# 破産法 / Bankruptcy Act — 第二章 (Chapter 2)
- Law: 破産法 (Bankruptcy Act), 平成十六年法律第七十五号
- English title "Bankruptcy Act": Ministry of Justice translation
- Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say.
- Provision: 第二章 (Chapter 2) — address `ch-2`
- Text in force since: 2026-05-21
- URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/ch-2
- Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/ch-2
- Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it.
- Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below.
Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text
below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and
says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this
site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names.
They are never merged and never substituted for one another.
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## 第二章 破産手続の開始 — Chapter II Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
ch-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/ch-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/ch-2
## 第一節 破産手続開始の申立て — Section 1 Petition to Commence Bankruptcy Proceedings
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
ch-2/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/ch-2/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/ch-2/sec-1
### 第十五条（破産手続開始の原因） — (Cause for Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-15 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-15 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-15
**第一項** 債務者が支払不能にあるときは、裁判所は、第三十条第一項の規定に基づき、申立てにより、決定で、破産手続を開始する。
art-15/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-15/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-15/par-1
When a debtor is unable to pay debts, the court commences bankruptcy proceedings upon petition by an order pursuant to the provisions of Article 30, paragraph (1).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債務者が支払を停止したときは、支払不能にあるものと推定する。
art-15/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-15/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-15/par-2
When a debtor has suspended payments, the debtor is presumed to be unable to pay debts.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第十六条（法人の破産手続開始の原因） — (Cause of Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings Against Corporations)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-16 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-16 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-16
**第一項** 債務者が法人である場合に関する前条第一項の規定の適用については、同項中「支払不能」とあるのは、「支払不能又は債務超過（債務者が、その債務につき、その財産をもって完済することができない状態をいう。）」とする。
art-16/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-16/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-16/par-1
For the purpose of application of the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article when the debtor is a corporation, the term "unable to pay debts" in that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "unable to pay debts or insolvent (meaning the condition in which a debtor is unable to pay its debts in full with its property)".
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、存立中の合名会社及び合資会社には、適用しない。
art-16/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-16/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-16/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply to any existing general partnership company or limited partnership company.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第十七条（破産手続開始の原因の推定） — (Presumption of Grounds for Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-17 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-17 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-17
**第一項** 債務者についての外国で開始された手続で破産手続に相当するものがある場合には、当該債務者に破産手続開始の原因となる事実があるものと推定する。
art-17/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-17/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-17/par-1
If proceedings equivalent to bankruptcy proceedings are commenced against a debtor in a foreign state, the fact constituting the grounds for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is presumed to exist with regard to the debtor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第十八条（破産手続開始の申立て） — (Petition to Commence Bankruptcy Proceedings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-18 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-18 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-18
**第一項** 債権者又は債務者は、破産手続開始の申立てをすることができる。
art-18/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-18/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-18/par-1
A creditor or debtor may file a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債権者が破産手続開始の申立てをするときは、その有する債権の存在及び破産手続開始の原因となる事実を疎明しなければならない。
art-18/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-18/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-18/par-2
When filing a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings, a creditor must make a prima facie showing of the existence of the claim held by the creditor and the fact constituting the cause for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第十九条（法人の破産手続開始の申立て） — (Petition to Commence Bankruptcy Proceedings Against Corporations)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-19 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-19 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-19
**第一項** 次の各号に掲げる法人については、それぞれ当該各号に定める者は、破産手続開始の申立てをすることができる。
art-19/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-19/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-19/par-1
A petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings for a corporation stated in the following items may be filed by the person that the relevant item prescribes:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 一般社団法人又は一般財団法人 理事
art-19/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-19/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-19/par-1/item-1
a general incorporated association or general incorporation foundation:director;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 株式会社又は相互会社（保険業法（平成七年法律第百五号）第二条第五項に規定する相互会社をいう。第百五十条第六項第三号において同じ。） 取締役
art-19/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-19/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-19/par-1/item-2
a stock company or mutual company (meaning a mutual company prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (5) of the Insurance Business Act (Act No. 105 of 1995; the same applies in Article 150, paragraph (6), item (iii))):a company director; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 合名会社、合資会社又は合同会社 業務を執行する社員
art-19/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-19/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-19/par-1/item-3
a general partnership company, limited partnership company, or limited liability company:a member that conducts business.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項各号に掲げる法人については、清算人も、破産手続開始の申立てをすることができる。
art-19/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-19/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-19/par-2
A liquidator may also file a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings against a corporation stated in any of the items of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定により第一項各号に掲げる法人について破産手続開始の申立てをする場合には、理事、取締役、業務を執行する社員又は清算人の全員が破産手続開始の申立てをするときを除き、破産手続開始の原因となる事実を疎明しなければならない。
art-19/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-19/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-19/par-3
When filing a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs against a corporation stated in any of the items of paragraph (1), a prima facie showing of the fact constituting the cause for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings must be made, except when the petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings is filed by all of its company directors, members conducting business, or liquidators.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前三項の規定は、第一項各号に掲げる法人以外の法人について準用する。
art-19/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-19/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-19/par-4
The provisions of the preceding three paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis to a corporation other than those listed in the items of paragraph (1).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 法人については、その解散後であっても、残余財産の引渡し又は分配が終了するまでの間は、破産手続開始の申立てをすることができる。
art-19/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-19/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-19/par-5
A petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings for a corporation may be filed up until the delivery or distribution of its residual assets is completed, even after its dissolution.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二十条（破産手続開始の申立ての方式） — (Method of Filing a Petition to Commence Bankruptcy Proceedings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-20 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-20 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-20
**第一項** 破産手続開始の申立ては、最高裁判所規則で定める事項を記載した書面でしなければならない。
art-20/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-20/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-20/par-1
A petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings must be filed by means of a document stating the particulars specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債権者以外の者が破産手続開始の申立てをするときは、最高裁判所規則で定める事項を記載した債権者一覧表を裁判所に提出しなければならない。ただし、当該申立てと同時に債権者一覧表を提出することができないときは、当該申立ての後遅滞なくこれを提出すれば足りる。
art-20/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-20/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-20/par-2
If a person other than a creditor files a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings, the person must submit to the court a list of creditors stating the particulars specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court; provided, however, that if it is impossible to submit a list of creditors at the same time as filing the petition, it is sufficient for the person to submit the list without delay after filing the petition.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二十一条（破産手続開始の申立書の審査） — (Examination of Written Petition to Commence Bankruptcy Proceedings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-21 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-21 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-21
**第一項** 前条第一項の書面（以下この条において「破産手続開始の申立書」という。）に同項に規定する事項が記載されていない場合には、裁判所書記官は、相当の期間を定め、その期間内に不備を補正すべきことを命ずる処分をしなければならない。民事訴訟費用等に関する法律（昭和四十六年法律第四十号）の規定に従い破産手続開始の申立ての手数料を納付しない場合も、同様とする。
art-21/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-21/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-21/par-1
When a document under paragraph (1) of the preceding Article (referred to below as a "written petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings") does not state the particulars prescribed in that paragraph, the court clerk must specify a reasonable period and make an action to order that the defect should be corrected within the specified period. The same applies if the fees for a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings required under the provisions of the Act on the Costs of Civil Procedure (Act No. 40 of 1971) are not paid.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の処分は、相当と認める方法で告知することによって、その効力を生ずる。
art-21/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-21/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-21/par-2
The disposition stated in the preceding paragraph becomes effective when a notice is given in an appropriate manner.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の処分に対しては、その告知を受けた日から一週間の不変期間内に、異議の申立てをすることができる。
art-21/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-21/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-21/par-3
An objection may be made to the action stated in paragraph (1) within an in alterable period of one week from the day on which a notice is received.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前項の異議の申立ては、執行停止の効力を有する。
art-21/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-21/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-21/par-4
The objection stated in the preceding paragraph has the effect of a stay of enforcement.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 裁判所は、第三項の異議の申立てがあった場合において、破産手続開始の申立書に第一項の処分において補正を命じた不備以外の不備があると認めるときは、相当の期間を定め、その期間内に当該不備を補正すべきことを命じなければならない。
art-21/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-21/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-21/par-5
If the objection under paragraph (3) is made, when the court finds in a written petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings any defect other than the defect for which it has ordered correction by the action stated in paragraph (1), the court must specify a reasonable period and order that the additional defect should be corrected within that period.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第六項** 第一項又は前項の場合において、破産手続開始の申立人が不備を補正しないときは、裁判長は、命令で、破産手続開始の申立書を却下しなければならない。
art-21/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-21/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-21/par-6
In the case referred to in paragraph (1) or the preceding paragraph, if a petitioner for commencement of bankruptcy proceedings fails to correct the defect, the presiding judge must dismiss the written petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings by an order.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第七項** 前項の命令に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
art-21/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-21/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-21/par-7
An immediate appeal may be filed against the order stated in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二十二条（費用の予納） — (Prepayment of Expenses)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-22 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-22 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-22
**第一項** 破産手続開始の申立てをするときは、申立人は、破産手続の費用として裁判所の定める金額を予納しなければならない。
art-22/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-22/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-22/par-1
When filing a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings, the petitioner must prepay an amount designated by the court as expenses for bankruptcy proceedings.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 費用の予納に関する決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
art-22/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-22/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-22/par-2
An immediate appeal may be filed against an order on prepayment of expenses.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二十三条（費用の仮支弁） — (Provisional Payment of Expenses)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-23 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-23 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-23
**第一項** 裁判所は、申立人の資力、破産財団となるべき財産の状況その他の事情を考慮して、申立人及び利害関係人の利益の保護のため特に必要と認めるときは、破産手続の費用を仮に国庫から支弁することができる。職権で破産手続開始の決定をした場合も、同様とする。
art-23/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-23/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-23/par-1
The court may make a provisional payment of expenses for bankruptcy proceedings from the national treasury when the court finds it particularly necessary to do so for the protection of the interests of the petitioner and any interested person, while taking into consideration the petitioner's financial resources, the status of property that is to constitute the bankruptcy estate, and any other relevant circumstances. The same applies when the court issues an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings by its own authority.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前条第一項の規定は、前項前段の規定により破産手続の費用を仮に国庫から支弁する場合には、適用しない。
art-23/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-23/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-23/par-2
The provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article do not apply if a provisional payment of expenses for bankruptcy proceedings is made from the national treasury pursuant to the provisions of the first sentence of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二十四条（他の手続の中止命令等） — (Stay Orders for Other Proceedings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-24 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24
**第一項** 裁判所は、破産手続開始の申立てがあった場合において、必要があると認めるときは、利害関係人の申立てにより又は職権で、破産手続開始の申立てにつき決定があるまでの間、次に掲げる手続又は処分の中止を命ずることができる。ただし、第一号に掲げる手続又は第六号に掲げる処分についてはその手続の申立人である債権者又はその処分を行う者に不当な損害を及ぼすおそれがない場合に限り、第五号に掲げる責任制限手続については責任制限手続開始の決定がされていない場合に限る。
art-24/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-1
If a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings is filed, the court may order a suspension of the following proceedings or dispositions until an order is made on the petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings upon the petition of an interested person or by its own authority when it finds it necessary to do so; provided, however, that this only applies, in the case of the proceedings stated in item (i) or the disposition stated in item (vi), if the stay order is not likely to cause unjust damage to the creditor that filed the petition for the proceedings or the person that made the disposition, and in the case of the proceedings for limitation of liability stated in item (v), if an order to commence proceedings for limitation of liability has not yet been made:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 債務者の財産に対して既にされている強制執行、仮差押え、仮処分又は一般の先取特権の実行若しくは留置権（商法（明治三十二年法律第四十八号）又は会社法の規定によるものを除く。）による競売（以下この節において「強制執行等」という。）の手続で、債務者につき破産手続開始の決定がされたとすれば破産債権若しくは財団債権となるべきもの（以下この項及び次条第八項において「破産債権等」という。）に基づくもの又は破産債権等を被担保債権とするもの
art-24/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-1/item-1
proceedings already initiated against the debtor's property for enforcement, provisional seizure, provisional disposition, or exercise of a general statutory lien or auction by reason of a right of retention (excluding a right of retention under the provisions of the Commercial Code (Act No. 48 of 1899) or the Companies Act) (referred to below as "enforcement, etc." in this Section), which is based on a claim that is supposed to be a bankruptcy claim or claim on the estate, if an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings is made against the debtor (referred to below as "bankruptcy claim, etc." in this paragraph and paragraph (8) of the following Article), or is intended to secure a bankruptcy claim, etc.;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 債務者の財産に対して既にされている企業担保権の実行手続で、破産債権等に基づくもの
art-24/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-1/item-2
proceedings already initiated against the debtor's property for the exercise of an enterprise mortgage, which is based on a bankruptcy claim, etc.;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 債務者の財産関係の訴訟手続
art-24/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-1/item-3
court proceedings of an action relating to the debtor's property;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 債務者の財産関係の事件で行政庁に係属しているものの手続
art-24/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-1/item-4
proceedings for a case relating to the debtor's property that is pending before an administrative authority;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**五** 債務者の責任制限手続（船舶の所有者等の責任の制限に関する法律（昭和五十年法律第九十四号）第三章又は船舶油濁等損害賠償保障法（昭和五十年法律第九十五号）第五章、同法第四十三条第五項において準用する同法第三十一条及び第三十二条並びに同法第四十三条第六項において準用する船舶の所有者等の責任の制限に関する法律第三章（第九条、第十条、第十六条及び第五十四条を除く。）若しくは船舶油濁等損害賠償保障法第五十一条第五項において準用する同法第三十一条及び第三十二条並びに同法第五十一条第六項において準用する船舶の所有者等の責任の制限に関する法律第三章（第九条、第十条、第十六条、第四節及び第五十四条を除く。）の規定による責任制限手続をいう。第二百六十三条及び第二百六十四条第一項において同じ。）
art-24/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-1/item-5
proceedings for limitation of liability of a debtor (meaning proceedings for limitation of liability under the provisions of Chapter III of the Act on Limitation of Ship owner Liability (Act No. 94 of 1975), Chapter V of the Act on Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (Act No. 95 of 1975), Article 31 and Article 32 of that Act applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 43, paragraph (5) of that Act, Chapter III of the Act on Limitation of Shipowner Liability (excluding Article 9, Article 10, Article 16, and Article 54) applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 43, paragraph (6) of the Act on Liability for Oil Pollution Damage or Article 31 and Article 32 of that Act applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 51, paragraph (5) of the Act on Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, and Chapter III of that Act (excluding Article 9, Article 10, Article 16, Section 4, and Article 54) applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 51, paragraph (6) of the Act on Liability for Oil Pollution Damage; the same applies in Article 263 and Article 264, paragraph (1)) for the debtor; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**六** 債務者の財産に対して既にされている共助対象外国租税（租税条約等の実施に伴う所得税法、法人税法及び地方税法の特例等に関する法律（昭和四十四年法律第四十六号。第百三条第五項及び第二百五十三条第四項において「租税条約等実施特例法」という。）第十一条第一項に規定する共助対象外国租税をいう。以下同じ。）の請求権に基づき国税滞納処分の例によってする処分（以下「外国租税滞納処分」という。）で、破産債権等に基づくもの
art-24/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-1/item-6
a disposal to be made by the same procedure as that for the collection of national tax delinquency (the disposal is referred to below as a "disposal of foreign tax delinquency"), based on a claim from a foreign tax subject to mutual assistance (meaning the foreign tax subject to mutual assistance prescribed in Article 11, paragraph (1) of the Act on Special Provisions of the Income Tax Act, the Corporation Tax Act and the Local Tax Act Attendant upon the Enforcement of Tax Treaties (Act No. 46 of 1969; referred to below as the "Act on Special Provisions for the Enforcement of Tax Treaties" in Article 103, paragraph (5) and Article 253, paragraph (4)); the same applies below), which has already been initiated against the debtor's property and which is based on the ground of a bankruptcy claim, etc.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 裁判所は、前項の規定による中止の命令を変更し、又は取り消すことができる。
art-24/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-2
The court may change or reverse a suspension order issued under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 裁判所は、第九十一条第二項に規定する保全管理命令が発せられた場合において、債務者の財産の管理及び処分をするために特に必要があると認めるときは、保全管理人の申立てにより、担保を立てさせて、第一項の規定により中止した強制執行等の手続又は外国租税滞納処分の取消しを命ずることができる。
art-24/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-3
If an order for temporary administration prescribed in Article 91, paragraph (2) is issued, the court may order the rescission of the procedure for enforcement, etc. or disposal of foreign tax delinquency which has been suspended pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) when it finds it particularly necessary to do so for the administration and disposal of the debtor's property, upon a petition of a temporary administrator, while requiring security to be provided.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第一項の規定による中止の命令、第二項の規定による決定及び前項の規定による取消しの命令に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
art-24/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-4
An immediate appeal may be filed against a suspension order issued under the provisions of paragraph (1), an order issued under the provisions of paragraph (2), and a reversal order issued under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 前項の即時抗告は、執行停止の効力を有しない。
art-24/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-5
The immediate appeal stated in the preceding paragraph does not have the effect of a stay of enforcement.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第六項** 第四項に規定する裁判及び同項の即時抗告についての裁判があった場合には、その裁判書を当事者に送達しなければならない。
art-24/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-6
If a judicial decision prescribed in paragraph (4) and a judicial decision on the immediate appeal stated in that paragraph are made, the written judgments must be served upon the parties.
