2
If money is the object of a claim that has been made the object of a legacy, that money is presumed to have been made the object of the legacy even if funds equivalent to that claim are not among the estate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千二条（負担付遺贈） — (Conditioned Legacy)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1002 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1002 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1002
**第一項** 負担付遺贈を受けた者は、遺贈の目的の価額を超えない限度においてのみ、負担した義務を履行する責任を負う。
art-1002/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1002/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1002/par-1
A person receiving a conditioned legacy is only liable for the performance of the obligations so borne up to the limit of the value of the object of the legacy.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 受遺者が遺贈の放棄をしたときは、負担の利益を受けるべき者は、自ら受遺者となることができる。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-1002/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1002/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1002/par-2
If a legatee renounces the legacy, the person who would have benefitted by the burden may personally become a legatee; provided, however, that if the testator manifests different intention by will, that intention prevails.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千三条（負担付遺贈の受遺者の免責） — (Exemption of the Legatee from a Conditioned Legacy)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1003 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1003 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1003
**第一項** 負担付遺贈の目的の価額が相続の限定承認又は遺留分回復の訴えによって減少したときは、受遺者は、その減少の割合に応じて、その負担した義務を免れる。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-1003/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1003/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1003/par-1
If the value of the object of a conditioned legacy is reduced due to the qualified acceptance of a succession or through an action to recover the statutory reserved share, the legatee is exempted from a proportion of the obligations borne under that legacy, in line with the proportion of the reduction; provided, however, that if the testator manifests different intention by will, that intention prevails.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四節 遺言の執行 — Section 4 Execution of Will
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-7/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-7/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-7/sec-4
### 第千四条（遺言書の検認） — (Probating of Will)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1004 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1004 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1004
**第一項** 遺言書の保管者は、相続の開始を知った後、遅滞なく、これを家庭裁判所に提出して、その検認を請求しなければならない。遺言書の保管者がない場合において、相続人が遺言書を発見した後も、同様とする。
art-1004/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1004/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1004/par-1
Without delay after learning of the opening of the succession, the custodian of will must submit the will to the family court and file a request for probate. The same applies after an heir discovers the will, if no one is its custodian.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、公正証書による遺言については、適用しない。
art-1004/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1004/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1004/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply to a will in the form of a notarial instrument.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 封印のある遺言書は、家庭裁判所において相続人又はその代理人の立会いがなければ、開封することができない。
art-1004/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1004/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1004/par-3
A will that has been closed and sealed may not be opened except in the family court and in the presence of the heirs or their representatives.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千五条（過料） — (Civil Fines)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1005 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1005 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1005
**第一項** 前条の規定により遺言書を提出することを怠り、その検認を経ないで遺言を執行し、又は家庭裁判所外においてその開封をした者は、五万円以下の過料に処する。
art-1005/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1005/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1005/par-1
A person failing to submit a will pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, executing a will without it passing through probate, or opening a closed and sealed will in a place other than the family court is subject to a civil fine of not more than 50,000 yen.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千六条（遺言執行者の指定） — (Designation of the Executor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1006 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1006 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1006
**第一項** 遺言者は、遺言で、一人又は数人の遺言執行者を指定し、又はその指定を第三者に委託することができる。
art-1006/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1006/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1006/par-1
A testator may designate one or several executors, or entrust that designation to a third party, by will.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 遺言執行者の指定の委託を受けた者は、遅滞なく、その指定をして、これを相続人に通知しなければならない。
art-1006/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1006/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1006/par-2
A person entrusted with the designation of an executor must make that designation and notify the heirs thereof without delay.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 遺言執行者の指定の委託を受けた者がその委託を辞そうとするときは、遅滞なくその旨を相続人に通知しなければならない。
art-1006/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1006/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1006/par-3
A person entrusted with the designation of an executor and seeking to decline to do so must notify the heirs that effect without delay.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千七条（遺言執行者の任務の開始） — (Commencement of Duties of Executor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1007 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1007 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1007
**第一項** 遺言執行者が就職を承諾したときは、直ちにその任務を行わなければならない。
art-1007/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1007/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1007/par-1
Upon consenting to act as executor, the executor must immediately undertake the duties of that role.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 遺言執行者は、その任務を開始したときは、遅滞なく、遺言の内容を相続人に通知しなければならない。
art-1007/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1007/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1007/par-2
Upon commencing the duties of that role, the executor must immediately notify the heirs of the contents of the will.
machine translation, not official
### 第千八条（遺言執行者に対する就職の催告） — (Demanding the Executor to Act as Such)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1008 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1008 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1008
**第一項** 相続人その他の利害関係人は、遺言執行者に対し、相当の期間を定めて、その期間内に就職を承諾するかどうかを確答すべき旨の催告をすることができる。この場合において、遺言執行者が、その期間内に相続人に対して確答をしないときは、就職を承諾したものとみなす。
art-1008/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1008/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1008/par-1
An heir or other interested party may demand the executor to answer definitively as to whether the executor consents to act as such within a reasonable period of time specified by the heir or interested party. In such a case, if the executor does not answer the heir definitively within that period, the executor is deemed to consent to act as such.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千九条（遺言執行者の欠格事由） — (Grounds for Ineligibility as Executor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1009 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1009 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1009
**第一項** 未成年者及び破産者は、遺言執行者となることができない。
art-1009/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1009/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1009/par-1
A minor or a bankrupt may not become an executor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千十条（遺言執行者の選任） — (Appointment of Executor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1010 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1010 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1010
**第一項** 遺言執行者がないとき、又はなくなったときは、家庭裁判所は、利害関係人の請求によって、これを選任することができる。
art-1010/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1010/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1010/par-1
If there is no executor or there comes to no longer be an executor, the family court may appoint an executor at the request of an interested party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千十一条（相続財産の目録の作成） — (Preparation of an Inventory of Estate)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1011 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1011 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1011
**第一項** 遺言執行者は、遅滞なく、相続財産の目録を作成して、相続人に交付しなければならない。
art-1011/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1011/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1011/par-1
The executor must prepare an inventory of the estate and deliver this to the heirs without delay.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 遺言執行者は、相続人の請求があるときは、その立会いをもって相続財産の目録を作成し、又は公証人にこれを作成させなければならない。
art-1011/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1011/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1011/par-2
If an heir so requests, the executor must prepare the inventory of the estate in the heir's presence or have a notary prepare it.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千十二条（遺言執行者の権利義務） — (Rights and Duties of Executor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1012 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1012 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1012
**第一項** 遺言執行者は、遺言の内容を実現するため、相続財産の管理その他遺言の執行に必要な一切の行為をする権利義務を有する。
art-1012/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1012/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1012/par-1
In order to realize the contents of the will, the executor has the right and the duty to administer the estate and to perform all other actions necessary to the execution of the will.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 遺言執行者がある場合には、遺贈の履行は、遺言執行者のみが行うことができる。
art-1012/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1012/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1012/par-2
If there is an executor, performance of a legacy may be carried out only by the executor.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 第六百四十四条、第六百四十五条から第六百四十七条まで及び第六百五十条の規定は、遺言執行者について準用する。
art-1012/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1012/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1012/par-3
The provisions of Articles 644, 645 through 647 and 650 apply mutatis mutandis to the executor.
machine translation, not official
### 第千十三条（遺言の執行の妨害行為の禁止） — (Prohibition of Interference with the Execution of Will)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1013 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1013 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1013
**第一項** 遺言執行者がある場合には、相続人は、相続財産の処分その他遺言の執行を妨げるべき行為をすることができない。
art-1013/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1013/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1013/par-1
If there is an executor, it is not permissible for an heir to dispose of the estate or to take any other action that interferes with the execution of the will.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定に違反してした行為は、無効とする。ただし、これをもって善意の第三者に対抗することができない。
art-1013/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1013/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1013/par-2
An act done in violation of the provisions of the preceding paragraph is void; provided, however, that this may not be duly asserted against a third party in good faith.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 前二項の規定は、相続人の債権者（相続債権者を含む。）が相続財産についてその権利を行使することを妨げない。
art-1013/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1013/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1013/par-3
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not preclude a creditor of an heir (including a creditor of the succession) from exercising that creditor's rights with respect to the estate.
machine translation, not official
### 第千十四条（特定財産に関する遺言の執行） — (Execution of the Testator's Will Concerning Specific Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1014 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1014 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1014
**第一項** 前三条の規定は、遺言が相続財産のうち特定の財産に関する場合には、その財産についてのみ適用する。
art-1014/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1014/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1014/par-1
If a testator's will concerns specific property from among the estate, the provisions of Articles 1011 through 1013 apply only with respect to that specific property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 遺産の分割の方法の指定として遺産に属する特定の財産を共同相続人の一人又は数人に承継させる旨の遺言（以下「特定財産承継遺言」という。）があったときは、遺言執行者は、当該共同相続人が第八百九十九条の二第一項に規定する対抗要件を備えるために必要な行為をすることができる。
art-1014/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1014/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1014/par-2
If there is a will to the effect that specific property belonging to the estate is to be succeeded to by one or several of the coheirs as a designation of how the estate is divided (hereinafter referred to as a "will for succession of specific property"), the executor may take the actions necessary for that coheir to satisfy the requirements of perfection prescribed in Article 899-2, paragraph (1).
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 前項の財産が預貯金債権である場合には、遺言執行者は、同項に規定する行為のほか、その預金又は貯金の払戻しの請求及びその預金又は貯金に係る契約の解約の申入れをすることができる。ただし、解約の申入れについては、その預貯金債権の全部が特定財産承継遺言の目的である場合に限る。
art-1014/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1014/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1014/par-3
If the property referred to in the preceding paragraph is a claim for deposits, the executor may, in addition to the actions prescribed in that paragraph, request the withdrawal of those deposits or savings and give notice of termination of the contract relating to those deposits or savings; provided, however, that notice of termination may be given only if the whole of the claim for deposits is the object of a will for succession of specific property.
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 前二項の規定にかかわらず、被相続人が遺言で別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-1014/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1014/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1014/par-4
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, if the decedent has manifested a different intention by will, that intention prevails.
machine translation, not official
### 第千十五条（遺言執行者の行為の効果） — Effect of Acts of Executor
caption: machine translation, not official
art-1015 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1015 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1015
**第一項** 遺言執行者がその権限内において遺言執行者であることを示してした行為は、相続人に対して直接にその効力を生ずる。
art-1015/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1015/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1015/par-1
An act done by an executor within the scope of the executor's authority, with an indication of being the executor, takes effect directly with respect to the heirs.
machine translation, not official
### 第千十六条（遺言執行者の復任権） — (Executor's Right to Appoint a Subagent)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1016 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1016 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1016
**第一項** 遺言執行者は、自己の責任で第三者にその任務を行わせることができる。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-1016/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1016/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1016/par-1
An executor may have a third party undertake the duties of executor on the executor's own responsibility; provided, however, that if the testator manifests a different intention by will, that intention prevails.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項本文の場合において、第三者に任務を行わせることについてやむを得ない事由があるときは、遺言執行者は、相続人に対してその選任及び監督についての責任のみを負う。
art-1016/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1016/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1016/par-2
In the case referred to in the main clause of the preceding paragraph, if there is a compelling reason to have a third party undertake the duties, the executor is liable to the heirs only for the appointment and supervision of that third party.
machine translation, not official
### 第千十七条（遺言執行者が数人ある場合の任務の執行） — (Execution of Duties If There Are Multiple Executors)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1017 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1017 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1017
**第一項** 遺言執行者が数人ある場合には、その任務の執行は、過半数で決する。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-1017/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1017/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1017/par-1
If there are multiple executors, the way in which they execute their duties is decided by majority; provided, however, that if the testator manifests different intention by will, that intention prevails.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 各遺言執行者は、前項の規定にかかわらず、保存行為をすることができる。
art-1017/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1017/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1017/par-2
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, any individual executor may undertake an act of preservation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千十八条（遺言執行者の報酬） — (Remuneration of Executor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1018 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1018 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1018
**第一項** 家庭裁判所は、相続財産の状況その他の事情によって遺言執行者の報酬を定めることができる。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に報酬を定めたときは、この限りでない。
art-1018/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1018/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1018/par-1
The family court may set the remuneration of an executor based on the condition of the estate and other circumstances; provided, however, that this does not apply if the testator specifies the remuneration in the will.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第六百四十八条第二項及び第三項並びに第六百四十八条の二の規定は、遺言執行者が報酬を受けるべき場合について準用する。
art-1018/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1018/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1018/par-2
The provisions of Article 648, paragraphs (2) and (3) and Article 648-2 apply mutatis mutandis when an executor receives remuneration.
machine translation, not official
### 第千十九条（遺言執行者の解任及び辞任） — (Dismissal and Resignation of Executor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1019 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1019 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1019
**第一項** 遺言執行者がその任務を怠ったときその他正当な事由があるときは、利害関係人は、その解任を家庭裁判所に請求することができる。
art-1019/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1019/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1019/par-1
An interested party may file a request with the family court to dismiss the executor if that executor fails to do the duties thereof or if there is any other legitimate reason for dismissal.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 遺言執行者は、正当な事由があるときは、家庭裁判所の許可を得て、その任務を辞することができる。
art-1019/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1019/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1019/par-2
If there is a legitimate reason, an executor may resign from duties as executor with the permission of the family court.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千二十条（委任の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Mandate Provisions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1020 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1020 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1020
**第一項** 第六百五十四条及び第六百五十五条の規定は、遺言執行者の任務が終了した場合について準用する。
art-1020/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1020/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1020/par-1
The provisions of Articles 654 and 655 apply mutatis mutandis when duties of an executor come to an end.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千二十一条（遺言の執行に関する費用の負担） — (Burden of Expenses for the Execution of a Will)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1021 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1021 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1021
**第一項** 遺言の執行に関する費用は、相続財産の負担とする。ただし、これによって遺留分を減ずることができない。
art-1021/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1021/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1021/par-1
Expenses for the execution of a will are borne by the estate; provided, however, that the statutory reserved shares may not be reduced by this.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第五節 遺言の撤回及び取消し — Section 5 Revocation and Rescission of Wills
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-7/sec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-7/sec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-7/sec-5
### 第千二十二条（遺言の撤回） — (Revocation of a Will)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1022 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1022 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1022
**第一項** 遺言者は、いつでも、遺言の方式に従って、その遺言の全部又は一部を撤回することができる。
art-1022/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1022/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1022/par-1
A testator may at any time revoke a will in whole or in part, using the formalities for the making of a will to do so.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千二十三条（前の遺言と後の遺言との抵触等） — (Conflicting Previous and Later Wills)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1023 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1023 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1023
**第一項** 前の遺言が後の遺言と抵触するときは、その抵触する部分については、後の遺言で前の遺言を撤回したものとみなす。
art-1023/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1023/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1023/par-1
If a previous will conflicts with a later will, the testator is deemed to have revoked the conflicting part of the previous will by making the later will.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、遺言が遺言後の生前処分その他の法律行為と抵触する場合について準用する。
art-1023/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1023/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1023/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if a will conflicts with a disposition inter vivos, or any other such juridical act, that is undertaken after the will is made.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千二十四条（遺言書又は遺贈の目的物の破棄） — (Destruction of the Will or of the Thing Constituting the Object of the Legacy)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1024 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1024 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1024
**第一項** 遺言者が故意に遺言書を破棄したときは、その破棄した部分については、遺言を撤回したものとみなす。遺言者が故意に遺贈の目的物を破棄したときも、同様とする。
art-1024/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1024/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1024/par-1
If a testator intentionally destroys a will, the testator is deemed to have revoked the part of the will that has been destroyed. The same applies if the testator intentionally destroys a thing constituting the object of a legacy.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千二十五条（撤回された遺言の効力） — (Validity of a Will That Has Been Revoked)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1025 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1025 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1025
**第一項** 前三条の規定により撤回された遺言は、その撤回の行為が、撤回され、取り消され、又は効力を生じなくなるに至ったときであっても、その効力を回復しない。ただし、その行為が錯誤、詐欺又は強迫による場合は、この限りでない。
art-1025/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1025/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1025/par-1
A will revoked pursuant to the provisions of Articles 1022 through 1024 does not recover validity even if the act of revocation is revoked, rescinded, or invalidated; provided, however, that this does not apply if the act of revocation was the result of mistake, fraud, or duress.
machine translation, not official
### 第千二十六条（遺言の撤回権の放棄の禁止） — (Prohibition on Waiver of the Right to Revoke One's Will)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1026 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1026 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1026
**第一項** 遺言者は、その遺言を撤回する権利を放棄することができない。
art-1026/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1026/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1026/par-1
A testator may not waive the right to revoke a will.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千二十七条（負担付遺贈に係る遺言の取消し） — (Rescission of the Testator's Will as Regards a Conditioned Legacy)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1027 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1027 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1027
**第一項** 負担付遺贈を受けた者がその負担した義務を履行しないときは、相続人は、相当の期間を定めてその履行の催告をすることができる。この場合において、その期間内に履行がないときは、その負担付遺贈に係る遺言の取消しを家庭裁判所に請求することができる。
art-1027/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1027/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1027/par-1
If a person receiving a conditioned legacy is not performing the duty imposed thereby, an heir may demand that the person perform that duty within a reasonable period of time. In such a case, if the person does not perform the duty within that period of time, the heir may file a request with the family court to rescind the testator's will as regards the conditioned legacy.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第八章 配偶者の居住の権利 — Chapter VIII Right of Residence of the Spouse
heading: machine translation, not official
pt-5/ch-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-8
## 第一節 配偶者居住権 — Section 1 Spouse's Right of Residence
heading: machine translation, not official
pt-5/ch-8/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-8/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-8/sec-1
### 第千二十八条（配偶者居住権） — Spouse's Right of Residence
caption: machine translation, not official
art-1028 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1028 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1028
**第一項** 被相続人の配偶者（以下この章において単に「配偶者」という。）は、被相続人の財産に属した建物に相続開始の時に居住していた場合において、次の各号のいずれかに該当するときは、その居住していた建物（以下この節において「居住建物」という。）の全部について無償で使用及び収益をする権利（以下この章において「配偶者居住権」という。）を取得する。ただし、被相続人が相続開始の時に居住建物を配偶者以外の者と共有していた場合にあっては、この限りでない。
art-1028/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1028/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1028/par-1
The spouse of the decedent (hereinafter in this Chapter referred to simply as the "spouse"), if the spouse was residing at the time the succession opened in a building that belonged to the property of the decedent, and if any of the following items applies, acquires the right to use and profit from the whole of the building in which the spouse was residing (hereinafter in this Section referred to as the "building of residence") free of charge (hereinafter in this Chapter referred to as the "spouse's right of residence"); provided, however, that this does not apply if the decedent co-owned the building of residence with a person other than the spouse at the time the succession opened.
machine translation, not official
**一** 遺産の分割によって配偶者居住権を取得するものとされたとき。
art-1028/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1028/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1028/par-1/item-1
if it is provided that the spouse is to acquire the spouse's right of residence through division of the estate;
machine translation, not official
**二** 配偶者居住権が遺贈の目的とされたとき。
art-1028/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1028/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1028/par-1/item-2
if the spouse's right of residence is made the object of a legacy.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 居住建物が配偶者の財産に属することとなった場合であっても、他の者がその共有持分を有するときは、配偶者居住権は、消滅しない。
art-1028/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1028/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1028/par-2
Even if the building of residence comes to belong to the property of the spouse, the spouse's right of residence is not extinguished if another person holds a co-ownership interest therein.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 第九百三条第四項の規定は、配偶者居住権の遺贈について準用する。
art-1028/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1028/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1028/par-3
The provisions of Article 903, paragraph (4) apply mutatis mutandis to a legacy of the spouse's right of residence.
machine translation, not official
### 第千二十九条（審判による配偶者居住権の取得） — Acquisition of Spouse's Right of Residence by Adjudication
caption: machine translation, not official
art-1029 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1029 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1029
**第一項** 遺産の分割の請求を受けた家庭裁判所は、次に掲げる場合に限り、配偶者が配偶者居住権を取得する旨を定めることができる。
art-1029/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1029/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1029/par-1
The family court that has received a request for division of the estate may determine that the spouse is to acquire the spouse's right of residence only in the following cases:
machine translation, not official
**一** 共同相続人間に配偶者が配偶者居住権を取得することについて合意が成立しているとき。
art-1029/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1029/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1029/par-1/item-1
if an agreement has been reached among the coheirs that the spouse is to acquire the spouse's right of residence;
machine translation, not official
**二** 配偶者が家庭裁判所に対して配偶者居住権の取得を希望する旨を申し出た場合において、居住建物の所有者の受ける不利益の程度を考慮してもなお配偶者の生活を維持するために特に必要があると認めるとき（前号に掲げる場合を除く。）。
art-1029/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1029/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1029/par-1/item-2
if the spouse has informed the family court of a wish to acquire the spouse's right of residence and the court finds that, even taking into account the degree of detriment to be suffered by the owner of the building of residence, it is particularly necessary in order to maintain the spouse's livelihood (excluding the case set forth in the preceding item).
machine translation, not official
### 第千三十条（配偶者居住権の存続期間） — Duration of Spouse's Right of Residence
caption: machine translation, not official
art-1030 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1030 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1030
**第一項** 配偶者居住権の存続期間は、配偶者の終身の間とする。ただし、遺産の分割の協議若しくは遺言に別段の定めがあるとき、又は家庭裁判所が遺産の分割の審判において別段の定めをしたときは、その定めるところによる。
art-1030/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1030/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1030/par-1
The duration of the spouse's right of residence is the lifetime of the spouse; provided, however, that if there is a different determination in the agreement on division of the estate or in the will, or if the family court has made a different determination in the adjudication on division of the estate, that determination governs.
machine translation, not official
### 第千三十一条（配偶者居住権の登記等） — Registration, etc. of Spouse's Right of Residence
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art-1031 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1031 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1031
**第一項** 居住建物の所有者は、配偶者（配偶者居住権を取得した配偶者に限る。以下この節において同じ。）に対し、配偶者居住権の設定の登記を備えさせる義務を負う。
art-1031/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1031/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1031/par-1
The owner of the building of residence is under an obligation to cause the spouse (limited to a spouse who has acquired the spouse's right of residence; the same applies hereinafter in this Section) to obtain registration of the establishment of the spouse's right of residence.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 第六百五条の規定は配偶者居住権について、第六百五条の四の規定は配偶者居住権の設定の登記を備えた場合について準用する。
art-1031/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1031/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1031/par-2
The provisions of Article 605 apply mutatis mutandis to the spouse's right of residence, and the provisions of Article 605-4 apply mutatis mutandis to the case where registration of the establishment of the spouse's right of residence has been obtained.
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### 第千三十二条（配偶者による使用及び収益） — Use and Profit by Spouse
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art-1032 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1032 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1032
**第一項** 配偶者は、従前の用法に従い、善良な管理者の注意をもって、居住建物の使用及び収益をしなければならない。ただし、従前居住の用に供していなかった部分について、これを居住の用に供することを妨げない。
art-1032/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1032/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1032/par-1
The spouse must use and profit from the building of residence in accordance with its previous manner of use and with the due care of a prudent manager; provided, however, that this does not preclude the spouse from putting to residential use any portion that was not previously put to residential use.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 配偶者居住権は、譲渡することができない。
art-1032/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1032/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1032/par-2
The spouse's right of residence may not be assigned.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 配偶者は、居住建物の所有者の承諾を得なければ、居住建物の改築若しくは増築をし、又は第三者に居住建物の使用若しくは収益をさせることができない。
art-1032/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1032/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1032/par-3
The spouse may not rebuild or add to the building of residence, or allow a third party to use or profit from the building of residence, without obtaining the consent of the owner of the building of residence.
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 配偶者が第一項又は前項の規定に違反した場合において、居住建物の所有者が相当の期間を定めてその是正の催告をし、その期間内に是正がされないときは、居住建物の所有者は、当該配偶者に対する意思表示によって配偶者居住権を消滅させることができる。
art-1032/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1032/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1032/par-4
If the spouse has violated the provisions of paragraph (1) or the preceding paragraph, and the owner of the building of residence has demanded rectification by specifying a reasonable period of time but rectification has not been made within that period, the owner of the building of residence may extinguish the spouse's right of residence by a manifestation of intention to that spouse.
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### 第千三十三条（居住建物の修繕等） — Repairs, etc. of Building of Residence
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art-1033 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1033 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1033
**第一項** 配偶者は、居住建物の使用及び収益に必要な修繕をすることができる。
art-1033/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1033/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1033/par-1
The spouse may make the repairs necessary for the use and profit of the building of residence.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 居住建物の修繕が必要である場合において、配偶者が相当の期間内に必要な修繕をしないときは、居住建物の所有者は、その修繕をすることができる。
art-1033/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1033/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1033/par-2
If repairs to the building of residence are necessary and the spouse does not make the necessary repairs within a reasonable period of time, the owner of the building of residence may make the repairs.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 居住建物が修繕を要するとき（第一項の規定により配偶者が自らその修繕をするときを除く。）、又は居住建物について権利を主張する者があるときは、配偶者は、居住建物の所有者に対し、遅滞なくその旨を通知しなければならない。ただし、居住建物の所有者が既にこれを知っているときは、この限りでない。
art-1033/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1033/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1033/par-3
If the building of residence requires repairs (excluding the case where the spouse makes the repairs on the spouse's own pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1)), or if there is a person who asserts a right with respect to the building of residence, the spouse must notify the owner of the building of residence to that effect without delay; provided, however, that this does not apply if the owner of the building of residence already knows of it.
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### 第千三十四条（居住建物の費用の負担） — Bearing of Expenses of Building of Residence
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art-1034 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1034 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1034
**第一項** 配偶者は、居住建物の通常の必要費を負担する。
art-1034/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1034/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1034/par-1
The spouse bears the ordinarily necessary expenses of the building of residence.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 第五百八十三条第二項の規定は、前項の通常の必要費以外の費用について準用する。
art-1034/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1034/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1034/par-2
The provisions of Article 583, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to costs other than the ordinarily necessary expenses referred to in the preceding paragraph.
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### 第千三十五条（居住建物の返還等） — Return of the Building of Residence, etc.
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art-1035 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1035 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1035
**第一項** 配偶者は、配偶者居住権が消滅したときは、居住建物の返還をしなければならない。ただし、配偶者が居住建物について共有持分を有する場合は、居住建物の所有者は、配偶者居住権が消滅したことを理由としては、居住建物の返還を求めることができない。
art-1035/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1035/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1035/par-1
When the spouse's right of residence is extinguished, the spouse must return the building of residence; provided, however, that if the spouse holds a co-ownership interest in the building of residence, the owner of the building of residence may not demand return of the building of residence on the grounds that the spouse's right of residence has been extinguished.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 第五百九十九条第一項及び第二項並びに第六百二十一条の規定は、前項本文の規定により配偶者が相続の開始後に附属させた物がある居住建物又は相続の開始後に生じた損傷がある居住建物の返還をする場合について準用する。
art-1035/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1035/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1035/par-2
The provisions of Article 599, paragraphs (1) and (2) and Article 621 apply mutatis mutandis to the case where, pursuant to the main clause of the preceding paragraph, the spouse returns a building of residence that has things the spouse attached after the opening of the succession or that has damage arising after the opening of the succession.
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### 第千三十六条（使用貸借及び賃貸借の規定の準用） — Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Loans for Use and Leases
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art-1036 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1036 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1036
**第一項** 第五百九十七条第一項及び第三項、第六百条、第六百十三条並びに第六百十六条の二の規定は、配偶者居住権について準用する。
art-1036/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1036/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1036/par-1
The provisions of Article 597, paragraphs (1) and (3), Articles 600 and 613, and Article 616-2 apply mutatis mutandis to the spouse's right of residence.
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## 第二節 配偶者短期居住権 — Section 2 Spouse's Short-Term Right of Residence
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pt-5/ch-8/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-8/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-8/sec-2
### 第千三十七条（配偶者短期居住権） — Spouse's Short-Term Right of Residence
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art-1037 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1037 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1037
**第一項** 配偶者は、被相続人の財産に属した建物に相続開始の時に無償で居住していた場合には、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じてそれぞれ当該各号に定める日までの間、その居住していた建物（以下この節において「居住建物」という。）の所有権を相続又は遺贈により取得した者（以下この節において「居住建物取得者」という。）に対し、居住建物について無償で使用する権利（居住建物の一部のみを無償で使用していた場合にあっては、その部分について無償で使用する権利。以下この節において「配偶者短期居住権」という。）を有する。ただし、配偶者が、相続開始の時において居住建物に係る配偶者居住権を取得したとき、又は第八百九十一条の規定に該当し若しくは廃除によってその相続権を失ったときは、この限りでない。
art-1037/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1037/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1037/par-1
If the spouse was residing free of charge, at the time the succession opened, in a building that belonged to the property of the decedent, the spouse has, until the date specified in each of the following items for the category set forth in that item, as against the person who has acquired ownership of the building in which the spouse was residing (hereinafter in this Section referred to as the "building of residence") through succession or a legacy (hereinafter in this Section referred to as the "acquirer of the building of residence"), the right to use the building of residence free of charge (or, if the spouse was using only a part of the building of residence free of charge, the right to use that part free of charge; hereinafter in this Section referred to as the "spouse's short-term right of residence"); provided, however, that this does not apply if the spouse has acquired the spouse's right of residence with respect to the building of residence at the time the succession opened, or falls under the provisions of Article 891 or has lost the right of inheritance through disinheritance.
machine translation, not official
**一** 居住建物について配偶者を含む共同相続人間で遺産の分割をすべき場合 遺産の分割により居住建物の帰属が確定した日又は相続開始の時から六箇月を経過する日のいずれか遅い日
art-1037/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1037/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1037/par-1/item-1
in the case where the estate is to be divided with respect to the building of residence among the coheirs including the spouse: the later of the date on which attribution of the building of residence is finalized by the division of the estate or the date on which six months have passed since the time the succession opened;
machine translation, not official
**二** 前号に掲げる場合以外の場合 第三項の申入れの日から六箇月を経過する日
art-1037/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1037/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1037/par-1/item-2
in cases other than that set forth in the preceding item: the date on which six months have passed since the date of the notice referred to in paragraph (3).
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項本文の場合においては、居住建物取得者は、第三者に対する居住建物の譲渡その他の方法により配偶者の居住建物の使用を妨げてはならない。
art-1037/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1037/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1037/par-2
In the case referred to in the main clause of the preceding paragraph, the acquirer of the building of residence must not interfere with the spouse's use of the building of residence by assigning the building of residence to a third party or by any other means.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 居住建物取得者は、第一項第一号に掲げる場合を除くほか、いつでも配偶者短期居住権の消滅の申入れをすることができる。
art-1037/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1037/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1037/par-3
Except in the case set forth in paragraph (1), item (i), the acquirer of the building of residence may give notice of extinguishment of the spouse's short-term right of residence at any time.
machine translation, not official
### 第千三十八条（配偶者による使用） — Use by Spouse
caption: machine translation, not official
art-1038 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1038 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1038
**第一項** 配偶者（配偶者短期居住権を有する配偶者に限る。以下この節において同じ。）は、従前の用法に従い、善良な管理者の注意をもって、居住建物の使用をしなければならない。
art-1038/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1038/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1038/par-1
The spouse (limited to a spouse who has the spouse's short-term right of residence; the same applies hereinafter in this Section) must use the building of residence in accordance with its previous manner of use and with the due care of a prudent manager.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 配偶者は、居住建物取得者の承諾を得なければ、第三者に居住建物の使用をさせることができない。
art-1038/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1038/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1038/par-2
The spouse may not allow a third party to use the building of residence without obtaining the consent of the acquirer of the building of residence.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 配偶者が前二項の規定に違反したときは、居住建物取得者は、当該配偶者に対する意思表示によって配偶者短期居住権を消滅させることができる。
art-1038/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1038/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1038/par-3
If the spouse violates the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, the acquirer of the building of residence may extinguish the spouse's short-term right of residence by a manifestation of intention to that spouse.
machine translation, not official
### 第千三十九条（配偶者居住権の取得による配偶者短期居住権の消滅） — Extinguishment of the Spouse's Short-Term Right of Residence upon Acquisition of the Spouse's Right of Residence
caption: machine translation, not official
art-1039 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1039 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1039
**第一項** 配偶者が居住建物に係る配偶者居住権を取得したときは、配偶者短期居住権は、消滅する。
art-1039/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1039/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1039/par-1
If the spouse acquires the spouse's right of residence relating to the building of residence, the spouse's short-term right of residence is extinguished.
machine translation, not official
### 第千四十条（居住建物の返還等） — Return of the Building of Residence, etc.
caption: machine translation, not official
art-1040 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1040 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1040
**第一項** 配偶者は、前条に規定する場合を除き、配偶者短期居住権が消滅したときは、居住建物の返還をしなければならない。ただし、配偶者が居住建物について共有持分を有する場合は、居住建物取得者は、配偶者短期居住権が消滅したことを理由としては、居住建物の返還を求めることができない。
art-1040/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1040/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1040/par-1
Except in the case prescribed in the preceding Article, when the spouse's short-term right of residence is extinguished, the spouse must return the building of residence; provided, however, that if the spouse holds a co-ownership interest in the building of residence, the acquirer of the building of residence may not demand the return of the building of residence on the grounds that the spouse's short-term right of residence has been extinguished.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 第五百九十九条第一項及び第二項並びに第六百二十一条の規定は、前項本文の規定により配偶者が相続の開始後に附属させた物がある居住建物又は相続の開始後に生じた損傷がある居住建物の返還をする場合について準用する。
art-1040/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1040/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1040/par-2
The provisions of Article 599, paragraphs (1) and (2) and Article 621 apply mutatis mutandis where, pursuant to the main clause of the preceding paragraph, the spouse returns a building of residence to which the spouse has attached something after the opening of the succession or a building of residence that has sustained damage arising after the opening of the succession.
machine translation, not official
### 第千四十一条（使用貸借等の規定の準用） — Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Loans for Use, etc.
caption: machine translation, not official
art-1041 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1041 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1041
**第一項** 第五百九十七条第三項、第六百条、第六百十六条の二、第千三十二条第二項、第千三十三条及び第千三十四条の規定は、配偶者短期居住権について準用する。
art-1041/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1041/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1041/par-1
The provisions of Article 597, paragraph (3), Article 600, Article 616-2, Article 1032, paragraph (2), Article 1033, and Article 1034 apply mutatis mutandis to the spouse's short-term right of residence.
machine translation, not official
## 第九章 遺留分 — Chapter IX Statutory Reserved Share
heading: machine translation, not official
pt-5/ch-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-9
### 第千四十二条（遺留分の帰属及びその割合） — Devolution of the Statutory Reserved Share and the Proportion Thereof
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art-1042 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1042 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1042
**第一項** 兄弟姉妹以外の相続人は、遺留分として、次条第一項に規定する遺留分を算定するための財産の価額に、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じてそれぞれ当該各号に定める割合を乗じた額を受ける。
art-1042/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1042/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1042/par-1
Heirs other than siblings receive, as the statutory reserved share, the amount obtained by multiplying the value of the property for calculating the statutory reserved share prescribed in paragraph (1) of the following Article by the proportion specified in each of the following items according to the categories set forth in those items.
machine translation, not official
**一** 直系尊属のみが相続人である場合 三分の一
art-1042/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1042/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1042/par-1/item-1
if only lineal ascendants are the heirs: one-third;
machine translation, not official
**二** 前号に掲げる場合以外の場合 二分の一
art-1042/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1042/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1042/par-1/item-2
in a case other than that set forth in the preceding item: one-half.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 相続人が数人ある場合には、前項各号に定める割合は、これらに第九百条及び第九百一条の規定により算定したその各自の相続分を乗じた割合とする。
art-1042/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1042/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1042/par-2
If there are two or more heirs, the proportions specified in the items of the preceding paragraph are the proportions obtained by multiplying them by each heir's share of the estate calculated pursuant to the provisions of Articles 900 and 901.