machine translation, not official
### 第二十五条（包括的禁止命令） — (Comprehensive Stay Orders)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-25 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-25 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-25
**第一項** 裁判所は、破産手続開始の申立てがあった場合において、前条第一項第一号又は第六号の規定による中止の命令によっては破産手続の目的を十分に達成することができないおそれがあると認めるべき特別の事情があるときは、利害関係人の申立てにより又は職権で、破産手続開始の申立てにつき決定があるまでの間、全ての債権者に対し、債務者の財産に対する強制執行等及び国税滞納処分（国税滞納処分の例による処分を含み、交付要求を除く。以下同じ。）の禁止を命ずることができる。ただし、事前に又は同時に、債務者の主要な財産に関し第二十八条第一項の規定による保全処分をした場合又は第九十一条第二項に規定する保全管理命令をした場合に限る。
art-25/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-25/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-25/par-1
If a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings is filed under special circumstances, and when the court finds that there is a risk that it would be impossible to achieve the purpose of the bankruptcy proceedings satisfactorily only by issuing a suspension order pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), item (i) or (vi) of the preceding Article, upon the petition of an interested person or by its own authority, the court may issue an order prohibiting all creditors from enforcement, etc. against a debtor's property, and a collection of national tax delinquency (including a disposition to be made by a procedure for making a disposal of national tax delinquency, and excluding a request for distribution; the same applies below), until an order is made on the petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings; but this applies only if the court issues a provisional order in advance or simultaneously under the provisions of Article 28, paragraph (1) or order for temporary administration prescribed in Article 91, paragraph (2) with respect to the debtor's principal property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定による禁止の命令（以下「包括的禁止命令」という。）を発する場合において、裁判所は、相当と認めるときは、一定の範囲に属する強制執行等又は国税滞納処分を包括的禁止命令の対象から除外することができる。
art-25/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-25/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-25/par-2
Upon issuing a stay order under the provisions of the preceding paragraph (referred to below as a "comprehensive stay order"), the court may exclude a certain range of enforcement, etc. or procedures for collection of national tax delinquency from the subject to the comprehensive stay order when it finds it appropriate to do so.
Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "Upon issuing a stay order under the provisions of the preceding paragraph referred to below as a "comprehensive stay order"), the court may exclude a certain range of enforcement, etc. or procedures for collection of national tax delinquency from the subject to the comprehensive stay order when it finds it appropriate to do so." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4895/tb
**第三項** 包括的禁止命令が発せられた場合には、債務者の財産に対して既にされている強制執行等の手続及び外国租税滞納処分（当該包括的禁止命令により禁止されることとなるものに限る。）は、破産手続開始の申立てにつき決定があるまでの間、中止する。
art-25/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-25/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-25/par-3
If a comprehensive stay order is issued, the procedure for enforcement, etc. and disposal of foreign tax delinquency which have already been initiated against the debtor's assets (limited to the procedures or disposals that are to be prohibited by the comprehensive stay order) are suspended until an order is made on the petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 裁判所は、包括的禁止命令を変更し、又は取り消すことができる。
art-25/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-25/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-25/par-4
The court may change or reverse a comprehensive stay order.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 裁判所は、第九十一条第二項に規定する保全管理命令が発せられた場合において、債務者の財産の管理及び処分をするために特に必要があると認めるときは、保全管理人の申立てにより、担保を立てさせて、第三項の規定により中止した強制執行等の手続又は外国租税滞納処分の取消しを命ずることができる。
art-25/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-25/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-25/par-5
If an order for temporary administration prescribed in Article 91, paragraph (2) is issued, the court may order reversal of the procedure for enforcement, etc. or disposal of foreign tax delinquency which has been suspended pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3) upon the petition of a temporary administrator, while requiring security to be provided when it finds it particularly necessary to do so for the administration and disposal of the debtor's property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第六項** 包括的禁止命令、第四項の規定による決定及び前項の規定による取消しの命令に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
art-25/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-25/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-25/par-6
An immediate appeal may be filed against a comprehensive stay order, an order made under the provisions of paragraph (4) and a reversal order issued under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第七項** 前項の即時抗告は、執行停止の効力を有しない。
art-25/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-25/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-25/par-7
The immediate appeal stated in the preceding paragraph does not have the effect of stay of enforcement.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第八項** 包括的禁止命令が発せられたときは、破産債権等（当該包括的禁止命令により強制執行等又は国税滞納処分が禁止されているものに限る。）については、当該包括的禁止命令が効力を失った日の翌日から二月を経過する日までの間は、時効は、完成しない。
art-25/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-25/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-25/par-8
When a comprehensive stay order is issued, the prescription is not completed with regard to a bankruptcy claim, etc. (limited to a claim for which enforcement, etc. or procedure for collection of national tax delinquency is prohibited by the comprehensive stay order) until the day on which two months have elapsed from the next day on which the comprehensive stay order ceases to be effective.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二十六条（包括的禁止命令に関する公告及び送達等） — (Public Notice and Service Concerning Comprehensive Stay Order)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-26 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-26 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-26
**第一項** 包括的禁止命令及びこれを変更し、又は取り消す旨の決定があった場合には、その旨を公告し、その裁判書を債務者（保全管理人が選任されている場合にあっては、保全管理人。次項において同じ。）及び申立人に送達し、かつ、その決定の主文を知れている債権者及び債務者（保全管理人が選任されている場合に限る。）に通知しなければならない。
art-26/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-26/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-26/par-1
If a comprehensive stay order and an order to change or reverse this order are made, the court must give a public notice to that effect, serve the written judgment on the debtor (or on the temporary administrator if a temporary administrator is appointed; the same applies in the following paragraph) and the petitioner, and also notify the known creditors and the debtor (limited to the case in which a temporary administrator is appointed) of the main text of the order.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 包括的禁止命令及びこれを変更し、又は取り消す旨の決定は、債務者に対する裁判書の送達がされた時から、効力を生ずる。
art-26/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-26/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-26/par-2
A comprehensive stay order and an order to change or reverse this order become effective from the time when the written judgment is served upon the debtor.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 前条第六項の即時抗告についての裁判（包括的禁止命令を変更し、又は取り消す旨の決定を除く。）があった場合には、その裁判書を当事者に送達しなければならない。
art-26/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-26/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-26/par-3
If a judicial decision on the immediate appeal stated in paragraph (6) of the preceding Article (excluding an order to change or reverse a comprehensive stay order) is made, the written judgment must be served upon the parties.
machine translation, not official
### 第二十七条（包括的禁止命令の解除） — (Cancellation of Comprehensive Stay Orders)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-27 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-27 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-27
**第一項** 裁判所は、包括的禁止命令を発した場合において、強制執行等の申立人である債権者に不当な損害を及ぼすおそれがあると認めるときは、当該債権者の申立てにより、当該債権者に限り当該包括的禁止命令を解除する旨の決定をすることができる。この場合において、当該債権者は、債務者の財産に対する強制執行等をすることができ、当該包括的禁止命令が発せられる前に当該債権者がした強制執行等の手続で第二十五条第三項の規定により中止されていたものは、続行する。
art-27/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-27/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-27/par-1
The court may issue an order to cancel a comprehensive stay order only for that creditor upon the petition of the creditor, when it finds the comprehensive stay order is likely to cause undue damage to the creditor who filed the petition for enforcement, etc. after issuing the comprehensive stay order. In this case, the creditor may have enforcement, etc. against the debtor's property, and any procedures for enforcement, etc. initiated by the creditor before the issuance of the comprehensive stay order that have been suspended under the provisions of Article 25, paragraph (3) resume their process.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、裁判所が国税滞納処分を行う者に不当な損害を及ぼすおそれがあると認める場合について準用する。
art-27/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-27/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-27/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if the court finds that a comprehensive stay order is likely to cause undue damage to a person that conducts a disposition to collect national tax arrears.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項（前項において準用する場合を含む。次項及び第六項において同じ。）の規定による解除の決定を受けた者に対する第二十五条第八項の規定の適用については、同項中「当該包括的禁止命令が効力を失った日」とあるのは、「第二十七条第一項（同条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定による解除の決定があった日」とする。
art-27/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-27/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-27/par-3
For the purpose of applying the provisions of Article 25, paragraph (8) to a person that obtains a cancellation order under the provisions of paragraph (1) (including cases as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph; the same applies in the following paragraph and paragraph (6)), the phrase "the day on which the comprehensive stay order ceases to be effective" in Article 25, paragraph (8) is deemed to be replaced with "the day on which a cancellation order under the provisions of Article 27, paragraph (1) (including cases as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (2) of the Article) is issued".
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第一項の申立てについての裁判に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
art-27/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-27/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-27/par-4
An immediate appeal may be filed against a judicial decision on the petition stated in paragraph (1).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 前項の即時抗告は、執行停止の効力を有しない。
art-27/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-27/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-27/par-5
The immediate appeal stated in the preceding paragraph does not have the effect of a stay of enforcement.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第六項** 第一項の申立てについての裁判及び第四項の即時抗告についての裁判があった場合には、その裁判書を当事者に送達しなければならない。この場合においては、第十条第三項本文の規定は、適用しない。
art-27/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-27/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-27/par-6
If a judicial decision on the petition stated in paragraph (1) and a judicial decision on the immediate appeal stated in paragraph (4) are made, the written judgments must be served upon the parties. In this case, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply.
machine translation, not official
### 第二十八条（債務者の財産に関する保全処分） — (Provisional Order Concerning Debtor's Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-28 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-28 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-28
**第一項** 裁判所は、破産手続開始の申立てがあった場合には、利害関係人の申立てにより又は職権で、破産手続開始の申立てにつき決定があるまでの間、債務者の財産に関し、その財産の処分禁止の仮処分その他の必要な保全処分を命ずることができる。
art-28/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-28/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-28/par-1
If a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings is filed, upon the petition of an interested person or by their own authority, the court may issue a provisional order that prohibits a disposal of the debtor's assets or any other necessary provisional order concerning the assets until a decision is made on the petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 裁判所は、前項の規定による保全処分を変更し、又は取り消すことができる。
art-28/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-28/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-28/par-2
The court may change or reverse a provisional order issued under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の規定による保全処分及び前項の規定による決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
art-28/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-28/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-28/par-3
An immediate appeal may be filed against a provisional order issued under the provisions of paragraph (1) and an order issued under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前項の即時抗告は、執行停止の効力を有しない。
art-28/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-28/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-28/par-4
The immediate appeal stated in the preceding paragraph does not have the effect of a stay of enforcement.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 第三項に規定する裁判及び同項の即時抗告についての裁判があった場合には、その裁判書を当事者に送達しなければならない。この場合においては、第十条第三項本文の規定は、適用しない。
art-28/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-28/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-28/par-5
If a judicial decision prescribed in paragraph (3) and a judicial decision on the immediate appeal stated in that paragraph are made, the written judgments must be served upon the parties. In this case, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply.
machine translation, not official
**第六項** 裁判所が第一項の規定により債務者が債権者に対して弁済その他の債務を消滅させる行為をすることを禁止する旨の保全処分を命じた場合には、債権者は、破産手続の関係においては、当該保全処分に反してされた弁済その他の債務を消滅させる行為の効力を主張することができない。ただし、債権者が、その行為の当時、当該保全処分がされたことを知っていたときに限る。
art-28/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-28/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-28/par-6
Pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), if the court has issued a provisional order prohibiting a debtor from making payments to a creditor or conducting any other act with the creditor to extinguish the debtor's debt, the creditor may not assert the effect of the payment or any other act to extinguish the debt, which is made or conducted in violation of the provisional order in relation to the bankruptcy proceedings; provided, however, that this applies only if the creditor knows the fact that the provisional order was issued at the time of the act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二十九条（破産手続開始の申立ての取下げの制限） — (Restriction on Withdrawal of Petitions to Commence Bankruptcy Proceedings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-29 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-29 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-29
**第一項** 破産手続開始の申立てをした者は、破産手続開始の決定前に限り、当該申立てを取り下げることができる。この場合において、第二十四条第一項の規定による中止の命令、包括的禁止命令、前条第一項の規定による保全処分、第九十一条第二項に規定する保全管理命令又は第百七十一条第一項の規定による保全処分がされた後は、裁判所の許可を得なければならない。
art-29/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-29/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-29/par-1
A person that has filed a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings may withdraw the petition only before an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings is made. In this case, after a suspension order under the provisions of Article 24, paragraph (1), comprehensive stay order, provisional order under the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, order for temporary administration prescribed in Article 91, paragraph (2) or provisional order under the provisions of Article 171, paragraph (1) is issued, a permission of the court is required.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二節 破産手続開始の決定 — Section 2 Order commencing Bankruptcy Proceedings
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
ch-2/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/ch-2/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/ch-2/sec-2
### 第三十条（破産手続開始の決定） — (Order commencing Bankruptcy Proceedings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-30 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-30 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-30
**第一項** 裁判所は、破産手続開始の申立てがあった場合において、破産手続開始の原因となる事実があると認めるときは、次の各号のいずれかに該当する場合を除き、破産手続開始の決定をする。
art-30/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-30/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-30/par-1
If a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings is filed and the court finds a fact constituting the grounds for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, it issues an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings, except in the cases listed in the following items:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 破産手続の費用の予納がないとき（第二十三条第一項前段の規定によりその費用を仮に国庫から支弁する場合を除く。）。
art-30/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-30/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-30/par-1/item-1
when expenses for bankruptcy proceedings are not prepaid (excluding cases in which temporary payment of the expenses is made from the national treasury pursuant to the provisions of the first sentence of Article 23, paragraph (1)); or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 不当な目的で破産手続開始の申立てがされたとき、その他申立てが誠実にされたものでないとき。
art-30/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-30/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-30/par-1/item-2
if the petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings is filed for an unjust purpose or it is not filed in good faith.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の決定は、その決定の時から、効力を生ずる。
art-30/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-30/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-30/par-2
The order issued under the preceding paragraph becomes effective from the time when it is issued.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三十一条（破産手続開始の決定と同時に定めるべき事項等） — (Particulars to Be Specified upon Issuing Order commencing Bankruptcy Proceedings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-31 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31
**第一項** 裁判所は、破産手続開始の決定と同時に、一人又は数人の破産管財人を選任し、かつ、次に掲げる事項を定めなければならない。
art-31/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-1
The court must appoint one or more bankruptcy trustees and specify the following particulars upon issuing an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 破産債権の届出をすべき期間
art-31/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-1/item-1
the period during which a proof of a bankruptcy claim should be filed;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 破産者の財産状況を報告するために招集する債権者集会（第四項、第百三十六条第二項及び第三項並びに第百五十八条において「財産状況報告集会」という。）の期日
art-31/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-1/item-2
the date of a creditors' meeting that is to be convoked to report the status of the debtor's property (referred to as a "meeting for reporting the status of property" in paragraph (4), Article 136, paragraphs (2) and (3) and Article 158); and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 破産債権の調査をするための期間（第百十六条第二項の場合にあっては、破産債権の調査をするための期日）
art-31/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-1/item-3
the period for conducting an investigation of bankruptcy claims (or the date for conducting an investigation of bankruptcy claims in the case referred to in Article 116, paragraph (2)).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項第一号及び第三号の規定にかかわらず、裁判所は、破産財団をもって破産手続の費用を支弁するのに不足するおそれがあると認めるときは、同項第一号の期間並びに同項第三号の期間及び期日を定めないことができる。
art-31/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-2
Notwithstanding the provisions of item (i) and item (iii) of the preceding paragraph, the court may choose not to specify the period stated in item (i) of that paragraph and the period and date stated in item (iii) of that paragraph when it finds that the bankruptcy estate is likely to be insufficient for paying expenses for bankruptcy proceedings.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項の場合において、裁判所は、破産財団をもって破産手続の費用を支弁するのに不足するおそれがなくなったと認めるときは、速やかに、第一項第一号の期間及び同項第三号の期間又は期日を定めなければならない。
art-31/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-3
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if it finds that the bankruptcy estate is no longer insufficient for paying expenses for bankruptcy proceedings, the court must promptly specify the period stated in paragraph (1), item (i) and the period or date stated in item (iii) of that paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第一項第二号の規定にかかわらず、裁判所は、知れている破産債権者の数その他の事情を考慮して財産状況報告集会を招集することを相当でないと認めるときは、同号の期日を定めないことができる。
art-31/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-4
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), item (ii), if it finds it inappropriate to convoke a meeting for reporting the status of property while taking into consideration the number of known bankruptcy creditors and any other relevant circumstances, the court may choose not to specify the date stated in paragraph (1), item (ii).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 第一項の場合において、知れている破産債権者の数が千人以上であり、かつ、相当と認めるときは、裁判所は、次条第四項本文及び第五項本文において準用する同条第三項第一号、第三十三条第三項本文並びに第百三十九条第三項本文の規定による破産債権者（同項本文の場合にあっては、同項本文に規定する議決権者。次条第二項において同じ。）に対する通知をせず、かつ、第百十一条、第百十二条又は第百十四条の規定により破産債権の届出をした破産債権者（以下「届出をした破産債権者」という。）を債権者集会の期日に呼び出さない旨の決定をすることができる。
art-31/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-5
In the case referred to in paragraph (1), if there are 1,000 or more known bankruptcy creditors and it is found appropriate, the court may issue an order not to give a notice to bankruptcy creditors under the provisions of paragraph (3), item (i) of the following Article, as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the main clauses of paragraph (4) and paragraph (5) of that Article, and the provisions of the main clause of Article 33, paragraph (3) and the main clause of Article 139, paragraph (3) (in the case referred to in the main clause of Article 139, paragraph (3), creditors with voting rights prescribed in the main clause of Article 139, paragraph (3); the same applies in paragraph (2) of the following Article), and not to summon, on the date of a creditors' meeting, bankruptcy creditors that filed a proof of a bankruptcy claim pursuant to the provisions of Article 111, Article 112 or Article 114 (referred to below as "holders of filed bankruptcy claims").
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三十二条（破産手続開始の公告等） — (Public Notice of Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-32 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32
**第一項** 裁判所は、破産手続開始の決定をしたときは、直ちに、次に掲げる事項を公告しなければならない。
art-32/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-1
The court must immediately give a public notice of the following particulars when it has issued an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 破産手続開始の決定の主文
art-32/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-1/item-1
the main text of the order commencing bankruptcy proceedings;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 破産管財人の氏名又は名称
art-32/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-1/item-2
the name of the bankruptcy trustee;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 前条第一項の規定により定めた期間又は期日
art-32/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-1/item-3
the period or date established pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 破産財団に属する財産の所持者及び破産者に対して債務を負担する者（第三項第二号において「財産所持者等」という。）は、破産者にその財産を交付し、又は弁済をしてはならない旨
art-32/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-1/item-4
an order to the effect that a person that possesses property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate and a person that owes a debt to the bankrupt (referred to as a "possessor of property, etc." in paragraph (3), item (ii)) must not deliver the property or pay the bankrupt; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**五** 第二百四条第一項第二号の規定による簡易配当をすることが相当と認められる場合にあっては、簡易配当をすることにつき異議のある破産債権者は裁判所に対し前条第一項第三号の期間の満了時又は同号の期日の終了時までに異議を述べるべき旨
art-32/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-1/item-5
when it is found to be appropriate to make a simplified distribution under the provisions of Article 204, paragraph (1), item (ii), the order to the effect that any bankruptcy creditor that has an objection to the making of a simplified distribution should state the objection to the court before the expiration of the period stated in paragraph (1), item (iii) of the preceding Article or before the end of the date stated in that item.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前条第五項の決定があったときは、裁判所は、前項各号に掲げる事項のほか、第四項本文及び第五項本文において準用する次項第一号、次条第三項本文並びに第百三十九条第三項本文の規定による破産債権者に対する通知をせず、かつ、届出をした破産債権者を債権者集会の期日に呼び出さない旨をも公告しなければならない。
art-32/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-2
When an order under paragraph (5) of the preceding Article is issued, in addition to the particulars stated in the items of the preceding paragraph, the court must give a public notice to the effect that it will not give a notice to bankruptcy creditors under the provisions of item (i) of the following paragraph, as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the main clauses of paragraph (4) and paragraph (5), and the provisions of the main clause of paragraph (3) of the following Article and the main clause of Article 139, paragraph (3), and that it will not summon holders of filed bankruptcy claims on the date of a creditors' meeting.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 次に掲げる者には、前二項の規定により公告すべき事項を通知しなければならない。
art-32/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-3
The following persons must be given a notice of the particulars of which a public notice should be made pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 破産管財人、破産者及び知れている破産債権者
art-32/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-3/item-1
a bankruptcy trustee, the bankrupt, and known bankruptcy creditors;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 知れている財産所持者等
art-32/par-3/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-3/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-3/item-2
a known possessor of property, etc.;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 第九十一条第二項に規定する保全管理命令があった場合における保全管理人
art-32/par-3/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-3/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-3/item-3
a temporary administrator when an order for temporary administration prescribed in Article 91, paragraph (2) is issued; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 労働組合等（破産者の使用人その他の従業者の過半数で組織する労働組合があるときはその労働組合、破産者の使用人その他の従業者の過半数で組織する労働組合がないときは破産者の使用人その他の従業者の過半数を代表する者をいう。第七十八条第四項及び第百三十六条第三項において同じ。）
art-32/par-3/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-3/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-3/item-4
a labor union, etc. (meaning a labor union consisting of the majority of a bankrupt's employees and other workers, if there is a labor union, or a person representative of the majority of a bankrupt's employees and other workers, if there is no labor union consisting of the majority of a bankrupt's employees and other workers; the same applies in Article 78, paragraph (4) and Article 136, paragraph (3)).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第一項第三号及び前項第一号の規定は、前条第三項の規定により同条第一項第一号の期間及び同項第三号の期間又は期日を定めた場合について準用する。ただし、同条第五項の決定があったときは、知れている破産債権者に対しては、当該通知をすることを要しない。
art-32/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-4
The provisions of paragraph (1), item (iii) and item (i) of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if the period stated in paragraph (1), item (i) of the preceding Article and the period or date stated in item (iii) of the same paragraph are specified pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3) of the Article; provided, however, that when an order under paragraph (5) of the Article is issued, the notice is not required to be given to known bankruptcy creditors.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 第一項第二号並びに第三項第一号及び第二号の規定は第一項第二号に掲げる事項に変更を生じた場合について、第一項第三号及び第三項第一号の規定は第一項第三号に掲げる事項に変更を生じた場合（前条第一項第一号の期間又は同項第二号の期日に変更を生じた場合に限る。）について準用する。ただし、同条第五項の決定があったときは、知れている破産債権者に対しては、当該通知をすることを要しない。
art-32/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-5
The provisions of paragraph (1), item (ii) and paragraph (3), item (i) and item (ii) apply mutatis mutandis if there is a change in the particulars stated in paragraph (1), item(ii), and the provisions of paragraph (1), item (iii) and paragraph (3), item (i) apply mutatis mutandis if there is a change in the particulars stated in paragraph (1), item (iii) (limited to cases in which there is a change to the period stated in paragraph (1), item (i) of the preceding Article or the date stated in item (ii) of that paragraph); provided, however, that when an order under paragraph (5) of that Article is issued, the notice is not required to be given to known bankruptcy creditors.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三十三条（抗告） — (Appeals Against Rulings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-33 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-33 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-33
**第一項** 破産手続開始の申立てについての裁判に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
art-33/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-33/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-33/par-1
An immediate appeal may be filed against a judicial decision on a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第二十四条から第二十八条までの規定は、破産手続開始の申立てを棄却する決定に対して前項の即時抗告があった場合について準用する。
art-33/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-33/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-33/par-2
The provisions of Articles 24 through 28 apply mutatis mutandis when an immediate appeal referred to in the preceding paragraph is filed against a decision dismissing with prejudice a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 破産手続開始の決定をした裁判所は、第一項の即時抗告があった場合において、当該決定を取り消す決定が確定したときは、直ちにその主文を公告し、かつ、前条第三項各号（第三号を除く。）に掲げる者にその主文を通知しなければならない。ただし、第三十一条第五項の決定があったときは、知れている破産債権者に対しては、当該通知をすることを要しない。
art-33/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-33/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-33/par-3
The court that has made an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings must immediately give a public notice of the main text of the reversal order and give a notice of the main text to the persons listed in the items of paragraph (3) of the preceding Article (excluding item (iii)), if an immediate appeal stated in paragraph (1) is filed and an order to reverse this order becomes final and binding; but when an order stated in Article 31, paragraph (5) is issued, the notice is not required to be given to known bankruptcy creditors.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三節 破産手続開始の効果 — Section 3 Effect of Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
ch-2/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/ch-2/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/ch-2/sec-3
## 第一款 通則 — Subsection 1 General Rules
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
ch-2/sec-3/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-1
### 第三十四条（破産財団の範囲） — (Scope of Bankruptcy Estate)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-34 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-34 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-34
**第一項** 破産者が破産手続開始の時において有する一切の財産（日本国内にあるかどうかを問わない。）は、破産財団とする。
art-34/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-34/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-34/par-1
Any and all property that a bankrupt holds at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings (irrespective of whether it exists in Japan) is to constitute a bankruptcy estate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 破産者が破産手続開始前に生じた原因に基づいて行うことがある将来の請求権は、破産財団に属する。
art-34/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-34/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-34/par-2
Any claim which may arise in the future and be enforced by the bankrupt based on a cause that has occurred prior to the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is to belong to the bankruptcy estate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の規定にかかわらず、次に掲げる財産は、破産財団に属しない。
art-34/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-34/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-34/par-3
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), the following property does not belong to a bankruptcy estate:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 民事執行法（昭和五十四年法律第四号）第百三十一条第三号に規定する額に二分の三を乗じた額の金銭
art-34/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-34/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-34/par-3/item-1
money obtained by multiplying the amount prescribed in Article 131, item (iii) of the Civil Enforcement Act (Act No. 4 of 1979) by one and a half; and
Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "money obtained by multiplying the amount prescribed in Article 131, item (iii) of the Civil Enforcement Act (Act No. 4 of 1979) by two-thirds; and" — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4895/tb
**二** 差し押さえることができない財産（民事執行法第百三十一条第三号に規定する金銭を除く。）。ただし、同法第百三十二条第一項（同法第百九十二条において準用する場合を含む。）の規定により差押えが許されたもの及び破産手続開始後に差し押さえることができるようになったものは、この限りでない。
art-34/par-3/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-34/par-3/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-34/par-3/item-2
property that may not be seized (excluding money prescribed in Article 131, item (iii) of the Civil Enforcement Act); provided, however, that this does not apply to property for which a seizure is allowed pursuant to the provisions of Article 132, paragraph (1) of that Act (including cases as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 192 of that Act) and property which becomes seizable after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 裁判所は、破産手続開始の決定があった時から当該決定が確定した日以後一月を経過する日までの間、破産者の申立てにより又は職権で、決定で、破産者の生活の状況、破産手続開始の時において破産者が有していた前項各号に掲げる財産の種類及び額、破産者が収入を得る見込みその他の事情を考慮して、破産財団に属しない財産の範囲を拡張することができる。
art-34/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-34/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-34/par-4
During the period from the time when an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings is issued until the day on which one month has elapsed since the day on which the order becomes final and binding, by an order and upon the petition of the bankrupt or by its own authority, the court may expand the scope of property that does not belong to the bankruptcy estate, while taking into consideration the bankrupt's living conditions, the types of property stated in the items of the preceding paragraph that the bankrupt held at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings and the amount of its value, the likelihood for the bankrupt to earn income and any other relevant circumstances.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 裁判所は、前項の決定をするに当たっては、破産管財人の意見を聴かなければならない。
art-34/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-34/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-34/par-5
The court must hear an opinion of a bankruptcy trustee when issuing an order stated in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第六項** 第四項の申立てを却下する決定に対しては、破産者は、即時抗告をすることができる。
art-34/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-34/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-34/par-6
The bankrupt may file an immediate appeal against an order dismissing the petition stated in paragraph (4).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第七項** 第四項の決定又は前項の即時抗告についての裁判があった場合には、その裁判書を破産者及び破産管財人に送達しなければならない。この場合においては、第十条第三項本文の規定は、適用しない。
art-34/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-34/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-34/par-7
If an order stated in paragraph (4) or a judicial decision on the immediate appeal stated in the preceding paragraph is made, the written judgment must be served upon the bankrupt and the bankruptcy trustee. In this case, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply.
machine translation, not official
### 第三十五条（法人の存続の擬制） — (Constructive Existence of Corporations)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-35 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-35 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-35
**第一項** 他の法律の規定により破産手続開始の決定によって解散した法人又は解散した法人で破産手続開始の決定を受けたものは、破産手続による清算の目的の範囲内において、破産手続が終了するまで存続するものとみなす。
art-35/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-35/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-35/par-1
A corporation that is dissolved through an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings under the provisions of other Acts or a dissolved corporation that has received an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings is deemed to remain in existence to the extent of the purpose of liquidation through bankruptcy proceedings until the bankruptcy proceedings are closed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三十六条（破産者の事業の継続） — (Continuation of Bankrupt's Business)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-36 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-36 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-36
**第一項** 破産手続開始の決定がされた後であっても、破産管財人は、裁判所の許可を得て、破産者の事業を継続することができる。
art-36/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-36/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-36/par-1
Even after an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings is made, a bankruptcy trustee may continue the bankrupt's business with permission of the court.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三十七条（破産者の居住に係る制限） — (Restriction on Bankrupt's Residence)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-37 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-37 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-37
**第一項** 破産者は、その申立てにより裁判所の許可を得なければ、その居住地を離れることができない。
art-37/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-37/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-37/par-1
The bankrupt may not leave their place of residence without filing a petition and obtaining the permission of the court.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の申立てを却下する決定に対しては、破産者は、即時抗告をすることができる。
art-37/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-37/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-37/par-2
The bankrupt may file an immediate appeal against an order dismissing without prejudice the petition stated in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三十八条（破産者の引致） — (Physically Escorting the Bankrupt to the Court)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-38 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-38 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-38
**第一項** 裁判所は、必要と認めるときは、破産者の引致を命ずることができる。
art-38/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-38/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-38/par-1
The court may order the bankrupt to be physically escorted to the court or any other place when it finds it necessary.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 破産手続開始の申立てがあったときは、裁判所は、破産手続開始の決定をする前でも、債務者の引致を命ずることができる。
art-38/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-38/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-38/par-2
When a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings is made, the court may order the debtor physically escorted to the court or any other place even before making an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定による引致は、引致状を発してしなければならない。
art-38/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-38/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-38/par-3
A physical escort under the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs must be undertaken after the issuance of a writ of physical escort
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第一項又は第二項の規定による引致を命ずる決定に対しては、破産者又は債務者は、即時抗告をすることができる。
art-38/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-38/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-38/par-4
The bankrupt or debtor may file an immediate appeal against an order to order the physical escort to the court or other places made under the provisions of paragraph (1) or (2).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 刑事訴訟法（昭和二十三年法律第百三十一号）中勾引に関する規定は、第一項及び第二項の規定による引致について準用する。
art-38/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-38/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-38/par-5
The provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Act No. 131 of 1948) concerning physical escorts apply mutatis mutandis to the physical escorts to the court and other places under the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第三十九条（破産者に準ずる者への準用） — (Application, Mutatis Mutandis to Persons Equivalent to Bankrupts)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-39 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-39 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-39
**第一項** 前二条の規定は、破産者の法定代理人及び支配人並びに破産者の理事、取締役、執行役及びこれらに準ずる者について準用する。
art-39/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-39/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-39/par-1
The provisions of the preceding two Articles apply mutatis mutandis to the bankrupt's legal representative and manager, as well as to the bankrupt's director, company director, executive officer, and any other person equivalent to them.
Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis to the bankrupt's legal representative and manager, as well as to the bankrupt's director, company director, executive officer, and any other person equivalent to them." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4895/tb
### 第四十条（破産者等の説明義務） — (Obligation of Explanation of Bankrupts)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-40 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-40 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-40
**第一項** 次に掲げる者は、破産管財人若しくは第百四十四条第二項に規定する債権者委員会の請求又は債権者集会の決議に基づく請求があったときは、破産に関し必要な説明をしなければならない。ただし、第五号に掲げる者については、裁判所の許可がある場合に限る。
art-40/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-40/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-40/par-1
Upon the request of a bankruptcy trustee or the creditors' committee prescribed in Article 144, paragraph (2) or the request based on a resolution at a creditors' meeting, the following persons must give necessary explanation concerning bankruptcy; provided, however, that with regard to the person stated in item (v), this applies only when permitted by the court:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 破産者
art-40/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-40/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-40/par-1/item-1
bankrupt;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 破産者の代理人
art-40/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-40/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-40/par-1/item-2
bankrupt's agent;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 破産者が法人である場合のその理事、取締役、執行役、監事、監査役及び清算人
art-40/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-40/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-40/par-1/item-3
when the bankrupt is a corporation, its director, company director, executive officer, inspector, company auditor, and liquidator;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 前号に掲げる者に準ずる者
art-40/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-40/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-40/par-1/item-4
any other person equivalent to the persons stated in the preceding item; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**五** 破産者の従業者（第二号に掲げる者を除く。）
art-40/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-40/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-40/par-1/item-5
bankrupt's employee (excluding the person stated in item (ii)).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、同項各号（第一号を除く。）に掲げる者であった者について準用する。
art-40/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-40/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-40/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to a person that is any of the persons stated in the items of that paragraph (excluding item (i)).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四十一条（破産者の重要財産開示義務） — (Obligation to Disclose Important Property of Bankrupts)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-41 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-41 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-41
**第一項** 破産者は、破産手続開始の決定後遅滞なく、その所有する不動産、現金、有価証券、預貯金その他裁判所が指定する財産の内容を記載した書面を裁判所に提出しなければならない。
art-41/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-41/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-41/par-1
After an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings is issued, the bankrupt must submit to the court a document stating the contents of real property, cash, securities, deposits and savings, and any other types of property designated by the court that the bankrupt owns.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四十二条（他の手続の失効等） — (Lapse of Other Procedures)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-42 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-42 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-42
**第一項** 破産手続開始の決定があった場合には、破産財団に属する財産に対する強制執行、仮差押え、仮処分、一般の先取特権の実行、企業担保権の実行又は外国租税滞納処分で、破産債権若しくは財団債権に基づくもの又は破産債権若しくは財団債権を被担保債権とするものは、することができない。
art-42/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-42/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-42/par-1
If an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings is issued, enforcement against property that belong to the bankruptcy estate, provisional seizures, provisional dispositions against the property, general statutory liens, enterprise mortgages or disposal of foreign tax delinquency, which is based on a bankruptcy claim or claim on the estate, or is intended to secure a bankruptcy claim or claim on the estate, cannot be exercised.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項に規定する場合には、同項に規定する強制執行、仮差押え、仮処分、一般の先取特権の実行及び企業担保権の実行の手続並びに外国租税滞納処分で、破産財団に属する財産に対して既にされているものは、破産財団に対してはその効力を失う。ただし、同項に規定する強制執行又は一般の先取特権の実行（以下この条において「強制執行又は先取特権の実行」という。）の手続については、破産管財人において破産財団のためにその手続を続行することを妨げない。
art-42/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-42/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-42/par-2
In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the procedures for enforcement, provisional seizure, provisional disposition, exercise of a general statutory lien or exercise of an enterprise mortgage or disposal of foreign tax delinquency prescribed in that paragraph, which have already been initiated against property that belong to the bankruptcy estate, cease to be effective in relation to the bankruptcy estate; provided, however, that with regard to the procedure for enforcement or exercise of a general statutory lien prescribed in that paragraph (referred to below as "enforcement or exercise of a statutory lien" in this Article), this does not preclude a bankruptcy trustee from continuing the procedure in the interest of the bankruptcy estate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項ただし書の規定により続行された強制執行又は先取特権の実行の手続については、民事執行法第六十三条及び第百二十九条（これらの規定を同法その他強制執行の手続に関する法令において準用する場合を含む。）の規定は、適用しない。
art-42/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-42/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-42/par-3
With regard to the procedure for enforcement or exercise of a statutory lien continued pursuant to the provisions of the proviso to the preceding paragraph, the provisions of Article 63 and Article 129 of the Civil Enforcement Act (including cases in which these provisions are applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to that Act or other laws and regulations concerning a procedure for enforcement) do not apply.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第二項ただし書の規定により続行された強制執行又は先取特権の実行の手続に関する破産者に対する費用請求権は、財団債権とする。
art-42/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-42/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-42/par-4
A claim for expenses against the bankrupt for the procedure for enforcement or exercise of a statutory lien continued pursuant to the provisions of the proviso to paragraph (2) is a claim on the estate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 第二項ただし書の規定により続行された強制執行又は先取特権の実行に対する第三者異議の訴えについては、破産管財人を被告とする。
art-42/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-42/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-42/par-5
With regard to a third party action against the enforcement or exercise of a statutory lien continued pursuant to the provisions of the proviso to paragraph (2), the bankruptcy trustee stands as a defendant.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第六項** 破産手続開始の決定があったときは、破産債権又は財団債権に基づく財産開示手続（民事執行法第百九十六条に規定する財産開示手続をいう。以下この項並びに第二百四十九条第一項及び第二項において同じ。）又は第三者からの情報取得手続（同法第二百四条に規定する第三者からの情報取得手続をいう。以下この項並びに第二百四十九条第一項及び第二項において同じ。）の申立てはすることができず、破産債権又は財団債権に基づく財産開示手続及び第三者からの情報取得手続はその効力を失う。
art-42/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-42/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-42/par-6
If an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings is issued, no petition may be filed for an asset disclosure procedure (meaning an asset disclosure procedure prescribed in Article 196 of the Civil Enforcement Act; the same applies below in this paragraph and Article 249, paragraph (1) and paragraph (2)) or procedure for acquiring information from a third party (meaning the procedures for acquiring information from third parties prescribed in Article 204 of that Act; the same applies below in this paragraph and Article 249, paragraphs (1) and (2)) based on a bankruptcy claim or claim on the estate, and an asset disclosure procedure and a procedure for acquiring information from a third party based on a bankruptcy claim or claim on the estate, cease to be effective.
Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "If an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings is issued, no petition may be filed for a property disclosure procedure (meaning an assets disclosure procedure prescribed in Article 196 of the Civil Enforcement Act; the same applies below in this paragraph and Article 249, paragraph (1) and paragraph (2)) or procedure for acquiring information from a third party (meaning the procedures for acquiring information from third parties prescribed in Article 204 of that Act; the same applies below in this paragraph and Article 249, paragraphs (1) and (2)) based on a bankruptcy claim or claim on the estate, and a property disclosure procedure and a procedure for acquiring information from a third party based on a bankruptcy claim or claim on the estate, cease to be effective." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4895/tb
### 第四十三条（国税滞納処分等の取扱い） — (Handling of Collection of National Tax Delinquency)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-43 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-43 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-43
**第一項** 破産手続開始の決定があった場合には、破産財団に属する財産に対する国税滞納処分（外国租税滞納処分を除く。次項において同じ。）は、することができない。
art-43/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-43/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-43/par-1
If an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings is issued, collection of national tax delinquency (excluding a disposal of foreign tax delinquency; the same applies in the following paragraph) may not be made against property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 破産財団に属する財産に対して国税滞納処分が既にされている場合には、破産手続開始の決定は、その国税滞納処分の続行を妨げない。
art-43/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-43/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-43/par-2
If a collection of national tax delinquency has already been initiated against property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate, an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings does not preclude the continuation of the collection of national tax delinquency.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 破産手続開始の決定があったときは、破産手続が終了するまでの間は、罰金、科料及び追徴の時効は、進行しない。免責許可の申立てがあった後当該申立てについての裁判が確定するまでの間（破産手続開始の決定前に免責許可の申立てがあった場合にあっては、破産手続開始の決定後当該申立てについての裁判が確定するまでの間）も、同様とする。
art-43/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-43/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-43/par-3
When an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings is issued, the prescription for a fine, petty fine, and collection of equivalent value do not proceed until the bankruptcy proceedings are closed. The same applies during the period after a petition for a grant of discharge is filed until a judicial decision on the petition becomes final and binding (if a petition for a grant of discharge is filed before an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings is issued, during the period after an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings is issued until a judicial decision on the petition becomes final and binding).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四十四条（破産財団に関する訴えの取扱い） — (Actions Relating to Bankruptcy Estates)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-44 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-44 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-44
**第一項** 破産手続開始の決定があったときは、破産者を当事者とする破産財団に関する訴訟手続は、中断する。
art-44/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-44/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-44/par-1
When an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings is issued, any action relating to the bankruptcy estate in which the bankrupt stands as a party is subject to a continuance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 破産管財人は、前項の規定により中断した訴訟手続のうち破産債権に関しないものを受け継ぐことができる。この場合においては、受継の申立ては、相手方もすることができる。
art-44/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-44/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-44/par-2
A bankruptcy trustee may take over the action which was subject to a continuance under the provisions of the preceding paragraph which does not relate to any bankruptcy claim. In this case, a petition for taking over the action may also be filed by the opponent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項の場合においては、相手方の破産者に対する訴訟費用請求権は、財団債権とする。
art-44/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-44/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-44/par-3
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the opponent's claim for court costs against the bankrupt is a claim on the estate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 破産手続が終了したときは、破産管財人を当事者とする破産財団に関する訴訟手続は、中断する。
art-44/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-44/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-44/par-4
When the bankruptcy proceedings are closed, any action relating to the bankruptcy estate in which a bankruptcy trustee stands as a party is subject to a continuance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 破産者は、前項の規定により中断した訴訟手続を受け継がなければならない。この場合においては、受継の申立ては、相手方もすることができる。
art-44/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-44/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-44/par-5
The bankrupt must take over the action which was subject to a continuance under the provisions of the preceding paragraph. In this case, a petition for taking over the action may also be filed by the opponent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第六項** 第一項の規定により中断した訴訟手続について第二項の規定による受継があるまでに破産手続が終了したときは、破産者は、当然訴訟手続を受継する。
art-44/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-44/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-44/par-6
If bankruptcy proceedings are closed before the action which was subject to a continuance pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) is taken over under the provisions of paragraph (2), the bankrupt automatically takes over the action.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四十五条（債権者代位訴訟及び詐害行為取消訴訟の取扱い） — (Handling of Actions by the Subrogee and Actions for Rescission of Fraudulent Acts)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-45 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-45 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-45
**第一項** 民法（明治二十九年法律第八十九号）第四百二十三条第一項、第四百二十三条の七又は第四百二十四条第一項の規定により破産債権者又は財団債権者の提起した訴訟が破産手続開始当時係属するときは、その訴訟手続は、中断する。
art-45/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-45/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-45/par-1
If an action filed by a bankruptcy creditor or holder of a claim on the estate pursuant to the provisions of Article 423, paragraph (1), Article 423-7 or Article 424, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code (Act No. 89 of 1896) is pending at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, the action is subject to a continuance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 破産管財人は、前項の規定により中断した訴訟手続を受け継ぐことができる。この場合においては、受継の申立ては、相手方もすることができる。
art-45/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-45/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-45/par-2
A bankruptcy trustee may take over the action which was subject to a continuance pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph. In this case, a petition for taking over the action may also be filed by the opponent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項の場合においては、相手方の破産債権者又は財団債権者に対する訴訟費用請求権は、財団債権とする。
art-45/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-45/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-45/par-3
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the opponent's claim for court costs against the bankruptcy creditor or holder of a claim on the estate is a claim on the estate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第一項の規定により中断した訴訟手続について第二項の規定による受継があった後に破産手続が終了したときは、当該訴訟手続は、中断する。
art-45/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-45/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-45/par-4
If the bankruptcy proceedings are closed after the action was taken over under the provisions of paragraph (2), the bankruptcy proceedings which were subject to a continuance under the provisions of paragraph (1), the action is subject to a continuance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 前項の場合には、破産債権者又は財団債権者において当該訴訟手続を受け継がなければならない。この場合においては、受継の申立ては、相手方もすることができる。
art-45/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-45/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-45/par-5
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the bankruptcy creditor or holder of claim on the estate must take over the action. In this case, a petition for taking over the action may also be filed by the opponent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第六項** 第一項の規定により中断した訴訟手続について第二項の規定による受継があるまでに破産手続が終了したときは、破産債権者又は財団債権者は、当然訴訟手続を受継する。
art-45/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-45/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-45/par-6
If the bankruptcy proceedings which were subject to a continuance under the provisions of paragraph (1) are closed before the proceeding action has been taken over under the provisions of paragraph (2), the bankruptcy creditor or holder of claim on the estate automatically takes over the action.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四十六条（行政庁に係属する事件の取扱い） — (Handling of Cases Pending Before Administrative Agencies)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-46 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-46 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-46
**第一項** 第四十四条の規定は、破産財団に関する事件で行政庁に係属するものについて準用する。
art-46/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-46/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-46/par-1
The provisions of Article 44 apply mutatis mutandis to cases relating to the bankruptcy estate that is pending before an administrative agency.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二款 破産手続開始の効果 — Subsection 2 Effect of Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
ch-2/sec-3/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-2
### 第四十七条（開始後の法律行為の効力） — (Effect of Juridical Acts After Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-47 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-47 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-47
**第一項** 破産者が破産手続開始後に破産財団に属する財産に関してした法律行為は、破産手続の関係においては、その効力を主張することができない。
art-47/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-47/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-47/par-1
A juridical act conducted by the bankrupt after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings with respect to property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate may not be asserted effective in relation to the bankruptcy proceedings.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 破産者が破産手続開始の日にした法律行為は、破産手続開始後にしたものと推定する。
art-47/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-47/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-47/par-2
A juridical act conducted by the bankrupt on the date of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is presumed to be conducted after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四十八条（開始後の権利取得の効力） — (Effect of Acquisition of Rights After Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-48 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-48 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-48
**第一項** 破産手続開始後に破産財団に属する財産に関して破産者の法律行為によらないで権利を取得しても、その権利の取得は、破産手続の関係においては、その効力を主張することができない。
art-48/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-48/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-48/par-1
If a right is acquired after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings with respect to property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate but it is not by way of the bankrupt's juridical act, the acquisition of the right may not be asserted effective in relation to the bankruptcy proceedings.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前条第二項の規定は、破産手続開始の日における前項の権利の取得について準用する。
art-48/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-48/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-48/par-2
The provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the acquisition of the right under the preceding paragraph that occurs on the date of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第四十九条（開始後の登記及び登録の効力） — (Effect of Registrations After Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-49 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-49 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-49
**第一項** 不動産又は船舶に関し破産手続開始前に生じた登記原因に基づき破産手続開始後にされた登記又は不動産登記法（平成十六年法律第百二十三号）第百五条第一号の規定による仮登記は、破産手続の関係においては、その効力を主張することができない。ただし、登記権利者が破産手続開始の事実を知らないでした登記又は仮登記については、この限りでない。
art-49/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-49/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-49/par-1