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### 第千四十三条（遺留分を算定するための財産の価額） — Value of the Property for Calculating the Statutory Reserved Share
caption: machine translation, not official
art-1043 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1043 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1043
**第一項** 遺留分を算定するための財産の価額は、被相続人が相続開始の時において有した財産の価額にその贈与した財産の価額を加えた額から債務の全額を控除した額とする。
art-1043/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1043/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1043/par-1
The value of the property for calculating the statutory reserved share is the amount of the value of any gifts made by the decedent plus the value of the property held by the decedent at the time the succession opens minus all debts.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 条件付きの権利又は存続期間の不確定な権利は、家庭裁判所が選任した鑑定人の評価に従って、その価格を定める。
art-1043/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1043/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1043/par-2
The values of conditional claims and claims of indefinite duration are determined based on the valuation of the appraiser appointed by the family court.
machine translation, not official
### 第千四十四条
art-1044 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1044 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1044
**第一項** 贈与は、相続開始前の一年間にしたものに限り、前条の規定によりその価額を算入する。当事者双方が遺留分権利者に損害を加えることを知って贈与をしたときは、一年前の日より前にしたものについても、同様とする。
art-1044/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1044/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1044/par-1
Only gifts made within the one year period before the opening of the succession are included in the calculation pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article. A gift made more than one year before that day is also included in the calculation if it was made with both parties' knowledge that it would harm persons entitled to the statutory reserved share.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 第九百四条の規定は、前項に規定する贈与の価額について準用する。
art-1044/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1044/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1044/par-2
The provisions of Article 904 apply mutatis mutandis to the value of gifts prescribed in the preceding paragraph.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 相続人に対する贈与についての第一項の規定の適用については、同項中「一年」とあるのは「十年」と、「価額」とあるのは「価額（婚姻若しくは養子縁組のため又は生計の資本として受けた贈与の価額に限る。）」とする。
art-1044/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1044/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1044/par-3
With regard to the application of the provisions of paragraph (1) to gifts to heirs, the term "one year" in that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "10 years", and the term "value" is deemed to be replaced with "value (limited to the value of gifts received for marriage or adoption or as capital for livelihood)".
machine translation, not official
### 第千四十五条
art-1045 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1045 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1045
**第一項** 負担付贈与がされた場合における第千四十三条第一項に規定する贈与した財産の価額は、その目的の価額から負担の価額を控除した額とする。
art-1045/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1045/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1045/par-1
In the case of a gift with burden, the value of the gifted property prescribed in Article 1043, paragraph (1) is the amount obtained by deducting the value of the burden from the value of its object.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 不相当な対価をもってした有償行為は、当事者双方が遺留分権利者に損害を加えることを知ってしたものに限り、当該対価を負担の価額とする負担付贈与とみなす。
art-1045/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1045/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1045/par-2
A compensated act performed for an undue consideration is deemed to be a gift with burden in which the value of the burden is that consideration, only if both parties performed it with the knowledge that it would harm persons entitled to the statutory reserved share.
machine translation, not official
### 第千四十六条（遺留分侵害額の請求） — Claim for the Amount of Infringement of the Statutory Reserved Share
caption: machine translation, not official
art-1046 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1046 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1046
**第一項** 遺留分権利者及びその承継人は、受遺者（特定財産承継遺言により財産を承継し又は相続分の指定を受けた相続人を含む。以下この章において同じ。）又は受贈者に対し、遺留分侵害額に相当する金銭の支払を請求することができる。
art-1046/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1046/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1046/par-1
A person entitled to the statutory reserved share and that person's successor may demand from a legatee (including an heir who has succeeded to property under a will for succession of specific property or has received designation of a share of the estate; the same applies below in this Chapter) or a donee payment of a sum of money equivalent to the amount of infringement of the statutory reserved share.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 遺留分侵害額は、第千四十二条の規定による遺留分から第一号及び第二号に掲げる額を控除し、これに第三号に掲げる額を加算して算定する。
art-1046/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1046/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1046/par-2
The amount of infringement of the statutory reserved share is calculated by deducting the amounts set forth in items (i) and (ii) from the statutory reserved share under the provisions of Article 1042 and adding the amount set forth in item (iii).
machine translation, not official
**一** 遺留分権利者が受けた遺贈又は第九百三条第一項に規定する贈与の価額
art-1046/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1046/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1046/par-2/item-1
the value of a legacy or of a gift prescribed in Article 903, paragraph (1) received by the person entitled to the statutory reserved share;
machine translation, not official
**二** 第九百条から第九百二条まで、第九百三条及び第九百四条の規定により算定した相続分に応じて遺留分権利者が取得すべき遺産の価額
art-1046/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1046/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1046/par-2/item-2
the value of the estate that the person entitled to the statutory reserved share should acquire in accordance with the share of the estate calculated pursuant to the provisions of Articles 900 through 902, Article 903, and Article 904;
machine translation, not official
**三** 被相続人が相続開始の時において有した債務のうち、第八百九十九条の規定により遺留分権利者が承継する債務（次条第三項において「遺留分権利者承継債務」という。）の額
art-1046/par-2/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1046/par-2/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1046/par-2/item-3
of the obligations that the decedent held at the time the succession opened, the amount of the obligations that the person entitled to the statutory reserved share succeeds to pursuant to the provisions of Article 899 (referred to as "obligation succeeded to by the person entitled to the statutory reserved share" in paragraph (3) of the following Article).
machine translation, not official
### 第千四十七条（受遺者又は受贈者の負担額） — Amount Borne by a Legatee or Donee
caption: machine translation, not official
art-1047 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1047 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1047
**第一項** 受遺者又は受贈者は、次の各号の定めるところに従い、遺贈（特定財産承継遺言による財産の承継又は相続分の指定による遺産の取得を含む。以下この章において同じ。）又は贈与（遺留分を算定するための財産の価額に算入されるものに限る。以下この章において同じ。）の目的の価額（受遺者又は受贈者が相続人である場合にあっては、当該価額から第千四十二条の規定による遺留分として当該相続人が受けるべき額を控除した額）を限度として、遺留分侵害額を負担する。
art-1047/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1047/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1047/par-1
A legatee or donee bears the amount of infringement of the statutory reserved share, as provided in each of the following items, up to the limit of the value of the object of the legacy (including succession to property under a will for succession of specific property and acquisition of the estate by designation of a share of the estate; the same applies below in this Chapter) or the gift (limited to those included in the value of the property for calculating the statutory reserved share; the same applies below in this Chapter) (or, if the legatee or donee is an heir, the amount obtained by deducting from that value the amount that the heir should receive as the statutory reserved share under the provisions of Article 1042).
machine translation, not official
**一** 受遺者と受贈者とがあるときは、受遺者が先に負担する。
art-1047/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1047/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1047/par-1/item-1
if there are both a legatee and a donee, the legatee bears the amount first;
machine translation, not official
**二** 受遺者が複数あるとき、又は受贈者が複数ある場合においてその贈与が同時にされたものであるときは、受遺者又は受贈者がその目的の価額の割合に応じて負担する。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-1047/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1047/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1047/par-1/item-2
if there are multiple legatees, or if there are multiple donees and the gifts were made at the same time, the legatees or donees bear the amount in proportion to the value of the object of their legacies or gifts; provided, however, that if the testator manifests a different intention by will, that intention prevails;
machine translation, not official
**三** 受贈者が複数あるとき（前号に規定する場合を除く。）は、後の贈与に係る受贈者から順次前の贈与に係る受贈者が負担する。
art-1047/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1047/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1047/par-1/item-3
if there are multiple donees (excluding the case prescribed in the preceding item), the donees bear the amount in sequence, starting from the donee under the later gift and proceeding to the donees under the earlier gifts.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 第九百四条、第千四十三条第二項及び第千四十五条の規定は、前項に規定する遺贈又は贈与の目的の価額について準用する。
art-1047/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1047/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1047/par-2
The provisions of Article 904, Article 1043, paragraph (2) and Article 1045 apply mutatis mutandis to the value of the object of the legacy or gift prescribed in the preceding paragraph.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 前条第一項の請求を受けた受遺者又は受贈者は、遺留分権利者承継債務について弁済その他の債務を消滅させる行為をしたときは、消滅した債務の額の限度において、遺留分権利者に対する意思表示によって第一項の規定により負担する債務を消滅させることができる。この場合において、当該行為によって遺留分権利者に対して取得した求償権は、消滅した当該債務の額の限度において消滅する。
art-1047/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1047/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1047/par-3
A legatee or donee who has received the request referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, if the legatee or donee has made performance with respect to an obligation succeeded to by the person entitled to the statutory reserved share or has taken any other act that extinguishes an obligation, may extinguish the obligation borne pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), up to the limit of the amount of the obligation thus extinguished, by a manifestation of intention to the person entitled to the statutory reserved share. In this case, the right to reimbursement acquired against the person entitled to the statutory reserved share by that act is extinguished up to the limit of the amount of the obligation thus extinguished.
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 受遺者又は受贈者の無資力によって生じた損失は、遺留分権利者の負担に帰する。
art-1047/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1047/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1047/par-4
Losses arising from the insolvency of a legatee or donee are borne by the persons entitled to the statutory reserved share.
machine translation, not official
**第五項** 裁判所は、受遺者又は受贈者の請求により、第一項の規定により負担する債務の全部又は一部の支払につき相当の期限を許与することができる。
art-1047/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1047/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1047/par-5
The court may, at the request of a legatee or donee, grant a reasonable period of time for payment of all or part of the obligation borne pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1).
machine translation, not official
### 第千四十八条（遺留分侵害額請求権の期間の制限） — Limitation of the Period for the Claim for the Amount of Infringement of the Statutory Reserved Share
caption: machine translation, not official
art-1048 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1048 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1048
**第一項** 遺留分侵害額の請求権は、遺留分権利者が、相続の開始及び遺留分を侵害する贈与又は遺贈があったことを知った時から一年間行使しないときは、時効によって消滅する。相続開始の時から十年を経過したときも、同様とする。
art-1048/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1048/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1048/par-1
If a person entitled to the statutory reserved share does not exercise the right to claim the amount of infringement of the statutory reserved share within one year from the time the person learns of the opening of succession and the existence of a gift or legacy that infringes the statutory reserved share, that right is extinguished by prescription. The same applies when ten years have passed since the time the succession opened.
machine translation, not official
### 第千四十九条（遺留分の放棄） — (Renunciation of a Statutory Reserved Share)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1049 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1049 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1049
**第一項** 相続の開始前における遺留分の放棄は、家庭裁判所の許可を受けたときに限り、その効力を生ずる。
art-1049/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1049/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1049/par-1
The renunciation of a statutory reserved share that occurs before the opening of the succession only takes effect with the permission of the family court.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 共同相続人の一人のした遺留分の放棄は、他の各共同相続人の遺留分に影響を及ぼさない。
art-1049/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1049/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1049/par-2
The renunciation of a statutory reserved share by coheir has no effect upon the statutory reserved share of another coheir.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第十章 特別の寄与 — Chapter X Special Contribution
heading: machine translation, not official
pt-5/ch-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-10
### 第千五十条
art-1050 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1050 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1050
**第一項** 被相続人に対して無償で療養看護その他の労務の提供をしたことにより被相続人の財産の維持又は増加について特別の寄与をした被相続人の親族（相続人、相続の放棄をした者及び第八百九十一条の規定に該当し又は廃除によってその相続権を失った者を除く。以下この条において「特別寄与者」という。）は、相続の開始後、相続人に対し、特別寄与者の寄与に応じた額の金銭（以下この条において「特別寄与料」という。）の支払を請求することができる。
art-1050/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1050/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1050/par-1
A relative of the decedent who, by providing medical treatment, care or other labor to the decedent free of charge, has made a special contribution to the maintenance or increase of the property of the decedent (excluding heirs, persons who have renounced the succession, and persons who have lost the right of inheritance by falling under the provisions of Article 891 or through disinheritance; hereinafter in this Article referred to as a "special contributor") may, after the opening of the succession, demand that the heirs pay a sum of money in an amount corresponding to the special contributor's contribution (hereinafter in this Article referred to as a "special contribution payment").
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項の規定による特別寄与料の支払について、当事者間に協議が調わないとき、又は協議をすることができないときは、特別寄与者は、家庭裁判所に対して協議に代わる処分を請求することができる。ただし、特別寄与者が相続の開始及び相続人を知った時から六箇月を経過したとき、又は相続開始の時から一年を経過したときは、この限りでない。
art-1050/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1050/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1050/par-2
If an agreement is not reached between the parties concerning payment of the special contribution payment under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, or if discussions cannot be held, the special contributor may file a request with the family court for a disposition in lieu of discussions; provided, however, that this does not apply if six months have passed since the special contributor learned of the opening of the succession and of the heirs, or if one year has passed since the time the succession opened.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 前項本文の場合には、家庭裁判所は、寄与の時期、方法及び程度、相続財産の額その他一切の事情を考慮して、特別寄与料の額を定める。
art-1050/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1050/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1050/par-3
In the case referred to in the main clause of the preceding paragraph, the family court determines the amount of the special contribution payment in consideration of the timing, means and extent of the contribution, the value of the estate, and all other circumstances.
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 特別寄与料の額は、被相続人が相続開始の時において有した財産の価額から遺贈の価額を控除した残額を超えることができない。
art-1050/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1050/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1050/par-4
The amount of the special contribution payment may not exceed the amount remaining after the value of legacies is deducted from the value of the property held by the decedent at the time the succession opens.
machine translation, not official
**第五項** 相続人が数人ある場合には、各相続人は、特別寄与料の額に第九百条から第九百二条までの規定により算定した当該相続人の相続分を乗じた額を負担する。
art-1050/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1050/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1050/par-5
If there are multiple heirs, each heir bears the amount obtained by multiplying the amount of the special contribution payment by that heir's share of the estate as calculated pursuant to the provisions of Articles 900 through 902.
machine translation, not official
---
# 附則・別表・様式 (supplementary provisions, appended tables and forms)
## 附 則 大正一五年四月二四日法律第六九号
suppl-2151-69 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-2151-69 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-2151-69
**第一項** 本法施行ノ期日ハ勅令ヲ以テ之ヲ定ム
suppl-2151-69/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-2151-69/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-2151-69/par-1
The date on which this Act comes into effect is specified by Imperial Ordinance.
machine translation, not official
## 附 則 昭和一三年三月二二日法律第一八号
suppl-3131-18 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3131-18 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3131-18
**第一項** 本法施行ノ期日ハ勅令ヲ以テ之ヲ定ム
suppl-3131-18/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3131-18/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3131-18/par-1
The date on which this Act comes into effect is specified by Imperial Ordinance.
machine translation, not official
## 附 則 昭和二二年四月一六日法律第六一号
suppl-3221-61 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-61 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-61
### 第一条
suppl-3221-61/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-61/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-61/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、日本国憲法施行の日から、これを施行する。
suppl-3221-61/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-61/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-61/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the day on which The Constitution of Japan comes into effect.
machine translation, not official
## 附 則 昭和二二年一二月二二日法律第二二二号
suppl-3221-222 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222
### 第一条
suppl-3221-222/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、昭和二十三年一月一日から、これを施行する。
suppl-3221-222/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of January 1, 1948.
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### 第二条
suppl-3221-222/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-2
**第一項** 明治三十五年法律第三十七号は、これを廃止する。
suppl-3221-222/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-2/par-1
Act No. 37 of 1902 is repealed.
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### 第三条
suppl-3221-222/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-3
**第一項** この附則で、新法とは、この法律による改正後の民法をいい、旧法とは、従前の民法をいい、応急措置法とは、昭和二十二年法律第七十四号をいう。
suppl-3221-222/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-3/par-1
In these Supplementary Provisions, the "New Act" means the Civil Code as amended by this Act, the "Former Act" means the Civil Code as it previously stood, and the "Emergency Measures Act" means Act No. 74 of 1947.
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### 第四条
suppl-3221-222/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-4
**第一項** 新法は、別段の規定のある場合を除いては、新法施行前に生じた事項にもこれを適用する。但し、旧法及び応急措置法によつて生じた効力を妨げない。
suppl-3221-222/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-4/par-1
Except where otherwise provided, the New Act also applies to matters that arose before the New Act came into effect; provided, however, that this does not preclude effects that arose under the Former Act and the Emergency Measures Act.
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### 第五条
suppl-3221-222/art-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-5
**第一項** 応急措置法施行前に妻が旧法第十四条第一項の規定に違反してした行為は、これを取り消すことができない。
suppl-3221-222/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-5/par-1
An act done by a wife before the Emergency Measures Act came into effect in violation of the provisions of Article 14, paragraph (1) of the Former Act may not be rescinded.
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### 第六条
suppl-3221-222/art-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-6
**第一項** 応急措置法施行前にした隠居が旧法によつて取り消すことができる場合には、なお、旧法によつてこれを取り消すことができる。この場合には、旧法第七百六十条の規定を適用する。
suppl-3221-222/art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-6/par-1
Where a retirement of the head of a household effected before the Emergency Measures Act came into effect may be rescinded under the Former Act, it may still be rescinded under the Former Act. In this case, the provisions of Article 760 of the Former Act apply.
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### 第七条
suppl-3221-222/art-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-7
**第一項** 応急措置法施行前に隠居又は入夫婚姻による戸主権の喪失があつた場合には、なお、旧法第七百六十一条の規定を適用する。
suppl-3221-222/art-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-7/par-1
Where there was a loss of the authority of the head of a household through retirement or through a marriage by entry of a husband into the household before the Emergency Measures Act came into effect, the provisions of Article 761 of the Former Act still apply.
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### 第八条
suppl-3221-222/art-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-8
**第一項** 新法施行前にした婚姻が旧法によつて取り消すことができる場合でも、その取消の原因である事項が新法に定めてないときは、その婚姻は、これを取り消すことができない。
suppl-3221-222/art-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-8/par-1
Even where a marriage contracted before the New Act came into effect may be cancelled under the Former Act, if the matter constituting the ground for cancellation is not provided for in the New Act, that marriage may not be cancelled.
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### 第九条
suppl-3221-222/art-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-9
**第一項** 新法第七百六十四条において準用する新法第七百四十七条第二項の期間は、当事者が、新法施行前に、詐欺を発見し、又は強迫を免かれた場合には、新法施行の日から、これを起算する。
suppl-3221-222/art-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-9/par-1
The period referred to in Article 747, paragraph (2) of the New Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 764 of the New Act is counted from the day the New Act comes into effect, in the case where the party discovered the fraud or escaped from the duress before the New Act came into effect.
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### 第十条
suppl-3221-222/art-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-10
**第一項** 日本国憲法施行後新法施行前に離婚した者の一方は、新法第七百六十八条の規定に従い相手方に対して財産の分与を請求することができる。
suppl-3221-222/art-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-10/par-1
A party to a divorce that took place after The Constitution of Japan came into effect and before the New Act came into effect may ask the other party to effectuate a division of property in accordance with the provisions of Article 768 of the New Act.
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**第二項** 前項の規定は、婚姻の取消についてこれを準用する。
suppl-3221-222/art-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-10/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to the cancellation of a marriage.
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### 第十一条
suppl-3221-222/art-11 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-11 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-11
**第一項** 新法施行前に生じた事実を原因とする離婚の請求については、なお、従前の例による。
suppl-3221-222/art-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-11/par-1
With regard to a request for divorce based on facts that arose before the New Act came into effect, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第二項** 新法第七百七十条第二項の規定は、前項の場合にこれを準用する。
suppl-3221-222/art-11/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-11/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-11/par-2
The provisions of Article 770, paragraph (2) of the New Act apply mutatis mutandis to the case referred to in the preceding paragraph.
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### 第十二条
suppl-3221-222/art-12 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-12 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-12
**第一項** 応急措置法施行前に未成年の子が旧法第七百三十七条又は第七百三十八条の規定によつて父又は母の家に入つた場合には、その子は、成年に達した時から一年以内に従前の氏に復することができる。その子が新法施行前に成年に達した場合において、新法施行後一年以内も、同様である。
suppl-3221-222/art-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-12/par-1
If, before the Emergency Measures Act came into effect, a minor child entered the house of the father or mother pursuant to the provisions of Article 737 or Article 738 of the Former Act, that child may revert to the former surname within one year from the time of attaining the age of majority. The same applies within one year after the New Act came into effect, where that child attained the age of majority before the New Act came into effect.
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### 第十三条
suppl-3221-222/art-13 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-13 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-13
**第一項** 第八条、第九条及び第十一条の規定は、養子縁組についてこれを準用する。
suppl-3221-222/art-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-13/par-1
The provisions of Article 8, Article 9 and Article 11 of these Supplementary Provisions apply mutatis mutandis to adoption.
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### 第十四条
suppl-3221-222/art-14 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-14 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-14
**第一項** 新法施行の際、現に、婚姻中でない父母が、共同して未成年の子に対して親権を行つている場合には、新法施行後も、引き続き共同して親権を行う。但し、父母は、協議でその一方を親権者と定めることができる。
suppl-3221-222/art-14/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-14/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-14/par-1
If, at the time the New Act comes into effect, parents who are not married to each other are in fact jointly exercising parental authority over a minor child, they continue to jointly exercise parental authority after the New Act comes into effect; provided, however, that the parents may, by agreement, determine one of them to be the person with parental authority.
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**第二項** 前項但書の協議が調わないとき、又は協議をすることができないときは、家事審判所は、父又は母の請求によつて協議に代わる審判をすることができる。
suppl-3221-222/art-14/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-14/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-14/par-2
If the agreement referred to in the proviso of the preceding paragraph is not reached, or if discussions cannot be held, the family affairs tribunal may, at the request of the father or mother, make an adjudication in lieu of the agreement.
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**第三項** 新法第八百十九条第六項の規定は、第一項但書又は前項の規定によつて親権者が定められた場合にこれを準用する。
suppl-3221-222/art-14/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-14/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-14/par-3
The provisions of Article 819, paragraph (6) of the New Act apply mutatis mutandis where a person with parental authority has been determined pursuant to the proviso of paragraph (1) or the preceding paragraph.
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### 第十五条
suppl-3221-222/art-15 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-15 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-15
**第一項** 応急措置法施行前に、親権を行う母が、旧法第八百八十六条の規定に違反してし、又は同意を与えた行為は、これを取り消すことができない。
suppl-3221-222/art-15/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-15/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-15/par-1
An act that a mother exercising parental authority did, or to which she gave consent, in violation of the provisions of Article 886 of the Former Act before the Emergency Measures Act came into effect may not be rescinded.
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### 第十六条
suppl-3221-222/art-16 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-16 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-16
**第一項** 第二十一条の規定は、応急措置法施行前に親権を行つていた継父、継母又は嫡母についてこれを準用する。
suppl-3221-222/art-16/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-16/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-16/par-1
The provisions of Article 21 of these Supplementary Provisions apply mutatis mutandis to a stepfather, a stepmother or the legal wife of the father who exercised parental authority before the Emergency Measures Act came into effect.
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### 第十七条
suppl-3221-222/art-17 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-17 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-17
**第一項** 新法施行前に親族会員と親権に服した子との間に財産の管理について生じた債権については、なお、旧法第八百九十四条の規定を適用する。
suppl-3221-222/art-17/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-17/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-17/par-1
With regard to a claim that arose before the New Act came into effect between a member of the family council and a child subject to parental authority concerning the management of property, the provisions of Article 894 of the Former Act still apply.
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### 第十八条
suppl-3221-222/art-18 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-18 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-18
**第一項** 新法施行前に母が旧法の規定によつて子の財産の管理を辞した場合において、新法施行の際その子のためにまだ後見が開始していないときは、その辞任は、新法施行後は、その効力を有しない。
suppl-3221-222/art-18/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-18/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-18/par-1
If, before the New Act came into effect, a mother resigned from the management of the child's property under the provisions of the Former Act, and guardianship has not yet commenced for that child at the time the New Act comes into effect, that resignation ceases to be effective after the New Act comes into effect.
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### 第十九条
suppl-3221-222/art-19 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-19 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-19
**第一項** 新法施行の際現に旧法第九百二条の規定によつて父母の一方が後見人であるとき、又は旧法第九百四条の規定によつて選任された後見人があるときは、その後見人は、新法施行のため、当然にはその地位を失うことはない。但し、新法施行によつて後見が終了し、又は新法による法定後見人があるときは、当然その地位を失う。
suppl-3221-222/art-19/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-19/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-19/par-1
If, at the time the New Act comes into effect, one parent is in fact the guardian under the provisions of Article 902 of the Former Act, or there is a guardian appointed under the provisions of Article 904 of the Former Act, that guardian does not automatically lose that position by reason of the New Act coming into effect; provided, however, that if the guardianship ends upon the New Act coming into effect, or if there is a statutory guardian under the New Act, the guardian automatically loses that position.
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### 第二十条
suppl-3221-222/art-20 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-20 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-20
**第一項** 前条の規定は、後見監督人及び保佐人についてこれを準用する。
suppl-3221-222/art-20/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-20/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-20/par-1
The provisions of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to a guardian's supervisor and a curator.
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### 第二十一条
suppl-3221-222/art-21 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-21 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-21
**第一項** 新法施行前に、後見人が、旧法第九百二十九条の規定に違反してし、又は同意を与えた行為は、なお、旧法によつてこれを取り消すことができる。
suppl-3221-222/art-21/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-21/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-21/par-1
An act that a guardian did, or to which the guardian gave consent, in violation of the provisions of Article 929 of the Former Act before the New Act came into effect may still be rescinded under the Former Act.
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### 第二十二条
suppl-3221-222/art-22 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-22 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-22
**第一項** 第十七条の規定は、親族会員と被後見人又は準禁治産者との間にこれを準用する。
suppl-3221-222/art-22/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-22/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-22/par-1
The provisions of Article 17 of these Supplementary Provisions apply mutatis mutandis between a member of the family council and a ward or a quasi-incompetent person.
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### 第二十三条
suppl-3221-222/art-23 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-23 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-23
**第一項** 新法施行前にされた親族会の決議に対する不服については、なお、旧法を適用する。
suppl-3221-222/art-23/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-23/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-23/par-1
With regard to an objection to a resolution of the family council made before the New Act came into effect, the Former Act still applies.
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**第二項** 前項の規定によつて親族会の決議を取り消す判決が確定した場合でも、親族会であらたに決議をすることは、これを認めない。
suppl-3221-222/art-23/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-23/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-23/par-2
Even where a judgment rescinding a resolution of the family council has become final pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, a new resolution by the family council is not permitted.
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### 第二十四条
suppl-3221-222/art-24 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-24 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-24
**第一項** 新法施行前に扶養に関してされた判決については、新法第八百八十条の規定を準用する。
suppl-3221-222/art-24/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-24/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-24/par-1
With regard to a judgment rendered before the New Act came into effect concerning support, the provisions of Article 880 of the New Act apply mutatis mutandis.
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### 第二十五条
suppl-3221-222/art-25 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-25 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-25
**第一項** 応急措置法施行前に開始した相続に関しては、第二項の場合を除いて、なお、旧法を適用する。
suppl-3221-222/art-25/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-25/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-25/par-1
With regard to a succession that opened before the Emergency Measures Act came into effect, the Former Act still applies, except in the case referred to in paragraph (2).
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 応急措置法施行前に家督相続が開始し、新法施行後に旧法によれば家督相続人を選定しなければならない場合には、その相続に関しては、新法を適用する。但し、その相続の開始が入夫婚姻の取消、入夫の離婚又は養子縁組の取消によるときは、その相続は、財産の相続に関しては開始しなかつたものとみなし、第二十八条の規定を準用する。
suppl-3221-222/art-25/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-25/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-25/par-2
If succession to the headship of a house opened before the Emergency Measures Act came into effect, and a successor to the headship must be selected under the Former Act after the New Act comes into effect, the New Act applies to that succession; provided, however, that if the opening of that succession is due to the cancellation of a marriage by entry of a husband, the divorce of a husband who entered the household, or the annulment of an adoption, that succession is deemed not to have opened with respect to succession to property, and the provisions of Article 28 of these Supplementary Provisions apply mutatis mutandis.
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### 第二十六条
suppl-3221-222/art-26 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-26 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-26
**第一項** 応急措置法施行の際における戸主が婚姻又は養子縁組によつて他家から入つた者である場合には、その家の家附の継子は、新法施行後に開始する相続に関しては、嫡出である子と同一の権利義務を有する。
suppl-3221-222/art-26/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-26/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-26/par-1
If the head of a household at the time the Emergency Measures Act came into effect is a person who entered from another house through marriage or adoption, the stepchild attached to that house has, with respect to a succession that opens after the New Act comes into effect, the same rights and duties as a child in wedlock.
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**第二項** 前項の戸主であつた者について応急措置法施行後新法施行前に相続が開始した場合には、前項の継子は、相続人に対して相続財産の一部の分配を請求することができる。この場合には、第二十七条第二項及び第三項の規定を準用する。
suppl-3221-222/art-26/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-26/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-26/par-2
If succession has opened, after the Emergency Measures Act came into effect and before the New Act came into effect, with respect to the person who was the head of the household referred to in the preceding paragraph, the stepchild referred to in the preceding paragraph may demand that the heirs distribute part of the estate. In this case, the provisions of Article 27, paragraphs (2) and (3) of these Supplementary Provisions apply mutatis mutandis.
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**第三項** 前二項の規定は、第一項の戸主であつた者が応急措置法施行後に婚姻の取消若しくは離婚又は縁組の取消若しくは離縁によつて氏を改めた場合には、これを適用しない。
suppl-3221-222/art-26/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-26/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-26/par-3
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply if the person who was the head of the household referred to in paragraph (1) has changed surname after the Emergency Measures Act came into effect through the cancellation of a marriage or divorce, or the annulment of an adoption or dissolution of the adoptive relationship.
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### 第二十七条
suppl-3221-222/art-27 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-27 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-27
**第一項** 第二十五条第二項本文の場合を除いて、日本国憲法公布の日以後に戸主の死亡による家督相続が開始した場合には、新法によれば共同相続人となるはずであつた者は、家督相続人に対して相続財産の一部の分配を請求することができる。
suppl-3221-222/art-27/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-27/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-27/par-1
Except in the case under the main clause of Article 25, paragraph (2) of these Supplementary Provisions, if succession to headship due to the death of the head of a household opens on or after the date of promulgation of The Constitution of Japan, a person who would have become a coheir under the New Act may demand that the successor to the headship distribute part of the estate.
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**第二項** 前項の規定による相続財産の分配について、当事者間に協議が調わないとき、又は協議をすることができないときは、当事者は、家事審判所に対し協議に代わる処分を請求することができる。但し、新法施行の日から一年を経過したときは、この限りでない。
suppl-3221-222/art-27/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-27/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-27/par-2
If an agreement is not reached between the parties concerning distribution of the estate under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, or if discussions cannot be held, a party may request a disposition in lieu of discussions from the family affairs tribunal; provided, however, that this does not apply once one year has passed from the date the New Act comes into effect.
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**第三項** 前項の場合には、家事審判所は、相続財産の状態、分配を受ける者の員数及び資力、被相続人の生前行為又は遺言によつて財産の分配を受けたかどうかその他一切の事情を考慮して、分配をさせるべきかどうか並びに分配の額及び方法を定める。
suppl-3221-222/art-27/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-27/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-27/par-3
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the family affairs tribunal determines whether a distribution is to be made and the amount and method of the distribution, in consideration of the condition of the estate, the number and financial resources of the persons receiving the distribution, whether they received property by an act of the decedent during the decedent's lifetime or by will, and all other circumstances.
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### 第二十八条
suppl-3221-222/art-28 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-28 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-28
**第一項** 応急措置法施行の際戸主であつた者が応急措置法施行後に婚姻の取消若しくは離婚又は養子縁組の取消若しくは離縁によつて氏を改めた場合には、配偶者又は養親、若し配偶者又は養親がないときは新法によるその相続人は、その者に対し財産の一部の分配を請求することができる。この場合には、前条第二項及び第三項の規定を準用する。
suppl-3221-222/art-28/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-28/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-28/par-1
If the person who was the head of the household at the time the Emergency Measures Act came into effect changes surname after the Emergency Measures Act came into effect through the cancellation of a marriage or divorce, or the annulment of an adoption or dissolution of the adoptive relationship, the spouse or adoptive parent, or, if there is no spouse or adoptive parent, the heirs thereof under the New Act, may demand from that person distribution of part of the property. In this case, the provisions of paragraphs (2) and (3) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis.
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### 第二十九条
suppl-3221-222/art-29 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-29 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-29
**第一項** 推定の家督相続人又は遺産相続人が旧法第九百七十五条第一項第一号又は第九百九十八条の規定によつて廃除されたときは、新法の適用については、新法第八百九十二条の規定によつて廃除されたものとみなす。
suppl-3221-222/art-29/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-29/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-29/par-1
If a presumptive successor to the headship of a house or presumptive heir to an estate has been disinherited pursuant to the provisions of Article 975, paragraph (1), item (i) or Article 998 of the Former Act, that person is deemed, for the purposes of the application of the New Act, to have been disinherited pursuant to the provisions of Article 892 of the New Act.
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### 第三十条
suppl-3221-222/art-30 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-30 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-30
**第一項** 旧法第九百七十八条（旧法第千条において準用する場合を含む。）の規定によつて遺産の管理についてした処分は、相続が第二十五条第二項本文の規定によつて新法の適用を受ける場合には、これを新法第八百九十五条の規定によつてした処分とみなす。
suppl-3221-222/art-30/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-30/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-30/par-1
A disposition made with respect to the administration of the estate pursuant to the provisions of Article 978 of the Former Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 1000 of the Former Act) is deemed, where the succession is governed by the New Act pursuant to the main clause of Article 25, paragraph (2) of these Supplementary Provisions, to be a disposition made pursuant to the provisions of Article 895 of the New Act.
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### 第三十一条
suppl-3221-222/art-31 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-31 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-31
**第一項** 応急措置法施行前に分家又は廃絶家再興のため贈与された財産は、新法第九百三条の規定の適用については、これを生計の資本として贈与された財産とみなす。
suppl-3221-222/art-31/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-31/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-31/par-1
Property gifted before the Emergency Measures Act came into effect for the establishment of a branch family or the revival of an extinct family is deemed, for the purposes of the application of the provisions of Article 903 of the New Act, to be property gifted as capital for livelihood.
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### 第三十二条
suppl-3221-222/art-32 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-32 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-32
**第一項** 新法第九百六条及び第九百七条の規定は、第二十五条第一項の規定によつて遺産相続に関し旧法を適用する場合にこれを準用する。
suppl-3221-222/art-32/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-32/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-32/par-1
The provisions of Article 906 and Article 907 of the New Act apply mutatis mutandis where the Former Act applies with respect to succession to an estate pursuant to the provisions of Article 25, paragraph (1) of these Supplementary Provisions.
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### 第三十三条
suppl-3221-222/art-33 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-33 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-33
**第一項** 新法施行前に旧法第千七十九条第一項の規定に従つてした遺言で、同条第二項の規定による確認を得ないものについては、新法第九百七十九条第二項及び第三項の規定を準用する。
suppl-3221-222/art-33/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-33/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-33/par-1
With regard to a will made before the New Act came into effect in accordance with the provisions of Article 1079, paragraph (1) of the Former Act, for which confirmation under the provisions of paragraph (2) of that Article has not been obtained, the provisions of Article 979, paragraphs (2) and (3) of the New Act apply mutatis mutandis.
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**第二項** 新法施行前に海軍所属の艦船遭難の場合に旧法第千八十一条において準用する旧法第千七十九条第一項の規定に従つてした遺言で、同条第二項の規定による確認を得ないものについても、前項と同様である。
suppl-3221-222/art-33/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3221-222/art-33/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3221-222/art-33/par-2
The same as in the preceding paragraph applies to a will made before the New Act came into effect, in the event of distress of a vessel belonging to the Navy, in accordance with Article 1079, paragraph (1) of the Former Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 1081 of the Former Act, for which confirmation under the provisions of paragraph (2) of that Article has not been obtained.
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## 附 則 昭和二三年一二月二一日法律第二六〇号
suppl-3231-260 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3231-260 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3231-260
### 第十条
suppl-3231-260/art-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3231-260/art-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3231-260/art-10
**第一項** この法律は、昭和二十四年一月一日から施行する。
suppl-3231-260/art-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3231-260/art-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3231-260/art-10/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of January 1, 1949.
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### 第十九条
suppl-3231-260/art-19 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3231-260/art-19 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3231-260/art-19
**第一項** 民法の一部を改正する法律（昭和二十二年法律第二百二十二号）附則第十四条第二項又は第二十七条第三項（同法附則第二十五条第二項但書、第二十六条第二項及び第二十八条において準用する場合を含む。）の規定によつて家事審判所が行うべき審判は、この法律施行後は、家庭裁判所が行う。
suppl-3231-260/art-19/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3231-260/art-19/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3231-260/art-19/par-1
The adjudications that the family affairs tribunal is to make under the provisions of Article 14, paragraph (2) or Article 27, paragraph (3) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Act Partially Amending the Civil Code (Act No. 222 of 1947) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the proviso to Article 25, paragraph (2), Article 26, paragraph (2) and Article 28 of the Supplementary Provisions of that Act) are, after this Act comes into effect, to be made by the family court.
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## 附 則 昭和二四年五月二八日法律第一一五号
suppl-3241-115 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3241-115 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3241-115
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から施行する。
suppl-3241-115/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3241-115/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3241-115/par-1
This Act comes into effect on the date of promulgation.
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## 附 則 昭和二四年五月三一日法律第一四一号
suppl-3241-141 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3241-141 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3241-141
**第一項** この法律は、昭和二十四年六月一日から施行する。
suppl-3241-141/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3241-141/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3241-141/par-1
This Act comes into effect on June 1, 1949.
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## 附 則 昭和二五年五月一日法律第一二三号
suppl-3251-123 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3251-123 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3251-123
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から施行する。
suppl-3251-123/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3251-123/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3251-123/par-1
This Act comes into effect on the date of promulgation.
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## 附 則 昭和三三年三月一〇日法律第五号
suppl-3331-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3331-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3331-5
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して六月をこえない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。
suppl-3331-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3331-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3331-5/par-1
This Act comes into effect on the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding six months from the date of promulgation.
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## 附 則 昭和三三年四月一五日法律第六二号
suppl-3331-62 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3331-62 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3331-62
**第一項** この法律は、昭和三十四年一月一日から施行する。
suppl-3331-62/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3331-62/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3331-62/par-1
This Act comes into effect on January 1, 1959.
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**第三項** この法律の施行の際現に存する建物その他の構築物については、第三条の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-3331-62/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3331-62/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3331-62/par-3
For buildings and other structures that exist at the time this Act comes into effect, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 3 of this Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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## 附 則 昭和三七年三月二九日法律第四〇号
suppl-3371-40 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3371-40 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3371-40
**第一項** この法律は、昭和三十七年七月一日から施行する。
suppl-3371-40/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3371-40/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3371-40/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of July 1, 1962.
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**第二項** この法律による改正後の民法は、この法律の施行前に生じた事項にも適用する。ただし、従前の民法によつて生じた効力を妨げない。
suppl-3371-40/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3371-40/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3371-40/par-2
The Civil Code as amended by this Act also applies to matters that arose before this Act came into effect; provided, however, that this does not preclude effects that arose under the previous Civil Code.
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## 附 則 昭和三七年四月四日法律第六九号
suppl-3371-69 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3371-69 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3371-69
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-3371-69/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3371-69/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3371-69/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、昭和三十八年四月一日から施行する。
suppl-3371-69/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3371-69/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3371-69/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect on April 1, 1963.
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## 附 則 昭和三八年七月九日法律第一二六号
suppl-3381-126 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3381-126 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3381-126
**第一項** この法律は、商業登記法の施行の日（昭和三十九年四月一日）から施行する。
suppl-3381-126/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3381-126/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3381-126/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date on which the Commercial Registration Act comes into effect (April 1, 1964).
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## 附 則 昭和三九年六月一〇日法律第一〇〇号
suppl-3391-100 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3391-100 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3391-100
**第一項** この法律は、遺言の方式に関する法律の抵触に関する条約が日本国について効力を生ずる日から施行する。
suppl-3391-100/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3391-100/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3391-100/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date on which the Convention on the Conflicts of Laws Relating to the Formalities of Wills takes effect with respect to Japan.
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## 附 則 昭和四一年六月三〇日法律第九三号
suppl-3411-93 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3411-93 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3411-93
**第一項** この法律は、昭和四十一年七月一日から施行する。
suppl-3411-93/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3411-93/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3411-93/par-1
This Act comes into effect on July 1, 1966.
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**第六項** この法律による改正後の規定は、各改正規定の施行前に生じた事項にも適用する。ただし、改正前の規定により生じた効力を妨げない。
suppl-3411-93/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3411-93/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3411-93/par-6
The provisions as amended by this Act also apply to matters that arose before each of the amending provisions came into effect; provided, however, that this does not preclude effects that arose under the provisions before amendment.
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## 附 則 昭和四一年七月一日法律第一一一号
suppl-3411-111 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3411-111 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3411-111
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-3411-111/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3411-111/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3411-111/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して六月をこえない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。
suppl-3411-111/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3411-111/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3411-111/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect on the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding six months from the date of promulgation.
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## 附 則 昭和四六年六月三日法律第九九号
suppl-3461-99 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-3461-99/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、昭和四十七年四月一日から施行する。
suppl-3461-99/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of April 1, 1972.
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### 第二条（経過措置の原則） — Principles of Transitional Measures
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suppl-3461-99/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-2
**第一項** この法律による改正後の民法（以下「新法」という。）の規定は、別段の定めがある場合を除き、この法律の施行の際現に存する抵当権で根抵当であるもの（以下「旧根抵当権」という。）にも適用する。ただし、改正前の民法（以下「旧法」という。）の規定により生じた効力を妨げない。
suppl-3461-99/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-2/par-1
Except where otherwise provided, the provisions of the Civil Code as amended by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the "New Act") also apply to mortgages that exist at the time this Act comes into effect and that are revolving mortgages (hereinafter referred to as "former revolving mortgages"); provided, however, that this does not preclude effects that arose under the provisions of the Civil Code before amendment (hereinafter referred to as the "Former Act").
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### 第三条（新法の適用の制限） — Limitation on Application of the New Act
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suppl-3461-99/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-3
**第一項** 旧根抵当権で、極度額についての定めが新法の規定に適合していないもの又は附記によらない極度額の増額の登記があるものについては、その極度額の変更、新法第三百九十八条の四の規定による担保すべき債権の範囲又は債務者の変更、新法第三百九十八条の十二の規定による根抵当権の譲渡、新法第三百九十八条の十三の規定による根抵当権の一部譲渡及び新法第三百九十八条の十四第一項ただし書の規定による定めは、することができない。
suppl-3461-99/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-3/par-1
With regard to a former revolving mortgage whose provision on the maximum amount does not conform to the provisions of the New Act or for which registration of an increase of the maximum amount has been made otherwise than by annotation, a change of the maximum amount, a change of the scope of the claims to be secured or of the obligor under the provisions of Article 398-4 of the New Act, an assignment of a revolving mortgage under the provisions of Article 398-12 of the New Act, a partial assignment of a revolving mortgage under the provisions of Article 398-13 of the New Act, and a provision under the proviso to Article 398-14, paragraph (1) of the New Act may not be made.
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**第二項** 前項の規定は、同項に規定する旧根抵当権以外の旧根抵当権で、旧法第三百七十五条第一項の規定による処分がされているものについて準用する。ただし、極度額の変更及び新法第三百九十八条の十二第二項の規定による根抵当権の譲渡をすることは、妨げない。
suppl-3461-99/art-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-3/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to a former revolving mortgage other than the former revolving mortgage prescribed in that paragraph for which a disposition has been made under the provisions of Article 375, paragraph (1) of the Former Act; provided, however, that this does not preclude a change of the maximum amount or an assignment of a revolving mortgage under the provisions of Article 398-12, paragraph (2) of the New Act.
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### 第四条（極度額についての定めの変更） — Change of Provision on Maximum Amount
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suppl-3461-99/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-4
**第一項** 旧根抵当権で、極度額についての定めが新法の規定に適合していないものについては、元本の確定前に限り、その定めを変更して新法の規定に適合するものとすることができる。この場合においては、後順位の抵当権者その他の第三者の承諾を得ることを要しない。
suppl-3461-99/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-4/par-1
With regard to a former revolving mortgage whose provision on the maximum amount does not conform to the provisions of the New Act, that provision may be changed, only before the principal is fixed, so as to conform to the provisions of the New Act. In this case, it is not required to obtain the consent of a subordinated mortgagee or any other third party.
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### 第五条（附記によらない極度額の増額の登記がある旧根抵当権の分割） — Division of a Former Revolving Mortgage for Which Registration of an Increase of the Maximum Amount Has Been Made Otherwise Than by Annotation
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suppl-3461-99/art-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-5
**第一項** 附記によらない極度額の増額の登記がある旧根抵当権については、元本の確定前に限り、根抵当権者及び根抵当権設定者の合意により、当該旧根抵当権を分割して増額に係る部分を新法の規定による独立の根抵当権とすることができる。この場合においては、旧根抵当権を目的とする権利は、当該増額に係る部分について消滅する。
suppl-3461-99/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-5/par-1
With regard to a former revolving mortgage for which registration of an increase of the maximum amount has been made otherwise than by annotation, only before the principal is fixed, by agreement between the revolving mortgagee and the mortgagor of the revolving mortgage, the former revolving mortgage may be divided and the portion pertaining to the increase may be made an independent revolving mortgage under the provisions of the New Act. In this case, rights whose object is the former revolving mortgage are extinguished with respect to the portion pertaining to the increase.
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**第二項** 前項の規定による分割をする場合には、増額に係る部分を目的とする権利を有する者その他の利害の関係を有する者の承諾を得なければならない。
suppl-3461-99/art-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-5/par-2
When a division under the preceding paragraph is effected, the approval of the persons holding rights whose object is the portion pertaining to the increase and of other persons having an interest must be obtained.
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### 第六条（元本の確定すべき期日に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning the Date on Which the Principal Is to Be Fixed
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suppl-3461-99/art-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-6
**第一項** この法律の施行の際旧根抵当権について現に存する担保すべき元本の確定すべき時期に関する定め又はその登記は、その定めにより元本が確定することとなる日をもつて新法第三百九十八条の六第一項の期日とする定め又はその登記とみなす。ただし、その定めにより元本が確定することとなる日がこの法律の施行の日から起算して五年を経過する日より後であるときは、当該定め又はその登記は、当該五年を経過する日をもつて同項の期日とする定め又はその登記とみなす。
suppl-3461-99/art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-6/par-1
A provision on the time at which the principal secured is to be fixed, or its registration, that actually exists with respect to a former revolving mortgage when this Act comes into effect is deemed to be a provision or registration that specifies, as the date referred to in Article 398-6, paragraph (1) of the New Act, the day on which the principal is to be fixed pursuant to that provision; provided, however, that if the day on which the principal is to be fixed pursuant to that provision is later than the day on which five years have elapsed from the day this Act comes into effect, that provision or its registration is deemed to be a provision or registration that specifies, as the date referred to in that paragraph, the day on which those five years elapse.
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### 第七条（弁済による代位に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Subrogation by Performance
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suppl-3461-99/art-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-7
**第一項** この法律の施行前から引き続き旧根抵当権の担保すべき債務を弁済するについて正当な利益を有していた者が、この法律の施行後元本の確定前にその債務を弁済した場合における代位に関しては、なお従前の例による。
suppl-3461-99/art-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-7/par-1
With respect to subrogation where a person who has continuously had, from before this Act comes into effect, a legitimate interest in performing an obligation secured by a former revolving mortgage performs that obligation after this Act comes into effect and before the principal is fixed, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第八条（旧根抵当権の処分に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Disposition of Former Revolving Mortgages
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suppl-3461-99/art-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-8
**第一項** この法律の施行前に元本の確定前の旧根抵当権についてされた旧法第三百七十五条第一項の規定による処分に関しては、なお従前の例による。
suppl-3461-99/art-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-8/par-1
With respect to a disposition under Article 375, paragraph (1) of the Former Act that was made before this Act comes into effect in relation to a former revolving mortgage for which the principal has not yet been fixed, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第九条（同一の債権の担保として設定された旧根抵当権の分離） — Separation of Former Revolving Mortgages Created to Secure the Same Claim
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suppl-3461-99/art-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-9
**第一項** 同一の債権の担保として設定された数個の不動産の上の旧根抵当権については、元本の確定前に限り、根抵当権者及び根抵当権設定者の合意により、当該旧根抵当権を一の不動産について他の不動産から分離し、これらの不動産の間に、新法第三百九十二条の規定の適用がないものとすることができる。ただし、後順位の抵当権者その他の利害の関係を有する者の承諾がないときは、この限りでない。
suppl-3461-99/art-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-9/par-1
With respect to a former revolving mortgage on several immovable properties created to secure the same claim, only before the principal is fixed, by agreement between the revolving mortgagee and the mortgagor of the revolving mortgage, that former revolving mortgage may be separated as to one immovable property from the other immovable properties, and the provisions of Article 392 of the New Act may be made not to apply between those immovable properties; provided, however, that this does not apply if the approval of subordinated mortgagees and other persons having an interest has not been obtained.
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**第二項** 前項の規定による分離は、新法第三百九十八条の十六の規定の適用に関しては、根抵当権の設定とみなす。
suppl-3461-99/art-9/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-9/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-9/par-2
A separation under the preceding paragraph is deemed to be the creation of a revolving mortgage with respect to the application of the provisions of Article 398-16 of the New Act.
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### 第十条（元本の確定の時期に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning the Time at Which the Principal Is Fixed
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suppl-3461-99/art-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-10
**第一項** この法律の施行前に、新法第三百九十八条の二十第一項第一号に規定する申立て、同項第二号に規定する差押え、同項第三号に規定する競売手続の開始若しくは差押え又は同項第四号に規定する破産手続開始の決定があつた旧根抵当権で、担保すべき元本が確定していないものについては、この法律の施行の日にこれらの事由が生じたものとみなして、同項の規定を適用する。
suppl-3461-99/art-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-10/par-1
With respect to a former revolving mortgage for which, before this Act comes into effect, there has been a petition prescribed in Article 398-20, paragraph (1), item (i) of the New Act, an attachment prescribed in item (ii) of that paragraph, the commencement of auction procedures or a seizure prescribed in item (iii) of that paragraph, or an order commencing bankruptcy proceeding prescribed in item (iv) of that paragraph, and for which the principal secured has not been fixed, that paragraph applies on the basis that those grounds arose on the day this Act comes into effect.
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### 第十一条（旧根抵当権の消滅請求に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Demands for Extinction of Former Revolving Mortgages
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suppl-3461-99/art-11 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-11 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-11
**第一項** 極度額についての定めが新法の規定に適合していない旧根抵当権については、その優先権の限度額を極度額とみなして、新法第三百九十八条の二十二の規定を適用する。
suppl-3461-99/art-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3461-99/art-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3461-99/art-11/par-1
With respect to a former revolving mortgage for which the provision on the maximum amount does not conform to the provisions of the New Act, the provisions of Article 398-22 of the New Act apply with the limit of the amount of its priority deemed to be the maximum amount.
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## 附 則 昭和五一年六月一五日法律第六六号
suppl-3511-66 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3511-66 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3511-66
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から施行する。
suppl-3511-66/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3511-66/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3511-66/par-1
This Act comes into effect on the date of promulgation.
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**第二項** この法律の施行前三月以内に離婚し、又は婚姻が取り消された場合における第一条の規定による改正後の民法第七百六十七条第二項（同法第七百四十九条及び第七百七十一条において準用する場合を含む。）の規定の適用については、同項中「離婚の日から三箇月以内」とあるのは、「民法等の一部を改正する法律（昭和五十一年法律第六十六号）の施行の日から三箇月以内」とする。
suppl-3511-66/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3511-66/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3511-66/par-2
With respect to the application of Article 767, paragraph (2) of the Civil Code as amended pursuant to the provisions of Article 1 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Articles 749 and 771 of the Civil Code) in the case where a divorce took place or a marriage was cancelled within three months before this Act comes into effect, the phrase "within three months of the day of divorce" in that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "within three months of the date of enforcement of the Act Partially Amending the Civil Code, etc. (Act No. 66 of 1976)".
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## 附 則 昭和五四年三月三〇日法律第五号
suppl-3541-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3541-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3541-5
**第一項** この法律は、民事執行法（昭和五十四年法律第四号）の施行の日（昭和五十五年十月一日）から施行する。
suppl-3541-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3541-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3541-5/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date on which the Civil Enforcement Act (Act No. 4 of 1979) comes into effect (October 1, 1980).
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**第二項** この法律の施行前に申し立てられた民事執行、企業担保権の実行及び破産の事件については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-3541-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3541-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3541-5/par-2
With regard to cases of civil execution, exercise of an enterprise mortgage, and bankruptcy for which a petition was filed before this Act comes into effect, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第三項** 前項の事件に関し執行官が受ける手数料及び支払又は償還を受ける費用の額については、同項の規定にかかわらず、最高裁判所規則の定めるところによる。
suppl-3541-5/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3541-5/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3541-5/par-3
The fees that a court execution officer receives, and the amount of the expenses that a court execution officer is paid or reimbursed, in connection with the cases referred to in the preceding paragraph are as prescribed by the Rules of the Supreme Court, notwithstanding the provisions of that paragraph.
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## 附 則 昭和五四年一二月二〇日法律第六八号
suppl-3541-68 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3541-68 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3541-68
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-3541-68/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3541-68/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3541-68/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して六月を経過した日から施行する。
suppl-3541-68/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3541-68/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3541-68/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the day on which 6 months have elapsed from the date of promulgation.
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### 第二条（法人の設立許可の取消し等に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Cancellation of Permission for Establishment of Juridical Persons, etc.
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suppl-3541-68/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3541-68/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3541-68/art-2
**第一項** この法律による改正後の民法第七十一条及び民法施行法第二十三条第一項の規定は、この法律の施行前に生じた事項にも適用する。ただし、改正前の当該規定によつて生じた効力を妨げない。
suppl-3541-68/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3541-68/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3541-68/art-2/par-1
The provisions of Article 71 of the Civil Code as amended by this Act and of Article 23, paragraph (1) of the Act for Enforcement of the Civil Code also apply to matters that arose before this Act comes into effect; provided, however, that this does not preclude the effect that arose under the provisions before the amendment.
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### 第三条（法人の解散の登記に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Registration of Dissolution of Juridical Persons
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suppl-3541-68/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3541-68/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3541-68/art-3
**第一項** この法律の施行前に主務官庁が設立許可を取り消し、又は解散を命じた法人の解散の登記に関しては、なお従前の例による。
suppl-3541-68/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3541-68/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3541-68/art-3/par-1
With respect to the registration of dissolution of a juridical person for which the competent government agency revoked the permission for establishment or ordered dissolution before this Act comes into effect, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第四条（罰則に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Penal Provisions
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suppl-3541-68/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3541-68/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3541-68/art-4
**第一項** この法律の施行前にした行為及び前条の規定により従前の例によることとされる事項に係るこの法律の施行後にした行為に対する罰則の適用については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-3541-68/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3541-68/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3541-68/art-4/par-1
With respect to the application of penal provisions to acts committed before this Act comes into effect and to acts committed after this Act comes into effect that relate to matters for which the provisions then in force are to continue to govern pursuant to the preceding Article, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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## 附 則 昭和五五年五月一七日法律第五一号
suppl-3551-51 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3551-51 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3551-51
**第一項** この法律は、昭和五十六年一月一日から施行する。
suppl-3551-51/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3551-51/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3551-51/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of January 1, 1981.
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**第二項** この法律の施行前に開始した相続に関しては、なお、第一条の規定による改正前の民法の規定を適用する。
suppl-3551-51/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3551-51/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3551-51/par-2
With respect to inheritance that commenced before this Act comes into effect, the provisions of the Civil Code before its amendment by the provisions of Article 1 continue to apply.
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## 附 則 昭和六二年九月二六日法律第一〇一号
suppl-3621-101 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3621-101 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3621-101
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-3621-101/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3621-101/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3621-101/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、昭和六十三年一月一日から施行する。
suppl-3621-101/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3621-101/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3621-101/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of January 1, 1988.
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### 第二条（民法の一部改正に伴う経過措置の原則） — Principle of Transitional Measures Accompanying the Partial Amendment of the Civil Code
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suppl-3621-101/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3621-101/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3621-101/art-2
**第一項** 改正後の民法（以下「新法」という。）の規定は、次条の規定による場合を除き、この法律の施行前に生じた事項にも適用する。ただし、改正前の民法の規定によつて生じた効力を妨げない。
suppl-3621-101/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3621-101/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3621-101/art-2/par-1
The provisions of the Civil Code after amendment (hereinafter referred to as the "New Act") also apply to matters that arose before this Act comes into effect, except as provided in the provisions of the following Article; provided, however, that this does not impair the effect that has arisen under the provisions of the Civil Code prior to amendment.
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### 第三条（縁組の取消しに関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Annulment of an Adoption
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suppl-3621-101/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3621-101/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3621-101/art-3
**第一項** 新法第八百六条の二及び第八百六条の三の規定は、この法律の施行前にした縁組には適用しない。
suppl-3621-101/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3621-101/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3621-101/art-3/par-1
The provisions of Articles 806-2 and 806-3 of the New Act do not apply to an adoption made before this Act comes into effect.
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### 第四条（離縁等の場合の氏に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Surnames in the Case of Dissolution of Adoptive Relationship, etc.
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suppl-3621-101/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3621-101/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3621-101/art-4
**第一項** この法律の施行前三月以内に離縁をし、又は縁組が取り消された場合における新法第八百十六条第二項（新法第八百八条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定の適用については、新法第八百十六条第二項中「離縁の日から三箇月以内」とあるのは、「民法等の一部を改正する法律（昭和六十二年法律第百一号）の施行の日から三箇月以内」とする。
suppl-3621-101/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-3621-101/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-3621-101/art-4/par-1
In the case where a person dissolves an adoptive relationship, or an adoption is annulled, within three months before this Act comes into effect, with regard to the application of the provisions of Article 816, paragraph (2) of the New Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 808, paragraph (2) of the New Act), the phrase "within three months of the date of its dissolution" in Article 816, paragraph (2) of the New Act is deemed to be replaced with "within three months of the date on which the Act Partially Amending the Civil Code, etc. (Act No. 101 of 1987) comes into effect".
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## 附 則 平成元年六月二八日法律第二七号
suppl-4011-27 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4011-27 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4011-27
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して一年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。
suppl-4011-27/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4011-27/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4011-27/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding 1 year from the date of promulgation.
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## 附 則 平成元年一二月二二日法律第九一号
suppl-4011-91 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4011-91 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4011-91
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-4011-91/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4011-91/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4011-91/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して二年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。
suppl-4011-91/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4011-91/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4011-91/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding 2 years from the date of promulgation.
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## 附 則 平成三年五月二一日法律第七九号
suppl-4031-79 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4031-79 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4031-79
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-4031-79/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4031-79/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4031-79/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から施行する。ただし、次の各号に掲げる規定は、それぞれ当該各号に定める日から施行する。
suppl-4031-79/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4031-79/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4031-79/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect on the date of promulgation; provided, however, that the provisions set forth in the following items come into effect on the dates specified respectively in those items:
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**一から四まで** 略
suppl-4031-79/art-1/par-1/item-1-to-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4031-79/art-1/par-1/item-1-to-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4031-79/art-1/par-1/item-1-to-4
Omitted
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**五** 第六条から第二十一条まで、第二十五条及び第三十四条並びに附則第八条から第十三条までの規定 公布の日から起算して一年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日
suppl-4031-79/art-1/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4031-79/art-1/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4031-79/art-1/par-1/item-5
the provisions of Articles 6 through 21, 25 and 34, and Articles 8 through 13 of the Supplementary Provisions: the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding one year from the date of promulgation
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### 第六条（その他の処分、申請等に係る経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Other Dispositions, Applications, etc.
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suppl-4031-79/art-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4031-79/art-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4031-79/art-6
**第一項** この法律（附則第一条各号に掲げる規定については、当該各規定。以下この条及び次条において同じ。）の施行前に改正前のそれぞれの法律の規定によりされた許可等の処分その他の行為（以下この条において「処分等の行為」という。）又はこの法律の施行の際現に改正前のそれぞれの法律の規定によりされている許可等の申請その他の行為（以下この条において「申請等の行為」という。）でこの法律の施行の日においてこれらの行為に係る行政事務を行うべき者が異なることとなるものは、附則第二条から前条までの規定又は改正後のそれぞれの法律（これに基づく命令を含む。）の経過措置に関する規定に定めるものを除き、この法律の施行の日以後における改正後のそれぞれの法律の適用については、改正後のそれぞれの法律の相当規定によりされた処分等の行為又は申請等の行為とみなす。
suppl-4031-79/art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4031-79/art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4031-79/art-6/par-1
A disposition such as a permission or other act carried out before this Act (or, for the provisions set forth in the items of Article 1 of the Supplementary Provisions, those respective provisions; the same applies hereinafter in this Article and in the following Article) comes into effect pursuant to the provisions of the respective Acts prior to amendment (hereinafter referred to in this Article as a "disposition or other act"), or an application for a permission or other act actually made pursuant to the provisions of the respective Acts prior to amendment at the time this Act comes into effect (hereinafter referred to in this Article as an "application or other act"), for which the person who is to carry out the administrative affairs pertaining to that act will differ as of the date on which this Act comes into effect, is, except as provided for in the provisions of Article 2 through the preceding Article of the Supplementary Provisions or in the provisions concerning transitional measures of the respective Acts after amendment (including orders based on them), deemed to be a disposition or other act or an application or other act carried out pursuant to the corresponding provisions of the respective Acts after amendment, with regard to the application of the respective Acts after amendment on or after the date on which this Act comes into effect.
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### 第七条（罰則に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Penal Provisions
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suppl-4031-79/art-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4031-79/art-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4031-79/art-7
**第一項** この法律の施行前にした行為及び附則第二条第一項の規定により従前の例によることとされる場合における第四条の規定の施行後にした行為に対する罰則の適用については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4031-79/art-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4031-79/art-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4031-79/art-7/par-1
With regard to the application of penal provisions to acts committed before this Act comes into effect and to acts committed after the provisions of Article 4 come into effect in the cases where the provisions then in force continue to govern pursuant to the provisions of Article 2, paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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## 附 則 平成八年六月二六日法律第一一〇号
suppl-4081-110 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4081-110 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4081-110
**第一項** この法律は、新民訴法の施行の日から施行する。
suppl-4081-110/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4081-110/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4081-110/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date on which the new Code of Civil Procedure comes into effect.
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## 附 則 平成一一年七月一六日法律第八七号
suppl-4111-87 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-4111-87/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、平成十二年四月一日から施行する。ただし、次の各号に掲げる規定は、当該各号に定める日から施行する。
suppl-4111-87/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of April 1, 2000; provided, however, that the provisions set forth in the following items come into effect as of the day specified in the relevant item.
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**一** 第一条中地方自治法第二百五十条の次に五条、節名並びに二款及び款名を加える改正規定（同法第二百五十条の九第一項に係る部分（両議院の同意を得ることに係る部分に限る。）に限る。）、第四十条中自然公園法附則第九項及び第十項の改正規定（同法附則第十項に係る部分に限る。）、第二百四十四条の規定（農業改良助長法第十四条の三の改正規定に係る部分を除く。）並びに第四百七十二条の規定（市町村の合併の特例に関する法律第六条、第八条及び第十七条の改正規定に係る部分を除く。）並びに附則第七条、第十条、第十二条、第五十九条ただし書、第六十条第四項及び第五項、第七十三条、第七十七条、第百五十七条第四項から第六項まで、第百六十条、第百六十三条、第百六十四条並びに第二百二条の規定 公布の日
suppl-4111-87/art-1/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-1/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-1/par-1/item-1
The provisions of Article 1 amending the Local Autonomy Act by adding five Articles, a Section title, and two Subsections and Subsection titles after Article 250 of that Act (limited to the part pertaining to Article 250-9, paragraph (1) of that Act (limited to the part pertaining to obtaining the consent of both Houses)), the provisions of Article 40 amending paragraphs (9) and (10) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Parks Act (limited to the part pertaining to paragraph (10) of the Supplementary Provisions of that Act), the provisions of Article 244 (excluding the part pertaining to the provisions amending Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement Promotion Act) and the provisions of Article 472 (excluding the part pertaining to the provisions amending Articles 6, 8 and 17 of the Act on Special Provisions Concerning the Merger of Municipalities), and the provisions of Articles 7, 10 and 12, the proviso to Article 59, Article 60, paragraphs (4) and (5), Articles 73 and 77, Article 157, paragraphs (4) through (6), and Articles 160, 163, 164 and 202 of the Supplementary Provisions: the date of promulgation
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### 第五十一条（事務の区分に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Classification of Affairs
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suppl-4111-87/art-51 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-51 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-51
**第一項** 第九十三条の規定による改正後の民法第八十三条ノ三第一項及び第九十四条の規定による改正後の民法施行法第二十三条第四項前段の各規定により都道府県が処理することとされる事務は、施行日から起算して二年間は、新地方自治法第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
suppl-4111-87/art-51/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-51/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-51/par-1
The affairs that are to be handled by prefectures under each of the provisions of Article 83-3, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code as amended by the provisions of Article 93 and the first sentence of Article 23, paragraph (4) of the Act for Enforcement of the Civil Code as amended by the provisions of Article 94 are, for two years counted from the effective date, to be Type 1 statutory entrusted affairs prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (9), item (i) of the new Local Autonomy Act.
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### 第百五十九条（国等の事務） — Affairs of the State, Etc.
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suppl-4111-87/art-159 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-159 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-159
**第一項** この法律による改正前のそれぞれの法律に規定するもののほか、この法律の施行前において、地方公共団体の機関が法律又はこれに基づく政令により管理し又は執行する国、他の地方公共団体その他公共団体の事務（附則第百六十一条において「国等の事務」という。）は、この法律の施行後は、地方公共団体が法律又はこれに基づく政令により当該地方公共団体の事務として処理するものとする。
suppl-4111-87/art-159/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-159/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-159/par-1
Beyond what is provided for in the respective Acts prior to amendment by this Act, the affairs of the State, other local governments or other public entities that, before this Act comes into effect, an organ of a local government managed or executed pursuant to an Act or a Cabinet Order based on it (referred to as "affairs of the State, etc." in Article 161 of the Supplementary Provisions) are, after this Act comes into effect, to be handled by the local government as affairs of that local government pursuant to an Act or a Cabinet Order based on it.
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### 第百六十条（処分、申請等に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Dispositions, Applications, Etc.
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suppl-4111-87/art-160 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-160 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-160
**第一項** この法律（附則第一条各号に掲げる規定については、当該各規定。以下この条及び附則第百六十三条において同じ。）の施行前に改正前のそれぞれの法律の規定によりされた許可等の処分その他の行為（以下この条において「処分等の行為」という。）又はこの法律の施行の際現に改正前のそれぞれの法律の規定によりされている許可等の申請その他の行為（以下この条において「申請等の行為」という。）で、この法律の施行の日においてこれらの行為に係る行政事務を行うべき者が異なることとなるものは、附則第二条から前条までの規定又は改正後のそれぞれの法律（これに基づく命令を含む。）の経過措置に関する規定に定めるものを除き、この法律の施行の日以後における改正後のそれぞれの法律の適用については、改正後のそれぞれの法律の相当規定によりされた処分等の行為又は申請等の行為とみなす。
suppl-4111-87/art-160/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-160/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-160/par-1
A disposition such as a permission or other act carried out before this Act (or, for the provisions set forth in the items of Article 1 of the Supplementary Provisions, those respective provisions; the same applies hereinafter in this Article and in Article 163 of the Supplementary Provisions) comes into effect pursuant to the provisions of the respective Acts prior to amendment (hereinafter referred to in this Article as a "disposition or other act"), or an application for a permission or other act actually made pursuant to the provisions of the respective Acts prior to amendment at the time this Act comes into effect (hereinafter referred to in this Article as an "application or other act"), for which the person who is to carry out the administrative affairs pertaining to that act will differ as of the date on which this Act comes into effect, is, except as provided for in the provisions of Article 2 through the preceding Article of the Supplementary Provisions or in the provisions concerning transitional measures of the respective Acts after amendment (including orders based on them), deemed to be a disposition or other act or an application or other act carried out pursuant to the corresponding provisions of the respective Acts after amendment, with regard to the application of the respective Acts after amendment on or after the date on which this Act comes into effect.