A registration or a provisional registration under the provisions of Article 105, item (i) of the Real Property Registration Act (Act No. 123 of 2004), which is made with respect to real property or a vessel after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings based on the cause of registration that occurred prior to the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, may not be asserted to be effective in relation to the bankruptcy proceedings; provided, however, that this does not apply to a registration or provisional registration made by a person entitled to demand registration, without the knowing the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、権利の設定、移転若しくは変更に関する登録若しくは仮登録又は企業担保権の設定、移転若しくは変更に関する登記について準用する。
art-49/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-49/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-49/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to a registration or provisional registration made with respect to the establishment, transfer, or modification of a right, or registration made with respect to the establishment, transfer, or modification of an enterprise mortgage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五十条（開始後の破産者に対する弁済の効力） — (Effect of Payment to the Bankrupt After Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-50 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-50 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-50
**第一項** 破産手続開始後に、その事実を知らないで破産者にした弁済は、破産手続の関係においても、その効力を主張することができる。
art-50/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-50/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-50/par-1
Payment made to the bankrupt after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings without knowing the commencement may also be asserted effective in relation to the bankruptcy proceedings.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 破産手続開始後に、その事実を知って破産者にした弁済は、破産財団が受けた利益の限度においてのみ、破産手続の関係において、その効力を主張することができる。
art-50/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-50/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-50/par-2
Payment made to the bankrupt after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings with the knowledge of the commencement may be asserted effective in relation to the bankruptcy proceedings only to the extent that the bankruptcy estate has been enriched.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五十一条（善意又は悪意の推定） — (Presumption of Existence or Absence of Knowledge)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-51 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-51 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-51
**第一項** 前二条の規定の適用については、第三十二条第一項の規定による公告の前においてはその事実を知らなかったものと推定し、当該公告の後においてはその事実を知っていたものと推定する。
art-51/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-51/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-51/par-1
For the application of the provisions of the preceding two Articles, the absence of knowledge of the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is presumed prior to a public notice made under the provisions of Article 32, paragraph (1), and the existence of knowledge of the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is presumed after the public notice is made.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五十二条（共有関係） — (Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-52 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-52 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-52
**第一項** 数人が共同して財産権を有する場合において、共有者の中に破産手続開始の決定を受けた者があるときは、その共有に係る財産の分割の請求は、共有者の間で分割をしない旨の定めがあるときでも、することができる。
art-52/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-52/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-52/par-1
If two or more persons jointly hold property rights and any one of them has received an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings, a claim for dividing the property in co-ownership may be made even if there is an agreement between the co-owners to the effect that division has not been agreed upon.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合には、他の共有者は、相当の償金を支払って破産者の持分を取得することができる。
art-52/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-52/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-52/par-2
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, other co-owners may acquire the bankrupt's co-owned interest in the property by paying a reasonable amount of compensation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五十三条（双務契約） — (Executory Contracts)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-53 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-53 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-53
**第一項** 双務契約について破産者及びその相手方が破産手続開始の時において共にまだその履行を完了していないときは、破産管財人は、契約の解除をし、又は破産者の債務を履行して相手方の債務の履行を請求することができる。
art-53/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-53/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-53/par-1
If both the bankrupt and the other party under an executory contract have not yet completely performed their obligations by the time of the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, a bankruptcy trustee may cancel the contract or may perform the bankrupt's obligation and request the other party to perform their obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合には、相手方は、破産管財人に対し、相当の期間を定め、その期間内に契約の解除をするか、又は債務の履行を請求するかを確答すべき旨を催告することができる。この場合において、破産管財人がその期間内に確答をしないときは、契約の解除をしたものとみなす。
art-53/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-53/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-53/par-2
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the counterparty may specify a reasonable period and make a demand on the bankruptcy trustee that the trustee should give a definite answer within that period with regard to whether they will cancel the contract or request performance of the obligation. In this case, if the bankruptcy trustee fails to give a definite answer within that period, it is deemed that the trustee has cancelled the contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項の規定は、相手方又は破産管財人が民法第六百三十一条前段の規定により解約の申入れをすることができる場合又は同法第六百四十二条第一項前段の規定により契約の解除をすることができる場合について準用する。
art-53/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-53/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-53/par-3
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if the counterparty or a bankruptcy trustee may give a notice of termination pursuant to the provisions of the first sentence of Article 631 of the Civil Code or cancel the contract pursuant to the first sentence of Article 642, paragraph (1) of that Code.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五十四条
art-54 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-54 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-54
**第一項** 前条第一項又は第二項の規定により契約の解除があった場合には、相手方は、損害の賠償について破産債権者としてその権利を行使することができる。
art-54/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-54/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-54/par-1
If a contract is cancelled pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) or (2) of the preceding Article, the counterparty may exercise their right to claim of compensation for damages as a bankruptcy creditor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項に規定する場合において、相手方は、破産者の受けた反対給付が破産財団中に現存するときは、その返還を請求することができ、現存しないときは、その価額について財団債権者としてその権利を行使することができる。
art-54/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-54/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-54/par-2
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the counter-performance received by the bankrupt still exists in the bankruptcy estate, the counterparty may request its return, and if it does not exist in the bankruptcy estate, they may exercise their right over its value as a holder of a claim on the estate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五十五条（継続的給付を目的とする双務契約） — (Executory Contracts for Continuous Performance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-55 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-55 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-55
**第一項** 破産者に対して継続的給付の義務を負う双務契約の相手方は、破産手続開始の申立て前の給付に係る破産債権について弁済がないことを理由としては、破産手続開始後は、その義務の履行を拒むことができない。
art-55/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-55/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-55/par-1
After the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, the counterparty to a bilateral contract who has an obligation to provide continuous performance to the bankrupt may not refuse to perform the obligation on the grounds that no payment is made with regard to the bankruptcy claim arising from the performance provided prior to the filing of a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の双務契約の相手方が破産手続開始の申立て後破産手続開始前にした給付に係る請求権（一定期間ごとに債権額を算定すべき継続的給付については、申立ての日の属する期間内の給付に係る請求権を含む。）は、財団債権とする。
art-55/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-55/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-55/par-2
A claim arising from the performance that is provided by the counterparty to an executory contract prescribed in the preceding paragraph after the filing of a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings, and prior to the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings (in the case of continuous performance for which the amount of claim should be calculated for each specific period of time, the claim arising from the performance provided within the period that includes the date of filing of the petition is included) is a claim on the estate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定は、労働契約には、適用しない。
art-55/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-55/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-55/par-3
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply to a labor contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五十六条（賃貸借契約等） — (Lease Contracts)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-56 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-56 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-56
**第一項** 第五十三条第一項及び第二項の規定は、賃借権その他の使用及び収益を目的とする権利を設定する契約について破産者の相手方が当該権利につき登記、登録その他の第三者に対抗することができる要件を備えている場合には、適用しない。
art-56/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-56/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-56/par-1
The provisions of Article 53, paragraphs (1) and (2) do not apply when the counterparty of the bankrupt under a contract for the establishment of a leasehold or any other right of use or extracting profit has a registration or meets any other requirement for duly asserting the right against any third party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項に規定する場合には、相手方の有する請求権は、財団債権とする。
art-56/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-56/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-56/par-2
In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, a claim held by the counterparty is a claim on the estate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五十七条（委任契約） — (Contract of Mandate)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-57 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-57 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-57
**第一項** 委任者について破産手続が開始された場合において、受任者は、民法第六百五十五条の規定による破産手続開始の通知を受けず、かつ、破産手続開始の事実を知らないで委任事務を処理したときは、これによって生じた債権について、破産債権者としてその権利を行使することができる。
art-57/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-57/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-57/par-1
When bankruptcy proceedings are commenced against the mandator, if they have administered the mandated business without receiving a notice of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings under the provisions of Article 655 of the Civil Code and also without knowing the fact of the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, the mandatary may exercise their right to a claim arising from the above mentioned administration as a bankruptcy creditor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五十八条（市場の相場がある商品の取引に係る契約） — (Contracts for Transaction of Goods with Market Quotation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-58 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-58 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-58
**第一項** 取引所の相場その他の市場の相場がある商品の取引に係る契約であって、その取引の性質上特定の日時又は一定の期間内に履行をしなければ契約をした目的を達することができないものについて、その時期が破産手続開始後に到来すべきときは、当該契約は、解除されたものとみなす。
art-58/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-58/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-58/par-1
With regard to a contract for a transaction of goods with a quotation on an exchange or any other market quotation the purpose of which cannot be achieved unless the transaction is performed on a specific date or within a specific period of time from the nature of the transaction, if the due date is to come after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, it is deemed that the contract has been cancelled.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合において、損害賠償の額は、履行地又はその地の相場の標準となるべき地における同種の取引であって同一の時期に履行すべきものの相場と当該契約における商品の価格との差額によって定める。
art-58/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-58/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-58/par-2
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the amount of compensation for damages is determined by the difference between the quotation for the same kind of transaction to be performed at the same time at the place of performance or any other reference place for quotation, and the price of the goods under the contract.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第五十四条第一項の規定は、前項の規定による損害の賠償について準用する。
art-58/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-58/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-58/par-3
The provisions of Article 54, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis to compensation for damages under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第一項又は第二項に定める事項について当該取引所又は市場における別段の定めがあるときは、その定めに従う。
art-58/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-58/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-58/par-4
If there are any special provisions in the exchange or market in question with regard to the particulars specified in paragraph (1) or paragraph (2), those provisions prevail.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 第一項の取引を継続して行うためにその当事者間で締結された基本契約において、その基本契約に基づいて行われるすべての同項の取引に係る契約につき生ずる第二項に規定する損害賠償の債権又は債務を差引計算して決済する旨の定めをしたときは、請求することができる損害賠償の額の算定については、その定めに従う。
art-58/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-58/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-58/par-5
If, under a basic contract concluded for performing transactions stated in paragraph (1) continuously by the parties to the transactions, there is an agreement to the effect that claims and liabilities of compensation for damages prescribed in paragraph (2) arising from all contracts for transactions prescribed in paragraph (1) enforced under the basic contract is settled on a net basis, such an agreement prevails with regard to the calculation of the claimable amount of damages.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第五十九条（交互計算） — (Open Accounts)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-59 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-59 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-59
**第一項** 交互計算は、当事者の一方について破産手続が開始されたときは、終了する。この場合においては、各当事者は、計算を閉鎖して、残額の支払を請求することができる。
art-59/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-59/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-59/par-1
Open accounts terminate when a bankruptcy proceeding is commenced against either party to the account. In this case, each party may close the account and claim payment of the balance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定による請求権は、破産者が有するときは破産財団に属し、相手方が有するときは破産債権とする。
art-59/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-59/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-59/par-2
The claim under the provisions of the preceding paragraph belongs to the bankruptcy estate if it is held by the bankrupt, or is a bankruptcy claim if it is held by the other party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六十条（為替手形の引受け又は支払等） — (Acceptance or Payment of Bills of Exchange)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-60 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-60 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-60
**第一項** 為替手形の振出人又は裏書人について破産手続が開始された場合において、支払人又は予備支払人がその事実を知らないで引受け又は支払をしたときは、その支払人又は予備支払人は、これによって生じた債権につき、破産債権者としてその権利を行使することができる。
art-60/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-60/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-60/par-1
When bankruptcy proceedings are commenced against the drawer or endorser of a bill of exchange, if the drawee or the backup drawee has accepted or paid the bill without knowing the commencement, the drawee or the backup drawee may exercise their right over a claim arising from the acceptance or payment as a bankruptcy creditor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、小切手及び金銭その他の物又は有価証券の給付を目的とする有価証券について準用する。
art-60/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-60/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-60/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to checks and money and other items or securities issued for the delivery of payment.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第五十一条の規定は、前二項の規定の適用について準用する。
art-60/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-60/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-60/par-3
The provisions of Article 51 apply mutatis mutandis to the application of the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六十一条（夫婦財産関係における管理者の変更等） — (Change of Administrators of Matrimonial Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-61 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-61 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-61
**第一項** 民法第七百五十八条第二項及び第三項並びに第七百五十九条の規定は配偶者の財産を管理する者につき破産手続が開始された場合について、同法第八百三十五条の規定は親権を行う者につき破産手続が開始された場合について準用する。
art-61/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-61/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-61/par-1
The provisions of Article 758, paragraphs (2) and (3), and Article 759 of the Civil Code apply mutatis mutandis when bankruptcy proceedings are commenced against a husband or wife who administers the property of their spouse, and the provisions of Article 835 of that Code apply mutatis mutandis when bankruptcy proceedings are commenced against a person that exercises parental authority.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三款 取戻権 — Subsection 3 Right of Segregation
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
ch-2/sec-3/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-3
### 第六十二条（取戻権） — (Right of Segregation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-62 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-62 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-62
**第一項** 破産手続の開始は、破産者に属しない財産を破産財団から取り戻す権利（第六十四条及び第七十八条第二項第十三号において「取戻権」という。）に影響を及ぼさない。
art-62/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-62/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-62/par-1
The commencement of bankruptcy proceedings does not affect the right to segregate, from the bankruptcy estate, property that does not belong to the bankrupt (referred to as a "right of segregation" in Article 64 and Article 78, paragraph (2), item (xiii)).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六十三条（運送中の物品の売主等の取戻権） — (Right of Segregation of the Seller over Goods in Transit)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-63 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-63 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-63
**第一項** 売主が売買の目的である物品を買主に発送した場合において、買主がまだ代金の全額を弁済せず、かつ、到達地でその物品を受け取らない間に買主について破産手続開始の決定があったときは、売主は、その物品を取り戻すことができる。ただし、破産管財人が代金の全額を支払ってその物品の引渡しを請求することを妨げない。
art-63/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-63/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-63/par-1
When the seller has sent the goods that are the subject matter of sale to the buyer, if an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings is made against the buyer while the buyer has not yet paid the price in full and not yet received the goods at the destination, the seller may retrieve the goods; provided, however, that this does not preclude a bankruptcy trustee from requesting the delivery of the goods by paying the price in full.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、第五十三条第一項及び第二項の規定の適用を妨げない。
art-63/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-63/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-63/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not preclude the application of the provisions of Article 53, paragraphs (1) and (2).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の規定は、物品の買入れの委託を受けた問屋がその物品を委託者に発送した場合について準用する。この場合において、同項中「代金」とあるのは、「報酬及び費用」と読み替えるものとする。
art-63/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-63/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-63/par-3
The provisions of paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis when the commission merchant that is commissioned to purchase goods has sent the goods to the consigner. In this case, the term "price" in that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "remuneration and expenses".