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**第二項** この法律の施行前に改正前のそれぞれの法律の規定により国又は地方公共団体の機関に対し報告、届出、提出その他の手続をしなければならない事項で、この法律の施行の日前にその手続がされていないものについては、この法律及びこれに基づく政令に別段の定めがあるもののほか、これを、改正後のそれぞれの法律の相当規定により国又は地方公共団体の相当の機関に対して報告、届出、提出その他の手続をしなければならない事項についてその手続がされていないものとみなして、この法律による改正後のそれぞれの法律の規定を適用する。
suppl-4111-87/art-160/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-160/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-160/par-2
With regard to matters for which, before this Act comes into effect, a report, notification, submission or other procedure had to be made to an organ of the State or of a local government pursuant to the provisions of the respective Acts prior to amendment and for which that procedure has not been carried out before the date on which this Act comes into effect, except as otherwise provided for in this Act or a Cabinet Order based on it, the provisions of the respective Acts as amended by this Act apply by deeming those matters to be matters for which a report, notification, submission or other procedure must be made to the corresponding organ of the State or of a local government pursuant to the corresponding provisions of the respective Acts after amendment and for which that procedure has not been carried out.
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### 第百六十一条（不服申立てに関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Appeals
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suppl-4111-87/art-161 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-161 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-161
**第一項** 施行日前にされた国等の事務に係る処分であって、当該処分をした行政庁（以下この条において「処分庁」という。）に施行日前に行政不服審査法に規定する上級行政庁（以下この条において「上級行政庁」という。）があったものについての同法による不服申立てについては、施行日以後においても、当該処分庁に引き続き上級行政庁があるものとみなして、行政不服審査法の規定を適用する。この場合において、当該処分庁の上級行政庁とみなされる行政庁は、施行日前に当該処分庁の上級行政庁であった行政庁とする。
suppl-4111-87/art-161/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-161/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-161/par-1
With regard to an appeal under the Administrative Complaint Review Act against a disposition pertaining to affairs of the State, etc. that was made before the effective date and for which the administrative agency that made the disposition (hereinafter referred to in this Article as "the agency that made the disposition") had, before the effective date, a higher administrative agency prescribed in that Act (hereinafter referred to in this Article as a "higher administrative agency"), the provisions of the Administrative Complaint Review Act apply by deeming the agency that made the disposition to continue to have a higher administrative agency even on or after the effective date. In this case, the administrative agency deemed to be the higher administrative agency of the agency that made the disposition is the administrative agency that was the higher administrative agency of that agency before the effective date.
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**第二項** 前項の場合において、上級行政庁とみなされる行政庁が地方公共団体の機関であるときは、当該機関が行政不服審査法の規定により処理することとされる事務は、新地方自治法第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
suppl-4111-87/art-161/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-161/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-161/par-2
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the administrative agency deemed to be the higher administrative agency is an organ of a local government, the affairs that the organ is to handle pursuant to the provisions of the Administrative Complaint Review Act are Type 1 statutory entrusted affairs prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (9), item (i) of the new Local Autonomy Act.
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### 第百六十二条（手数料に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Fees
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suppl-4111-87/art-162 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-162 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-162
**第一項** 施行日前においてこの法律による改正前のそれぞれの法律（これに基づく命令を含む。）の規定により納付すべきであった手数料については、この法律及びこれに基づく政令に別段の定めがあるもののほか、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4111-87/art-162/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-162/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-162/par-1
The provisions then in force continue to govern fees that were to be paid before the Effective Date pursuant to the provisions of the respective Acts prior to amendment by this Act (including orders based on them), except as otherwise provided for in this Act or a Cabinet Order based on it.
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### 第百六十三条（罰則に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Penal Provisions
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suppl-4111-87/art-163 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-163 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-163
**第一項** この法律の施行前にした行為に対する罰則の適用については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4111-87/art-163/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-163/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-163/par-1
With regard to the application of penal provisions to acts committed before this Act comes into effect, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第百六十四条（その他の経過措置の政令への委任） — Delegation of Other Transitional Measures to Cabinet Order
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suppl-4111-87/art-164 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-164 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-164
**第一項** この附則に規定するもののほか、この法律の施行に伴い必要な経過措置（罰則に関する経過措置を含む。）は、政令で定める。
suppl-4111-87/art-164/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-164/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-164/par-1
Beyond what is provided for in these Supplementary Provisions, transitional measures necessary in connection with the enforcement of this Act (including transitional measures concerning penal provisions) are specified by Cabinet Order.
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**第二項** 附則第十八条、第五十一条及び第百八十四条の規定の適用に関して必要な事項は、政令で定める。
suppl-4111-87/art-164/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-164/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-164/par-2
Necessary matters concerning the application of the provisions of Articles 18, 51 and 184 of the Supplementary Provisions are specified by Cabinet Order.
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### 第二百五十条（検討） — Review
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suppl-4111-87/art-250 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-250 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-250
**第一項** 新地方自治法第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務については、できる限り新たに設けることのないようにするとともに、新地方自治法別表第一に掲げるもの及び新地方自治法に基づく政令に示すものについては、地方分権を推進する観点から検討を加え、適宜、適切な見直しを行うものとする。
suppl-4111-87/art-250/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-250/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-250/par-1
With regard to Type 1 statutory entrusted affairs prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (9), item (i) of the new Local Autonomy Act, care is to be taken to avoid establishing new ones as far as possible, and those set forth in Appended Table 1 of the new Local Autonomy Act and those indicated in Cabinet Orders based on the new Local Autonomy Act are to be reviewed from the standpoint of promoting decentralization and appropriately revised as needed.
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### 第二百五十一条
suppl-4111-87/art-251 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-251 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-251
**第一項** 政府は、地方公共団体が事務及び事業を自主的かつ自立的に執行できるよう、国と地方公共団体との役割分担に応じた地方税財源の充実確保の方途について、経済情勢の推移等を勘案しつつ検討し、その結果に基づいて必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
suppl-4111-87/art-251/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-87/art-251/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-87/art-251/par-1
The government is to consider ways of enhancing and securing local tax revenue sources in accordance with the division of roles between the State and local governments so that local governments are able to carry out their affairs and business autonomously and independently, while taking into consideration changes in economic conditions and other circumstances, and is to take necessary measures based on the results of that consideration.
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## 附 則 平成一一年一二月八日法律第一四九号
suppl-4111-149 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-149 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-149
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-4111-149/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-149/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-149/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、平成十二年四月一日から施行する。ただし、第九百六十九条、第九百七十二条、第九百七十六条及び第九百七十九条の改正規定、第九百六十九条の次に一条を加える改正規定並びに次条の規定は、公布の日から起算して一月を経過した日から施行する。
suppl-4111-149/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-149/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-149/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of April 1, 2000; provided, however, that the provisions amending Articles 969, 972, 976 and 979, the provisions adding one Article after Article 969, and the provisions of the following Article come into effect as of the day on which one month has elapsed from the date of promulgation.
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### 第二条（民法の一部改正に伴う経過措置の原則） — Principle of Transitional Measures Accompanying the Partial Amendment of the Civil Code
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suppl-4111-149/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-149/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-149/art-2
**第一項** この法律による改正後の民法（次条において「新法」という。）の規定は、次条第三項の規定による場合を除き、当該改正規定の施行前に生じた事項にも適用する。ただし、改正前の民法（次条において「旧法」という。）の規定によって生じた効力を妨げない。
suppl-4111-149/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-149/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-149/art-2/par-1
The provisions of the Civil Code as amended by this Act (referred to as the "New Act" in the following Article) also apply to matters that arose before the date on which the relevant amending provisions come into effect, except in the case provided for in paragraph (3) of the following Article; provided, however, that this does not preclude the effect that arose under the provisions of the Civil Code before amendment (referred to as the "Former Act" in the following Article).
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### 第三条（禁治産及び準禁治産の宣告等に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Declarations of Interdiction and Quasi-Interdiction, etc.
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suppl-4111-149/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-149/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-149/art-3
**第一項** 旧法の規定による禁治産の宣告は新法の規定による後見開始の審判と、当該禁治産の宣告を受けた禁治産者並びにその後見人及び後見監督人は当該後見開始の審判を受けた成年被後見人並びにその成年後見人及び成年後見監督人とみなす。
suppl-4111-149/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-149/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-149/art-3/par-1
A declaration of interdiction under the provisions of the Former Act is deemed to be a decision for commencement of guardianship under the provisions of the New Act, and the interdicted person who received that declaration of interdiction and that person's guardian and guardian's supervisor are deemed to be the adult ward who received that decision for commencement of guardianship and that person's adult guardian and supervisor for the guardian of an adult.
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**第二項** 旧法の規定による心神耗弱を原因とする準禁治産の宣告は新法の規定による保佐開始の審判と、当該準禁治産の宣告を受けた準禁治産者及びその保佐人は当該保佐開始の審判を受けた被保佐人及びその保佐人とみなす。
suppl-4111-149/art-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-149/art-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-149/art-3/par-2
A declaration of quasi-interdiction under the provisions of the Former Act on the ground of diminished mental capacity is deemed to be a decision for commencement of curatorship under the provisions of the New Act, and the quasi-interdicted person who received that declaration of quasi-interdiction and that person's curator are deemed to be the person under curatorship who received that decision for commencement of curatorship and that person's curator.
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**第三項** 前項に規定する準禁治産者以外の準禁治産者及びその保佐人に関する民法の規定の適用については、第八百四十六条、第九百七十四条及び第千九条の改正規定を除き、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4111-149/art-3/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-149/art-3/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-149/art-3/par-3
With respect to the application of the provisions of the Civil Code to quasi-interdicted persons other than the quasi-interdicted persons prescribed in the preceding paragraph and their curators, the provisions then in force continue to govern, except for the provisions amending Articles 846, 974 and 1009.
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**第四項** 旧法の規定による禁治産又は準禁治産の宣告の請求（この法律の施行前に当該請求に係る審判が確定したものを除く。）は、新法の規定による後見開始又は保佐開始の審判の請求とみなす。
suppl-4111-149/art-3/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-149/art-3/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-149/art-3/par-4
A petition for a declaration of interdiction or quasi-interdiction under the provisions of the Former Act (excluding one for which the adjudication pertaining to that petition became final before this Act comes into effect) is deemed to be a petition for a decision for commencement of guardianship or for commencement of curatorship under the provisions of the New Act.
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## 附 則 平成一一年一二月二二日法律第二二五号
suppl-4111-225 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-225 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-225
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-4111-225/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-225/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-225/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して六月を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。
suppl-4111-225/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-225/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-225/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the day specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding six months from the date of promulgation.
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### 第二十五条（民法等の一部改正に伴う経過措置） — Transitional Measures Accompanying the Partial Amendment of the Civil Code, etc.
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suppl-4111-225/art-25 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-225/art-25 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-225/art-25
**第一項** この法律の施行前に和議開始の申立てがあった場合又は当該申立てに基づきこの法律の施行前若しくは施行後に和議開始の決定があった場合においては、当該申立て又は決定に係る次の各号に掲げる法律の規定に定める事項に関する取扱いについては、この法律の附則の規定による改正後のこれらの規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4111-225/art-25/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-225/art-25/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-225/art-25/par-1
In the case where a petition for commencement of composition proceedings was filed before this Act comes into effect, or where an order commencing composition proceedings was made before or after this Act comes into effect based on that petition, with regard to the treatment of the matters prescribed in the provisions of the Acts listed in the following items pertaining to that petition or order, the provisions then in force continue to govern, notwithstanding those provisions as amended by the provisions of the Supplementary Provisions of this Act:
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**一** 民法第三百九十八条ノ三第二項
suppl-4111-225/art-25/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-225/art-25/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-225/art-25/par-1/item-1
Article 398-3, paragraph (2) of the Civil Code.
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### 第二十六条（罰則の適用に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning the Application of Penal Provisions
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suppl-4111-225/art-26 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-225/art-26 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-225/art-26
**第一項** この法律の施行前にした行為及びこの法律の附則において従前の例によることとされる場合におけるこの法律の施行後にした行為に対する罰則の適用については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4111-225/art-26/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4111-225/art-26/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4111-225/art-26/par-1
With regard to the application of penal provisions to acts committed before this Act comes into effect and to acts committed after this Act comes into effect in the cases where the provisions then in force continue to govern pursuant to the Supplementary Provisions of this Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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## 附 則 平成一二年五月三一日法律第九一号
suppl-4121-91 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4121-91 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4121-91
**第一項** この法律は、商法等の一部を改正する法律（平成十二年法律第九十号）の施行の日から施行する。
suppl-4121-91/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4121-91/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4121-91/par-1
This Act comes into effect on the day on which the Act Partially Amending the Commercial Code, etc. (Act No. 90 of 2000) comes into effect.
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## 附 則 平成一三年六月八日法律第四一号
suppl-4131-41 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4131-41 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4131-41
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-4131-41/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4131-41/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4131-41/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、平成十四年四月一日から施行する。
suppl-4131-41/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4131-41/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4131-41/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect on April 1, 2002.
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## 附 則 平成一四年二月八日法律第一号
suppl-4141-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4141-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4141-1
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-4141-1/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4141-1/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4141-1/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から施行する。
suppl-4141-1/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4141-1/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4141-1/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect on the date of promulgation.
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## 附 則 平成一五年七月一六日法律第一〇九号
suppl-4151-109 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-109 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-109
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-4151-109/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-109/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-109/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して一年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。
suppl-4151-109/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-109/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-109/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding 1 year from the date of promulgation.
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### 第十三条（民法の一部改正に伴う経過措置） — Transitional Measures Accompanying the Partial Amendment of the Civil Code
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suppl-4151-109/art-13 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-109/art-13 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-109/art-13
**第一項** 前条の規定の施行前にされた婚姻の取消し及び養子縁組の取消しの請求については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4151-109/art-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-109/art-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-109/art-13/par-1
With respect to demands for cancellation of a marriage and cancellation of an adoption made before the provisions of the preceding Article come into effect, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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## 附 則 平成一五年八月一日法律第一三四号
suppl-4151-134 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-134 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-134
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-4151-134/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-134/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-134/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して一年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。
suppl-4151-134/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-134/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-134/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding 1 year from the date of promulgation.
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### 第二条（雇用関係の先取特権に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Statutory Liens for Employment Relationships
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suppl-4151-134/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-134/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-134/art-2
**第一項** 第一条の規定による改正後の民法第三百六条第二号及び第三百八条の規定は、この法律の施行の日（以下「施行日」という。）以後に同号に掲げる原因により生じた債権及び同条の雇用関係に基づいて生じた債権に係る先取特権について適用し、施行日前に第一条の規定による改正前の民法（以下「旧民法」という。）第三百六条第二号に掲げる原因により生じた債権及び旧民法第三百八条の雇人給料（債務者の雇人が受けるべき最後の六箇月間の給料に限る。）として生じた債権に係る先取特権については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4151-134/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-134/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-134/art-2/par-1
The provisions of Article 306, item (ii) and Article 308 of the Civil Code as amended pursuant to the provisions of Article 1 apply to statutory liens pertaining to claims that arose, on or after the day this Act comes into effect (hereinafter referred to as the "Effective Date"), from the cause listed in that item and claims that arose based on the employer-employee relationship referred to in that Article, and the provisions then in force continue to govern statutory liens pertaining to claims that arose, before the Effective Date, from the cause listed in Article 306, item (ii) of the Civil Code before amendment pursuant to the provisions of Article 1 (hereinafter referred to as the "Former Civil Code") and claims that arose as wages of employees under Article 308 of the Former Civil Code (limited to wages for the most recent six months that the obligor's employees are entitled to receive).
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### 第三条（債権質の効力の発生に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning the Arising of the Effect of Pledges of Claims
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suppl-4151-134/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-134/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-134/art-3
**第一項** 施行日前に債権をもってその目的とする質権の設定をする契約をした場合における当該質権の効力の発生については、第一条の規定による改正後の民法第三百六十三条の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4151-134/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-134/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-134/art-3/par-1
With respect to the arising of the effect of a pledge in the case where a contract for the creation of a pledge whose object is a claim was made before the Effective Date, the provisions then in force continue to govern, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 363 of the Civil Code as amended pursuant to the provisions of Article 1.
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### 第四条（滌除及び増価競売に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Redemption and Auction for Increased Price
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suppl-4151-134/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-134/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-134/art-4
**第一項** 施行日前に旧民法第三百八十三条の書面が同条に規定する債権者の全員に到達した場合における当該抵当不動産についての旧民法第三百七十八条の規定による滌除及び旧民法第三百八十四条に規定する増価競売については、第一条の規定による改正後の民法及び第三条の規定による改正後の民事執行法の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4151-134/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-134/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-134/art-4/par-1
In the case where the document referred to in Article 383 of the Former Civil Code reached all of the obligees prescribed in that Article before the Effective Date, with respect to redemption under Article 378 of the Former Civil Code and the auction for increased price prescribed in Article 384 of the Former Civil Code concerning the mortgaged immovables, the provisions then in force continue to govern, notwithstanding the provisions of the Civil Code as amended pursuant to the provisions of Article 1 and the Civil Enforcement Act as amended pursuant to the provisions of Article 3.
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### 第五条（短期賃貸借に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Short-Term Leases
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suppl-4151-134/art-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-134/art-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-134/art-5
**第一項** この法律の施行の際現に存する抵当不動産の賃貸借（この法律の施行後に更新されたものを含む。）のうち民法第六百二条に定める期間を超えないものであって当該抵当不動産の抵当権の登記後に対抗要件を備えたものに対する抵当権の効力については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4151-134/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-134/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-134/art-5/par-1
With respect to the effect of a mortgage on a lease of mortgaged immovables that actually exists when this Act comes into effect (including one renewed after this Act comes into effect) that does not exceed the period prescribed in Article 602 of the Civil Code and for which the requirement for perfection was satisfied after the registration of the mortgage on those mortgaged immovables, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第六条（根抵当権の元本の確定に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Fixing of the Principal of Revolving Mortgages
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suppl-4151-134/art-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-134/art-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-134/art-6
**第一項** 施行日前に旧民法第三百九十八条ノ二十第一項第一号に掲げる場合に該当して同項の規定により確定した根抵当権の担保すべき元本については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4151-134/art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-134/art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-134/art-6/par-1
With respect to the principal secured by a revolving mortgage that was fixed pursuant to Article 398-20, paragraph (1) of the Former Civil Code before the Effective Date by falling under the case listed in item (i) of that paragraph, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第十四条（罰則の適用に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning the Application of Penal Provisions
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suppl-4151-134/art-14 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-134/art-14 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-134/art-14
**第一項** 施行日前にした行為に対する罰則の適用については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4151-134/art-14/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-134/art-14/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-134/art-14/par-1
The provisions then in force continue to govern the application of penal provisions to acts committed before the Effective Date.
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### 第十五条（外国人の抵当権に関する法律等の廃止） — Repeal of the Act on Mortgages of Foreign Nationals, etc.
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suppl-4151-134/art-15 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-134/art-15 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-134/art-15
**第一項** 次に掲げる法律は、廃止する。
suppl-4151-134/art-15/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-134/art-15/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-134/art-15/par-1
The following Acts are repealed:
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**一** 外国人の抵当権に関する法律（明治三十二年法律第六十七号）
suppl-4151-134/art-15/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-134/art-15/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-134/art-15/par-1/item-1
Act on Mortgages of Foreign Nationals (Act No. 67 of 1899);
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**二** 金融機関等が有する根抵当権により担保される債権の譲渡の円滑化のための臨時措置に関する法律（平成十年法律第百二十七号）
suppl-4151-134/art-15/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-134/art-15/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-134/art-15/par-1/item-2
Act on Temporary Measures for Facilitating the Assignment of Claims Secured by Revolving Mortgages Held by Financial Institutions, etc. (Act No. 127 of 1998).
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## 附 則 平成一五年八月一日法律第一三八号
suppl-4151-138 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-138 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-138
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-4151-138/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-138/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-138/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して九月を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。
suppl-4151-138/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-138/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-138/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding 9 months from the date of promulgation.
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### 第十四条（罰則の適用に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning the Application of Penal Provisions
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suppl-4151-138/art-14 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-138/art-14 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-138/art-14
**第一項** この法律の施行前にした行為及び附則第五条の規定によりなお従前の例によることとされる場合におけるこの法律の施行後にした行為に対する罰則の適用については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4151-138/art-14/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4151-138/art-14/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4151-138/art-14/par-1
With regard to the application of penal provisions to acts committed before this Act comes into effect and to acts committed after this Act comes into effect in the cases where the provisions then in force continue to govern pursuant to the provision of Article 5 of the Supplementary Provisions, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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## 附 則 平成一六年六月二日法律第七六号
suppl-4161-76 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-76 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-76
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-4161-76/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-76/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-76/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、破産法（平成十六年法律第七十五号。次条第八項並びに附則第三条第八項、第五条第八項、第十六項及び第二十一項、第八条第三項並びに第十三条において「新破産法」という。）の施行の日から施行する。
suppl-4161-76/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-76/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-76/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date on which the Bankruptcy Act (Act No. 75 of 2004; referred to as "the new Bankruptcy Act" in paragraph (8) of the following Article and in Article 3, paragraph (8), Article 5, paragraphs (8), (16) and (21), Article 8, paragraph (3), and Article 13 of the Supplementary Provisions) comes into effect.
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### 第七条（民法の一部改正に伴う経過措置） — Transitional Measures Accompanying the Partial Amendment of the Civil Code
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suppl-4161-76/art-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-76/art-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-76/art-7
**第一項** 施行日前にされた破産の申立て又は施行日前に職権でされた破産の宣告に係る破産事件については、第六条の規定による改正後の民法第二百七十六条、第六百二十一条及び第六百四十二条第二項の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4161-76/art-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-76/art-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-76/art-7/par-1
With respect to a bankruptcy case pertaining to a petition for bankruptcy filed before the Effective Date or a declaration of bankruptcy made sua sponte before the Effective Date, the provisions then in force continue to govern, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 276, 621 and 642, paragraph (2) of the Civil Code as amended pursuant to the provisions of Article 6.
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### 第十二条（罰則の適用等に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Application of Penal Provisions and Other Matters
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suppl-4161-76/art-12 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-76/art-12 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-76/art-12
**第一項** 施行日前にした行為並びに附則第二条第一項、第三条第一項、第四条、第五条第一項、第九項、第十七項、第十九項及び第二十一項並びに第六条第一項及び第三項の規定によりなお従前の例によることとされる場合における施行日以後にした行為に対する罰則の適用については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4161-76/art-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-76/art-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-76/art-12/par-1
With regard to the application of penal provisions to acts committed before the Effective Date and to acts committed on or after the Effective Date in the cases where the provisions then in force continue to govern pursuant to the provisions of Article 2, paragraph (1), Article 3, paragraph (1), Article 4, Article 5, paragraphs (1), (9), (17), (19) and (21), and Article 6, paragraphs (1) and (3) of the Supplementary Provisions, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第十四条（政令への委任） — Delegation to Cabinet Order
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suppl-4161-76/art-14 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-76/art-14 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-76/art-14
**第一項** 附則第二条から前条までに規定するもののほか、この法律の施行に関し必要な経過措置は、政令で定める。
suppl-4161-76/art-14/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-76/art-14/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-76/art-14/par-1
Beyond what is provided for in Article 2 through the preceding Article of the Supplementary Provisions, the transitional measures necessary for the enforcement of this Act are specified by Cabinet Order.
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## 附 則 平成一六年六月一八日法律第一二四号
suppl-4161-124 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-124 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-124
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-4161-124/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-124/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-124/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、新不動産登記法の施行の日から施行する。
suppl-4161-124/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-124/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-124/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect on the date on which the new Real Property Registration Act comes into effect.
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## 附 則 平成一六年一二月一日法律第一四七号
suppl-4161-147 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-147 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-147
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-4161-147/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-147/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-147/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して六月を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。
suppl-4161-147/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-147/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-147/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the day specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding six months from the date of promulgation.
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### 第二条（経過措置の原則） — Principles of Transitional Measures
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suppl-4161-147/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-147/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-147/art-2
**第一項** この法律による改正後の民法（以下「新法」という。）の規定は、次条及び附則第四条（第三項及び第五項を除く。）の規定による場合を除き、この法律の施行前に生じた事項にも適用する。ただし、この法律による改正前の民法の規定によって生じた効力を妨げない。
suppl-4161-147/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-147/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-147/art-2/par-1
The provisions of the Civil Code as amended by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the "New Act") also apply to matters that arose before this Act comes into effect, except in the cases provided for in the following Article and Article 4 of the Supplementary Provisions (excluding paragraphs (3) and (5)); provided, however, that this does not preclude the effect that arose under the provisions of the Civil Code before amendment by this Act.
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### 第三条（保証契約の方式に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning the Form of Guarantee Contracts
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suppl-4161-147/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-147/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-147/art-3
**第一項** 新法第四百四十六条第二項及び第三項の規定は、この法律の施行前に締結された保証契約については、適用しない。
suppl-4161-147/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-147/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-147/art-3/par-1
The provisions of Article 446, paragraphs (2) and (3) of the New Act do not apply to a guarantee contract concluded before this Act comes into effect.
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### 第四条（貸金等根保証契約に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Contracts for Revolving Guarantee for Loans
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suppl-4161-147/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-147/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-147/art-4
**第一項** 新法第四百六十五条の二及び第四百六十五条の三（第二項を除く。）の規定は、この法律の施行前に締結された貸金等根保証契約（新法第四百六十五条の二第一項に規定する貸金等根保証契約をいう。以下同じ。）については、適用しない。
suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-1
The provisions of Article 465-2 and Article 465-3 (excluding paragraph (2)) of the New Act do not apply to a contract for revolving guarantee for loans concluded before this Act comes into effect (meaning a contract for revolving guarantee for loans prescribed in Article 465-2, paragraph (1) of the New Act; the same applies hereinafter).
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**第二項** この法律の施行前に締結された貸金等根保証契約であって元本確定期日（新法第四百六十五条の三第一項に規定する元本確定期日をいう。以下同じ。）の定めがあるもののうち次の各号に掲げるものの元本確定期日は、その定めにかかわらず、それぞれ当該各号に定める日とする。
suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-2
Of the contracts for revolving guarantee for loans concluded before this Act comes into effect that provide for a principal fixed date (meaning the principal fixed date prescribed in Article 465-3, paragraph (1) of the New Act; the same applies hereinafter), for those listed in the following items, the principal fixed date is, notwithstanding that provision, the day specified in the relevant item.
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**一** 新法第四百六十五条の二第一項に規定する極度額（以下この条において単に「極度額」という。）の定めがない貸金等根保証契約であって、その元本確定期日がその定めによりこの法律の施行の日（以下この条において「施行日」という。）から起算して三年を経過する日より後の日と定められているもの 施行日から起算して三年を経過する日
suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-2/item-1
a contract for revolving guarantee for loans that does not provide for the maximum amount prescribed in Article 465-2, paragraph (1) of the New Act (hereinafter referred to in this Article simply as the "maximum amount"), and whose principal fixed date is provided by that provision to be a day later than the day on which three years have elapsed from the day this Act comes into effect (hereinafter referred to in this Article as the "Effective Date"): the day on which three years have elapsed from the Effective Date;
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**二** 極度額の定めがある貸金等根保証契約であって、その元本確定期日がその定めにより施行日から起算して五年を経過する日より後の日と定められているもの 施行日から起算して五年を経過する日
suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-2/item-2
a contract for revolving guarantee for loans that provides for a maximum amount, and whose principal fixed date is provided by that provision to be a day later than the day on which five years have elapsed from the Effective Date: the day on which five years have elapsed from the Effective Date.
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**第三項** この法律の施行前に締結された貸金等根保証契約であって元本確定期日の定めがないものについての新法第四百六十五条の三第二項の規定の適用については、同項中「元本確定期日の定めがない場合（前項の規定により元本確定期日の定めがその効力を生じない場合を含む。）」とあるのは「元本確定期日の定めがない場合」と、「その貸金等根保証契約の締結の日から三年」とあるのは「この法律の施行の日から起算して三年」とする。
suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-3
With respect to the application of Article 465-3, paragraph (2) of the New Act to a contract for revolving guarantee for loans concluded before this Act comes into effect that does not provide for a principal fixed date, in that paragraph the phrase "does not provide for a principal fixed date (or if the provisions concerning the principal fixed date do not become effective pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph)" is deemed to be replaced with "does not provide for a principal fixed date", and the phrase "three years have passed from the day of the conclusion of the contract for revolving guarantee for loans" is deemed to be replaced with "three years have passed from the day this Act comes into effect".
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**第四項** 施行日以後にこの法律の施行前に締結された貸金等根保証契約における元本確定期日の変更をする場合において、変更後の元本確定期日が変更前の元本確定期日より後の日となるときは、その元本確定期日の変更は、その効力を生じない。
suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-4
In the case where, on or after the Effective Date, a change is made to the principal fixed date in a contract for revolving guarantee for loans concluded before this Act comes into effect, and the principal fixed date as changed falls on a day later than the original principal fixed date, that change of the principal fixed date does not become effective.
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**第五項** この法律の施行前に新法第四百六十五条の四各号に掲げる場合に該当する事由が生じた貸金等根保証契約であって、その主たる債務の元本が確定していないものについては、施行日にその事由が生じたものとみなして、同条の規定を適用する。
suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-5
With respect to a contract for revolving guarantee for loans for which, before this Act comes into effect, a cause falling under a case listed in the items of Article 465-4 of the New Act arose, and for which the principal of the principal obligation has not been fixed, that Article applies on the basis that the cause arose on the Effective Date.
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**第六項** この法律の施行前に締結された新法第四百六十五条の五に規定する保証契約については、同条の規定は、適用しない。
suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-6
The provisions of Article 465-5 of the New Act do not apply to a guarantee contract prescribed in that Article that was concluded before this Act comes into effect.
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**第七項** 前項の保証契約の保証人は、新法第四百六十五条の五に規定する根保証契約の保証人の主たる債務者に対する求償権に係る当該主たる債務者の債務について、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じ、その元本確定期日がそれぞれ当該各号に定める日より後の日である場合においては、その元本確定期日がそれぞれ当該各号に定める日であるとしたならば当該主たる債務者が負担すべきこととなる額を限度として、その履行をする責任を負う。
suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-7
The guarantor under the guarantee contract referred to in the preceding paragraph bears liability to perform, with respect to the obligation of the principal obligor pertaining to the right to reimbursement held by the guarantor of the contract for revolving guarantee prescribed in Article 465-5 of the New Act against that principal obligor, in the case where, according to the categories listed in the following items, the principal fixed date of that contract is later than the day specified in the respective item, up to the amount that that principal obligor would be liable to bear if the principal fixed date were the day specified in the respective item:
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**一** 当該根保証契約において極度額の定めがない場合 施行日から起算して三年を経過する日
suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-7/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-7/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-7/item-1
if that contract for revolving guarantee does not provide for a maximum amount: the day on which three years have elapsed from the Effective Date;
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**二** 当該根保証契約において極度額の定めがある場合 施行日から起算して五年を経過する日
suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-7/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-7/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-7/item-2
if that contract for revolving guarantee provides for a maximum amount: the day on which five years have elapsed from the Effective Date.
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**第八項** 第六項の保証契約の保証人は、前項の根保証契約において元本確定期日の定めがない場合には、同項各号に掲げる区分に応じ、その元本確定期日がそれぞれ当該各号に定める日であるとしたならば同項の主たる債務者が負担すべきこととなる額を限度として、その履行をする責任を負う。
suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4161-147/art-4/par-8
The guarantor under the guarantee contract referred to in paragraph (6) bears liability to perform, if the contract for revolving guarantee referred to in the preceding paragraph does not provide for a principal fixed date, according to the categories listed in the items of that paragraph, up to the amount that the principal obligor referred to in that paragraph would be liable to bear if the principal fixed date were the day specified in the respective item.
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## 附 則 平成一七年七月二六日法律第八七号
suppl-4171-87 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4171-87 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4171-87
**第一項** この法律は、会社法の施行の日から施行する。
suppl-4171-87/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4171-87/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4171-87/par-1
This Act comes into effect on the date on which the Companies Act comes into effect.
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## 附 則 平成一八年六月二日法律第五〇号
suppl-4181-50 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4181-50 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4181-50
**第一項** この法律は、一般社団・財団法人法の施行の日から施行する。ただし、第百三十三条第一項及び第三項（第三号に係る部分に限る。）、第百三十四条、第百三十五条第二項（第四号に係る部分に限る。）、第百三十七条、第百三十八条第一項、第百四十二条（公益法人認定法第四十七条の規定を準用する部分に限る。）、第百六十九条（内閣府設置法附則第二条第一項に一号を加える改正規定中特例民法法人の監督に関する関係行政機関の事務の調整に係る部分を除く。）並びに第二百三条の規定は、公益法人認定法附則第一項第二号に掲げる規定の施行の日から施行する。
suppl-4181-50/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4181-50/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4181-50/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date on which the Act on General Incorporated Associations and General Incorporated Foundations comes into effect; provided, however, that the provisions of Article 133, paragraphs (1) and (3) (limited to the part pertaining to item (iii)), Article 134, Article 135, paragraph (2) (limited to the part pertaining to item (iv)), Article 137, Article 138, paragraph (1), Article 142 (limited to the part that applies mutatis mutandis the provisions of Article 47 of the Act on Authorization of Public-Interest Incorporated Associations and Public-Interest Incorporated Foundations), Article 169 (excluding, in the provision amending Article 2, paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Act for Establishment of the Cabinet Office by adding one item, the part pertaining to coordination of the affairs of the relevant administrative organs concerning supervision of special civil law juridical persons), and Article 203 come into effect as of the date on which the provisions listed in item (ii) of paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Act on Authorization of Public-Interest Incorporated Associations and Public-Interest Incorporated Foundations come into effect.
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## 附 則 平成一八年六月一五日法律第七三号
suppl-4181-73 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4181-73 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4181-73
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-4181-73/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4181-73/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4181-73/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して一年六月を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。
suppl-4181-73/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4181-73/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4181-73/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding one year and six months from the date of promulgation.
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### 第二条（経過措置） — Transitional Measures
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suppl-4181-73/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4181-73/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4181-73/art-2
**第一項** 改正後の遺失物法の規定及び次条の規定による改正後の民法第二百四十条の規定は、この法律の施行前に拾得をされた物件又は改正前の遺失物法（以下「旧法」という。）第十条第二項の管守者が同項の規定による交付を受け、若しくは同項の占有者が同項の規定による差出しを受けた物件であって、この法律の施行の際現に旧法第一条第一項又は第十一条第一項（これらの規定を旧法第十二条及び第十三条において準用する場合を含む。次項において同じ。）の規定により警察署長に差し出されていないものについても適用する。
suppl-4181-73/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4181-73/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4181-73/art-2/par-1
The provisions of the Lost Property Act after the amendment and the provisions of Article 240 of the Civil Code after the amendment under the provisions of the following Article also apply to property of which a finding was made before this Act comes into effect, and to property for which the custodian prescribed in Article 10, paragraph (2) of the Lost Property Act before the amendment (hereinafter referred to as the "Former Act") has received delivery under that paragraph or for which the possessor prescribed in that paragraph has received submission under that paragraph, that has not actually been submitted to the chief of a police station at the time of enforcement of this Act under Article 1, paragraph (1) or Article 11, paragraph (1) of the Former Act (including the case where these provisions apply mutatis mutandis pursuant to Articles 12 and 13 of the Former Act; the same applies in the following paragraph).