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六十四条（代償的取戻権） — (Rights of Substitutional Segregation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-64 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-64 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-64
**第一項** 破産者（保全管理人が選任されている場合にあっては、保全管理人）が破産手続開始前に取戻権の目的である財産を譲り渡した場合には、当該財産について取戻権を有する者は、反対給付の請求権の移転を請求することができる。破産管財人が取戻権の目的である財産を譲り渡した場合も、同様とする。
art-64/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-64/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-64/par-1
If the bankrupt (or a temporary administrator if any temporary administrator is appointed) has transferred property that is the subject matter of a right of segregation prior to the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings to a third party, the person that has a right of segregation over the property may request the transfer of a claim for counter-performance. The same applies when a bankruptcy trustee transfers property that is the subject matter of a right of segregation to a third party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合において、破産管財人が反対給付を受けたときは、同項の取戻権を有する者は、破産管財人が反対給付として受けた財産の給付を請求することができる。
art-64/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-64/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-64/par-2
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if a bankruptcy trustee has received counter-performance, the person that has a right of segregation stated in that paragraph may request the delivery of the property received by the bankruptcy trustee as the counter-performance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四款 別除権 — Subsection 4 Right of Separate Satisfaction
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
ch-2/sec-3/subsec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-4
### 第六十五条（別除権） — (Right of Separate Satisfaction)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-65 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-65 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-65
**第一項** 別除権は、破産手続によらないで、行使することができる。
art-65/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-65/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-65/par-1
A right of separate satisfaction may be exercised without going through bankruptcy proceedings.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 担保権（特別の先取特権、質権又は抵当権をいう。以下この項において同じ。）の目的である財産が破産管財人による任意売却その他の事由により破産財団に属しないこととなった場合において当該担保権がなお存続するときにおける当該担保権を有する者も、その目的である財産について別除権を有する。
art-65/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-65/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-65/par-2
If property that is the subject matter of a security interest (meaning a special statutory lien, pledge, or mortgage; the same applies below in this paragraph) no longer belongs to the bankruptcy estate due to sale by private contract by a bankruptcy trustee or for any other reason, the person that has the security interest may also have a right of separate satisfaction over the property that is the subject matter of the security interest if it still exists.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六十六条（留置権の取扱い） — (Handling of Rights of Retention)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-66 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-66 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-66
**第一項** 破産手続開始の時において破産財団に属する財産につき存する商法又は会社法の規定による留置権は、破産財団に対しては特別の先取特権とみなす。
art-66/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-66/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-66/par-1
A right of retention under the provisions of the Commercial Code or the Companies Act that exists at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings over property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate is deemed to be a special statutory lien against the bankruptcy estate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の特別の先取特権は、民法その他の法律の規定による他の特別の先取特権に後れる。
art-66/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-66/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-66/par-2
The special statutory lien stated in the preceding paragraph is subordinate to any other special statutory lien under the provisions of the Civil Code or any other Acts.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項に規定するものを除き、破産手続開始の時において破産財団に属する財産につき存する留置権は、破産財団に対してはその効力を失う。
art-66/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-66/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-66/par-3
Except for the one prescribed in paragraph (1), a right of retention that exists at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings over property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate ceases to be effective against the bankruptcy estate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第五款 相殺権 — Subsection 5 Right to Set-Off
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
ch-2/sec-3/subsec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/ch-2/sec-3/subsec-5
### 第六十七条（相殺権） — (Right to Set-Off)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-67 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-67 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-67
**第一項** 破産債権者は、破産手続開始の時において破産者に対して債務を負担するときは、破産手続によらないで、相殺をすることができる。
art-67/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-67/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-67/par-1
If owing a debt to the bankrupt at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, a bankruptcy creditor may offset the debt without going through bankruptcy proceedings.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 破産債権者の有する債権が破産手続開始の時において期限付若しくは解除条件付であるとき、又は第百三条第二項第一号に掲げるものであるときでも、破産債権者が前項の規定により相殺をすることを妨げない。破産債権者の負担する債務が期限付若しくは条件付であるとき、又は将来の請求権に関するものであるときも、同様とする。
art-67/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-67/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-67/par-2
Even when a claim held by a bankruptcy creditor is subject to a due date or condition subsequent at the time of the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings or it falls within the category of claims stated in Article 103, paragraph (2), item (i), this does not preclude the bankruptcy creditor from offsetting a debt pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph. The same applies when a debt owed by a bankruptcy creditor is subject to a due date or condition or it relates to a claim which may arise in the future.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六十八条（相殺に供することができる破産債権の額） — (Amount of Bankruptcy Claim Permissible for Set-Off)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-68 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-68 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-68
**第一項** 破産債権者が前条の規定により相殺をする場合の破産債権の額は、第百三条第二項各号に掲げる債権の区分に応じ、それぞれ当該各号に定める額とする。
art-68/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-68/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-68/par-1
The amount of a bankruptcy claim for which a bankruptcy creditor offsets a debt pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article is the amount specified in each item of Article 103, paragraph (2) for the categories of claims listed in the respective items.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定にかかわらず、破産債権者の有する債権が無利息債権又は定期金債権であるときは、その破産債権者は、その債権の債権額から第九十九条第一項第二号から第四号までに掲げる部分の額を控除した額の限度においてのみ、相殺をすることができる。
art-68/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-68/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-68/par-2
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if a claim held by a bankruptcy creditor is a claim without interest or a claim for periodic payments, the bankruptcy creditor may offset a debt only up to the amount of the creditor's claim after deducting the amount of the portion stated in Article 99, paragraph (1), items (ii) through (iv).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第六十九条（解除条件付債権を有する者による相殺） — (Set-Off by Holder of Claims Subject to Condition Subsequent)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-69 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-69 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-69
**第一項** 解除条件付債権を有する者が相殺をするときは、その相殺によって消滅する債務の額について、破産財団のために、担保を供し、又は寄託をしなければならない。
art-69/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-69/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-69/par-1
When a person that holds a claim subject to a condition subsequent offsets a debt, in the interest of the bankruptcy estate, the person must provide security for or make a contractual deposit of the amount of their debt to be extinguished by the set-off.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七十条（停止条件付債権等を有する者による寄託の請求） — (Requests for Bailments by Holders of Claims Subject to Condition Precedent)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-70 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-70 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-70
**第一項** 停止条件付債権又は将来の請求権を有する者は、破産者に対する債務を弁済する場合には、後に相殺をするため、その債権額の限度において弁済額の寄託を請求することができる。敷金の返還請求権を有する者が破産者に対する賃料債務を弁済する場合も、同様とする。
art-70/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-70/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-70/par-1
If a person that holds a claim subject to a condition precedent or a claim which may arise in the future pays their debt to the bankrupt, in order to offset a debt later, the person may request a bailment of the amount of payment up to the amount of their claim. The same applies when a person that holds a claim to refund the security deposit pays their rent debt.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七十一条（相殺の禁止） — (Stay of Set-Offs)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-71 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-71 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-71
**第一項** 破産債権者は、次に掲げる場合には、相殺をすることができない。
art-71/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-71/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-71/par-1
A bankruptcy creditor may not effect a set-off in the following cases:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 破産手続開始後に破産財団に対して債務を負担したとき。
art-71/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-71/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-71/par-1/item-1
if the bankruptcy creditor has incurred a debt to the bankruptcy estate after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 支払不能になった後に契約によって負担する債務を専ら破産債権をもってする相殺に供する目的で破産者の財産の処分を内容とする契約を破産者との間で締結し、又は破産者に対して債務を負担する者の債務を引き受けることを内容とする契約を締結することにより破産者に対して債務を負担した場合であって、当該契約の締結の当時、支払不能であったことを知っていたとき。
art-71/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-71/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-71/par-1/item-2
if the bankruptcy creditor has incurred a debt to the bankrupt after the bankrupt became unable to pay debts, under a contract with the bankrupt for disposing of the bankrupt's property with the intent to offset any debt to be incurred by the bankruptcy creditor under the contract exclusively against bankruptcy claims, or under a contract for incurring any debt owed by another person to the bankrupt, and the bankruptcy creditor knew that the bankrupt was unable to pay debts at the time of the conclusion of the contract;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 支払の停止があった後に破産者に対して債務を負担した場合であって、その負担の当時、支払の停止があったことを知っていたとき。ただし、当該支払の停止があった時において支払不能でなかったときは、この限りでない。
art-71/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-71/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-71/par-1/item-3
if the bankruptcy creditor has incurred a debt to the bankrupt after the bankrupt suspended payments, and the bankruptcy creditor knew the fact that the bankrupt had suspended payments at the time of incurring of the debt; provided, however, that this does not apply if the bankrupt was not unable to pay debts at the time when the bankrupt suspended payments; and
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 破産手続開始の申立てがあった後に破産者に対して債務を負担した場合であって、その負担の当時、破産手続開始の申立てがあったことを知っていたとき。
art-71/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-71/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-71/par-1/item-4
if the bankruptcy creditor has incurred a debt to the bankrupt after a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings was filed, and the bankruptcy creditor knew of the fact that a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings had been filed at the time of incurring that debt.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項第二号から第四号までの規定は、これらの規定に規定する債務の負担が次の各号に掲げる原因のいずれかに基づく場合には、適用しない。
art-71/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-71/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-71/par-2
The provisions of item (ii) through item (iv) of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the incurring of a debt prescribed in these provisions stems from any of the causes listed in the following items:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 法定の原因
art-71/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-71/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-71/par-2/item-1
a statutory cause;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 支払不能であったこと又は支払の停止若しくは破産手続開始の申立てがあったことを破産債権者が知った時より前に生じた原因
art-71/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-71/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-71/par-2/item-2
a cause that had occurred before the bankruptcy creditor came to know the fact that the bankrupt had been unable to pay debts, that the bankrupt had suspended payments, or that a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings had been filed; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 破産手続開始の申立てがあった時より一年以上前に生じた原因
art-71/par-2/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-71/par-2/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-71/par-2/item-3
a cause that had occurred not less than one year before a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings was filed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七十二条
art-72 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-72 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-72
**第一項** 破産者に対して債務を負担する者は、次に掲げる場合には、相殺をすることができない。
art-72/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-72/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-72/par-1
A person that owes a debt to the bankrupt may not offset a debt in the following cases:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 破産手続開始後に他人の破産債権を取得したとき。
art-72/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-72/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-72/par-1/item-1
when the person has acquired another person's bankruptcy claim after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 支払不能になった後に破産債権を取得した場合であって、その取得の当時、支払不能であったことを知っていたとき。
art-72/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-72/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-72/par-1/item-2
when the person has acquired a bankruptcy claim after the bankrupt became unable to pay debts, and the person knew the fact that the bankrupt was unable to pay debts at the time of acquisition of the claim;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 支払の停止があった後に破産債権を取得した場合であって、その取得の当時、支払の停止があったことを知っていたとき。ただし、当該支払の停止があった時において支払不能でなかったときは、この限りでない。
art-72/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-72/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-72/par-1/item-3
when the person has acquired a bankruptcy claim after the bankrupt suspended payments, and the person knew the fact that the bankrupt had suspended payments at the time of acquisition of the claim; provided, however, that this does not apply if the bankrupt was not unable to pay debts at the time when the bankrupt suspended payments; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 破産手続開始の申立てがあった後に破産債権を取得した場合であって、その取得の当時、破産手続開始の申立てがあったことを知っていたとき。
art-72/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-72/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-72/par-1/item-4
when the person has acquired a bankruptcy claim after a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings was filed, and the person knew the fact that a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings had been filed at the time of acquisition of the claim.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項第二号から第四号までの規定は、これらの規定に規定する破産債権の取得が次の各号に掲げる原因のいずれかに基づく場合には、適用しない。
art-72/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-72/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-72/par-2
The provisions of items (ii) through (iv) of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the acquisition of a bankruptcy claim prescribed in these provisions stems from any of the causes stated in the following items:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 法定の原因
art-72/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-72/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-72/par-2/item-1
a statutory cause;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 支払不能であったこと又は支払の停止若しくは破産手続開始の申立てがあったことを破産者に対して債務を負担する者が知った時より前に生じた原因
art-72/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-72/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-72/par-2/item-2
a cause that had occurred before the person that owes a debt to the bankrupt came to know the fact that the bankrupt had been unable to pay debts, that the bankrupt had suspended payments, or that a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings had been filed;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 破産手続開始の申立てがあった時より一年以上前に生じた原因
art-72/par-2/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-72/par-2/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-72/par-2/item-3
a cause that had occurred more than one year before a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings was filed; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 破産者に対して債務を負担する者と破産者との間の契約
art-72/par-2/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-72/par-2/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-72/par-2/item-4
a contract concluded between the bankrupt and the person that owes a debt to the bankrupt.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七十三条（破産管財人の催告権） — (Bankruptcy Trustee's Rights of Demand)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-73 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-73 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-73
**第一項** 破産管財人は、第三十一条第一項第三号の期間が経過した後又は同号の期日が終了した後は、第六十七条の規定により相殺をすることができる破産債権者に対し、一月以上の期間を定め、その期間内に当該破産債権をもって相殺をするかどうかを確答すべき旨を催告することができる。ただし、破産債権者の負担する債務が弁済期にあるときに限る。
art-73/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-73/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-73/par-1
After the period stated in Article 31, paragraph (1), item (iii) expires or the date stated in Article 31, paragraph (1), item (iii) ends, a bankruptcy trustee may set a period of not less than one month and make a demand on a bankruptcy creditor that is able to offset a debt pursuant to the provisions of Article 67, that the bankruptcy creditor should give a definite answer within that period with regard to whether they will effect a set-off, with their bankruptcy claim; provided, however, that this does apply only if the debt owed by the bankruptcy creditor is due.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定による催告があった場合において、破産債権者が同項の規定により定めた期間内に確答をしないときは、当該破産債権者は、破産手続の関係においては、当該破産債権についての相殺の効力を主張することができない。
art-73/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-73/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-73/par-2
If a demand under the provisions of the preceding paragraph is made, the bankruptcy creditor may not assert the effect of offsetting debt in their bankruptcy claim in bankruptcy proceedings if the bankruptcy creditor fails to give a definite answer within the period specified under the provisions of that paragraph, .
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
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## Cites
- art-15/par-1: 第三十条第一項 → 破産法 第三十条第一項 (Article 30, paragraph (1)), art-30/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-30/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-30/par-1
- art-16/par-1: 前条第一項 → 破産法 第十五条第一項 (Article 15, paragraph (1)), art-15/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-15/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-15/par-1
- art-16/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第十六条第一項 (Article 16, paragraph (1)), art-16/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-16/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-16/par-1
- art-19/par-1/item-2: 保険業法（平成七年法律第百五号）第二条第五項 → e-Gov law 407AC0000000105, 第二条第五項 (Article 2, paragraph (5)), art-2/par-5 — not held in this collection
- art-19/par-1/item-2: 第百五十条第六項第三号 → 破産法 第百五十条第六項第三号 (Article 150, paragraph (6), item (iii)), art-150/par-6/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-150/par-6/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-150/par-6/item-3
- art-19/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第十九条第一項 (Article 19, paragraph (1)), art-19/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-19/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-19/par-1
- art-19/par-3: 前二項 → 破産法 第十九条第一項 (Article 19, paragraph (1)), art-19/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-19/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-19/par-1
- art-19/par-3: 前二項 → 破産法 第十九条第二項 (Article 19, paragraph (2)), art-19/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-19/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-19/par-2
- art-19/par-4: 前三項 → 破産法 第十九条第一項 (Article 19, paragraph (1)), art-19/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-19/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-19/par-1
- art-19/par-4: 前三項 → 破産法 第十九条第二項 (Article 19, paragraph (2)), art-19/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-19/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-19/par-2
- art-19/par-4: 前三項 → 破産法 第十九条第三項 (Article 19, paragraph (3)), art-19/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-19/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-19/par-3
- art-21/par-1: 前条第一項 → 破産法 第二十条第一項 (Article 20, paragraph (1)), art-20/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-20/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-20/par-1
- art-21/par-1: この条 → 破産法 第二十一条 (Article 21), art-21 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-21 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-21
- art-21/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第二十一条第一項 (Article 21, paragraph (1)), art-21/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-21/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-21/par-1
- art-21/par-3: 第一項 → 破産法 第二十一条第一項 (Article 21, paragraph (1)), art-21/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-21/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-21/par-1
- art-21/par-4: 前項 → 破産法 第二十一条第三項 (Article 21, paragraph (3)), art-21/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-21/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-21/par-3
- art-21/par-5: 第三項 → 破産法 第二十一条第三項 (Article 21, paragraph (3)), art-21/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-21/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-21/par-3
- art-21/par-5: 第一項 → 破産法 第二十一条第一項 (Article 21, paragraph (1)), art-21/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-21/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-21/par-1
- art-21/par-6: 第一項 → 破産法 第二十一条第一項 (Article 21, paragraph (1)), art-21/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-21/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-21/par-1
- art-21/par-6: 前項 → 破産法 第二十一条第五項 (Article 21, paragraph (5)), art-21/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-21/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-21/par-5
- art-21/par-7: 前項 → 破産法 第二十一条第六項 (Article 21, paragraph (6)), art-21/par-6 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-21/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-21/par-6
- art-23/par-2: 前条第一項 → 破産法 第二十二条第一項 (Article 22, paragraph (1)), art-22/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-22/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-22/par-1
- art-23/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第二十三条第一項 (Article 23, paragraph (1)), art-23/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-23/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-23/par-1
- art-24/par-1: 第一号 → 破産法 第二十四条第一項第一号 (Article 24, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-24/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-1/item-1
- art-24/par-1: 第六号 → 破産法 第二十四条第一項第六号 (Article 24, paragraph (1), item (vi)), art-24/par-1/item-6 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-1/item-6
- art-24/par-1: 第五号 → 破産法 第二十四条第一項第五号 (Article 24, paragraph (1), item (v)), art-24/par-1/item-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-1/item-5
- art-24/par-1/item-1: この項 → 破産法 第二十四条第一項 (Article 24, paragraph (1)), art-24/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-1
- art-24/par-1/item-1: 次条第八項 → 破産法 第二十五条第八項 (Article 25, paragraph (8)), art-25/par-8 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-25/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-25/par-8
- art-24/par-1/item-5: 同法第四十三条第五項 → e-Gov law 350AC0000000095, 第四十三条第五項 (Article 43, paragraph (5)), art-43/par-5 — not held in this collection
- art-24/par-1/item-5: 同法第三十一条 → e-Gov law 350AC0000000095, 第三十一条 (Article 31), art-31 — not held in this collection
- art-24/par-1/item-5: 第三十二条 → e-Gov law 350AC0000000095, 第三十二条 (Article 32), art-32 — not held in this collection
- art-24/par-1/item-5: 同法第四十三条第六項 → e-Gov law 350AC0000000095, 第四十三条第六項 (Article 43, paragraph (6)), art-43/par-6 — not held in this collection
- art-24/par-1/item-5: 第九条 → e-Gov law 350AC0000000094, 第九条 (Article 9), art-9 — not held in this collection
- art-24/par-1/item-5: 第十条 → e-Gov law 350AC0000000094, 第十条 (Article 10), art-10 — not held in this collection
- art-24/par-1/item-5: 第十六条 → e-Gov law 350AC0000000094, 第十六条 (Article 16), art-16 — not held in this collection
- art-24/par-1/item-5: 第五十四条 → e-Gov law 350AC0000000094, 第五十四条 (Article 54), art-54 — not held in this collection
- art-24/par-1/item-5: 船舶油濁等損害賠償保障法第五十一条第五項 → e-Gov law 350AC0000000095, 第五十一条第五項 (Article 51, paragraph (5)), art-51/par-5 — not held in this collection
- art-24/par-1/item-5: 同法第五十一条第六項 → e-Gov law 350AC0000000095, 第五十一条第六項 (Article 51, paragraph (6)), art-51/par-6 — not held in this collection
- art-24/par-1/item-5: 第二百六十三条 → 破産法 第二百六十三条 (Article 263), art-263 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-263 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-263
- art-24/par-1/item-5: 第二百六十四条第一項 → 破産法 第二百六十四条第一項 (Article 264, paragraph (1)), art-264/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-264/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-264/par-1
- art-24/par-1/item-6: 第百三条第五項 → 破産法 第百三条第五項 (Article 103, paragraph (5)), art-103/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-103/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-103/par-5
- art-24/par-1/item-6: 第二百五十三条第四項 → 破産法 第二百五十三条第四項 (Article 253, paragraph (4)), art-253/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-253/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253/par-4
- art-24/par-1/item-6: 第十一条第一項 → e-Gov law 344AC0000000046, 第十一条第一項 (Article 11, paragraph (1)), art-11/par-1 — not held in this collection
- art-24/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第二十四条第一項 (Article 24, paragraph (1)), art-24/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-1
- art-24/par-3: 第九十一条第二項 → 破産法 第九十一条第二項 (Article 91, paragraph (2)), art-91/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-91/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-91/par-2
- art-24/par-3: 第一項 → 破産法 第二十四条第一項 (Article 24, paragraph (1)), art-24/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-1
- art-24/par-4: 第一項 → 破産法 第二十四条第一項 (Article 24, paragraph (1)), art-24/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-1
- art-24/par-4: 第二項 → 破産法 第二十四条第二項 (Article 24, paragraph (2)), art-24/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-2
- art-24/par-4: 前項 → 破産法 第二十四条第三項 (Article 24, paragraph (3)), art-24/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-3
- art-24/par-5: 前項 → 破産法 第二十四条第四項 (Article 24, paragraph (4)), art-24/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-4
- art-24/par-6: 第四項 → 破産法 第二十四条第四項 (Article 24, paragraph (4)), art-24/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-4
- art-25/par-1: 前条第一項第一号 → 破産法 第二十四条第一項第一号 (Article 24, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-24/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-1/item-1
- art-25/par-1: 第六号 → 破産法 第二十四条第一項第六号 (Article 24, paragraph (1), item (vi)), art-24/par-1/item-6 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-1/item-6
- art-25/par-1: 第二十八条第一項 → 破産法 第二十八条第一項 (Article 28, paragraph (1)), art-28/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-28/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-28/par-1
- art-25/par-1: 第九十一条第二項 → 破産法 第九十一条第二項 (Article 91, paragraph (2)), art-91/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-91/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-91/par-2
- art-25/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第二十五条第一項 (Article 25, paragraph (1)), art-25/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-25/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-25/par-1
- art-25/par-5: 第九十一条第二項 → 破産法 第九十一条第二項 (Article 91, paragraph (2)), art-91/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-91/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-91/par-2
- art-25/par-5: 第三項 → 破産法 第二十五条第三項 (Article 25, paragraph (3)), art-25/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-25/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-25/par-3
- art-25/par-6: 第四項 → 破産法 第二十五条第四項 (Article 25, paragraph (4)), art-25/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-25/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-25/par-4
- art-25/par-6: 前項 → 破産法 第二十五条第五項 (Article 25, paragraph (5)), art-25/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-25/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-25/par-5
- art-25/par-7: 前項 → 破産法 第二十五条第六項 (Article 25, paragraph (6)), art-25/par-6 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-25/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-25/par-6
- art-26/par-1: 次項 → 破産法 第二十六条第二項 (Article 26, paragraph (2)), art-26/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-26/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-26/par-2
- art-26/par-3: 前条第六項 → 破産法 第二十五条第六項 (Article 25, paragraph (6)), art-25/par-6 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-25/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-25/par-6
- art-27/par-1: 第二十五条第三項 → 破産法 第二十五条第三項 (Article 25, paragraph (3)), art-25/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-25/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-25/par-3
- art-27/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第二十七条第一項 (Article 27, paragraph (1)), art-27/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-27/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-27/par-1
- art-27/par-3: 第一項 → 破産法 第二十七条第一項 (Article 27, paragraph (1)), art-27/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-27/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-27/par-1
- art-27/par-3: 前項 → 破産法 第二十七条第二項 (Article 27, paragraph (2)), art-27/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-27/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-27/par-2
- art-27/par-3: 次項 → 破産法 第二十七条第四項 (Article 27, paragraph (4)), art-27/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-27/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-27/par-4
- art-27/par-3: 第六項 → 破産法 第二十七条第六項 (Article 27, paragraph (6)), art-27/par-6 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-27/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-27/par-6
- art-27/par-3: 第二十五条第八項 → 破産法 第二十五条第八項 (Article 25, paragraph (8)), art-25/par-8 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-25/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-25/par-8
- art-27/par-4: 第一項 → 破産法 第二十七条第一項 (Article 27, paragraph (1)), art-27/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-27/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-27/par-1
- art-27/par-5: 前項 → 破産法 第二十七条第四項 (Article 27, paragraph (4)), art-27/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-27/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-27/par-4
- art-27/par-6: 第一項 → 破産法 第二十七条第一項 (Article 27, paragraph (1)), art-27/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-27/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-27/par-1
- art-27/par-6: 第四項 → 破産法 第二十七条第四項 (Article 27, paragraph (4)), art-27/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-27/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-27/par-4
- art-27/par-6: 第十条第三項 → 破産法 第十条第三項 (Article 10, paragraph (3)), art-10/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-10/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-10/par-3
- art-28/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第二十八条第一項 (Article 28, paragraph (1)), art-28/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-28/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-28/par-1
- art-28/par-3: 第一項 → 破産法 第二十八条第一項 (Article 28, paragraph (1)), art-28/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-28/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-28/par-1
- art-28/par-3: 前項 → 破産法 第二十八条第二項 (Article 28, paragraph (2)), art-28/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-28/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-28/par-2
- art-28/par-4: 前項 → 破産法 第二十八条第三項 (Article 28, paragraph (3)), art-28/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-28/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-28/par-3
- art-28/par-5: 第三項 → 破産法 第二十八条第三項 (Article 28, paragraph (3)), art-28/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-28/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-28/par-3
- art-28/par-5: 第十条第三項 → 破産法 第十条第三項 (Article 10, paragraph (3)), art-10/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-10/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-10/par-3
- art-28/par-6: 第一項 → 破産法 第二十八条第一項 (Article 28, paragraph (1)), art-28/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-28/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-28/par-1
- art-29/par-1: 第二十四条第一項 → 破産法 第二十四条第一項 (Article 24, paragraph (1)), art-24/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-1
- art-29/par-1: 前条第一項 → 破産法 第二十八条第一項 (Article 28, paragraph (1)), art-28/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-28/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-28/par-1
- art-29/par-1: 第九十一条第二項 → 破産法 第九十一条第二項 (Article 91, paragraph (2)), art-91/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-91/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-91/par-2
- art-29/par-1: 第百七十一条第一項 → 破産法 第百七十一条第一項 (Article 171, paragraph (1)), art-171/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-171/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-171/par-1
- art-30/par-1/item-1: 第二十三条第一項 → 破産法 第二十三条第一項 (Article 23, paragraph (1)), art-23/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-23/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-23/par-1
- art-30/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第三十条第一項 (Article 30, paragraph (1)), art-30/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-30/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-30/par-1
- art-31/par-1/item-2: 第四項 → 破産法 第三十一条第四項 (Article 31, paragraph (4)), art-31/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-4
- art-31/par-1/item-2: 第百三十六条第二項 → 破産法 第百三十六条第二項 (Article 136, paragraph (2)), art-136/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-136/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-136/par-2
- art-31/par-1/item-2: 第三項 → 破産法 第百三十六条第三項 (Article 136, paragraph (3)), art-136/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-136/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-136/par-3
- art-31/par-1/item-2: 第百五十八条 → 破産法 第百五十八条 (Article 158), art-158 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-158 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-158
- art-31/par-1/item-3: 第百十六条第二項 → 破産法 第百十六条第二項 (Article 116, paragraph (2)), art-116/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-116/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-116/par-2
- art-31/par-2: 前項第一号 → 破産法 第三十一条第一項第一号 (Article 31, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-31/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-1/item-1
- art-31/par-2: 第三号 → 破産法 第三十一条第一項第三号 (Article 31, paragraph (1), item (iii)), art-31/par-1/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-1/item-3
- art-31/par-3: 前項 → 破産法 第三十一条第二項 (Article 31, paragraph (2)), art-31/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-2
- art-31/par-3: 第一項第一号 → 破産法 第三十一条第一項第一号 (Article 31, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-31/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-1/item-1
- art-31/par-3: 同項第三号 → 破産法 第三十一条第一項第三号 (Article 31, paragraph (1), item (iii)), art-31/par-1/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-1/item-3
- art-31/par-4: 第一項第二号 → 破産法 第三十一条第一項第二号 (Article 31, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-31/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-1/item-2
- art-31/par-5: 第一項 → 破産法 第三十一条第一項 (Article 31, paragraph (1)), art-31/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-1
- art-31/par-5: 次条第四項 → 破産法 第三十二条第四項 (Article 32, paragraph (4)), art-32/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-4
- art-31/par-5: 第五項 → 破産法 第三十二条第五項 (Article 32, paragraph (5)), art-32/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-5
- art-31/par-5: 同条第三項第一号 → 破産法 第三十二条第三項第一号 (Article 32, paragraph (3), item (i)), art-32/par-3/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-3/item-1
- art-31/par-5: 第三十三条第三項 → 破産法 第三十三条第三項 (Article 33, paragraph (3)), art-33/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-33/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-33/par-3
- art-31/par-5: 第百三十九条第三項 → 破産法 第百三十九条第三項 (Article 139, paragraph (3)), art-139/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-139/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-139/par-3
- art-31/par-5: 次条第二項 → 破産法 第三十二条第二項 (Article 32, paragraph (2)), art-32/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-2
- art-31/par-5: 第百十一条 → 破産法 第百十一条 (Article 111), art-111 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-111 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-111
- art-31/par-5: 第百十二条 → 破産法 第百十二条 (Article 112), art-112 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-112 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-112
- art-31/par-5: 第百十四条 → 破産法 第百十四条 (Article 114), art-114 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-114 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-114
- art-32/par-1/item-3: 前条第一項 → 破産法 第三十一条第一項 (Article 31, paragraph (1)), art-31/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-1
- art-32/par-1/item-4: 第三項第二号 → 破産法 第三十二条第三項第二号 (Article 32, paragraph (3), item (ii)), art-32/par-3/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-3/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-3/item-2
- art-32/par-1/item-5: 第二百四条第一項第二号 → 破産法 第二百四条第一項第二号 (Article 204, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-204/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-204/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-204/par-1/item-2
- art-32/par-1/item-5: 前条第一項第三号 → 破産法 第三十一条第一項第三号 (Article 31, paragraph (1), item (iii)), art-31/par-1/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-1/item-3
- art-32/par-2: 前条第五項 → 破産法 第三十一条第五項 (Article 31, paragraph (5)), art-31/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-5
- art-32/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第三十二条第一項 (Article 32, paragraph (1)), art-32/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-1
- art-32/par-2: 第四項 → 破産法 第三十二条第四項 (Article 32, paragraph (4)), art-32/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-4
- art-32/par-2: 第五項 → 破産法 第三十二条第五項 (Article 32, paragraph (5)), art-32/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-5
- art-32/par-2: 次項第一号 → 破産法 第三十二条第三項第一号 (Article 32, paragraph (3), item (i)), art-32/par-3/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-3/item-1
- art-32/par-2: 次条第三項 → 破産法 第三十三条第三項 (Article 33, paragraph (3)), art-33/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-33/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-33/par-3
- art-32/par-2: 第百三十九条第三項 → 破産法 第百三十九条第三項 (Article 139, paragraph (3)), art-139/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-139/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-139/par-3
- art-32/par-3: 前二項 → 破産法 第三十二条第一項 (Article 32, paragraph (1)), art-32/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-1
- art-32/par-3: 前二項 → 破産法 第三十二条第二項 (Article 32, paragraph (2)), art-32/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-2
- art-32/par-3/item-3: 第九十一条第二項 → 破産法 第九十一条第二項 (Article 91, paragraph (2)), art-91/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-91/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-91/par-2
- art-32/par-3/item-4: 第七十八条第四項 → 破産法 第七十八条第四項 (Article 78, paragraph (4)), art-78/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-78/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-78/par-4
- art-32/par-3/item-4: 第百三十六条第三項 → 破産法 第百三十六条第三項 (Article 136, paragraph (3)), art-136/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-136/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-136/par-3
- art-32/par-4: 第一項第三号 → 破産法 第三十二条第一項第三号 (Article 32, paragraph (1), item (iii)), art-32/par-1/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-1/item-3
- art-32/par-4: 前項第一号 → 破産法 第三十二条第三項第一号 (Article 32, paragraph (3), item (i)), art-32/par-3/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-3/item-1
- art-32/par-4: 前条第三項 → 破産法 第三十一条第三項 (Article 31, paragraph (3)), art-31/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-3
- art-32/par-4: 同条第一項第一号 → 破産法 第三十一条第一項第一号 (Article 31, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-31/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-1/item-1
- art-32/par-4: 同項第三号 → 破産法 第三十一条第一項第三号 (Article 31, paragraph (1), item (iii)), art-31/par-1/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-1/item-3
- art-32/par-4: 同条第五項 → 破産法 第三十一条第五項 (Article 31, paragraph (5)), art-31/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-5
- art-32/par-5: 第一項第二号 → 破産法 第三十二条第一項第二号 (Article 32, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-32/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-1/item-2
- art-32/par-5: 第三項第一号 → 破産法 第三十二条第三項第一号 (Article 32, paragraph (3), item (i)), art-32/par-3/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-3/item-1
- art-32/par-5: 第二号 → 破産法 第三十二条第三項第二号 (Article 32, paragraph (3), item (ii)), art-32/par-3/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-3/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-3/item-2
- art-32/par-5: 第一項第三号 → 破産法 第三十二条第一項第三号 (Article 32, paragraph (1), item (iii)), art-32/par-1/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-1/item-3
- art-32/par-5: 前条第一項第一号 → 破産法 第三十一条第一項第一号 (Article 31, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-31/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-1/item-1
- art-32/par-5: 同項第二号 → 破産法 第三十一条第一項第二号 (Article 31, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-31/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-1/item-2
- art-32/par-5: 同条第五項 → 破産法 第三十一条第五項 (Article 31, paragraph (5)), art-31/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-5
- art-33/par-2: 第二十四条から第二十八条まで → 破産法 第二十四条 (Article 24), art-24 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-24 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24
- art-33/par-2: 第二十四条から第二十八条まで → 破産法 第二十五条 (Article 25), art-25 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-25 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-25
- art-33/par-2: 第二十四条から第二十八条まで → 破産法 第二十六条 (Article 26), art-26 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-26 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-26
- art-33/par-2: 第二十四条から第二十八条まで → 破産法 第二十七条 (Article 27), art-27 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-27 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-27
- art-33/par-2: 第二十四条から第二十八条まで → 破産法 第二十八条 (Article 28), art-28 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-28 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-28
- art-33/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第三十三条第一項 (Article 33, paragraph (1)), art-33/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-33/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-33/par-1
- art-33/par-3: 第一項 → 破産法 第三十三条第一項 (Article 33, paragraph (1)), art-33/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-33/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-33/par-1
- art-33/par-3: 前条第三項 → 破産法 第三十二条第三項 (Article 32, paragraph (3)), art-32/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-3
- art-33/par-3: 第三号 → 破産法 第三十二条第三項第三号 (Article 32, paragraph (3), item (iii)), art-32/par-3/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-3/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-3/item-3
- art-33/par-3: 第三十一条第五項 → 破産法 第三十一条第五項 (Article 31, paragraph (5)), art-31/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-5
- art-34/par-3: 第一項 → 破産法 第三十四条第一項 (Article 34, paragraph (1)), art-34/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-34/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-34/par-1
- art-34/par-3/item-1: 民事執行法（昭和五十四年法律第四号）第百三十一条第三号 → 民事執行法 第百三十一条第一項第三号 (Article 131, paragraph (1), item (iii)), art-131/par-1/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-enforcement-act/art-131/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-131/par-1/item-3
- art-34/par-3/item-2: 民事執行法第百三十一条第三号 → 民事執行法 第百三十一条第一項第三号 (Article 131, paragraph (1), item (iii)), art-131/par-1/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-enforcement-act/art-131/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-131/par-1/item-3
- art-34/par-3/item-2: 同法第百三十二条第一項 → 民事執行法 第百三十二条第一項 (Article 132, paragraph (1)), art-132/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-enforcement-act/art-132/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-132/par-1
- art-34/par-3/item-2: 同法第百九十二条 → 民事執行法 第百九十二条 (Article 192), art-192 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-enforcement-act/art-192 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-192
- art-34/par-4: 前項 → 破産法 第三十四条第三項 (Article 34, paragraph (3)), art-34/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-34/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-34/par-3
- art-34/par-5: 前項 → 破産法 第三十四条第四項 (Article 34, paragraph (4)), art-34/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-34/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-34/par-4
- art-34/par-6: 第四項 → 破産法 第三十四条第四項 (Article 34, paragraph (4)), art-34/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-34/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-34/par-4
- art-34/par-7: 第四項 → 破産法 第三十四条第四項 (Article 34, paragraph (4)), art-34/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-34/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-34/par-4