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**第二項** この法律の施行の際現に旧法第一条第一項又は第十一条第一項の規定により警察署長に差し出されている物件については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4181-73/art-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4181-73/art-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4181-73/art-2/par-2
With respect to property that has actually been submitted to the chief of a police station at the time of enforcement of this Act under Article 1, paragraph (1) or Article 11, paragraph (1) of the Former Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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## 附 則 平成一八年六月二一日法律第七八号
suppl-4181-78 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4181-78 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4181-78
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-4181-78/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4181-78/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4181-78/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して一年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。
suppl-4181-78/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4181-78/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4181-78/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding 1 year from the date of promulgation.
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## 附 則 平成一八年一二月二〇日法律第一一四号
suppl-4181-114 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4181-114 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4181-114
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-4181-114/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4181-114/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4181-114/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して二年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。ただし、次の各号に掲げる規定は、当該各号に定める日から施行する。
suppl-4181-114/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4181-114/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4181-114/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding 2 years from the date of promulgation; provided, however, that the provisions set forth in the following items come into effect as of the dates specified respectively in those items.
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**一** 第四条（建設業法第二十二条第一項及び第三項の改正規定、同法第二十三条の次に一条を加える改正規定並びに同法第二十四条、第二十六条第三項から第五項まで、第四十条の三及び第五十五条の改正規定を除く。）及び附則第十三条（一般社団法人及び一般財団法人に関する法律及び公益社団法人及び公益財団法人の認定等に関する法律の施行に伴う関係法律の整備等に関する法律（平成十八年法律第五十号）附則第一項ただし書の改正規定に限る。）の規定 平成十九年四月一日
suppl-4181-114/art-1/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4181-114/art-1/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4181-114/art-1/par-1/item-1
the provisions of Article 4 (excluding the provisions amending Article 22, paragraphs (1) and (3) of the Construction Business Act, the provisions adding one Article after Article 23 of that Act, and the provisions amending Article 24, Article 26, paragraphs (3) through (5), Article 40-3 and Article 55 of that Act) and Article 13 of the Supplementary Provisions (limited to the provisions amending the proviso to paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Act on the Arrangement of Related Acts upon the Enforcement of the Act on General Incorporated Associations and General Incorporated Foundations and the Act on Authorization of Public Interest Incorporated Associations and Public Interest Incorporated Foundations (Act No. 50 of 2006)): April 1, 2007.
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## 附 則 平成二三年五月二五日法律第五三号
suppl-4231-53 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4231-53 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4231-53
**第一項** この法律は、新非訟事件手続法の施行の日から施行する。
suppl-4231-53/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4231-53/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4231-53/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date on which the new Non-Contentious Case Procedures Act comes into effect.
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## 附 則 平成二三年六月三日法律第六一号
suppl-4231-61 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4231-61 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4231-61
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-4231-61/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4231-61/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4231-61/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して一年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日（以下「施行日」という。）から施行する。
suppl-4231-61/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4231-61/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4231-61/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding one year from the date of promulgation (hereinafter referred to as "the Effective Date").
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### 第二条（民法の一部改正に伴う経過措置の原則） — Principle of Transitional Measures Accompanying the Partial Amendment of the Civil Code
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suppl-4231-61/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4231-61/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4231-61/art-2
**第一項** 第一条の規定による改正後の民法（次条において「新法」という。）の規定は、この法律の施行前に生じた事項にも適用する。ただし、第一条の規定による改正前の民法（次条において「旧法」という。）の規定により生じた効力を妨げない。
suppl-4231-61/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4231-61/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4231-61/art-2/par-1
The provisions of the Civil Code as amended pursuant to the provisions of Article 1 (referred to as the "New Act" in the following Article) also apply to matters that arose before this Act comes into effect; provided, however, that this does not preclude the effect that arose under the provisions of the Civil Code before amendment pursuant to the provisions of Article 1 (referred to as the "Former Act" in the following Article).
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### 第三条（親権及び管理権の喪失の宣告に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Declarations of Loss of Parental Authority and of the Right to Manage the Child's Property
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suppl-4231-61/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4231-61/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4231-61/art-3
**第一項** 旧法第八百三十四条の規定による親権の喪失の宣告は新法第八百三十四条本文の規定による親権喪失の審判と、当該親権の喪失の宣告を受けた父又は母は当該親権喪失の審判を受けた父又は母とみなす。
suppl-4231-61/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4231-61/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4231-61/art-3/par-1
A declaration of loss of parental authority under Article 834 of the Former Act is deemed to be a ruling affirming the loss of parental authority under the main clause of Article 834 of the New Act, and a father or mother who received that declaration of loss of parental authority is deemed to be a father or mother who received that ruling affirming the loss of parental authority.
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**第二項** 旧法第八百三十五条（破産法（平成十六年法律第七十五号）第六十一条第一項において準用する場合を含む。次項において同じ。）の規定による管理権の喪失の宣告は新法第八百三十五条（破産法第六十一条第一項において準用する場合を含む。次項において同じ。）の規定による管理権喪失の審判と、当該管理権の喪失の宣告を受けた父又は母は当該管理権喪失の審判を受けた父又は母とみなす。
suppl-4231-61/art-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4231-61/art-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4231-61/art-3/par-2
A declaration of loss of the right to manage the child's property under Article 835 of the Former Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 61, paragraph (1) of the Bankruptcy Act (Act No. 75 of 2004); the same applies in the following paragraph) is deemed to be a ruling affirming the loss of the right to manage the child's property under Article 835 of the New Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 61, paragraph (1) of the Bankruptcy Act; the same applies in the following paragraph), and a father or mother who received that declaration of loss of the right to manage the child's property is deemed to be a father or mother who received that ruling affirming the loss of the right to manage the child's property.
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**第三項** 旧法第八百三十四条又は第八百三十五条の規定による親権又は管理権の喪失の宣告の請求（この法律の施行前に当該請求に係る審判が確定したものを除く。）は、新法第八百三十四条本文又は第八百三十五条の規定による親権喪失又は管理権喪失の審判の請求とみなす。
suppl-4231-61/art-3/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4231-61/art-3/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4231-61/art-3/par-3
A request for a declaration of loss of parental authority or of the right to manage the child's property under Article 834 or 835 of the Former Act (excluding one for which the ruling pertaining to that request became final before this Act comes into effect) is deemed to be a request for a ruling affirming the loss of parental authority or a ruling affirming the loss of the right to manage the child's property under the main clause of Article 834 or Article 835 of the New Act.
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## 附 則 平成二三年六月二四日法律第七四号
suppl-4231-74 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4231-74 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4231-74
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-4231-74/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4231-74/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4231-74/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して二十日を経過した日から施行する。
suppl-4231-74/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4231-74/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4231-74/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the day on which 20 days have elapsed from the date of promulgation.
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## 附 則 平成二五年一二月一一日法律第九四号
suppl-4251-94 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4251-94 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4251-94
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から施行する。
suppl-4251-94/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4251-94/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4251-94/par-1
This Act comes into effect on the date of promulgation.
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**第二項** この法律による改正後の第九百条の規定は、平成二十五年九月五日以後に開始した相続について適用する。
suppl-4251-94/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4251-94/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4251-94/par-2
The provisions of Article 900 as amended by this Act apply to inheritance that commenced on or after September 5, 2013.
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## 附 則 平成二六年六月一三日法律第六九号
suppl-4261-69 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4261-69 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4261-69
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-4261-69/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4261-69/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4261-69/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、行政不服審査法（平成二十六年法律第六十八号）の施行の日から施行する。
suppl-4261-69/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4261-69/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4261-69/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date on which the Administrative Complaint Review Act (Act No. 68 of 2014) comes into effect.
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### 第五条（経過措置の原則） — Principles of Transitional Measures
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suppl-4261-69/art-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4261-69/art-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4261-69/art-5
**第一項** 行政庁の処分その他の行為又は不作為についての不服申立てであってこの法律の施行前にされた行政庁の処分その他の行為又はこの法律の施行前にされた申請に係る行政庁の不作為に係るものについては、この附則に特別の定めがある場合を除き、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4261-69/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4261-69/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4261-69/art-5/par-1
Unless otherwise specially provided for in these Supplementary Provisions, the provisions then in force continue to govern an appeal against a disposition or other act or an inaction of an administrative agency that concerns a disposition or other act of an administrative agency made before this Act comes into effect or an inaction of an administrative agency relating to an application filed before this Act comes into effect.
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### 第六条（訴訟に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Litigation
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suppl-4261-69/art-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4261-69/art-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4261-69/art-6
**第一項** この法律による改正前の法律の規定により不服申立てに対する行政庁の裁決、決定その他の行為を経た後でなければ訴えを提起できないこととされる事項であって、当該不服申立てを提起しないでこの法律の施行前にこれを提起すべき期間を経過したもの（当該不服申立てが他の不服申立てに対する行政庁の裁決、決定その他の行為を経た後でなければ提起できないとされる場合にあっては、当該他の不服申立てを提起しないでこの法律の施行前にこれを提起すべき期間を経過したものを含む。）の訴えの提起については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4261-69/art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4261-69/art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4261-69/art-6/par-1
The provisions then in force continue to govern the filing of an action with regard to a matter for which, pursuant to the provisions of Acts prior to the amendment by this Act, an action may not be filed until after a determination, decision or other act of an administrative agency on an appeal has been made, and for which the period within which that appeal was to be filed elapsed before this Act comes into effect without that appeal having been filed (including, where that appeal may not be filed until after a determination, decision or other act of an administrative agency on another appeal has been made, a matter for which the period within which the other appeal was to be filed elapsed before this Act comes into effect without the other appeal having been filed).
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**第二項** この法律の規定による改正前の法律の規定（前条の規定によりなお従前の例によることとされる場合を含む。）により異議申立てが提起された処分その他の行為であって、この法律の規定による改正後の法律の規定により審査請求に対する裁決を経た後でなければ取消しの訴えを提起することができないこととされるものの取消しの訴えの提起については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4261-69/art-6/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4261-69/art-6/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4261-69/art-6/par-2
The provisions then in force continue to govern the filing of an action for revocation of a disposition or other act against which an objection was filed pursuant to the provisions of Acts prior to the amendment by the provisions of this Act (including in the cases where the provisions then in force continue to govern pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article), and against which, pursuant to the provisions of Acts as amended by the provisions of this Act, an action for revocation may not be filed until after a determination on a request for review has been made.
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**第三項** 不服申立てに対する行政庁の裁決、決定その他の行為の取消しの訴えであって、この法律の施行前に提起されたものについては、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4261-69/art-6/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4261-69/art-6/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4261-69/art-6/par-3
The provisions then in force continue to govern an action for revocation of a determination, decision or other act of an administrative agency on an appeal, where the action was filed before this Act comes into effect.
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### 第九条（罰則に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Penal Provisions
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suppl-4261-69/art-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4261-69/art-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4261-69/art-9
**第一項** この法律の施行前にした行為並びに附則第五条及び前二条の規定によりなお従前の例によることとされる場合におけるこの法律の施行後にした行為に対する罰則の適用については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4261-69/art-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4261-69/art-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4261-69/art-9/par-1
The provisions then in force continue to govern the application of penal provisions to acts committed before this Act comes into effect and to acts committed after this Act comes into effect in the cases where the provisions then in force continue to govern pursuant to the provisions of Article 5 and the preceding two Articles of the Supplementary Provisions.
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### 第十条（その他の経過措置の政令への委任） — Delegation of Other Transitional Measures to Cabinet Order
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suppl-4261-69/art-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4261-69/art-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4261-69/art-10
**第一項** 附則第五条から前条までに定めるもののほか、この法律の施行に関し必要な経過措置（罰則に関する経過措置を含む。）は、政令で定める。
suppl-4261-69/art-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4261-69/art-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4261-69/art-10/par-1
Beyond what is provided for in Article 5 through the preceding Article of the Supplementary Provisions, transitional measures necessary for the enforcement of this Act (including transitional measures concerning penal provisions) are specified by Cabinet Order.
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## 附 則 平成二八年四月一三日法律第二七号
suppl-4281-27 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4281-27 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4281-27
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して六月を経過した日から施行する。
suppl-4281-27/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4281-27/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4281-27/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the day on which 6 months have elapsed from the date of promulgation.
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## 附 則 平成二八年六月七日法律第七一号
suppl-4281-71 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4281-71 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4281-71
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から施行する。
suppl-4281-71/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4281-71/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4281-71/par-1
This Act comes into effect on the date of promulgation.
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**第二項** 政府は、この法律の施行後三年を目途として、この法律による改正後の規定の施行の状況等を勘案し、再婚禁止に係る制度の在り方について検討を加えるものとする。
suppl-4281-71/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4281-71/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4281-71/par-2
The government is to conduct a review of the form the system concerning the prohibition of remarriage should take, approximately three years after this Act comes into effect, taking into consideration the status of enforcement, etc. of the provisions as amended by this Act.
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## 附 則 平成二九年六月二日法律第四四号
suppl-4291-44 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-4291-44/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して三年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。ただし、次の各号に掲げる規定は、当該各号に定める日から施行する。
suppl-4291-44/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding 3 years from the date of promulgation; provided, however, that the provisions set forth in the following items come into effect as of the dates specified respectively in those items.
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**一** 附則第三十七条の規定 公布の日
suppl-4291-44/art-1/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-1/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-1/par-1/item-1
the provisions of Article 37 of the Supplementary Provisions: the date of promulgation;
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**二** 附則第三十三条第三項の規定 公布の日から起算して一年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日
suppl-4291-44/art-1/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-1/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-1/par-1/item-2
the provisions of Article 33, paragraph (3) of the Supplementary Provisions: the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding one year from the date of promulgation;
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**三** 附則第二十一条第二項及び第三項の規定 公布の日から起算して二年九月を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日
suppl-4291-44/art-1/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-1/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-1/par-1/item-3
the provisions of Article 21, paragraphs (2) and (3) of the Supplementary Provisions: the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding two years and nine months from the date of promulgation.
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### 第二条（意思能力に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Mental Capacity
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suppl-4291-44/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-2
**第一項** この法律による改正後の民法（以下「新法」という。）第三条の二の規定は、この法律の施行の日（以下「施行日」という。）前にされた意思表示については、適用しない。
suppl-4291-44/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-2/par-1
The provisions of Article 3-2 of the Civil Code after amendment by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the "New Act") do not apply to a manifestation of intention made before the date on which this Act comes into effect (hereinafter referred to as the "Effective Date").
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### 第三条（行為能力に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Capacity to Act
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suppl-4291-44/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-3
**第一項** 施行日前に制限行為能力者（新法第十三条第一項第十号に規定する制限行為能力者をいう。以下この条において同じ。）が他の制限行為能力者の法定代理人としてした行為については、同項及び新法第百二条の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-3/par-1
With regard to an act performed before the Effective Date by a person with qualified legal capacity (meaning a person with qualified legal capacity prescribed in Article 13, paragraph (1), item (x) of the New Act; the same applies below in this Article) as the legal representative of another person with qualified legal capacity, notwithstanding that paragraph and the provisions of Article 102 of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第四条（無記名債権に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Claims Payable to Bearer
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suppl-4291-44/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-4
**第一項** 施行日前に生じたこの法律による改正前の民法（以下「旧法」という。）第八十六条第三項に規定する無記名債権（その原因である法律行為が施行日前にされたものを含む。）については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-4/par-1
With regard to a claim payable to bearer prescribed in Article 86, paragraph (3) of the Civil Code prior to amendment by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the "Former Act") that arose before the Effective Date (including one for which the juridical act that is its cause was performed before the Effective Date), the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第五条（公序良俗に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Public Policy
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suppl-4291-44/art-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-5
**第一項** 施行日前にされた法律行為については、新法第九十条の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-5/par-1
With regard to a juridical act performed before the Effective Date, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 90 of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第六条（意思表示に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Manifestations of Intention
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suppl-4291-44/art-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-6
**第一項** 施行日前にされた意思表示については、新法第九十三条、第九十五条、第九十六条第二項及び第三項並びに第九十八条の二の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-6/par-1
With regard to a manifestation of intention made before the Effective Date, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 93, Article 95, Article 96, paragraphs (2) and (3), and Article 98-2 of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第二項** 施行日前に通知が発せられた意思表示については、新法第九十七条の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-6/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-6/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-6/par-2
With regard to a manifestation of intention for which notice was sent before the Effective Date, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 97 of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第七条（代理に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Agency
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suppl-4291-44/art-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-7
**第一項** 施行日前に代理権の発生原因が生じた場合（代理権授与の表示がされた場合を含む。）におけるその代理については、附則第三条に規定するもののほか、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-7/par-1
With regard to agency in the case where the cause giving rise to authority to represent arose before the Effective Date (including the case where an indication of the grant of authority to represent was made), beyond what is prescribed in Article 3 of the Supplementary Provisions, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第二項** 施行日前に無権代理人が代理人として行為をした場合におけるその無権代理人の責任については、新法第百十七条（新法第百十八条において準用する場合を含む。）の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-7/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-7/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-7/par-2
With regard to the liability of an unauthorized agent in the case where the unauthorized agent acted as an agent before the Effective Date, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 117 of the New Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 118 of the New Act), the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第八条（無効及び取消しに関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Invalidity and Revocation
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suppl-4291-44/art-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-8
**第一項** 施行日前に無効な行為に基づく債務の履行として給付がされた場合におけるその給付を受けた者の原状回復の義務については、新法第百二十一条の二（新法第八百七十二条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-8/par-1
With regard to the obligation of restoration of a person that has received payment or delivery in the case where the payment or delivery was made before the Effective Date as performance of an obligation based on a void act, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 121-2 of the New Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 872, paragraph (2) of the New Act), the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第二項** 施行日前に取り消すことができる行為がされた場合におけるその行為の追認（法定追認を含む。）については、新法第百二十二条、第百二十四条及び第百二十五条（これらの規定を新法第八百七十二条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-8/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-8/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-8/par-2
With regard to the ratification (including statutory ratification) of a revocable act in the case where that act was performed before the Effective Date, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 122, 124, and 125 of the New Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 872, paragraph (2) of the New Act), the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第九条（条件に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Conditions
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suppl-4291-44/art-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-9
**第一項** 新法第百三十条第二項の規定は、施行日前にされた法律行為については、適用しない。
suppl-4291-44/art-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-9/par-1
The provisions of Article 130, paragraph (2) of the New Act do not apply to a juridical act performed before the Effective Date.
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### 第十条（時効に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Prescription
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suppl-4291-44/art-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-10
**第一項** 施行日前に債権が生じた場合（施行日以後に債権が生じた場合であって、その原因である法律行為が施行日前にされたときを含む。以下同じ。）におけるその債権の消滅時効の援用については、新法第百四十五条の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-10/par-1
With regard to the invocation of extinctive prescription of a claim in the case where the claim arose before the Effective Date (including the case where the claim arose on or after the Effective Date and the juridical act that is its cause was performed before the Effective Date; the same applies below), notwithstanding the provisions of Article 145 of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第二項** 施行日前に旧法第百四十七条に規定する時効の中断の事由又は旧法第百五十八条から第百六十一条までに規定する時効の停止の事由が生じた場合におけるこれらの事由の効力については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-10/par-2
With regard to the effect of a circumstance for interruption of prescription prescribed in Article 147 of the Former Act or a circumstance for suspension of prescription prescribed in Articles 158 through 161 of the Former Act in the case where such a circumstance arose before the Effective Date, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第三項** 新法第百五十一条の規定は、施行日前に権利についての協議を行う旨の合意が書面でされた場合（その合意の内容を記録した電磁的記録（新法第百五十一条第四項に規定する電磁的記録をいう。附則第三十三条第二項において同じ。）によってされた場合を含む。）におけるその合意については、適用しない。
suppl-4291-44/art-10/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-10/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-10/par-3
The provisions of Article 151 of the New Act do not apply to an agreement made in writing before the Effective Date to the effect that discussions concerning a right are to be held (including the case where the agreement was made by means of an electronic or magnetic record that records the content of the agreement (meaning an electronic or magnetic record prescribed in Article 151, paragraph (4) of the New Act; the same applies in Article 33, paragraph (2) of the Supplementary Provisions)).
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**第四項** 施行日前に債権が生じた場合におけるその債権の消滅時効の期間については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-10/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-10/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-10/par-4
With regard to the period of extinctive prescription of a claim in the case where the claim arose before the Effective Date, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第十一条（債権を目的とする質権の対抗要件に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Requirements for Perfection of Pledges over Claims
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suppl-4291-44/art-11 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-11 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-11
**第一項** 施行日前に設定契約が締結された債権を目的とする質権の対抗要件については、新法第三百六十四条の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-11/par-1
With regard to the requirements for perfection of a pledge over a claim for which the contract of creation was concluded before the Effective Date, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 364 of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第十二条（指図債権に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Claims Payable to Order
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suppl-4291-44/art-12 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-12 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-12
**第一項** 施行日前に生じた旧法第三百六十五条に規定する指図債権（その原因である法律行為が施行日前にされたものを含む。）については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-12/par-1
With regard to a claim payable to order prescribed in Article 365 of the Former Act that arose before the Effective Date (including one for which the juridical act that is its cause was performed before the Effective Date), the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第十三条（根抵当権に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Revolving Mortgages
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suppl-4291-44/art-13 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-13 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-13
**第一項** 施行日前に設定契約が締結された根抵当権の被担保債権の範囲については、新法第三百九十八条の二第三項及び第三百九十八条の三第二項の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-13/par-1
With regard to the scope of secured claims under a revolving mortgage for which the contract of creation was concluded before the Effective Date, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 398-2, paragraph (3) and Article 398-3, paragraph (2) of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第二項** 新法第三百九十八条の七第三項の規定は、施行日前に締結された債務の引受けに関する契約については、適用しない。
suppl-4291-44/art-13/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-13/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-13/par-2
The provisions of Article 398-7, paragraph (3) of the New Act do not apply to a contract concerning the assumption of an obligation concluded before the Effective Date.
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**第三項** 施行日前に締結された更改の契約に係る根抵当権の移転については、新法第三百九十八条の七第四項の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-13/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-13/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-13/par-3
With regard to the transfer of a revolving mortgage relating to a contract of novation concluded before the Effective Date, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 398-7, paragraph (4) of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第十四条（債権の目的に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Subject of Claim
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suppl-4291-44/art-14 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-14 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-14
**第一項** 施行日前に債権が生じた場合におけるその債務者の注意義務については、新法第四百条の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-14/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-14/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-14/par-1
With regard to the duty of care of the obligor in the case where a claim arose before the Effective Date, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 400 of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第十五条
suppl-4291-44/art-15 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-15 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-15
**第一項** 施行日前に利息が生じた場合におけるその利息を生ずべき債権に係る法定利率については、新法第四百四条の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-15/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-15/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-15/par-1
With regard to the statutory interest rate relating to a claim that is to bear interest in the case where interest arose before the Effective Date, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 404 of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第二項** 新法第四百四条第四項の規定により法定利率に初めて変動があるまでの各期における同項の規定の適用については、同項中「この項の規定により法定利率に変動があった期のうち直近のもの（以下この項において「直近変動期」という。）」とあるのは「民法の一部を改正する法律（平成二十九年法律第四十四号）の施行後最初の期」と、「直近変動期における法定利率」とあるのは「年三パーセント」とする。
suppl-4291-44/art-15/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-15/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-15/par-2
With regard to the application of the provisions of Article 404, paragraph (4) of the New Act to each term until the first change in the statutory interest rate pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph, the phrase "the most recent term during which there was a change in the statutory interest rate pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph (referred to as the 'most recent term of change' in this paragraph below)" in that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "the first term after the enforcement of the Act for Partially Amending the Civil Code (Act No. 44 of 2017)", and the phrase "the statutory interest rate for the most recent term of change" is deemed to be replaced with "3% per annum".
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### 第十六条
suppl-4291-44/art-16 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-16 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-16
**第一項** 施行日前に債権が生じた場合における選択債権の不能による特定については、新法第四百十条の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-16/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-16/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-16/par-1
With regard to the identification of an alternative claim due to impossibility in the case where a claim arose before the Effective Date, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 410 of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第十七条（債務不履行の責任等に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Liability for Non-Performance, etc.
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suppl-4291-44/art-17 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-17 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-17
**第一項** 施行日前に債務が生じた場合（施行日以後に債務が生じた場合であって、その原因である法律行為が施行日前にされたときを含む。附則第二十五条第一項において同じ。）におけるその債務不履行の責任等については、新法第四百十二条第二項、第四百十二条の二から第四百十三条の二まで、第四百十五条、第四百十六条第二項、第四百十八条及び第四百二十二条の二の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-17/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-17/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-17/par-1
With regard to liability for non-performance, etc. of an obligation in the case where the obligation arose before the Effective Date (including the case where the obligation arose on or after the Effective Date and the juridical act that is its cause was performed before the Effective Date; the same applies in Article 25, paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions), notwithstanding the provisions of Article 412, paragraph (2), Articles 412-2 through 413-2, Article 415, Article 416, paragraph (2), Article 418, and Article 422-2 of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第二項** 新法第四百十七条の二（新法第七百二十二条第一項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定は、施行日前に生じた将来において取得すべき利益又は負担すべき費用についての損害賠償請求権については、適用しない。
suppl-4291-44/art-17/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-17/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-17/par-2
The provisions of Article 417-2 of the New Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 722, paragraph (1) of the New Act) do not apply to a claim for damages for benefits to be obtained or expenses to be borne in the future that arose before the Effective Date.
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**第三項** 施行日前に債務者が遅滞の責任を負った場合における遅延損害金を生ずべき債権に係る法定利率については、新法第四百十九条第一項の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-17/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-17/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-17/par-3
With regard to the statutory interest rate relating to a claim that is to bear delay damages in the case where the obligor assumed responsibility for delay before the Effective Date, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 419, paragraph (1) of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第四項** 施行日前にされた旧法第四百二十条第一項に規定する損害賠償の額の予定に係る合意及び旧法第四百二十一条に規定する金銭でないものを損害の賠償に充てるべき旨の予定に係る合意については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-17/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-17/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-17/par-4
With regard to an agreement on liquidated damages prescribed in Article 420, paragraph (1) of the Former Act and an agreement to appropriate anything other than money as compensation for damage prescribed in Article 421 of the Former Act, made before the Effective Date, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第十八条（債権者代位権に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Obligee's Right of Subrogation
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suppl-4291-44/art-18 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-18 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-18
**第一項** 施行日前に旧法第四百二十三条第一項に規定する債務者に属する権利が生じた場合におけるその権利に係る債権者代位権については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-18/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-18/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-18/par-1
With regard to the obligee's right of subrogation relating to a right belonging to the obligor prescribed in Article 423, paragraph (1) of the Former Act, in the case where that right arose before the Effective Date, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第二項** 新法第四百二十三条の七の規定は、施行日前に生じた同条に規定する譲渡人が第三者に対して有する権利については、適用しない。
suppl-4291-44/art-18/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-18/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-18/par-2
The provisions of Article 423-7 of the New Act do not apply to a right that the assignor prescribed in that Article has against a third party and that arose before the Effective Date.
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### 第十九条（詐害行為取消権に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Right to Demand Revocation of Fraudulent Act
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suppl-4291-44/art-19 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-19 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-19
**第一項** 施行日前に旧法第四百二十四条第一項に規定する債務者が債権者を害することを知ってした法律行為がされた場合におけるその行為に係る詐害行為取消権については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-19/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-19/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-19/par-1
With regard to the right to demand revocation of a fraudulent act relating to an act in the case where, before the Effective Date, an obligor performed a juridical act knowing that it would prejudice an obligee, as prescribed in Article 424, paragraph (1) of the Former Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第二十条（不可分債権、不可分債務、連帯債権及び連帯債務に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Indivisible Claims, Indivisible Obligations, Joint and Several Claims, and Joint and Several Obligations
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suppl-4291-44/art-20 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-20 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-20
**第一項** 施行日前に生じた旧法第四百二十八条に規定する不可分債権（その原因である法律行為が施行日前にされたものを含む。）については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-20/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-20/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-20/par-1
With regard to an indivisible claim prescribed in Article 428 of the Former Act that arose before the Effective Date (including one for which the juridical act that is its cause was performed before the Effective Date), the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第二項** 施行日前に生じた旧法第四百三十条に規定する不可分債務及び旧法第四百三十二条に規定する連帯債務（これらの原因である法律行為が施行日前にされたものを含む。）については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-20/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-20/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-20/par-2
With regard to an indivisible obligation prescribed in Article 430 of the Former Act and a joint and several obligation prescribed in Article 432 of the Former Act that arose before the Effective Date (including those for which the juridical act that is their cause was performed before the Effective Date), the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第三項** 新法第四百三十二条から第四百三十五条の二までの規定は、施行日前に生じた新法第四百三十二条に規定する債権（その原因である法律行為が施行日前にされたものを含む。）については、適用しない。
suppl-4291-44/art-20/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-20/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-20/par-3
The provisions of Articles 432 through 435-2 of the New Act do not apply to a claim prescribed in Article 432 of the New Act that arose before the Effective Date (including one for which the juridical act that is its cause was performed before the Effective Date).
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### 第二十一条（保証債務に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Guarantee Obligations
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suppl-4291-44/art-21 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-21 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-21
**第一項** 施行日前に締結された保証契約に係る保証債務については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-21/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-21/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-21/par-1
With regard to a guarantee obligation relating to a guarantee contract concluded before the Effective Date, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 保証人になろうとする者は、施行日前においても、新法第四百六十五条の六第一項（新法第四百六十五条の八第一項において準用する場合を含む。）の公正証書の作成を嘱託することができる。
suppl-4291-44/art-21/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-21/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-21/par-2
A person intending to become a guarantor may, even before the Effective Date, request the preparation of the notarial instrument referred to in Article 465-6, paragraph (1) of the New Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 465-8, paragraph (1) of the New Act).
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 公証人は、前項の規定による公正証書の作成の嘱託があった場合には、施行日前においても、新法第四百六十五条の六第二項及び第四百六十五条の七（これらの規定を新法第四百六十五条の八第一項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定の例により、その作成をすることができる。
suppl-4291-44/art-21/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-21/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-21/par-3
If a request for the preparation of a notarial instrument has been made pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, a notary may, even before the Effective Date, prepare it in accordance with the provisions of Article 465-6, paragraph (2) and Article 465-7 of the New Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 465-8, paragraph (1) of the New Act).
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### 第二十二条（債権の譲渡に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Assignment of Claims
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suppl-4291-44/art-22 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-22 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-22
**第一項** 施行日前に債権の譲渡の原因である法律行為がされた場合におけるその債権の譲渡については、新法第四百六十六条から第四百六十九条までの規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-22/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-22/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-22/par-1
With regard to the assignment of a claim in the case where the juridical act that is the cause of the assignment of the claim was performed before the Effective Date, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 466 through 469 of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第二十三条（債務の引受けに関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Assumption of Obligation
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suppl-4291-44/art-23 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-23 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-23
**第一項** 新法第四百七十条から第四百七十二条の四までの規定は、施行日前に締結された債務の引受けに関する契約については、適用しない。
suppl-4291-44/art-23/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-23/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-23/par-1
The provisions of Articles 470 through 472-4 of the New Act do not apply to a contract concerning the assumption of an obligation concluded before the Effective Date.
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### 第二十四条（記名式所持人払債権に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Registered Claims Payable to Holder
caption: machine translation, not official
suppl-4291-44/art-24 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-24 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-24
**第一項** 施行日前に生じた旧法第四百七十一条に規定する記名式所持人払債権（その原因である法律行為が施行日前にされたものを含む。）については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-24/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-24/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-24/par-1
With regard to a registered claim payable to holder prescribed in Article 471 of the Former Act that arose before the Effective Date (including one for which the juridical act that is its cause was performed before the Effective Date), the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第二十五条（弁済に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Performance
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suppl-4291-44/art-25 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-25 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-25
**第一項** 施行日前に債務が生じた場合におけるその債務の弁済については、次項に規定するもののほか、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-25/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-25/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-25/par-1
With regard to the performance of an obligation in the case where the obligation arose before the Effective Date, beyond what is prescribed in the following paragraph, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第二項** 施行日前に弁済がされた場合におけるその弁済の充当については、新法第四百八十八条から第四百九十一条までの規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-25/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-25/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-25/par-2
With regard to the appropriation of performance in the case where the performance was made before the Effective Date, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 488 through 491 of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第二十六条（相殺に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Set-Off
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suppl-4291-44/art-26 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-26 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-26
**第一項** 施行日前にされた旧法第五百五条第二項に規定する意思表示については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-26/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-26/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-26/par-1
With regard to a manifestation of intention prescribed in Article 505, paragraph (2) of the Former Act that was made before the Effective Date, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第二項** 施行日前に債権が生じた場合におけるその債権を受働債権とする相殺については、新法第五百九条の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-26/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-26/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-26/par-2
With regard to a set-off in which a claim that arose before the Effective Date is the passive set-off claim, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 509 of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第三項** 施行日前の原因に基づいて債権が生じた場合におけるその債権を自働債権とする相殺（差押えを受けた債権を受働債権とするものに限る。）については、新法第五百十一条の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-26/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-26/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-26/par-3
With regard to a set-off in which a claim that arose on the basis of a cause existing before the Effective Date is the claim used to assert set-off (limited to one in which a claim that has been attached is the passive set-off claim), notwithstanding the provisions of Article 511 of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第四項** 施行日前に相殺の意思表示がされた場合におけるその相殺の充当については、新法第五百十二条及び第五百十二条の二の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-26/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-26/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-26/par-4
With regard to the appropriation of a set-off in the case where the manifestation of intention to effect the set-off was made before the Effective Date, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 512 and 512-2 of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第二十七条（更改に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Novation
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suppl-4291-44/art-27 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-27 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-27
**第一項** 施行日前に旧法第五百十三条に規定する更改の契約が締結された更改については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-27/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-27/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-27/par-1
With regard to a novation for which a contract of novation prescribed in Article 513 of the Former Act was concluded before the Effective Date, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第二十八条（有価証券に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Negotiable Instruments of Value
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suppl-4291-44/art-28 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-28 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-28
**第一項** 新法第五百二十条の二から第五百二十条の二十までの規定は、施行日前に発行された証券については、適用しない。
suppl-4291-44/art-28/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-28/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-28/par-1
The provisions of Articles 520-2 through 520-20 of the New Act do not apply to an instrument issued before the Effective Date.
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### 第二十九条（契約の成立に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Formation of Contracts
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suppl-4291-44/art-29 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-29 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-29
**第一項** 施行日前に契約の申込みがされた場合におけるその申込み及びこれに対する承諾については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-29/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-29/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-29/par-1
With regard to an offer of a contract made before the Effective Date and the acceptance of that offer, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第二項** 施行日前に通知が発せられた契約の申込みについては、新法第五百二十六条の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-29/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-29/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-29/par-2
With regard to an offer of a contract for which notice was issued before the Effective Date, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 526 of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第三項** 施行日前にされた懸賞広告については、新法第五百二十九条から第五百三十条までの規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-29/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-29/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-29/par-3
With regard to an offer of reward to the public made before the Effective Date, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 529 through 530 of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第三十条（契約の効力に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Effect of Contracts
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suppl-4291-44/art-30 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-30 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-30
**第一項** 施行日前に締結された契約に係る同時履行の抗弁及び危険負担については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-30/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-30/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-30/par-1
With regard to the defense of simultaneous performance and the bearing of risk relating to a contract concluded before the Effective Date, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 新法第五百三十七条第二項及び第五百三十八条第二項の規定は、施行日前に締結された第三者のためにする契約については、適用しない。
suppl-4291-44/art-30/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-30/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-30/par-2
The provisions of Article 537, paragraph (2) and Article 538, paragraph (2) of the New Act do not apply to a third party beneficiary contract concluded before the Effective Date.
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### 第三十一条（契約上の地位の移転に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Transfer of Contractual Status
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suppl-4291-44/art-31 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-31 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-31
**第一項** 新法第五百三十九条の二の規定は、施行日前にされた契約上の地位を譲渡する旨の合意については、適用しない。
suppl-4291-44/art-31/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-31/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-31/par-1
The provisions of Article 539-2 of the New Act do not apply to an agreement to the effect that contractual status is to be transferred that was made before the Effective Date.
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### 第三十二条（契約の解除に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Cancellation of Contracts
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suppl-4291-44/art-32 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-32 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-32
**第一項** 施行日前に契約が締結された場合におけるその契約の解除については、新法第五百四十一条から第五百四十三条まで、第五百四十五条第三項及び第五百四十八条の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-32/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-32/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-32/par-1
With regard to the cancellation of a contract in the case where the contract was concluded before the Effective Date, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 541 through 543, Article 545, paragraph (3), and Article 548 of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第三十三条（定型約款に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Standard Terms and Conditions
caption: machine translation, not official
suppl-4291-44/art-33 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-33 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-33
**第一項** 新法第五百四十八条の二から第五百四十八条の四までの規定は、施行日前に締結された定型取引（新法第五百四十八条の二第一項に規定する定型取引をいう。）に係る契約についても、適用する。ただし、旧法の規定によって生じた効力を妨げない。
suppl-4291-44/art-33/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-33/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-33/par-1
The provisions of Articles 548-2 through 548-4 of the New Act also apply to a contract relating to a standard transaction (meaning a standard transaction prescribed in Article 548-2, paragraph (1) of the New Act) concluded before the Effective Date; provided, however, that this does not preclude an effect that arose under the provisions of the Former Act.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項の規定は、同項に規定する契約の当事者の一方（契約又は法律の規定により解除権を現に行使することができる者を除く。）により反対の意思の表示が書面でされた場合（その内容を記録した電磁的記録によってされた場合を含む。）には、適用しない。
suppl-4291-44/art-33/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-33/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-33/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if a contrary intention is manifested in writing by one of the parties to the contract prescribed in that paragraph (excluding a person that is currently able to exercise the right to cancel under the contract or the provisions of an Act) (including the case where it is manifested by means of an electronic or magnetic record that records its content).
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 前項に規定する反対の意思の表示は、施行日前にしなければならない。
suppl-4291-44/art-33/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-33/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-33/par-3
The manifestation of contrary intention prescribed in the preceding paragraph must be made prior to the Effective Date.
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### 第三十四条（贈与等に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Gifts, etc.
caption: machine translation, not official
suppl-4291-44/art-34 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-34 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-34
**第一項** 施行日前に贈与、売買、消費貸借（旧法第五百八十九条に規定する消費貸借の予約を含む。）、使用貸借、賃貸借、雇用、請負、委任、寄託又は組合の各契約が締結された場合におけるこれらの契約及びこれらの契約に付随する買戻しその他の特約については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-34/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-34/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-34/par-1
With regard to the respective contracts of gift, sale and purchase, loan for consumption (including the preliminary contract for a loan for consumption prescribed in Article 589 of the Former Act), loan for use, lease, employment, contract for work, mandate, deposit, or partnership, in the case where any of those contracts was concluded before the Effective Date, and with regard to those contracts and any buy-back or other special agreement ancillary to those contracts, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第二項** 前項の規定にかかわらず、新法第六百四条第二項の規定は、施行日前に賃貸借契約が締結された場合において施行日以後にその契約の更新に係る合意がされるときにも適用する。
suppl-4291-44/art-34/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-34/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-34/par-2
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the provisions of Article 604, paragraph (2) of the New Act also apply where a lease contract was concluded before the Effective Date and an agreement relating to the renewal of that contract is made on or after the Effective Date.
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**第三項** 第一項の規定にかかわらず、新法第六百五条の四の規定は、施行日前に不動産の賃貸借契約が締結された場合において施行日以後にその不動産の占有を第三者が妨害し、又はその不動産を第三者が占有しているときにも適用する。
suppl-4291-44/art-34/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-34/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-34/par-3
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), the provisions of Article 605-4 of the New Act also apply where a lease contract for immovables was concluded before the Effective Date and, on or after the Effective Date, a third party disturbs the possession of those immovables or a third party is in possession of those immovables.
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### 第三十五条（不法行為等に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Torts, etc.
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suppl-4291-44/art-35 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-35 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-35
**第一項** 旧法第七百二十四条後段（旧法第九百三十四条第三項（旧法第九百三十六条第三項、第九百四十七条第三項、第九百五十条第二項及び第九百五十七条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）において準用する場合を含む。）に規定する期間がこの法律の施行の際既に経過していた場合におけるその期間の制限については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-35/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-35/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-35/par-1
With regard to the restriction on the period in the case where the period prescribed in the second sentence of Article 724 of the Former Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 934, paragraph (3) of the Former Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 936, paragraph (3), Article 947, paragraph (3), Article 950, paragraph (2), and Article 957, paragraph (2) of the Former Act)) had already elapsed at the time of the enforcement of this Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第二項** 新法第七百二十四条の二の規定は、不法行為による損害賠償請求権の旧法第七百二十四条前段に規定する時効がこの法律の施行の際既に完成していた場合については、適用しない。
suppl-4291-44/art-35/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-35/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-35/par-2
The provisions of Article 724-2 of the New Act do not apply where the prescription prescribed in the first sentence of Article 724 of the Former Act for a claim for damages by tort had already been completed at the time of the enforcement of this Act.
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### 第三十六条（遺言執行者の報酬に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Remuneration of Executor
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suppl-4291-44/art-36 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-36 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-36
**第一項** 施行日前に遺言執行者となった者の報酬については、新法第千十八条第二項において準用する新法第六百四十八条第三項及び第六百四十八条の二の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4291-44/art-36/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-36/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-36/par-1
With regard to the remuneration of a person who became an executor before the Effective Date, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 648, paragraph (3) and Article 648-2 of the New Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 1018, paragraph (2) of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第三十七条（政令への委任） — Delegation to Cabinet Order
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suppl-4291-44/art-37 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-37 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-37
**第一項** この附則に規定するもののほか、この法律の施行に関し必要な経過措置は、政令で定める。
suppl-4291-44/art-37/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-37/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-37/par-1
Beyond what is provided for in these Supplementary Provisions, transitional measures necessary in connection with the enforcement of this Act are specified by Cabinet Order.
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## 附 則 平成三〇年六月二〇日法律第五九号
suppl-4301-59 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-59 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-59
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-4301-59/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-59/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-59/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、平成三十四年四月一日から施行する。ただし、附則第二十六条の規定は、公布の日から施行する。
suppl-4301-59/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-59/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-59/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of April 1, 2022; provided however, that the provisions of Article 26 of the Supplementary Provisions come into effect as of the date of promulgation.
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### 第二条（成年に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Age of Majority
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suppl-4301-59/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-59/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-59/art-2
**第一項** この法律による改正後の民法（以下「新法」という。）第四条の規定は、この法律の施行の日（以下「施行日」という。）以後に十八歳に達する者について適用し、この法律の施行の際に二十歳以上の者の成年に達した時については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4301-59/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-59/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-59/art-2/par-1
The provisions of Article 4 of the Civil Code as amended by this Act (referred to as the "New Act" below) apply to a person who attains the age of 18 on or after the day of enforcement of this Act (referred to as the "Effective Date" below), and with regard to the time at which a person aged 20 or more at the time of the enforcement of this Act attained the age of majority, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第二項** この法律の施行の際に十八歳以上二十歳未満の者（次項に規定する者を除く。）は、施行日において成年に達するものとする。
suppl-4301-59/art-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-59/art-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-59/art-2/par-2
A person aged 18 or more and less than 20 at the time of the enforcement of this Act (excluding a person prescribed in the following paragraph) is to attain the age of majority on the Effective Date.
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**第三項** 施行日前に婚姻をし、この法律による改正前の民法（次条第三項において「旧法」という。）第七百五十三条の規定により成年に達したものとみなされた者については、この法律の施行後も、なお従前の例により当該婚姻の時に成年に達したものとみなす。
suppl-4301-59/art-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-59/art-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-59/art-2/par-3
With regard to a person who married before the Effective Date and was deemed to have attained the age of majority pursuant to the provisions of Article 753 of the Civil Code before amendment by this Act (referred to as the "Former Act" in paragraph (3) of the following Article), the person continues, after the enforcement of this Act as well, to be deemed to have attained the age of majority at the time of that marriage, in accordance with the provisions then in force.
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### 第三条（婚姻に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Marriage
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suppl-4301-59/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-59/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-59/art-3
**第一項** 施行日前にした婚姻の取消し（女が適齢に達していないことを理由とするものに限る。）については、新法第七百三十一条及び第七百四十五条の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4301-59/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-59/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-59/art-3/par-1
With regard to the cancellation of a marriage made before the Effective Date (limited to one on the ground that the woman had not attained the marriageable age), notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 731 and 745 of the New Act, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第二項** この法律の施行の際に十六歳以上十八歳未満の女は、新法第七百三十一条の規定にかかわらず、婚姻をすることができる。
suppl-4301-59/art-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-59/art-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-59/art-3/par-2
A woman aged 16 or more and less than 18 at the time of the enforcement of this Act may marry, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 731 of the New Act.
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**第三項** 前項の規定による婚姻については、旧法第七百三十七条、第七百四十条（旧法第七百四十一条において準用する場合を含む。）及び第七百五十三条の規定は、なおその効力を有する。
suppl-4301-59/art-3/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-59/art-3/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-59/art-3/par-3
With regard to a marriage pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the provisions of Article 737, Article 740 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 741 of the Former Act), and Article 753 of the Former Act remain in force.
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### 第四条（縁組に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Adoption
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suppl-4301-59/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-59/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-59/art-4
**第一項** 施行日前にした縁組の取消し（養親となる者が成年に達していないことを理由とするものに限る。）については、新法第四条、第七百九十二条及び第八百四条の規定並びに附則第二条第二項の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4301-59/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-59/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-59/art-4/par-1
With regard to the annulment of an adoption made before the Effective Date (limited to one on the ground that the person who is to be the adoptive parent has not attained the age of majority), notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 4, 792, and 804 of the New Act and the provisions of Article 2, paragraph (2) of the Supplementary Provisions, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第二十五条（罰則に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Penal Provisions
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suppl-4301-59/art-25 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-59/art-25 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-59/art-25
**第一項** 施行日前にした行為及び附則第十三条の規定によりなお従前の例によることとされる場合における施行日以後にした行為に対する罰則の適用については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4301-59/art-25/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-59/art-25/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-59/art-25/par-1
With regard to the application of penal provisions to an act committed before the Effective Date and an act committed on or after the Effective Date in a case where the provisions then in force are to continue to govern pursuant to the provisions of Article 13 of the Supplementary Provisions, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第二十六条（政令への委任） — Delegation to Cabinet Order
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suppl-4301-59/art-26 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-59/art-26 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-59/art-26
**第一項** この附則に規定するもののほか、この法律の施行に関し必要な経過措置は、政令で定める。
suppl-4301-59/art-26/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-59/art-26/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-59/art-26/par-1
Beyond what is provided for in these Supplementary Provisions, transitional measures necessary in connection with the enforcement of this Act are specified by Cabinet Order.
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## 附 則 平成三〇年七月一三日法律第七二号
suppl-4301-72 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-4301-72/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して一年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。ただし、次の各号に掲げる規定は、当該各号に定める日から施行する。
suppl-4301-72/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the day specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding one year from the date of promulgation; provided, however, that the provisions set forth in the following items come into effect as of the days specified in those items.
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**一** 附則第三十条及び第三十一条の規定 公布の日
suppl-4301-72/art-1/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-1/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-1/par-1/item-1
the provisions of Articles 30 and 31 of the Supplementary Provisions: the date of promulgation;
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**二** 第一条中民法第九百六十八条、第九百七十条第二項及び第九百八十二条の改正規定並びに附則第六条の規定 公布の日から起算して六月を経過した日
suppl-4301-72/art-1/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-1/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-1/par-1/item-2
the provisions amending Article 968, Article 970, paragraph (2), and Article 982 of the Civil Code in Article 1, and the provisions of Article 6 of the Supplementary Provisions: the day on which six months have elapsed from the date of promulgation;
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**三** 第一条中民法第九百九十八条、第千条及び第千二十五条ただし書の改正規定並びに附則第七条及び第九条の規定 民法の一部を改正する法律（平成二十九年法律第四十四号）の施行の日
suppl-4301-72/art-1/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-1/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-1/par-1/item-3
the provisions amending Article 998, Article 1000, and the proviso to Article 1025 of the Civil Code in Article 1, and the provisions of Articles 7 and 9 of the Supplementary Provisions: the date of enforcement of the Act for Partially Amending the Civil Code (Act No. 44 of 2017);
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**四** 第二条並びに附則第十条、第十三条、第十四条、第十七条、第十八条及び第二十三条から第二十六条までの規定 公布の日から起算して二年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日
suppl-4301-72/art-1/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-1/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-1/par-1/item-4
the provisions of Article 2 and Articles 10, 13, 14, 17, 18 and 23 through 26 of the Supplementary Provisions: the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding two years from the date of promulgation.
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### 第二条（民法の一部改正に伴う経過措置の原則） — Principle of Transitional Measures Accompanying the Partial Amendment of the Civil Code
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suppl-4301-72/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-2
**第一項** この法律の施行の日（以下「施行日」という。）前に開始した相続については、この附則に特別の定めがある場合を除き、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4301-72/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-2/par-1
With regard to succession that commenced before the day of enforcement of this Act (referred to as the "Effective Date" below), except where there are special provisions in these Supplementary Provisions, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第三条（共同相続における権利の承継の対抗要件に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Requirements for Perfection of Succession to Rights in Joint Succession
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suppl-4301-72/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-3
**第一項** 第一条の規定による改正後の民法（以下「新民法」という。）第八百九十九条の二の規定は、施行日前に開始した相続に関し遺産の分割による債権の承継がされた場合において、施行日以後にその承継の通知がされるときにも、適用する。
suppl-4301-72/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-3/par-1
The provisions of Article 899-2 of the Civil Code as amended by the provisions of Article 1 (referred to as the "New Civil Code" below) also apply where, with regard to succession that commenced before the Effective Date, succession to a claim has occurred by division of the estate and notice of that succession is given on or after the Effective Date.
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### 第四条（夫婦間における居住用不動産の遺贈又は贈与に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Legacy or Gift of Real Estate Used as Residence Between Spouses
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suppl-4301-72/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-4
**第一項** 新民法第九百三条第四項の規定は、施行日前にされた遺贈又は贈与については、適用しない。
suppl-4301-72/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-4/par-1
The provisions of Article 903, paragraph (4) of the New Civil Code do not apply to a legacy or gift made before the Effective Date.
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### 第五条（遺産の分割前における預貯金債権の行使に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Exercise of Claims for Deposits and Savings Before Division of the Estate
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suppl-4301-72/art-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-5
**第一項** 新民法第九百九条の二の規定は、施行日前に開始した相続に関し、施行日以後に預貯金債権が行使されるときにも、適用する。
suppl-4301-72/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-5/par-1
The provisions of Article 909-2 of the New Civil Code also apply where, with regard to succession that commenced before the Effective Date, a claim for deposits and savings is exercised on or after the Effective Date.
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**第二項** 施行日から附則第一条第三号に定める日の前日までの間における新民法第九百九条の二の規定の適用については、同条中「預貯金債権のうち」とあるのは、「預貯金債権（預金口座又は貯金口座に係る預金又は貯金に係る債権をいう。以下同じ。）のうち」とする。
suppl-4301-72/art-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-5/par-2
With regard to the application of the provisions of Article 909-2 of the New Civil Code during the period from the Effective Date to the day preceding the date specified in Article 1, item (iii) of the Supplementary Provisions, the phrase "among claims for deposits and savings" in that Article is deemed to be replaced with "among claims for deposits and savings (meaning claims for deposits or savings relating to a deposit account or a saving account; the same applies below)".
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### 第六条（自筆証書遺言の方式に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Formalities of Holographic Wills
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suppl-4301-72/art-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-6
**第一項** 附則第一条第二号に掲げる規定の施行の日前にされた自筆証書遺言については、新民法第九百六十八条第二項及び第三項の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4301-72/art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-6/par-1
With regard to a holographic will made before the date of enforcement of the provisions set forth in Article 1, item (ii) of the Supplementary Provisions, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 968, paragraphs (2) and (3) of the New Civil Code, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第七条（遺贈義務者の引渡義務等に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Obligation of Person Obligated under a Legacy to Deliver, etc.
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suppl-4301-72/art-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-7
**第一項** 附則第一条第三号に掲げる規定の施行の日（以下「第三号施行日」という。）前にされた遺贈に係る遺贈義務者の引渡義務については、新民法第九百九十八条の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4301-72/art-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-7/par-1
With regard to the obligation to deliver of a person obligated under a legacy relating to a legacy made before the date of enforcement of the provisions set forth in Article 1, item (iii) of the Supplementary Provisions (referred to as the "item (iii) Effective Date" below), notwithstanding the provisions of Article 998 of the New Civil Code, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第二項** 第一条の規定による改正前の民法第千条の規定は、第三号施行日前にされた第三者の権利の目的である財産の遺贈については、なおその効力を有する。
suppl-4301-72/art-7/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-7/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-7/par-2
The provisions of Article 1000 of the Civil Code before amendment by the provisions of Article 1 remain in force with regard to a legacy of property that is the subject of a third party's right made before the item (iii) Effective Date.
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### 第八条（遺言執行者の権利義務等に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Rights and Duties of Executor, etc.
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suppl-4301-72/art-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-8
**第一項** 新民法第千七条第二項及び第千十二条の規定は、施行日前に開始した相続に関し、施行日以後に遺言執行者となる者にも、適用する。
suppl-4301-72/art-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-8/par-1
The provisions of Article 1007, paragraph (2) and Article 1012 of the New Civil Code also apply to a person who becomes an executor on or after the Effective Date with regard to succession that commenced before the Effective Date.
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**第二項** 新民法第千十四条第二項から第四項までの規定は、施行日前にされた特定の財産に関する遺言に係る遺言執行者によるその執行については、適用しない。
suppl-4301-72/art-8/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-8/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-8/par-2
The provisions of Article 1014, paragraphs (2) through (4) of the New Civil Code do not apply to the execution, by an executor, of a will that concerns specific property and was made before the Effective Date.
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**第三項** 施行日前にされた遺言に係る遺言執行者の復任権については、新民法第千十六条の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4301-72/art-8/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-8/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-8/par-3
With regard to the right of an executor of a will made before the Effective Date to appoint a subagent, the provisions then in force continue to govern, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 1016 of the New Civil Code.
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### 第九条（撤回された遺言の効力に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning the Effect of a Revoked Will
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suppl-4301-72/art-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-9
**第一項** 第三号施行日前に撤回された遺言の効力については、新民法第千二十五条ただし書の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4301-72/art-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-9/par-1
With regard to the effect of a will that was revoked before the item (iii) Effective Date, the provisions then in force continue to govern, notwithstanding the provisions of the proviso to Article 1025 of the New Civil Code.
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### 第十条（配偶者の居住の権利に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning the Right of Residence of a Spouse
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suppl-4301-72/art-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-10
**第一項** 第二条の規定による改正後の民法（次項において「第四号新民法」という。）第千二十八条から第千四十一条までの規定は、次項に定めるものを除き、附則第一条第四号に掲げる規定の施行の日（以下この条において「第四号施行日」という。）以後に開始した相続について適用し、第四号施行日前に開始した相続については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-4301-72/art-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-10/par-1
The provisions of Articles 1028 through 1041 of the Civil Code as amended by the provisions of Article 2 (referred to as the "item (iv) New Civil Code" in the following paragraph) apply, except as prescribed in the following paragraph, to succession that commences on or after the effective date of the provisions set forth in Article 1, item (iv) of the Supplementary Provisions (referred to as the "item (iv) Effective Date" in this Article), and the provisions then in force continue to govern succession that commenced before the item (iv) Effective Date.
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**第二項** 第四号新民法第千二十八条から第千三十六条までの規定は、第四号施行日前にされた遺贈については、適用しない。
suppl-4301-72/art-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-10/par-2
The provisions of Articles 1028 through 1036 of the item (iv) New Civil Code do not apply to a testamentary gift made before the item (iv) Effective Date.
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### 第三十一条（政令への委任） — Delegation to Cabinet Order
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suppl-4301-72/art-31 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-31 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-31
**第一項** この附則に規定するもののほか、この法律の施行に関し必要な経過措置は、政令で定める。
suppl-4301-72/art-31/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4301-72/art-31/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4301-72/art-31/par-1
Beyond what is provided for in these Supplementary Provisions, transitional measures necessary in connection with the enforcement of this Act are specified by Cabinet Order.
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## 附 則 令和元年五月一七日法律第二号
suppl-5011-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5011-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5011-2
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-5011-2/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5011-2/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5011-2/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して一年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。ただし、次の各号に掲げる規定は、当該各号に定める日から施行する。
suppl-5011-2/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5011-2/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5011-2/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the day specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding one year from the date of promulgation; provided, however, that the provisions set forth in the following items come into effect as of the days specified in those items.
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**一** 附則第二十条の規定 公布の日
suppl-5011-2/art-1/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5011-2/art-1/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5011-2/art-1/par-1/item-1
the provisions of Article 20 of the Supplementary Provisions: the date of promulgation;
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**二** 略
suppl-5011-2/art-1/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5011-2/art-1/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5011-2/art-1/par-1/item-2
Omitted
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**三** 附則第九条の規定 この法律の施行の日（以下「施行日」という。）又は前号に定める日のいずれか遅い日
suppl-5011-2/art-1/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5011-2/art-1/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5011-2/art-1/par-1/item-3
the provisions of Article 9 of the Supplementary Provisions: the date on which this Act comes into effect (hereinafter referred to as the "Effective Date") or the date specified in the preceding item, whichever is later.
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### 第二十条（政令への委任） — Delegation to Cabinet Order
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suppl-5011-2/art-20 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5011-2/art-20 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5011-2/art-20
**第一項** この附則に規定するもののほか、この法律の施行に関し必要な経過措置は、政令で定める。
suppl-5011-2/art-20/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5011-2/art-20/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5011-2/art-20/par-1
Beyond what is provided for in these Supplementary Provisions, transitional measures necessary in connection with the enforcement of this Act are specified by Cabinet Order.
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## 附 則 令和元年六月一四日法律第三四号
suppl-5011-34 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5011-34 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5011-34
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して一年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。ただし、附則第三項の規定は、公布の日から施行する。
suppl-5011-34/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5011-34/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5011-34/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the day specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding one year from the date of promulgation; provided, however, that the provisions of paragraph (3) of the Supplementary Provisions come into effect as of the date of promulgation.
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**第二項** この法律の施行の際現に係属している特別養子縁組の成立の審判事件に関する養子となる者の年齢についての要件及び当該審判事件の手続については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-5011-34/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5011-34/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5011-34/par-2
The provisions then in force continue to govern the requirements concerning the age of the person being adopted in a case for a decision on entering into a special adoption that is pending at the time this Act comes into effect, and the procedures for that case.
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**第三項** 前項に規定するもののほか、この法律の施行に関し必要な経過措置は、政令で定める。
suppl-5011-34/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5011-34/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5011-34/par-3
Beyond what is provided for in the preceding paragraph, transitional measures necessary in connection with the enforcement of this Act are specified by Cabinet Order.
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## 附 則 令和元年一二月一一日法律第七一号
suppl-5011-71 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5011-71 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5011-71
**第一項** この法律は、会社法改正法の施行の日から施行する。ただし、次の各号に掲げる規定は、当該各号に定める日から施行する。
suppl-5011-71/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5011-71/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5011-71/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date on which the Companies Act Amendment Act comes into effect; provided, however, that the provisions set forth in the following items come into effect as of the days specified in those items.
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**一** 第九条中社債、株式等の振替に関する法律第二百六十九条の改正規定（「第六十八条第二項」を「第八十六条第一項」に改める部分に限る。）、第二十一条中民間資金等の活用による公共施設等の整備等の促進に関する法律第五十六条第二項及び附則第四条の改正規定、第四十一条中保険業法附則第一条の二の十四第一項の改正規定、第四十七条中保険業法等の一部を改正する法律附則第十六条第一項の改正規定、第五十一条中株式会社海外通信・放送・郵便事業支援機構法第二十七条の改正規定、第七十八条及び第七十九条の規定、第八十九条中農林中央金庫及び特定農水産業協同組合等による信用事業の再編及び強化に関する法律附則第二十六条第一項の改正規定並びに第百二十四条及び第百二十五条の規定 公布の日
suppl-5011-71/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5011-71/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5011-71/par-1/item-1
the provision in Article 9 revising Article 269 of the Act on Book-Entry Transfer of Corporate Bonds and Shares (limited to the part replacing "Article 68, paragraph (2)" with "Article 86, paragraph (1)"), the provisions in Article 21 revising Article 56, paragraph (2) of the Act on Promotion of Private Finance Initiative and Article 4 of the Supplementary Provisions of that Act, the provision in Article 41 revising Article 1-2-14, paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Insurance Business Act, the provision in Article 47 revising Article 16, paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Act Partially Amending the Insurance Business Act, etc., the provision in Article 51 revising Article 27 of the Act on the Fund Corporation for the Overseas Development of Japan's ICT and Postal Services, the provisions of Articles 78 and 79, the provision in Article 89 revising Article 26, paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Act on Reorganization and Strengthening of Credit Business by the Norinchukin Bank and Specified Agricultural and Fishery Cooperatives, etc., and the provisions of Articles 124 and 125: the date of promulgation;
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**二** 略
suppl-5011-71/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5011-71/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5011-71/par-1/item-2
Omitted
machine translation, not official
**三** 第一条中外国法人の登記及び夫婦財産契約の登記に関する法律第四条の改正規定（「並びに第百三十二条」を「、第百三十二条から第百三十七条まで並びに第百三十九条」に改める部分に限る。）、第三条から第五条までの規定、第六条中商業登記法第七条の二、第十一条の二、第十五条、第十七条及び第十八条の改正規定、同法第四十八条の前の見出しを削る改正規定、同条から同法第五十条まで並びに同法第八十二条第二項及び第三項の改正規定、同条第四項の改正規定（「本店の所在地における」を削る部分に限る。）、同法第八十七条第一項及び第二項並びに第九十一条第一項の改正規定、同条第二項の改正規定（「本店の所在地における」を削る部分に限る。）並びに同法第九十五条、第百十一条、第百十八条及び第百三十八条の改正規定、第九条中社債、株式等の振替に関する法律第百五十一条第二項第一号の改正規定、同法第百五十五条第一項の改正規定（「（以下この条」の下に「及び第百五十九条の二第二項第四号」を加える部分に限る。）、同法第百五十九条の次に一条を加える改正規定、同法第二百二十八条第二項の表第百五十九条第三項第一号の項の次に次のように加える改正規定、同法第二百三十五条第一項の改正規定（「まで」の下に「、第百五十九条の二第二項第四号」を加える部分に限る。）、同条第二項の表第百五十九条第一項の項の次に次のように加える改正規定及び同法第二百三十九条第二項の表に次のように加える改正規定、第十条第二項から第二十三項までの規定、第十一条中会社更生法第二百六十一条第一項後段を削る改正規定、第十四条中会社法の施行に伴う関係法律の整備等に関する法律第四十六条の改正規定、第十五条中一般社団法人及び一般財団法人に関する法律の目次の改正規定（「従たる事務所の所在地における登記（第三百十二条―第三百十四条）」を「削除」に改める部分に限る。）、同法第四十七条の次に五条を加える改正規定、同法第三百一条第二項第四号の次に一号を加える改正規定、同法第六章第四節第三款、第三百十五条及び第三百二十九条の改正規定、同法第三百三十条の改正規定（「第四十九条から第五十二条まで」を「第五十一条、第五十二条」に、「及び第百三十二条」を「、第百三十二条から第百三十七条まで及び第百三十九条」に改め、「、「支店」とあるのは「従たる事務所」と」を削る部分に限る。）並びに同法第三百四十二条第十号の次に一号を加える改正規定、第十七条中信託法第二百四十七条の改正規定（「（第三項を除く。）、第十八条」を削る部分に限る。）、第十八条の規定（前号に掲げる改正規定を除く。）、第二十二条及び第二十三条の規定、第二十五条中金融商品取引法第八十九条の三の改正規定、同法第八十九条の四第二項を削る改正規定、同法第九十条の改正規定（「第十七条から」の下に「第十九条の三まで、第二十一条から」を加え、「第十五号及び第十六号」を「第十四号及び第十五号」に改める部分、「及び第二十条第三項」を削る部分及び「読み替える」を「、同法第百四十六条の二中「商業登記法（」とあるのは「金融商品取引法（昭和二十三年法律第二十五号）第九十条において準用する商業登記法（」と、「商業登記法第百四十五条」とあるのは「金融商品取引法第九十条において準用する商業登記法第百四十五条」と読み替える」に改める部分を除く。）、同法第百条の四、第百一条の二十第一項、第百二条第一項及び第百二条の十の改正規定、同法第百二条の十一の改正規定（「第十七条から」の下に「第十九条の三まで、第二十一条から」を加え、「第十五号及び第十六号」を「第十四号及び第十五号」に改める部分、「及び第二十条第三項」を削る部分及び「読み替える」を「、同法第百四十六条の二中「商業登記法（」とあるのは「金融商品取引法（昭和二十三年法律第二十五号）第百二条の十一において準用する商業登記法（」と、「商業登記法第百四十五条」とあるのは「金融商品取引法第百二条の十一において準用する商業登記法第百四十五条」と読み替える」に改める部分を除く。）並びに同法第百四十五条第一項及び第百四十六条の改正規定、第二十七条中損害保険料率算出団体に関する法律第二十三条から第二十四条の二までの改正規定及び同法第二十五条の改正規定（「第二十三条の二まで、」を「第十九条の三まで（登記申請の方式、申請書の添付書面、申請書に添付すべき電磁的記録、添付書面の特例）、第二十一条から」に、「第十五号及び第十六号」を「第十四号」に改める部分を除く。）、第三十二条中投資信託及び投資法人に関する法律第九十四条第一項の改正規定（「第三百五条第一項本文及び第四項」の下に「から第六項まで」を加える部分を除く。）、同法第百六十四条第四項の改正規定、同法第百六十六条第二項第八号の次に一号を加える改正規定、同法第百七十七条の改正規定（「、第二十条第一項及び第二項」を削る部分及び「、同法第二十四条第七号中「若しくは第三十条第二項若しくは」とあるのは「若しくは」と」を削り、「第百七十五条」と」の下に「、同法第百四十六条の二中「商業登記法（」とあるのは「投資信託及び投資法人に関する法律（昭和二十六年法律第百九十八号）第百七十七条において準用する商業登記法（」と、「商業登記法第百四十五条」とあるのは「投資信託及び投資法人に関する法律第百七十七条において準用する商業登記法第百四十五条」と」を加える部分を除く。）及び同法第二百四十九条第十九号の次に一号を加える改正規定、第三十四条中信用金庫法の目次の改正規定（「第四十八条の八」を「第四十八条の十三」に改める部分に限る。）、同法第四十六条第一項の改正規定、同法第四章第七節中第四十八条の八の次に五条を加える改正規定、同法第六十五条第二項、第七十四条から第七十六条まで及び第七十七条第四項の改正規定、同法第八十五条の改正規定（前号に掲げる部分を除く。）、同法第八十七条の四第四項の改正規定並びに同法第九十一条第一項第十二号の次に一号を加える改正規定、第三十六条中労働金庫法第七十八条から第八十条まで及び第八十一条第四項の改正規定並びに同法第八十九条の改正規定（前号に掲げる部分を除く。）、第三十八条中金融機関の合併及び転換に関する法律第六十四条第一項の改正規定、第四十条の規定（同条中協同組織金融機関の優先出資に関する法律第十四条第二項及び第二十二条第五項第三号の改正規定を除く。）、第四十一条中保険業法第四十一条第一項の改正規定、同法第四十九条第一項の改正規定（「規定中」を「規定（同法第二百九十八条（第一項第三号及び第四号を除く。）、第三百十一条第四項並びに第五項第一号及び第二号、第三百十二条第五項並びに第六項第一号及び第二号、第三百十四条、第三百十八条第四項、第三百二十五条の二並びに第三百二十五条の五第二項を除く。）中「株主」とあるのは「総代」と、これらの規定（同法第二百九十九条第一項及び第三百二十五条の三第一項第五号を除く。）中」に改め、「とあり、及び「取締役会設置会社」」を削り、「相互会社」と、」の下に「これらの規定中」を加え、「、これらの規定（同法第二百九十八条第一項（各号を除く。）及び第四項、第三百十一条第四項、第三百十二条第五項、第三百十四条並びに第三百十八条第四項を除く。）中「株主」とあるのは「総代」と」を削り、「各号を除く。）及び第四項中」を「第三号及び第四号を除く。）中「前条第四項」とあるのは「保険業法第四十五条第二項」と、「株主」とあるのは「社員又は総代」と、「次項本文及び次条から第三百二条まで」とあるのは「次条及び第三百条」と、同条第四項中「取締役会設置会社」とあるのは「相互会社」と、」に、「第三百十一条第四項及び第三百十二条第五項」を「第三百十一条第一項中「議決権行使書面に」とあるのは「議決権行使書面（保険業法第四十八条第三項に規定する議決権行使書面をいう。以下同じ。）に」と、同条第四項並びに第五項第一号及び第二号並びに同法第三百十二条第五項並びに第六項第一号及び第二号」に改め、「共同」を削る部分を除く。）、同法第六十四条第二項及び第三項の改正規定、同法第六十七条の改正規定（「、第四十八条」を「、第五十一条」に改め、「支店所在地における登記、」を削り、「登記）並びに」を「登記）、」に、「第百四十八条」を「第百三十七条」に、「職権抹消、」を「職権抹消）並びに第百三十九条から第百四十八条まで（」に改める部分及び「第四十八条から第五十三条までの規定中「本店」とあるのは「主たる事務所」と、「支店」とあるのは「従たる事務所」を「第四十七条第三項中「前項」とあるのは「保険業法第六十四条第一項」と、同法第五十五条第一項中「会社法第三百四十六条第四項」とあるのは「保険業法第五十三条の十二第四項」と、同法第百四十六条の二中「商業登記法（」とあるのは「保険業法（平成七年法律第百五号）第六十七条において準用する商業登記法（」と、「商業登記法第百四十五条」とあるのは「保険業法第六十七条において準用する商業登記法第百四十五条」と、同法第百四十八条中「この法律に」とあるのは「保険業法に」と、「この法律の施行」とあるのは「相互会社に関する登記」に改める部分に限る。）、同法第八十四条第一項並びに第九十六条の十四第一項及び第二項の改正規定、同法第九十六条の十六第四項の改正規定（「並びに」を「及び」に改め、「及び第四項」を削る部分に限る。）、同法第百六十九条の五第三項を削る改正規定、同法第百七十一条及び第百八十三条第二項の改正規定、同法第二百十六条の改正規定（「、第二十条第一項及び第二項（印鑑の提出）」を削り、「第十一号及び第十二号」を「第十号及び第十一号」に改める部分及び「において」の下に「、同法第十二条第一項第五号中「会社更生法（平成十四年法律第百五十四号）」とあるのは「金融機関等の更生手続の特例等に関する法律」と」を加える部分を除く。）並びに同法第三百三十三条第一項第十七号の次に一号を加える改正規定、第四十三条中金融機関等の更生手続の特例等に関する法律第百六十二条第一項後段を削る改正規定並びに同法第三百三十五条第一項後段及び第三百五十五条第一項後段を削る改正規定、第四十五条中資産の流動化に関する法律第二十二条第二項第七号の次に一号を加える改正規定、同条第四項を削る改正規定、同法第六十五条第三項の改正規定、同法第百八十三条第一項の改正規定（「第二十七条」を「第十九条の三」に、「、印鑑の提出、」を「）、第二十一条から第二十七条まで（」に改める部分、「、同法第二十四条第七号中「書面若しくは第三十条第二項若しくは第三十一条第二項に規定する譲渡人の承諾書」とあるのは「書面」と」を削る部分及び「準用する会社法第五百七条第三項」と」の下に「、同法第百四十六条の二中「商業登記法（」とあるのは「資産の流動化に関する法律（平成十年法律第百五号）第百八十三条第一項において準用する商業登記法（」と、「商業登記法第百四十五条」とあるのは「資産の流動化に関する法律第百八十三条第一項において準用する商業登記法第百四十五条」と」を加える部分を除く。）及び同法第三百十六条第一項第十七号の次に一号を加える改正規定、第四十八条の規定、第五十条中政党交付金の交付を受ける政党等に対する法人格の付与に関する法律第十五条の三の改正規定（「（第三項を除く。）」を削る部分に限る。）、第五十二条、第五十三条及び第五十五条の規定、第五十六条中酒税の保全及び酒類業組合等に関する法律第二十二条の改正規定（「、同法第九百三十七条第一項中「第九百三十条第二項各号」とあるのは「酒税の保全及び酒類業組合等に関する法律第六十七条第二項各号」と」を削る部分に限る。）、同法第三十九条、第五十六条第六項、第五十七条及び第六十七条から第六十九条までの改正規定、同法第七十八条の改正規定（前号に掲げる部分を除く。）並びに同法第八十三条の改正規定、第五十八条及び第六十一条の規定、第六十七条の規定（前号に掲げる改正規定を除く。）、第六十九条中消費生活協同組合法第八十一条から第八十三条まで及び第九十条第四項の改正規定並びに同法第九十二条の改正規定（前号に掲げる部分を除く。）、第七十一条中医療法第四十六条の三の六及び第七十条の二十一第六項の改正規定並びに同法第九十三条の改正規定（同条第四号中「第五十一条の三」を「第五十一条の三第一項」に改める部分を除く。）、第七十七条の規定、第八十条中農村負債整理組合法第二十四条第一項の改正規定（「第十七条（第三項ヲ除ク）」を「第十七条」に改める部分に限る。）、第八十一条中農業協同組合法第三十六条第七項の改正規定、同法第四十三条の六の次に一条を加える改正規定、同法第四十三条の七第三項の改正規定及び同法第百一条第一項第四十号の次に一号を加える改正規定、第八十三条中水産業協同組合法第四十条第七項の改正規定、同法第四十七条の五の次に一条を加える改正規定、同法第八十六条第二項の改正規定及び同法第百三十条第一項第三十八号の次に一号を加える改正規定、第八十五条中漁船損害等補償法第七十一条から第七十三条までの改正規定及び同法第八十三条の改正規定（前号に掲げる部分を除く。）、第八十七条中森林組合法第五十条第七項の改正規定、同法第六十条の三の次に一条を加える改正規定、同法第六十条の四第三項及び第百条第二項の改正規定並びに同法第百二十二条第一項第十二号の次に一号を加える改正規定、第八十九条中農林中央金庫及び特定農水産業協同組合等による信用事業の再編及び強化に関する法律第二十二条第二項の改正規定、第九十条中農林中央金庫法第四十六条の三の次に一条を加える改正規定、同法第四十七条第三項の改正規定及び同法第百条第一項第十六号の次に一号を加える改正規定、第九十三条中中小企業等協同組合法の目次の改正規定、同法第四章第二節第一款及び第二款の款名を削る改正規定、同法第九十三条から第九十五条まで、第九十六条第四項及び第九十七条第一項の改正規定並びに同法第百三条の改正規定（「、第四十八条」を「、第五十一条」に、「並びに第百三十二条」を「、第百三十二条から第百三十七条まで並びに第百三十九条」に改める部分及び「、同法第四十八条第二項中「会社法第九百三十条第二項各号」とあるのは「中小企業等協同組合法第九十三条第二項各号」と」を削る部分に限る。）、第九十六条の規定（同条中商品先物取引法第十八条第二項の改正規定、同法第二十九条の改正規定（前号に掲げる部分に限る。）並びに同法第五十八条、第七十七条第二項及び第百四十四条の十一第二項の改正規定を除く。）、第九十八条中輸出入取引法第十九条第一項の改正規定（「第八項」の下に「、第三十八条の六」を加える部分を除く。）、第百条の規定（同条中中小企業団体の組織に関する法律第百十三条第一項第十三号の改正規定を除く。）、第百二条中技術研究組合法の目次の改正規定、同法第八章第二節の節名の改正規定、同章第三節、第百五十九条第三項から第五項まで及び第百六十条第一項の改正規定並びに同法第百六十八条の改正規定（「、第四十八条」を「、第五十一条」に、「並びに第百三十二条」を「、第百三十二条から第百三十七条まで並びに第百三十九条」に改め、「第四十八条第二項中「会社法第九百三十条第二項各号」とあるのは「技術研究組合法第百五十六条第二項各号」と、同法第五十条第一項、」を削る部分に限る。）、第百七条の規定（前号に掲げる改正規定を除く。）並びに第百十一条の規定（前号に掲げる改正規定を除く。） 会社法改正法附則第一条ただし書に規定する規定の施行の日
suppl-5011-71/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5011-71/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5011-71/par-1/item-3
the provision in Article 1 revising Article 4 of the Act on the Registration of Foreign Juridical Persons and the Registration of Prenuptial Property Agreements (limited to the part replacing "and Article 132" with ", Article 132 through Article 137 and Article 139"), the provisions of Articles 3 through 5, the provisions in Article 6 revising Articles 7-2, 11-2, 15, 17 and 18 of the Commercial Registration Act, the provision deleting the caption preceding Article 48 of that Act, the provisions revising that Article through Article 50 of that Act and Article 82, paragraphs (2) and (3) of that Act, the provision revising paragraph (4) of that Article (limited to the part deleting "at the location of the head office"), the provisions revising Article 87, paragraphs (1) and (2) and Article 91, paragraph (1) of that Act, the provision revising paragraph (2) of that Article (limited to the part deleting "at the location of the head office"), and the provisions revising Articles 95, 111, 118 and 138 of that Act, the provision in Article 9 revising Article 151, paragraph (2), item (i) of the Act on Book-Entry Transfer of Corporate Bonds and Shares, the provision revising Article 155, paragraph (1) of that Act (limited to the part adding "and Article 159-2, paragraph (2), item (iv)" after "(hereinafter in this Article"), the provision adding one Article after Article 159 of that Act, the provision adding the following after the row for Article 159, paragraph (3), item (i) in the table in Article 228, paragraph (2) of that Act, the provision revising Article 235, paragraph (1) of that Act (limited to the part adding ", Article 159-2, paragraph (2), item (iv)" after "through"), the provision adding the following after the row for Article 159, paragraph (1) in the table in paragraph (2) of that Article, and the provision adding the following to the table in Article 239, paragraph (2) of that Act, the provisions of Article 10, paragraphs (2) through (23), the provision in Article 11 deleting the second sentence of Article 261, paragraph (1) of the Corporate Reorganization Act, the provision in Article 14 revising Article 46 of the Act on Arrangement of Relevant Acts Incidental to Enforcement of the Companies Act, the provision in Article 15 revising the table of contents of the Act on General Incorporated Associations and General Incorporated Foundations (limited to the part replacing "Registration at the Location of Secondary Offices (Article 312 to Article 314)" with "Deleted"), the provision adding five Articles after Article 47 of that Act, the provision adding one item after Article 301, paragraph (2), item (iv) of that Act, the provisions revising Chapter VI, Section 4, Subsection 3, Article 315 and Article 329 of that Act, the provision revising Article 330 of that Act (limited to the part replacing "Article 49 through Article 52" with "Article 51, Article 52" and "and Article 132" with ", Article 132 through Article 137 and Article 139", and deleting ", 'branch office' is deemed to be replaced with 'secondary office'"), and the provision adding one item after Article 342, item (x) of that Act, the provision in Article 17 revising Article 247 of the Trust Act (limited to the part deleting "(excluding paragraph (3)), Article 18"), the provisions of Article 18 (excluding the revising provision set forth in the preceding item), the provisions of Articles 22 and 23, the provision in Article 25 revising Article 89-3 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act, the provision deleting Article 89-4, paragraph (2) of that Act, the provision revising Article 90 of that Act (excluding the part adding "Article 19-3, Article 21 through" after "Article 17 through" and replacing "items (xv) and (xvi)" with "items (xiv) and (xv)", the part deleting "and Article 20, paragraph (3)", and the part replacing "is deemed to be replaced" with ", 'Commercial Registration Act (' in Article 146-2 of that Act is deemed to be replaced with 'Commercial Registration Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 90 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (Act No. 25 of 1948) (', and 'Article 145 of the Commercial Registration Act' is deemed to be replaced with 'Article 145 of the Commercial Registration Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 90 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act'"), the provisions revising Article 100-4, Article 101-20, paragraph (1), Article 102, paragraph (1) and Article 102-10 of that Act, the provision revising Article 102-11 of that Act (excluding the part adding "Article 19-3, Article 21 through" after "Article 17 through" and replacing "items (xv) and (xvi)" with "items (xiv) and (xv)", the part deleting "and Article 20, paragraph (3)", and the part replacing "is deemed to be replaced" with ", 'Commercial Registration Act (' in Article 146-2 of that Act is deemed to be replaced with 'Commercial Registration Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 102-11 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (Act No. 25 of 1948) (', and 'Article 145 of the Commercial Registration Act' is deemed to be replaced with 'Article 145 of the Commercial Registration Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 102-11 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act'"), and the provisions revising Article 145, paragraph (1) and Article 146 of that Act, the provisions in Article 27 revising Article 23 through Article 24-2 of the Act on Non-Life Insurance Rating Organization of Japan and the provision revising Article 25 of that Act (excluding the part replacing "Article 23-2," with "Article 19-3 (Method of Application for Registration, Documents to Be Attached to a Written Application, Electronic or Magnetic Records to Be Attached to a Written Application, Special Provisions on Attached Documents), Article 21 through" and "items (xv) and (xvi)" with "item (xiv)"), the provision in Article 32 revising Article 94, paragraph (1) of the Act on Investment Trusts and Investment Corporations (excluding the part adding "through paragraph (6)" after "the main clause of Article 305, paragraph (1) and paragraph (4)"), the provision revising Article 164, paragraph (4) of that Act, the provision adding one item after Article 166, paragraph (2), item (viii) of that Act, the provision revising Article 177 of that Act (excluding the part deleting ", Article 20, paragraphs (1) and (2)" and the part deleting ", 'or Article 30, paragraph (2) or' in Article 24, item (vii) of that Act is deemed to be replaced with 'or'" and adding ", 'Commercial Registration Act (' in Article 146-2 of that Act is deemed to be replaced with 'Commercial Registration Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 177 of the Act on Investment Trusts and Investment Corporations (Act No. 198 of 1951) (', and 'Article 145 of the Commercial Registration Act' is deemed to be replaced with 'Article 145 of the Commercial Registration Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 177 of the Act on Investment Trusts and Investment Corporations'" after "'Article 175'"), and the provision adding one item after Article 249, item (xix) of that Act, the provision in Article 34 revising the table of contents of the Shinkin Bank Act (limited to the part replacing "Article 48-8" with "Article 48-13"), the provision revising Article 46, paragraph (1) of that Act, the provision in Chapter IV, Section 7 of that Act adding five Articles after Article 48-8, the provisions revising Article 65, paragraph (2), Article 74 through Article 76 and Article 77, paragraph (4) of that Act, the provision revising Article 85 of that Act (excluding the part set forth in the preceding item), the provision revising Article 87-4, paragraph (4) of that Act, and the provision adding one item after Article 91, paragraph (1), item (xii) of that Act, the provisions in Article 36 revising Article 78 through Article 80 and Article 81, paragraph (4) of the Labor Bank Act, and the provision revising Article 89 of that Act (excluding the part set forth in the preceding item), the provision in Article 38 revising Article 64, paragraph (1) of the Act on Merger and Conversion of Financial Institutions, the provisions of Article 40 (excluding the provisions in that Article revising Article 14, paragraph (2) and Article 22, paragraph (5), item (iii) of the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institution), the provision in Article 41 revising Article 41, paragraph (1) of the Insurance Business Act, the provision revising Article 49, paragraph (1) of that Act (excluding the part replacing "in the provisions" with "in the provisions (excluding Article 298 (excluding paragraph (1), items (iii) and (iv)), Article 311, paragraph (4) and paragraph (5), items (i) and (ii), Article 312, paragraph (5) and paragraph (6), items (i) and (ii), Article 314, Article 318, paragraph (4), Article 325-2 and Article 325-5, paragraph (2) of that Act), 'shareholders' is deemed to be replaced with 'representatives', and in those provisions (excluding Article 299, paragraph (1) and Article 325-3, paragraph (1), item (v) of that Act)", deleting "' and 'company with board of directors'", adding "in those provisions" after "'mutual company', ", deleting ", 'shareholders' in those provisions (excluding Article 298, paragraph (1) (excluding its items) and paragraph (4), Article 311, paragraph (4), Article 312, paragraph (5), Article 314 and Article 318, paragraph (4) of that Act) is deemed to be replaced with 'representatives'", replacing "excluding its items) and paragraph (4)," with "excluding items (iii) and (iv)), 'paragraph (4) of the preceding Article' is deemed to be replaced with 'Article 45, paragraph (2) of the Insurance Business Act', 'shareholders' with 'members or representatives', and 'the main clause of the following paragraph and the following Article through Article 302' with 'the following Article and Article 300', and in paragraph (4) of that Article, 'company with board of directors' is deemed to be replaced with 'mutual company',", replacing "Article 311, paragraph (4) and Article 312, paragraph (5)" with "Article 311, paragraph (1), 'in the voting form' is deemed to be replaced with 'in the voting form (meaning the voting form prescribed in Article 48, paragraph (3) of the Insurance Business Act; the same applies hereinafter)', and in paragraph (4) and paragraph (5), items (i) and (ii) of that Article and Article 312, paragraph (5) and paragraph (6), items (i) and (ii) of that Act", and deleting "jointly"), the provisions revising Article 64, paragraphs (2) and (3) of that Act, the provision revising Article 67 of that Act (limited to the part replacing ", Article 48" with ", Article 51", deleting "Registration at the Location of a Branch Office,", and replacing "Registration) and" with "Registration),", "Article 148" with "Article 137", and "Ex Officio Cancellation," with "Ex Officio Cancellation) and Article 139 through Article 148 (", and the part replacing "in the provisions of Article 48 through Article 53, 'head office' is deemed to be replaced with 'principal office', and 'branch office' with 'secondary office'" with "in Article 47, paragraph (3), 'the preceding paragraph' is deemed to be replaced with 'Article 64, paragraph (1) of the Insurance Business Act', in Article 55, paragraph (1) of that Act, 'Article 346, paragraph (4) of the Companies Act' is deemed to be replaced with 'Article 53-12, paragraph (4) of the Insurance Business Act', in Article 146-2 of that Act, 'Commercial Registration Act (' is deemed to be replaced with 'Commercial Registration Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 67 of the Insurance Business Act (Act No. 105 of 1995) (', and 'Article 145 of the Commercial Registration Act' with 'Article 145 of the Commercial Registration Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 67 of the Insurance Business Act', and in Article 148 of that Act, 'under this Act' is deemed to be replaced with 'under the Insurance Business Act', and 'the enforcement of this Act' with 'registration concerning mutual companies'"), the provisions revising Article 84, paragraph (1) and Article 96-14, paragraphs (1) and (2) of that Act, the provision revising Article 96-16, paragraph (4) of that Act (limited to the part replacing "並びに" (and, joining larger groups) with "及び" (and) and deleting "and paragraph (4)"), the provision deleting Article 169-5, paragraph (3) of that Act, the provisions revising Article 171 and Article 183, paragraph (2) of that Act, the provision revising Article 216 of that Act (excluding the part deleting ", Article 20, paragraphs (1) and (2) (Submission of Seal Impression)" and replacing "items (xi) and (xii)" with "items (x) and (xi)", and the part adding ", 'Corporate Reorganization Act (Act No. 154 of 2002)' in Article 12, paragraph (1), item (v) of that Act is deemed to be replaced with 'Act on Special Measures for the Reorganization Proceedings of Financial Institutions'" after "in"), and the provision adding one item after Article 333, paragraph (1), item (xvii) of that Act, the provision in Article 43 deleting the second sentence of Article 162, paragraph (1) of the Act on Special Measures for the Reorganization Proceedings of Financial Institutions, and the provision deleting the second sentences of Article 335, paragraph (1) and Article 355, paragraph (1) of that Act, the provision in Article 45 adding one item after Article 22, paragraph (2), item (vii) of the Act on the Securitization of Assets, the provision deleting paragraph (4) of that Article, the provision revising Article 65, paragraph (3) of that Act, the provision revising Article 183, paragraph (1) of that Act (excluding the part replacing "Article 27" with "Article 19-3" and ", Submission of Seal Impression," with "), Article 21 through Article 27 (", the part deleting ", 'documents or the written consent of the assignor prescribed in Article 30, paragraph (2) or Article 31, paragraph (2)' in Article 24, item (vii) of that Act is deemed to be replaced with 'documents'", and the part adding ", 'Commercial Registration Act (' in Article 146-2 of that Act is deemed to be replaced with 'Commercial Registration Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 183, paragraph (1) of the Act on the Securitization of Assets (Act No. 105 of 1998) (', and 'Article 145 of the Commercial Registration Act' is deemed to be replaced with 'Article 145 of the Commercial Registration Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 183, paragraph (1) of the Act on the Securitization of Assets'" after "'Article 507, paragraph (3) of the Companies Act as applied mutatis mutandis'"), and the provision adding one item after Article 316, paragraph (1), item (xvii) of that Act, the provisions of Article 48, the provision in Article 50 revising Article 15-3 of the Act on Granting Juridical Personality to Political Parties Receiving Political Party Grants (limited to the part deleting "(excluding paragraph (3))"), the provisions of Articles 52, 53 and 55, the provision in Article 56 revising Article 22 of the Act on Securing of Liquor Tax and on Liquor Business Associations (limited to the part deleting ", 'the items of Article 930, paragraph (2)' in Article 937, paragraph (1) of that Act is deemed to be replaced with 'the items of Article 67, paragraph (2) of the Act on Securing of Liquor Tax and on Liquor Business Associations'"), the provisions revising Article 39, Article 56, paragraph (6), Article 57 and Article 67 through Article 69 of that Act, the provision revising Article 78 of that Act (excluding the part set forth in the preceding item), and the provision revising Article 83 of that Act, the provisions of Articles 58 and 61, the provisions of Article 67 (excluding the revising provision set forth in the preceding item), the provisions in Article 69 revising Article 81 through Article 83 and Article 90, paragraph (4) of the Consumer Cooperatives Act, and the provision revising Article 92 of that Act (excluding the part set forth in the preceding item), the provisions in Article 71 revising Article 46-3-6 and Article 70-21, paragraph (6) of the Medical Care Act, and the provision revising Article 93 of that Act (excluding the part replacing "Article 51-3" with "Article 51-3, paragraph (1)" in item (iv) of that Article), the provisions of Article 77, the provision in Article 80 revising Article 24, paragraph (1) of the Act on Partnership for Debt Settlement of Farmers, etc. (limited to the part replacing "Article 17 (excluding paragraph (3))" with "Article 17"), the provision in Article 81 revising Article 36, paragraph (7) of the Agricultural Co-operatives Act, the provision adding one Article after Article 43-6 of that Act, the provision revising Article 43-7, paragraph (3) of that Act, and the provision adding one item after Article 101, paragraph (1), item (xl) of that Act, the provision in Article 83 revising Article 40, paragraph (7) of the Fishery Industry Cooperative Act, the provision adding one Article after Article 47-5 of that Act, the provision revising Article 86, paragraph (2) of that Act, and the provision adding one item after Article 130, paragraph (1), item (xxxviii) of that Act, the provisions in Article 85 revising Article 71 through Article 73 of the Act on Compensation of Damages Related to Fishing Vessels, and the provision revising Article 83 of that Act (excluding the part set forth in the preceding item), the provision in Article 87 revising Article 50, paragraph (7) of the Forestry Cooperative Act, the provision adding one Article after Article 60-3 of that Act, the provisions revising Article 60-4, paragraph (3) and Article 100, paragraph (2) of that Act, and the provision adding one item after Article 122, paragraph (1), item (xii) of that Act, the provision in Article 89 revising Article 22, paragraph (2) of the Act on Reorganization and Strengthening of Credit Business by the Norinchukin Bank and Specified Agricultural and Fishery Cooperatives, etc., the provision in Article 90 adding one Article after Article 46-3 of the Norinchukin Bank Act, the provision revising Article 47, paragraph (3) of that Act, and the provision adding one item after Article 100, paragraph (1), item (xvi) of that Act, the provision in Article 93 revising the table of contents of the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Cooperatives Act, the provision deleting the titles of Chapter IV, Section 2, Subsections 1 and 2 of that Act, the provisions revising Article 93 through Article 95, Article 96, paragraph (4) and Article 97, paragraph (1) of that Act, and the provision revising Article 103 of that Act (limited to the part replacing ", Article 48" with ", Article 51" and "and Article 132" with ", Article 132 through Article 137 and Article 139", and the part deleting ", in Article 48, paragraph (2) of that Act, 'the items of Article 930, paragraph (2) of the Companies Act' is deemed to be replaced with 'the items of Article 93, paragraph (2) of the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Cooperatives Act'"), the provisions of Article 96 (excluding the provision in that Article revising Article 18, paragraph (2) of the Commodity Derivatives Transaction Act, the provision revising Article 29 of that Act (limited to the part set forth in the preceding item), and the provisions revising Article 58, Article 77, paragraph (2) and Article 144-11, paragraph (2) of that Act), the provision in Article 98 revising Article 19, paragraph (1) of the Export and Import Transaction Act (excluding the part adding ", Article 38-6" after "paragraph (8)"), the provisions of Article 100 (excluding the provision in that Article revising Article 113, paragraph (1), item (xiii) of the Act on the Organization of Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Association), the provision in Article 102 revising the table of contents of the Research and Development Partnerships Act, the provision revising the title of Chapter VIII, Section 2 of that Act, the provisions revising Section 3 of that Chapter, Article 159, paragraphs (3) through (5) and Article 160, paragraph (1) of that Act, and the provision revising Article 168 of that Act (limited to the part replacing ", Article 48" with ", Article 51" and "and Article 132" with ", Article 132 through Article 137 and Article 139", and deleting "in Article 48, paragraph (2), 'the items of Article 930, paragraph (2) of the Companies Act' is deemed to be replaced with 'the items of Article 156, paragraph (2) of the Research and Development Partnerships Act', Article 50, paragraph (1) of that Act,"), the provisions of Article 107 (excluding the revising provision set forth in the preceding item), and the provisions of Article 111 (excluding the revising provision set forth in the preceding item): the date on which the provisions prescribed in the proviso to Article 1 of the Supplementary Provisions of the Companies Act Amendment Act come into effect.
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## 附 則 令和三年四月二八日法律第二四号
suppl-5031-24 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-24 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-24
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-5031-24/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-24/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-24/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して二年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。ただし、次の各号に掲げる規定は、当該各号に定める日から施行する。
suppl-5031-24/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-24/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-24/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding 2 years from the date of promulgation; provided, however, that the provisions set forth in the following items come into effect as of the dates specified respectively in those items.
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**一** 第二条中不動産登記法第百三十一条第五項の改正規定及び附則第三十四条の規定 公布の日
suppl-5031-24/art-1/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-24/art-1/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-24/art-1/par-1/item-1
the provision in Article 2 revising Article 131, paragraph (5) of the Real Property Registration Act, and the provisions of Article 34 of the Supplementary Provisions: the date of promulgation.
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### 第二条（相続財産の保存に必要な処分に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Dispositions Necessary for the Preservation of an Estate
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suppl-5031-24/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-24/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-24/art-2
**第一項** この法律の施行の日（以下「施行日」という。）前に第一条の規定による改正前の民法（以下「旧民法」という。）第九百十八条第二項（旧民法第九百二十六条第二項（旧民法第九百三十六条第三項において準用する場合を含む。）及び第九百四十条第二項において準用する場合を含む。次項において同じ。）の規定によりされた相続財産の保存に必要な処分は、施行日以後は、第一条の規定による改正後の民法（以下「新民法」という。）第八百九十七条の二の規定によりされた相続財産の保存に必要な処分とみなす。
suppl-5031-24/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-24/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-24/art-2/par-1
A disposition necessary for the preservation of an estate that was made, before the day on which this Act comes into effect (hereinafter referred to as the "Effective Date"), pursuant to the provisions of Article 918, paragraph (2) of the Civil Code before its amendment by the provisions of Article 1 (hereinafter referred to as the "Former Civil Code") (including the case where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 926, paragraph (2) of the Former Civil Code (including the case where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 936, paragraph (3) of the Former Civil Code) and Article 940, paragraph (2) of the Former Civil Code; the same applies in the following paragraph) is deemed, on or after the Effective Date, to be a disposition necessary for the preservation of an estate made pursuant to the provisions of Article 897-2 of the Civil Code as amended by the provisions of Article 1 (hereinafter referred to as the "New Civil Code").
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**第二項** 施行日前に旧民法第九百十八条第二項の規定によりされた相続財産の保存に必要な処分の請求（施行日前に当該請求に係る審判が確定したものを除く。）は、施行日以後は、新民法第八百九十七条の二の規定によりされた相続財産の保存に必要な処分の請求とみなす。
suppl-5031-24/art-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-24/art-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-24/art-2/par-2
A request for a disposition necessary for the preservation of an estate that was made before the Effective Date pursuant to the provisions of Article 918, paragraph (2) of the Former Civil Code (excluding a request for which the decision relating to that request became final and binding before the Effective Date) is deemed, on or after the Effective Date, to be a request for a disposition necessary for the preservation of an estate made pursuant to the provisions of Article 897-2 of the New Civil Code.
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### 第三条（遺産の分割に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning the Division of the Estate
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suppl-5031-24/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-24/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-24/art-3
**第一項** 新民法第九百四条の三及び第九百八条第二項から第五項までの規定は、施行日前に相続が開始した遺産の分割についても、適用する。この場合において、新民法第九百四条の三第一号中「相続開始の時から十年を経過する前」とあるのは「相続開始の時から十年を経過する時又は民法等の一部を改正する法律（令和三年法律第二十四号）の施行の時から五年を経過する時のいずれか遅い時まで」と、同条第二号中「十年の期間」とあるのは「十年の期間（相続開始の時から始まる十年の期間の満了後に民法等の一部を改正する法律の施行の時から始まる五年の期間が満了する場合にあっては、同法の施行の時から始まる五年の期間）」と、新民法第九百八条第二項ただし書、第三項ただし書、第四項ただし書及び第五項ただし書中「相続開始の時から十年」とあるのは「相続開始の時から十年を経過する時又は民法等の一部を改正する法律の施行の時から五年を経過する時のいずれか遅い時」とする。
suppl-5031-24/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-24/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-24/art-3/par-1
The provisions of Article 904-3 and Article 908, paragraphs (2) through (5) of the New Civil Code also apply to the division of an estate for which succession commenced before the Effective Date. In this case, the phrase "before ten years have elapsed from the time the succession opened" in item (i) of Article 904-3 of the New Civil Code is deemed to be replaced with "until the later of the time when ten years have elapsed from the time the succession opened and the time when five years have elapsed from the time of enforcement of the Act Partially Amending the Civil Code, etc. (Act No. 24 of 2021)", the phrase "the ten-year period" in item (ii) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "the ten-year period (in the case where the five-year period starting from the time of enforcement of the Act Partially Amending the Civil Code, etc. expires after the expiration of the ten-year period starting from the time the succession opened, the five-year period starting from the time of enforcement of that Act)", and the phrase "ten years from the time the succession opened" in the proviso to Article 908, paragraph (2), the proviso to paragraph (3), the proviso to paragraph (4), and the proviso to paragraph (5) of the New Civil Code is deemed to be replaced with "the later of the time when ten years have elapsed from the time the succession opened and the time when five years have elapsed from the time of enforcement of the Act Partially Amending the Civil Code, etc.".
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### 第四条（相続財産の清算に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Liquidation of the Estate
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suppl-5031-24/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-24/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-24/art-4
**第一項** 施行日前に旧民法第九百三十六条第一項の規定により選任された相続財産の管理人は、施行日以後は、新民法第九百三十六条第一項の規定により選任された相続財産の清算人とみなす。
suppl-5031-24/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-24/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-24/art-4/par-1
An administrator to the estate appointed pursuant to the provisions of Article 936, paragraph (1) of the Former Civil Code before the Effective Date is deemed, on or after the Effective Date, to be a liquidator of the estate appointed pursuant to the provisions of Article 936, paragraph (1) of the New Civil Code.
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**第二項** 施行日前に旧民法第九百五十二条第一項の規定により選任された相続財産の管理人は、新民法第九百四十条第一項及び第九百五十三条から第九百五十六条までの規定の適用については、新民法第九百五十二条第一項の規定により選任された相続財産の清算人とみなす。
suppl-5031-24/art-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-24/art-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-24/art-4/par-2
An administrator to the estate appointed pursuant to the provisions of Article 952, paragraph (1) of the Former Civil Code before the Effective Date is deemed, for the purpose of the application of Article 940, paragraph (1) and Articles 953 through 956 of the New Civil Code, to be a liquidator of the estate appointed pursuant to the provisions of Article 952, paragraph (1) of the New Civil Code.
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**第三項** 施行日前に旧民法第九百五十二条第一項の規定によりされた相続財産の管理人の選任の請求（施行日前に当該請求に係る審判が確定したものを除く。）は、施行日以後は、新民法第九百五十二条第一項の規定によりされた相続財産の清算人の選任の請求とみなす。
suppl-5031-24/art-4/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-24/art-4/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-24/art-4/par-3
A request for the appointment of an administrator to the estate made pursuant to the provisions of Article 952, paragraph (1) of the Former Civil Code before the Effective Date (excluding one for which the adjudication relating to that request became final and binding before the Effective Date) is deemed, on or after the Effective Date, to be a request for the appointment of a liquidator of the estate made pursuant to the provisions of Article 952, paragraph (1) of the New Civil Code.
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**第四項** 施行日前に旧民法第九百五十二条第一項の規定により相続財産の管理人が選任された場合における当該相続財産の管理人の選任の公告、相続債権者及び受遺者に対する請求の申出をすべき旨の公告及び催告、相続債権者及び受遺者に対する弁済並びにその弁済のための相続財産の換価、相続債権者及び受遺者の換価手続への参加、不当な弁済をした相続財産の管理人の責任、相続人の捜索の公告、公告期間内に申出をしなかった相続債権者及び受遺者の権利並びに相続人としての権利を主張する者がない場合における相続人、相続債権者及び受遺者の権利については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-5031-24/art-4/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-24/art-4/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-24/art-4/par-4
With regard to the public notice of the appointment of an administrator to the estate, the public notice and demand to the effect that creditors of the succession and legatees are to file their claims, the payment to creditors of the succession and legatees and the realization of the estate for that payment, the participation of creditors of the succession and legatees in the realization process, the liability of an administrator to the estate who made an improper payment, the public notice searching for heirs, the rights of creditors of the succession and legatees who did not file their claims within the public notice period, and the rights of heirs, creditors of the succession and legatees in the case where there is no person asserting rights as an heir, in the case where an administrator to the estate was appointed pursuant to the provisions of Article 952, paragraph (1) of the Former Civil Code before the Effective Date, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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**第五項** 施行日前に旧民法第九百五十二条第一項の規定により相続財産の管理人が選任された場合における特別縁故者に対する相続財産の分与については、新民法第九百五十八条の二第二項の規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
suppl-5031-24/art-4/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-24/art-4/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-24/art-4/par-5
With regard to the distribution of the estate to a person with a special connection to the decedent in the case where an administrator to the estate was appointed pursuant to the provisions of Article 952, paragraph (1) of the Former Civil Code before the Effective Date, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 958-2, paragraph (2) of the New Civil Code, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第三十四条（その他の経過措置の政令等への委任） — Delegation of Other Transitional Measures to Cabinet Order, etc.
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suppl-5031-24/art-34 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-24/art-34 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-24/art-34
**第一項** この附則に定めるもののほか、この法律の施行に関し必要な経過措置は、政令で定める。
suppl-5031-24/art-34/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-24/art-34/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-24/art-34/par-1
Beyond what is provided for in these Supplementary Provisions, transitional measures necessary for the enforcement of this Act are specified by Cabinet Order.
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## 附 則 令和三年五月一九日法律第三七号
suppl-5031-37 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-37 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-37
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-5031-37/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-37/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-37/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、令和三年九月一日から施行する。ただし、次の各号に掲げる規定は、当該各号に定める日から施行する。
suppl-5031-37/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-37/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-37/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect on September 1, 2021; provided, however, that the provisions set forth in the following items come into effect on the dates specified in those items:
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**一** 第二十七条（住民基本台帳法別表第一から別表第五までの改正規定に限る。）、第四十五条、第四十七条及び第五十五条（行政手続における特定の個人を識別するための番号の利用等に関する法律別表第一及び別表第二の改正規定（同表の二十七の項の改正規定を除く。）に限る。）並びに附則第八条第一項、第五十九条から第六十三条まで、第六十七条及び第七十一条から第七十三条までの規定 公布の日
suppl-5031-37/art-1/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-37/art-1/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-37/art-1/par-1/item-1
the provisions of Article 27 (limited to the provision amending Appended Tables 1 through 5 of the Residential Basic Book Act), Article 45, Article 47 and Article 55 (limited to the provision amending Appended Table 1 and Appended Table 2 of the Act on the Use of Numbers to Identify a Specific Individual in Administrative Procedures (excluding the provision amending row 27 of that Table)), and the provisions of Article 8, paragraph (1), Articles 59 through 63, Article 67 and Articles 71 through 73 of the Supplementary Provisions: the date of promulgation;
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**二及び三** 略
suppl-5031-37/art-1/par-1/item-2-to-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-37/art-1/par-1/item-2-to-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-37/art-1/par-1/item-2-to-3
Omitted
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**四** 第十七条、第三十五条、第四十四条、第五十条及び第五十八条並びに次条、附則第三条、第五条、第六条、第七条（第三項を除く。）、第十三条、第十四条、第十八条（戸籍法第百二十九条の改正規定（「戸籍の」の下に「正本及び」を加える部分を除く。）に限る。）、第十九条から第二十一条まで、第二十三条、第二十四条、第二十七条、第二十九条（住民基本台帳法第三十条の十五第三項の改正規定を除く。）、第三十条、第三十一条、第三十三条から第三十五条まで、第四十条、第四十二条、第四十四条から第四十六条まで、第四十八条、第五十条から第五十二条まで、第五十三条（行政手続における特定の個人を識別するための番号の利用等に関する法律第四十五条の二第一項、第五項、第六項及び第九項の改正規定並びに同法第五十二条の三の改正規定を除く。）、第五十五条（がん登録等の推進に関する法律（平成二十五年法律第百十一号）第三十五条の改正規定（「（条例を含む。）」を削る部分に限る。）を除く。）、第五十六条、第五十八条、第六十四条、第六十五条、第六十八条及び第六十九条の規定 公布の日から起算して一年を超えない範囲内において、各規定につき、政令で定める日
suppl-5031-37/art-1/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-37/art-1/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-37/art-1/par-1/item-4
the provisions of Article 17, Article 35, Article 44, Article 50 and Article 58, and the following Article, and Article 3, Article 5, Article 6, Article 7 (excluding paragraph (3)), Article 13, Article 14, Article 18 (limited to the provisions amending Article 129 of the Family Register Act (excluding the part inserting "the original and" after "of the family register")), Articles 19 through 21, Article 23, Article 24, Article 27, Article 29 (excluding the provisions amending Article 30-15, paragraph (3) of the Residential Basic Book Act), Article 30, Article 31, Articles 33 through 35, Article 40, Article 42, Articles 44 through 46, Article 48, Articles 50 through 52, Article 53 (excluding the provisions amending Article 45-2, paragraphs (1), (5), (6) and (9) of the Act on the Use of Numbers to Identify a Specific Individual in Administrative Procedures and the provisions amending Article 52-3 of that Act), Article 55 (excluding the provisions amending Article 35 of the Act on Promotion of Cancer Registration, etc. (Act No. 111 of 2013) (limited to the part deleting "(including ordinances)")), Article 56, Article 58, Article 64, Article 65, Article 68 and Article 69 of the Supplementary Provisions: the date specified by Cabinet Order for each provision within a period not exceeding one year from the date of promulgation.
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### 第二条（行政機関の保有する個人情報の保護に関する法律及び独立行政法人等の保有する個人情報の保護に関する法律の廃止） — Repeal of the Act on the Protection of Personal Information Held by Administrative Organs and the Act on the Protection of Personal Information Held by Incorporated Administrative Agencies, etc.
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suppl-5031-37/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-37/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-37/art-2
**第一項** 次に掲げる法律は、廃止する。
suppl-5031-37/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-37/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-37/art-2/par-1
The following Acts are repealed:
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**一** 行政機関の保有する個人情報の保護に関する法律（平成十五年法律第五十八号）
suppl-5031-37/art-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-37/art-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-37/art-2/par-1/item-1
the Act on the Protection of Personal Information Held by Administrative Organs (Act No. 58 of 2003);
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**二** 独立行政法人等の保有する個人情報の保護に関する法律（平成十五年法律第五十九号）
suppl-5031-37/art-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-37/art-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-37/art-2/par-1/item-2
the Act on the Protection of Personal Information Held by Incorporated Administrative Agencies, etc. (Act No. 59 of 2003).
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### 第四条（第一条の規定の施行に伴う経過措置） — Transitional Measures Accompanying the Enforcement of the Provisions of Article 1
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suppl-5031-37/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-37/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-37/art-4
**第一項** 第一条の規定による改正後の民法（次項において「新民法」という。）第四百八十六条第二項の規定は、施行日以後にされる同項の規定による受取証書の内容を記録した電磁的記録の提供の請求について適用する。
suppl-5031-37/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-37/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-37/art-4/par-1
The provisions of Article 486, paragraph (2) of the Civil Code as amended by the provisions of Article 1 (referred to as the "New Civil Code" in the following paragraph) apply to a request, made on or after the Effective Date, for the provision of an electronic or magnetic record that records the content of a receipt under the provisions of that paragraph.
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**第二項** 新民法第九百八十四条後段の規定は、施行日以後にされる同条前段の規定による公正証書遺言又は秘密証書遺言について適用し、施行日前にされた第一条の規定による改正前の民法第九百八十四条の規定による公正証書遺言又は秘密証書遺言については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-5031-37/art-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-37/art-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-37/art-4/par-2
The provisions of the second sentence of Article 984 of the New Civil Code apply to a notarial will or sealed and notarized will made on or after the Effective Date under the provisions of the first sentence of that Article, and with regard to a notarial will or sealed and notarized will made before the Effective Date under the provisions of Article 984 of the Civil Code before amendment by the provisions of Article 1, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第七十一条（罰則に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Penal Provisions
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suppl-5031-37/art-71 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-37/art-71 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-37/art-71
**第一項** この法律（附則第一条各号に掲げる規定にあっては、当該規定。以下この条において同じ。）の施行前にした行為及びこの附則の規定によりなお従前の例によることとされる場合におけるこの法律の施行後にした行為に対する罰則の適用については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-5031-37/art-71/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-37/art-71/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-37/art-71/par-1
With regard to the application of penal provisions to acts committed before this Act (or, for the provisions set forth in the items of Article 1 of the Supplementary Provisions, those provisions; the same applies hereinafter in this Article) comes into effect and to acts committed after this Act comes into effect in the cases where the provisions then in force continue to govern pursuant to the provisions of these Supplementary Provisions, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第七十二条（政令への委任） — Delegation to Cabinet Order
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suppl-5031-37/art-72 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-37/art-72 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-37/art-72
**第一項** この附則に定めるもののほか、この法律の施行に関し必要な経過措置（罰則に関する経過措置を含む。）は、政令で定める。
suppl-5031-37/art-72/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-37/art-72/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-37/art-72/par-1
Beyond what is provided for in these Supplementary Provisions, the transitional measures necessary in connection with the enforcement of this Act (including transitional measures concerning penal provisions) are specified by Cabinet Order.
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### 第七十三条（検討） — Review
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suppl-5031-37/art-73 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-37/art-73 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-37/art-73
**第一項** 政府は、行政機関等に係る申請、届出、処分の通知その他の手続において、個人の氏名を平仮名又は片仮名で表記したものを利用して当該個人を識別できるようにするため、個人の氏名を平仮名又は片仮名で表記したものを戸籍の記載事項とすることを含め、この法律の公布後一年以内を目途としてその具体的な方策について検討を加え、その結果に基づいて必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
suppl-5031-37/art-73/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-37/art-73/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-37/art-73/par-1
In order to make it possible to identify an individual by using the individual's name written in hiragana or katakana in applications, notifications, notices of dispositions, and other procedures relating to administrative organs, etc., the Government is to consider specific measures for this, including making an individual's name written in hiragana or katakana a matter to be entered in the family register, aiming to do so within one year after the promulgation of this Act, and is to take necessary measures based on the results.
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## 附 則 令和三年六月一一日法律第六一号
suppl-5031-61 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-61 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-61
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-5031-61/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-61/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-61/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、令和五年四月一日から施行する。
suppl-5031-61/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5031-61/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5031-61/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect on April 1, 2023.
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## 附 則 令和四年六月一七日法律第六八号
suppl-5041-68 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5041-68 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5041-68
**第一項** この法律は、刑法等一部改正法施行日から施行する。ただし、次の各号に掲げる規定は、当該各号に定める日から施行する。
suppl-5041-68/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5041-68/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5041-68/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the effective date of the Act Partially Amending the Penal Code, etc.; provided, however, that the provisions set forth in the following items come into effect as of the days specified in those items.
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**一** 第五百九条の規定 公布の日
suppl-5041-68/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5041-68/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5041-68/par-1/item-1
the provisions of Article 509: the date of promulgation.
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## 附 則 令和四年一二月一六日法律第一〇二号
suppl-5041-102 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5041-102 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5041-102
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-5041-102/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5041-102/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5041-102/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して一年六月を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。ただし、第一条中民法第八百二十二条を削り、同法第八百二十一条を同法第八百二十二条とし、同法第八百二十条の次に一条を加える改正規定並びに第二条及び第四条の規定は、公布の日から施行する。
suppl-5041-102/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5041-102/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5041-102/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding one year and six months from the date of promulgation; provided, however, that the provisions amending the Civil Code in Article 1 that delete Article 822 of the Civil Code, change Article 821 of that Act to Article 822 of that Act, and add one Article after Article 820 of that Act, and the provisions of Articles 2 and 4, come into effect as of the date of promulgation.
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### 第二条（再婚禁止に違反した婚姻の経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Marriages in Violation of the Prohibition on Remarriage
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suppl-5041-102/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5041-102/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5041-102/art-2
**第一項** この法律の施行の日（以下「施行日」という。）より前にされた第一条の規定による改正前の民法第七百三十三条第一項の規定に違反した婚姻についての取消し及び同項の規定に違反して再婚をした女が出産した子に係る父を定めることを目的とする訴えについては、なお従前の例による。
suppl-5041-102/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5041-102/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5041-102/art-2/par-1
With regard to the rescission of a marriage made before the date of enforcement of this Act (hereinafter referred to as the "Effective Date") in violation of Article 733, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code prior to the amendment by the provisions of Article 1, and an action aimed at determining the father of a child born to a woman who remarried in violation of that paragraph, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第三条（嫡出の推定に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning the Presumption of Child in Wedlock
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suppl-5041-102/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5041-102/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5041-102/art-3
**第一項** 第一条の規定による改正後の民法（以下「新民法」という。）第七百七十二条の規定は、施行日以後に生まれる子について適用し、施行日前に生まれた子についての嫡出の推定については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-5041-102/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5041-102/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5041-102/art-3/par-1
The provisions of Article 772 of the Civil Code as amended by the provisions of Article 1 (hereinafter referred to as the "New Civil Code") apply to a child born on or after the Effective Date, and the provisions then in force continue to govern the presumption of child in wedlock for a child born before the Effective Date.
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### 第四条（嫡出の否認及び嫡出の承認に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Rebutting the Presumption of Child in Wedlock and Acknowledgment of Child in Wedlock
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suppl-5041-102/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5041-102/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5041-102/art-4
**第一項** 新民法第七百七十四条第一項（父の否認権に係る部分に限る。）、第七百七十五条第一項（第一号に係る部分に限る。）及び第二項（同条第一項第一号に係る部分に限る。）並びに第七百七十七条（第一号に係る部分に限る。）の規定並びに第五条の規定による改正後の人事訴訟法第四十一条第一項の規定は、施行日以後に生まれる子について適用し、施行日前に生まれた子に対する父による嫡出否認の訴えについては、なお従前の例による。
suppl-5041-102/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5041-102/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5041-102/art-4/par-1
The provisions of Article 774, paragraph (1) of the New Civil Code (limited to the part pertaining to the father's right to rebut the presumption), Article 775, paragraph (1) (limited to the part pertaining to item (i)) and paragraph (2) (limited to the part pertaining to paragraph (1), item (i) of that Article), and Article 777 (limited to the part pertaining to item (i)), and the provisions of Article 41, paragraph (1) of the Personal Status Litigation Act as amended by the provisions of Article 5, apply to a child born on or after the Effective Date, and the provisions then in force continue to govern an action brought by the father against a child born before the Effective Date to rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock.
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**第二項** 新民法第七百七十四条第一項（子の否認権に係る部分に限る。）から第三項まで、第七百七十五条第一項（第二号及び第三号に係る部分に限る。）、第七百七十六条（母に係る部分に限る。）、第七百七十七条（第二号及び第三号に係る部分に限る。以下この項において同じ。）及び第七百七十八条の二第一項の規定、第五条の規定による改正後の人事訴訟法第二十七条第二項の規定並びに第七条の規定による改正後の生殖補助医療の提供等及びこれにより出生した子の親子関係に関する民法の特例に関する法律第十条の規定は、施行日前に生まれた子についても適用する。この場合において、施行日前に生まれた子に係る嫡出否認の訴えに関する新民法第七百七十七条の適用については、同条中「当該各号に定める時から三年以内」とあるのは、「民法等の一部を改正する法律（令和四年法律第百二号）の施行の時から一年を経過する時まで」とする。
suppl-5041-102/art-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5041-102/art-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5041-102/art-4/par-2
The provisions of Article 774, paragraph (1) of the New Civil Code (limited to the part pertaining to the child's right to rebut the presumption) through paragraph (3), Article 775, paragraph (1) (limited to the part pertaining to items (ii) and (iii)), Article 776 (limited to the part pertaining to the mother), Article 777 (limited to the part pertaining to items (ii) and (iii); the same applies below in this paragraph) and Article 778-2, paragraph (1), the provisions of Article 27, paragraph (2) of the Personal Status Litigation Act as amended by the provisions of Article 5, and the provisions of Article 10 of the Act on Special Provisions of the Civil Code Concerning the Provision of Assisted Reproductive Medicine, etc. and the Parent-Child Relationship of Children Born as a Result thereof, as amended by the provisions of Article 7, also apply to a child born before the Effective Date. In this case, with regard to the application of Article 777 of the New Civil Code to an action to rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock concerning a child born before the Effective Date, the phrase "within three years from the time specified in the relevant items" in that Article is deemed to be replaced with "until one year has passed from the time of enforcement of the Act Partially Amending the Civil Code, etc. (Act No. 102 of 2022)".
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**第三項** 新民法第七百七十四条第四項及び第五項、第七百七十五条第一項（第四号に係る部分に限る。）及び第二項（同条第一項第四号に係る部分に限る。）、第七百七十七条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）、第七百七十八条、第七百七十八条の二第二項から第四項まで、第七百七十八条の三並びに第七百七十八条の四の規定は、施行日以後に生まれる子について適用する。
suppl-5041-102/art-4/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5041-102/art-4/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5041-102/art-4/par-3
The provisions of Article 774, paragraphs (4) and (5) of the New Civil Code, Article 775, paragraph (1) (limited to the part pertaining to item (iv)) and paragraph (2) (limited to the part pertaining to paragraph (1), item (iv) of that Article), Article 777 (limited to the part pertaining to item (iv)), Article 778, Article 778-2, paragraphs (2) through (4), Article 778-3 and Article 778-4 apply to a child born on or after the Effective Date.
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### 第五条（胎児の認知及び認知の無効に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Acknowledgment of Parentage of an Unborn Child and Invalidity of Acknowledgment of Parentage
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suppl-5041-102/art-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5041-102/art-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5041-102/art-5
**第一項** 新民法第七百八十三条第二項の規定は、施行日以後に生まれる子について適用する。
suppl-5041-102/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5041-102/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5041-102/art-5/par-1
The provisions of Article 783, paragraph (2) of the New Civil Code apply to a child born on or after the Effective Date.
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**第二項** 新民法第七百八十六条の規定は、施行日以後にされる認知について適用し、施行日前にされた認知に対する反対の事実の主張については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-5041-102/art-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5041-102/art-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5041-102/art-5/par-2
The provisions of Article 786 of the New Civil Code apply to an acknowledgment of parentage made on or after the Effective Date, and the provisions then in force continue to govern the assertion of facts to the contrary against an acknowledgment of parentage made before the Effective Date.
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### 第六条（政令への委任） — Delegation to Cabinet Order
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suppl-5041-102/art-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5041-102/art-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5041-102/art-6
**第一項** この附則に定めるもののほか、この法律の施行に関し必要な経過措置は、政令で定める。
suppl-5041-102/art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5041-102/art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5041-102/art-6/par-1
Beyond what is provided for in these Supplementary Provisions, transitional measures necessary for the enforcement of this Act are specified by Cabinet Order.
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## 附 則 令和五年六月一四日法律第五三号
suppl-5051-53 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5051-53 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5051-53
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して五年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。ただし、次の各号に掲げる規定は、当該各号に定める日から施行する。
suppl-5051-53/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5051-53/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5051-53/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding 5 years from the date of promulgation; provided, however, that the provisions set forth in the following items come into effect as of the dates specified respectively in those items.
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**一** 第三十二章の規定及び第三百八十八条の規定 公布の日
suppl-5051-53/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5051-53/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5051-53/par-1/item-1
the provisions of Chapter XXXII and the provisions of Article 388: the date of promulgation;
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**二** 第一条中民事執行法第二十二条第五号の改正規定、同法第二十五条の改正規定、同法第二十六条の改正規定、同法第二十九条の改正規定（「の謄本」の下に「又は電磁的記録に記録されている事項の全部を記録した電磁的記録」を加える部分を除く。）、同法第九十一条第一項第三号の改正規定、同法第百四十一条第一項第三号の改正規定、同法第百八十一条第一項の改正規定、同条第四項の改正規定、同法第百八十三条の改正規定、同法第百八十九条の改正規定及び同法第百九十三条第一項の改正規定、第十二条、第三十三条、第三十四条、第三十六条及び第三十七条の規定、第四十二条中組織的な犯罪の処罰及び犯罪収益の規制等に関する法律第三十九条第二項の改正規定、第四十五条の規定（民法第九十八条第二項及び第百五十一条第四項の改正規定を除く。）、第四十七条中鉄道抵当法第四十一条の改正規定及び同法第四十三条第三項の改正規定、第四十八条及び第四章の規定、第八十八条中民事訴訟費用等に関する法律第二条の改正規定、第九十一条の規定、第百八十五条中配偶者からの暴力の防止及び被害者の保護等に関する法律第十二条第三項の改正規定、第百九十八条の規定並びに第三百八十七条の規定 公布の日から起算して二年六月を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日
suppl-5051-53/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5051-53/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5051-53/par-1/item-2
the provisions amending Article 22, item (v) of the Civil Enforcement Act in Article 1, the provisions amending Article 25 of that Act, the provisions amending Article 26 of that Act, the provisions amending Article 29 of that Act (excluding the part adding "or an electronic or magnetic record that records the whole of the matters recorded in an electronic or magnetic record" after "a certified copy of"), the provisions amending Article 91, paragraph (1), item (iii) of that Act, the provisions amending Article 141, paragraph (1), item (iii) of that Act, the provisions amending Article 181, paragraph (1) of that Act, the provisions amending paragraph (4) of that Article, the provisions amending Article 183 of that Act, the provisions amending Article 189 of that Act and the provisions amending Article 193, paragraph (1) of that Act, the provisions of Articles 12, 33, 34, 36 and 37, the provisions amending Article 39, paragraph (2) of the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes and Control of Proceeds of Crime in Article 42, the provisions of Article 45 (excluding the provisions amending Article 98, paragraph (2) and Article 151, paragraph (4) of the Civil Code), the provisions amending Article 41 of the Railway Mortgage Act and the provisions amending Article 43, paragraph (3) of that Act in Article 47, the provisions of Article 48 and Chapter IV, the provisions amending Article 2 of the Act on the Costs of Civil Proceedings in Article 88, the provisions of Article 91, the provisions amending Article 12, paragraph (3) of the Act on the Prevention of Spousal Violence and the Protection of Victims in Article 185, the provisions of Article 198, and the provisions of Article 387: the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding two years and six months from the date of promulgation.
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## 附 則 令和六年五月二二日法律第二九号
suppl-5061-29 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-29 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-29
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-5061-29/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-29/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-29/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して一年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。
suppl-5061-29/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-29/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-29/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding 1 year from the date of promulgation.
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## 附 則 令和六年五月二二日法律第三〇号
suppl-5061-30 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-30 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-30
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-5061-30/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-30/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-30/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して二年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。
suppl-5061-30/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-30/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-30/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding 2 years from the date of promulgation.
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## 附 則 令和六年五月二四日法律第三三号
suppl-5061-33 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
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suppl-5061-33/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して二年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。ただし、附則第十六条から第十八条まで及び第十九条第一項の規定は、公布の日から施行する。
suppl-5061-33/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding two years from the date of promulgation; provided, however, that the provisions of Article 16 through Article 18 and Article 19, paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions come into effect as of the date of promulgation.
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### 第二条（民法の一部改正に伴う経過措置の原則） — Principle of Transitional Measures Accompanying the Partial Amendment of the Civil Code
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suppl-5061-33/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-2
**第一項** 第一条の規定による改正後の民法（以下「新民法」という。）の規定は、この附則に特別の定めがある場合を除き、この法律の施行前に生じた事項にも適用する。ただし、同条の規定による改正前の民法（附則第六条において「旧民法」という。）の規定により生じた効力を妨げない。
suppl-5061-33/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-2/par-1
The provisions of the Civil Code as amended by the provisions of Article 1 (hereinafter referred to as the "New Civil Code") also apply to matters that arose before the enforcement of this Act, except where there are special provisions in these Supplementary Provisions; provided, however, that this does not prevent the effect that arose under the provisions of the Civil Code prior to the amendment by the provisions of that Article (referred to as the "Former Civil Code" in Article 6 of the Supplementary Provisions).
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### 第三条（子の監護費用に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Child Custody Expenses
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suppl-5061-33/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-3
**第一項** 新民法第三百六条第三号及び第三百八条の二の規定は、同条に規定する定期金債権のうちこの法律の施行の日（以下「施行日」という。）以後に生じた各期の定期金について適用する。
suppl-5061-33/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-3/par-1
The provisions of Article 306, item (iii) and Article 308-2 of the New Civil Code apply to the periodic payments for each period, among the claims for periodic payments prescribed in that Article, that arose on or after the date of enforcement of this Act (hereinafter referred to as the "Effective Date").
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**第二項** 新民法第七百六十六条の三（新民法第七百四十九条、第七百七十一条及び第七百八十八条において準用する場合を含む。）の規定は、施行日前に離婚し、婚姻が取り消され、又は認知した場合については、適用しない。
suppl-5061-33/art-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-3/par-2
The provisions of Article 766-3 of the New Civil Code (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Articles 749, 771 and 788 of the New Civil Code) do not apply in a case where a person divorced, a marriage was rescinded, or a person acknowledged parentage before the Effective Date.
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### 第四条（財産分与に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Division of Property
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suppl-5061-33/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-4
**第一項** 施行日前に離婚し、又は婚姻が取り消された場合における財産の分与に関する処分を家庭裁判所に請求することができる期間の制限については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-5061-33/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-4/par-1
With regard to the restriction on the period during which a request may be made to the family court for a disposition concerning the division of property in the case where a person divorced or a marriage was rescinded before the Effective Date, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第五条（離婚原因に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Grounds for Divorce
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suppl-5061-33/art-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-5
**第一項** 離婚の訴えに係る事件であって、施行日前に、控訴審の口頭弁論が終結したもの又は第一審の判決に対して上告をする権利を留保して控訴をしない旨の合意をしたものについての離婚の訴えを提起することができる事由については、なお従前の例による。
suppl-5061-33/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-5/par-1
With regard to the grounds on which an action for divorce may be filed in a case concerning an action for divorce in which, before the Effective Date, oral argument at the court of second instance has been concluded or an agreement has been made not to file an appeal while reserving the right to file a final appeal against the judgment of the court of first instance, the provisions then in force continue to govern.
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### 第六条（親権者の変更の請求に関する経過措置） — Transitional Measures Concerning Requests to Change the Person with Parental Authority
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suppl-5061-33/art-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-6
**第一項** 施行日前に旧民法第八百十九条第六項（旧民法第七百四十九条において準用する場合を含む。）の規定によりされた親権者の変更の請求（施行日前に当該請求に係る審判が確定したものを除く。）は、施行日以後は、新民法第八百十九条第六項（新民法第七百四十九条において準用する場合を含む。）の規定によりされた親権者の変更の請求とみなす。
suppl-5061-33/art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-6/par-1
A request to change the person with parental authority made before the Effective Date pursuant to the provisions of Article 819, paragraph (6) of the Former Civil Code (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 749 of the Former Civil Code) (excluding a request for which the adjudication pertaining to that request became final and binding before the Effective Date) is deemed, on or after the Effective Date, to be a request to change the person with parental authority made pursuant to the provisions of Article 819, paragraph (6) of the New Civil Code (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 749 of the New Civil Code).
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### 第十六条（政令への委任） — Delegation to Cabinet Order
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suppl-5061-33/art-16 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-16 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-16
**第一項** この附則に定めるもののほか、この法律の施行に関し必要な経過措置は、政令で定める。
suppl-5061-33/art-16/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-16/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-16/par-1
Beyond what is provided for in these Supplementary Provisions, transitional measures necessary for the enforcement of this Act are specified by Cabinet Order.
machine translation, not official
### 第十七条（啓発活動） — Awareness-Raising Activities
caption: machine translation, not official
suppl-5061-33/art-17 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-17 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-17
**第一項** 政府は、この法律による改正後のそれぞれの法律（次条及び附則第十九条第二項において「改正後の各法律」という。）の円滑な施行のため、新民法第七百六十六条第一項又は第二項（これらの規定を新民法第七百四十九条、第七百七十一条及び第七百八十八条において準用する場合を含む。）の規定により子の監護について必要な事項を定めることの重要性について父母が理解と関心を深めることができるよう、必要な広報その他の啓発活動を行うものとする。
suppl-5061-33/art-17/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-17/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-17/par-1
In order to ensure the smooth enforcement of the respective Acts as amended by this Act (referred to as "the respective Acts as amended" in the following Article and Article 19, paragraph (2) of the Supplementary Provisions), the government is to carry out necessary public relations and other awareness-raising activities so that parents may deepen their understanding of and interest in the importance of determining matters necessary for the custody of a child pursuant to the provisions of Article 766, paragraph (1) or (2) of the New Civil Code (including where these provisions are applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Articles 749, 771 and 788 of the New Civil Code).
machine translation, not official
### 第十八条（周知） — Public Awareness
caption: machine translation, not official
suppl-5061-33/art-18 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-18 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-18
**第一項** 政府は、改正後の各法律の円滑な施行のため、新民法第八百十九条各項の規定による親権者の定め方、新民法第八百二十四条の二第一項第三号の急迫の事情の意義、同条第二項の監護及び教育に関する日常の行為の意義その他の改正後の各法律の規定の趣旨及び内容について、国民に周知を図るものとする。
suppl-5061-33/art-18/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-18/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-18/par-1
In order to ensure the smooth enforcement of the respective Acts as amended, the government is to work to make the public aware of the method of determining the person with parental authority under the provisions of each paragraph of Article 819 of the New Civil Code, the meaning of pressing circumstances in Article 824-2, paragraph (1), item (iii) of the New Civil Code, the meaning of day-to-day acts concerning custody and education in paragraph (2) of that Article, and the purport and content of the provisions of the respective Acts as amended, such as these.
machine translation, not official
### 第十九条（検討） — Review
caption: machine translation, not official
suppl-5061-33/art-19 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-19 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-19
**第一項** 政府は、施行日までに、父母が協議上の離婚をする場合における新民法第八百十九条第一項の規定による親権者の定めが父母の双方の真意に出たものであることを確認するための措置について検討を加え、その結果に基づいて必要な法制上の措置その他の措置を講ずるものとする。
suppl-5061-33/art-19/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-19/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-19/par-1
By the Effective Date, the government is to study measures for confirming that the determination of the person with parental authority pursuant to the provisions of Article 819, paragraph (1) of the New Civil Code, in the case where the parents divorce by agreement, reflects the genuine intention of both parents, and to take necessary legislative and other measures based on the results.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 政府は、この法律の施行後五年を目途として、改正後の各法律の施行の状況等を勘案し、父母の離婚後の子の養育に係る制度及び支援施策の在り方等について検討を加え、必要があると認めるときは、その結果に基づいて所要の措置を講ずるものとする。
suppl-5061-33/art-19/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-19/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-19/par-2
Approximately five years after this Act comes into effect, the government is to study the state of the system and support measures concerning the upbringing of children after the divorce of their parents, etc., taking into consideration the status of enforcement, etc. of the respective Acts as amended, and if it finds it necessary, is to take necessary measures based on the results.
machine translation, not official
## 附 則 令和七年六月六日法律第五七号
suppl-5071-57 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5071-57 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5071-57
**第一項** この法律は、譲渡担保契約及び所有権留保契約に関する法律（令和七年法律第五十六号）の施行の日から施行する。ただし、第三十三条の規定は、公布の日から施行する。
suppl-5071-57/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5071-57/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5071-57/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date of enforcement of the Act on Security Assignment Contracts and Retention of Title Contracts (Act No. 56 of 2025); provided, however, that the provisions of Article 33 come into effect as of the date of promulgation.
machine translation, not official
## 附 則 令和八年六月二四日法律第四五号
suppl-5081-45 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5081-45 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5081-45
### 第一条（施行期日） — Effective Date
caption: machine translation, not official
suppl-5081-45/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5081-45/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5081-45/art-1
**第一項** この法律は、公布の日から起算して二年六月を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。ただし、次の各号に掲げる規定は、当該各号に定める日から施行する。
suppl-5081-45/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5081-45/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5081-45/art-1/par-1
This Act comes into effect as of the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding two years and six months from the date of promulgation; provided, however, that the provisions set forth in the following items come into effect as of the dates specified respectively in those items.
machine translation, not official
**一** 附則第九条の規定 公布の日
suppl-5081-45/art-1/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5081-45/art-1/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5081-45/art-1/par-1/item-1
the provisions of Article 9 of the Supplementary Provisions: the date of promulgation;
machine translation, not official
**二** 第一条中民法第八百九十一条第五号の改正規定、同法第九百六十八条の改正規定（次号に掲げる改正規定を除く。）、同法第九百七十条第一項及び第九百七十三条の改正規定（同条第一項の改正規定を除く。）、同法第九百七十四条の改正規定、同法第九百七十六条の見出しを削り、同条の前に見出しを付する改正規定、同条第一項の改正規定、同条の次に一条を加える改正規定、同法第九百七十九条の見出しを削り、同条の前に見出しを付する改正規定、同条第一項及び第三項の改正規定、同条の次に一条を加える改正規定並びに同法第九百八十条から第九百八十二条まで、第九百八十四条、第千四条（見出しを含む。）、第千五条及び第千二十四条（見出しを含む。）の改正規定並びに第四条中家事事件手続法第二百十一条、第二百十二条及び第二百十四条第二号の改正規定並びに同法別表第一の百二の項及び百三の項の改正規定並びに附則第五条の規定 公布の日から起算して一年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日
suppl-5081-45/art-1/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5081-45/art-1/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5081-45/art-1/par-1/item-2
the provisions amending Article 891, item (v) of the Civil Code in Article 1, the provisions amending Article 968 of that Act (excluding the amending provisions set forth in the following item), the provisions amending Article 970, paragraph (1) and Article 973 of that Act (excluding the provisions amending paragraph (1) of that Article), the provisions amending Article 974 of that Act, the provisions deleting the heading of Article 976 of that Act and adding a heading before that Article, the provisions amending paragraph (1) of that Article, the provisions adding one Article after that Article, the provisions deleting the heading of Article 979 of that Act and adding a heading before that Article, the provisions amending paragraphs (1) and (3) of that Article, the provisions adding one Article after that Article, and the provisions amending Articles 980 through 982, Article 984, Article 1004 (including the heading), Article 1005 and Article 1024 (including the heading) of that Act, the provisions amending Articles 211 and 212 and Article 214, item (ii) of the Domestic Relations Case Procedure Act in Article 4, the provisions amending items 102 and 103 of Appended Table 1 of that Act, and the provisions of Article 5 of the Supplementary Provisions: the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding one year from the date of promulgation.
machine translation, not official
**三** 第一条中民法第九百六十七条の改正規定、同法第九百六十八条第二項の改正規定（「含む」の下に「。第九百六十八条の三第二項において同じ」を加える部分に限る。）及び同条の次に二条を加える改正規定並びに第五条の規定 公布の日から起算して三年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日
suppl-5081-45/art-1/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5081-45/art-1/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5081-45/art-1/par-1/item-3
the provisions amending Article 967 of the Civil Code in Article 1, the provisions amending Article 968, paragraph (2) of that Act (limited to the part adding "; the same applies in Article 968-3, paragraph (2)" after "including") and the provisions adding two Articles after that Article, and the provisions of Article 5: the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding three years from the date of promulgation.
machine translation, not official
### 第九条（政令への委任） — Delegation to Cabinet Order
caption: machine translation, not official
suppl-5081-45/art-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5081-45/art-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5081-45/art-9
**第一項** この附則に定めるもののほか、この法律の施行に関し必要な経過措置は、政令で定める。
suppl-5081-45/art-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5081-45/art-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5081-45/art-9/par-1
Beyond what is provided for in these Supplementary Provisions, transitional measures necessary for the enforcement of this Act are specified by Cabinet Order.
machine translation, not official
---
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- claude-sonnet-5-5 — Machine translation, batch civil-code-20261011T170941-021, translated 2026-10-12
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