- art-34/par-7: 前項 → 破産法 第三十四条第六項 (Article 34, paragraph (6)), art-34/par-6 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-34/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-34/par-6
- art-34/par-7: 第十条第三項 → 破産法 第十条第三項 (Article 10, paragraph (3)), art-10/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-10/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-10/par-3
- art-37/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第三十七条第一項 (Article 37, paragraph (1)), art-37/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-37/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-37/par-1
- art-38/par-3: 前二項 → 破産法 第三十八条第一項 (Article 38, paragraph (1)), art-38/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-38/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-38/par-1
- art-38/par-3: 前二項 → 破産法 第三十八条第二項 (Article 38, paragraph (2)), art-38/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-38/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-38/par-2
- art-38/par-4: 第一項 → 破産法 第三十八条第一項 (Article 38, paragraph (1)), art-38/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-38/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-38/par-1
- art-38/par-4: 第二項 → 破産法 第三十八条第二項 (Article 38, paragraph (2)), art-38/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-38/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-38/par-2
- art-38/par-5: 第一項 → 破産法 第三十八条第一項 (Article 38, paragraph (1)), art-38/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-38/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-38/par-1
- art-38/par-5: 第二項 → 破産法 第三十八条第二項 (Article 38, paragraph (2)), art-38/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-38/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-38/par-2
- art-39/par-1: 前二条 → 破産法 第三十七条 (Article 37), art-37 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-37 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-37
- art-39/par-1: 前二条 → 破産法 第三十八条 (Article 38), art-38 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-38 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-38
- art-40/par-1: 第百四十四条第二項 → 破産法 第百四十四条第二項 (Article 144, paragraph (2)), art-144/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-144/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-144/par-2
- art-40/par-1: 第五号 → 破産法 第四十条第一項第五号 (Article 40, paragraph (1), item (v)), art-40/par-1/item-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-40/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-40/par-1/item-5
- art-40/par-1/item-4: 前号 → 破産法 第四十条第一項第三号 (Article 40, paragraph (1), item (iii)), art-40/par-1/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-40/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-40/par-1/item-3
- art-40/par-1/item-5: 第二号 → 破産法 第四十条第一項第二号 (Article 40, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-40/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-40/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-40/par-1/item-2
- art-40/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第四十条第一項 (Article 40, paragraph (1)), art-40/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-40/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-40/par-1
- art-40/par-2: 第一号 → 破産法 第四十条第一項第一号 (Article 40, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-40/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-40/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-40/par-1/item-1
- art-42/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第四十二条第一項 (Article 42, paragraph (1)), art-42/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-42/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-42/par-1
- art-42/par-2: この条 → 破産法 第四十二条 (Article 42), art-42 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-42 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-42
- art-42/par-3: 前項 → 破産法 第四十二条第二項 (Article 42, paragraph (2)), art-42/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-42/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-42/par-2
- art-42/par-3: 民事執行法第六十三条 → 民事執行法 第六十三条 (Article 63), art-63 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-enforcement-act/art-63 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-63
- art-42/par-3: 第百二十九条 → 民事執行法 第百二十九条 (Article 129), art-129 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-enforcement-act/art-129 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-129
- art-42/par-4: 第二項 → 破産法 第四十二条第二項 (Article 42, paragraph (2)), art-42/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-42/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-42/par-2
- art-42/par-5: 第二項 → 破産法 第四十二条第二項 (Article 42, paragraph (2)), art-42/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-42/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-42/par-2
- art-42/par-6: 民事執行法第百九十六条 → 民事執行法 第百九十六条 (Article 196), art-196 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-enforcement-act/art-196 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-196
- art-42/par-6: この項 → 破産法 第四十二条第六項 (Article 42, paragraph (6)), art-42/par-6 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-42/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-42/par-6
- art-42/par-6: 第二百四十九条第一項 → 破産法 第二百四十九条第一項 (Article 249, paragraph (1)), art-249/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-249/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-249/par-1
- art-42/par-6: 第二項 → 破産法 第二百四十九条第二項 (Article 249, paragraph (2)), art-249/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-249/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-249/par-2
- art-42/par-6: 同法第二百四条 → 民事執行法 第二百四条 (Article 204), art-204 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-enforcement-act/art-204 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-204
- art-43/par-1: 次項 → 破産法 第四十三条第二項 (Article 43, paragraph (2)), art-43/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-43/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-43/par-2
- art-44/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第四十四条第一項 (Article 44, paragraph (1)), art-44/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-44/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-44/par-1
- art-44/par-3: 前項 → 破産法 第四十四条第二項 (Article 44, paragraph (2)), art-44/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-44/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-44/par-2
- art-44/par-5: 前項 → 破産法 第四十四条第四項 (Article 44, paragraph (4)), art-44/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-44/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-44/par-4
- art-44/par-6: 第一項 → 破産法 第四十四条第一項 (Article 44, paragraph (1)), art-44/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-44/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-44/par-1
- art-44/par-6: 第二項 → 破産法 第四十四条第二項 (Article 44, paragraph (2)), art-44/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-44/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-44/par-2
- art-45/par-1: 民法（明治二十九年法律第八十九号）第四百二十三条第一項 → 民法 第四百二十三条第一項 (Article 423, paragraph (1)), art-423/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-423/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-423/par-1
- art-45/par-1: 第四百二十三条の七 → 民法 第四百二十三条の七 (Article 423-7), art-423-7 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-423-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-423-7
- art-45/par-1: 第四百二十四条第一項 → 民法 第四百二十四条第一項 (Article 424, paragraph (1)), art-424/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-424/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-424/par-1
- art-45/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第四十五条第一項 (Article 45, paragraph (1)), art-45/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-45/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-45/par-1
- art-45/par-3: 前項 → 破産法 第四十五条第二項 (Article 45, paragraph (2)), art-45/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-45/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-45/par-2
- art-45/par-4: 第一項 → 破産法 第四十五条第一項 (Article 45, paragraph (1)), art-45/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-45/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-45/par-1
- art-45/par-4: 第二項 → 破産法 第四十五条第二項 (Article 45, paragraph (2)), art-45/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-45/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-45/par-2
- art-45/par-5: 前項 → 破産法 第四十五条第四項 (Article 45, paragraph (4)), art-45/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-45/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-45/par-4
- art-45/par-6: 第一項 → 破産法 第四十五条第一項 (Article 45, paragraph (1)), art-45/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-45/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-45/par-1
- art-45/par-6: 第二項 → 破産法 第四十五条第二項 (Article 45, paragraph (2)), art-45/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-45/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-45/par-2
- art-46/par-1: 第四十四条 → 破産法 第四十四条 (Article 44), art-44 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-44 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-44
- art-48/par-2: 前条第二項 → 破産法 第四十七条第二項 (Article 47, paragraph (2)), art-47/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-47/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-47/par-2
- art-48/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第四十八条第一項 (Article 48, paragraph (1)), art-48/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-48/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-48/par-1
- art-49/par-1: 不動産登記法（平成十六年法律第百二十三号）第百五条第一号 → 不動産登記法 第百五条第一項第一号 (Article 105, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-105/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/real-property-registration-act/art-105/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000123/art-105/par-1/item-1
- art-49/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第四十九条第一項 (Article 49, paragraph (1)), art-49/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-49/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-49/par-1
- art-51/par-1: 前二条 → 破産法 第四十九条 (Article 49), art-49 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-49 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-49
- art-51/par-1: 前二条 → 破産法 第五十条 (Article 50), art-50 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-50 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-50
- art-51/par-1: 第三十二条第一項 → 破産法 第三十二条第一項 (Article 32, paragraph (1)), art-32/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-32/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-32/par-1
- art-52/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第五十二条第一項 (Article 52, paragraph (1)), art-52/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-52/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-52/par-1
- art-53/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第五十三条第一項 (Article 53, paragraph (1)), art-53/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-53/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-53/par-1
- art-53/par-3: 前項 → 破産法 第五十三条第二項 (Article 53, paragraph (2)), art-53/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-53/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-53/par-2
- art-53/par-3: 民法第六百三十一条 → 民法 第六百三十一条 (Article 631), art-631 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-631 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-631
- art-53/par-3: 同法第六百四十二条第一項 → 民法 第六百四十二条第一項 (Article 642, paragraph (1)), art-642/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-642/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-642/par-1
- art-54/par-1: 前条第一項 → 破産法 第五十三条第一項 (Article 53, paragraph (1)), art-53/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-53/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-53/par-1
- art-54/par-1: 第二項 → 破産法 第五十三条第二項 (Article 53, paragraph (2)), art-53/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-53/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-53/par-2
- art-54/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第五十四条第一項 (Article 54, paragraph (1)), art-54/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-54/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-54/par-1
- art-55/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第五十五条第一項 (Article 55, paragraph (1)), art-55/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-55/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-55/par-1
- art-55/par-3: 前二項 → 破産法 第五十五条第一項 (Article 55, paragraph (1)), art-55/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-55/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-55/par-1
- art-55/par-3: 前二項 → 破産法 第五十五条第二項 (Article 55, paragraph (2)), art-55/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-55/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-55/par-2
- art-56/par-1: 第五十三条第一項 → 破産法 第五十三条第一項 (Article 53, paragraph (1)), art-53/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-53/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-53/par-1
- art-56/par-1: 第二項 → 破産法 第五十三条第二項 (Article 53, paragraph (2)), art-53/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-53/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-53/par-2
- art-56/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第五十六条第一項 (Article 56, paragraph (1)), art-56/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-56/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-56/par-1
- art-57/par-1: 民法第六百五十五条 → 民法 第六百五十五条 (Article 655), art-655 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-655 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-655
- art-58/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第五十八条第一項 (Article 58, paragraph (1)), art-58/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-58/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-58/par-1
- art-58/par-3: 第五十四条第一項 → 破産法 第五十四条第一項 (Article 54, paragraph (1)), art-54/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-54/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-54/par-1
- art-58/par-3: 前項 → 破産法 第五十八条第二項 (Article 58, paragraph (2)), art-58/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-58/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-58/par-2
- art-58/par-4: 第一項 → 破産法 第五十八条第一項 (Article 58, paragraph (1)), art-58/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-58/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-58/par-1
- art-58/par-4: 第二項 → 破産法 第五十八条第二項 (Article 58, paragraph (2)), art-58/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-58/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-58/par-2
- art-58/par-5: 第一項 → 破産法 第五十八条第一項 (Article 58, paragraph (1)), art-58/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-58/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-58/par-1
- art-58/par-5: 第二項 → 破産法 第五十八条第二項 (Article 58, paragraph (2)), art-58/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-58/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-58/par-2
- art-59/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第五十九条第一項 (Article 59, paragraph (1)), art-59/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-59/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-59/par-1
- art-60/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第六十条第一項 (Article 60, paragraph (1)), art-60/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-60/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-60/par-1
- art-60/par-3: 第五十一条 → 破産法 第五十一条 (Article 51), art-51 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-51 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-51
- art-60/par-3: 前二項 → 破産法 第六十条第一項 (Article 60, paragraph (1)), art-60/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-60/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-60/par-1
- art-60/par-3: 前二項 → 破産法 第六十条第二項 (Article 60, paragraph (2)), art-60/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-60/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-60/par-2
- art-61/par-1: 民法第七百五十八条第二項 → 民法 第七百五十八条第二項 (Article 758, paragraph (2)), art-758/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-758/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-758/par-2
- art-61/par-1: 第三項 → 民法 第七百五十八条第三項 (Article 758, paragraph (3)), art-758/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-758/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-758/par-3
- art-61/par-1: 第七百五十九条 → 民法 第七百五十九条 (Article 759), art-759 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-759 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-759
- art-61/par-1: 同法第八百三十五条 → 民法 第八百三十五条 (Article 835), art-835 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-835 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-835
- art-62/par-1: 第六十四条 → 破産法 第六十四条 (Article 64), art-64 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-64 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-64
- art-62/par-1: 第七十八条第二項第十三号 → 破産法 第七十八条第二項第十三号 (Article 78, paragraph (2), item (xiii)), art-78/par-2/item-13 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-78/par-2/item-13 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-78/par-2/item-13
- art-63/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第六十三条第一項 (Article 63, paragraph (1)), art-63/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-63/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-63/par-1
- art-63/par-2: 第五十三条第一項 → 破産法 第五十三条第一項 (Article 53, paragraph (1)), art-53/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-53/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-53/par-1
- art-63/par-2: 第二項 → 破産法 第五十三条第二項 (Article 53, paragraph (2)), art-53/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-53/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-53/par-2
- art-63/par-3: 第一項 → 破産法 第六十三条第一項 (Article 63, paragraph (1)), art-63/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-63/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-63/par-1
- art-64/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第六十四条第一項 (Article 64, paragraph (1)), art-64/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-64/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-64/par-1
- art-65/par-2: この項 → 破産法 第六十五条第二項 (Article 65, paragraph (2)), art-65/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-65/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-65/par-2
- art-66/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第六十六条第一項 (Article 66, paragraph (1)), art-66/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-66/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-66/par-1
- art-66/par-3: 第一項 → 破産法 第六十六条第一項 (Article 66, paragraph (1)), art-66/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-66/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-66/par-1
- art-67/par-2: 第百三条第二項第一号 → 破産法 第百三条第二項第一号 (Article 103, paragraph (2), item (i)), art-103/par-2/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-103/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-103/par-2/item-1
- art-67/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第六十七条第一項 (Article 67, paragraph (1)), art-67/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-67/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-67/par-1
- art-68/par-1: 前条 → 破産法 第六十七条 (Article 67), art-67 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-67 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-67
- art-68/par-1: 第百三条第二項 → 破産法 第百三条第二項 (Article 103, paragraph (2)), art-103/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-103/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-103/par-2
- art-68/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第六十八条第一項 (Article 68, paragraph (1)), art-68/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-68/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-68/par-1
- art-68/par-2: 第九十九条第一項第二号から第四号まで → 破産法 第九十九条第一項第二号 (Article 99, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-99/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-99/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-99/par-1/item-2
- art-68/par-2: 第九十九条第一項第二号から第四号まで → 破産法 第九十九条第一項第三号 (Article 99, paragraph (1), item (iii)), art-99/par-1/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-99/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-99/par-1/item-3
- art-68/par-2: 第九十九条第一項第二号から第四号まで → 破産法 第九十九条第一項第四号 (Article 99, paragraph (1), item (iv)), art-99/par-1/item-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-99/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-99/par-1/item-4
- art-71/par-2: 前項第二号から第四号まで → 破産法 第七十一条第一項第二号 (Article 71, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-71/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-71/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-71/par-1/item-2
- art-71/par-2: 前項第二号から第四号まで → 破産法 第七十一条第一項第三号 (Article 71, paragraph (1), item (iii)), art-71/par-1/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-71/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-71/par-1/item-3
- art-71/par-2: 前項第二号から第四号まで → 破産法 第七十一条第一項第四号 (Article 71, paragraph (1), item (iv)), art-71/par-1/item-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-71/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-71/par-1/item-4
- art-72/par-2: 前項第二号から第四号まで → 破産法 第七十二条第一項第二号 (Article 72, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-72/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-72/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-72/par-1/item-2
- art-72/par-2: 前項第二号から第四号まで → 破産法 第七十二条第一項第三号 (Article 72, paragraph (1), item (iii)), art-72/par-1/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-72/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-72/par-1/item-3
- art-72/par-2: 前項第二号から第四号まで → 破産法 第七十二条第一項第四号 (Article 72, paragraph (1), item (iv)), art-72/par-1/item-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-72/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-72/par-1/item-4
- art-73/par-1: 第三十一条第一項第三号 → 破産法 第三十一条第一項第三号 (Article 31, paragraph (1), item (iii)), art-31/par-1/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-31/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-31/par-1/item-3
- art-73/par-1: 第六十七条 → 破産法 第六十七条 (Article 67), art-67 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-67 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-67
- art-73/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第七十三条第一項 (Article 73, paragraph (1)), art-73/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-73/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-73/par-1
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## Sources
- claude-opus-5-5 — Corrections to the Ministry of Justice's English of paragraphs, written 2026-10-19
- claude-opus-5-5 — Corrections to the Ministry of Justice's English of paragraphs, written 2026-10-19
- e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 破産法 — the text in force from 2026-05-21 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/416AC0000000075/20260521_505AC0000000053), retrieved 2026-10-19
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Bankruptcy Act — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4895/tb), retrieved 2026-10-19
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Bankruptcy Act (破産法), Article 25, paragraph (2) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4895/tb), retrieved 2026-10-19
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Bankruptcy Act (破産法), Article 34, paragraph (3), item (i) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4895/tb), retrieved 2026-10-19
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Bankruptcy Act (破産法), Article 39, paragraph (1) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4895/tb), retrieved 2026-10-19
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Bankruptcy Act (破産法), Article 42, paragraph (6) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4895/tb), retrieved 2026-10-19
- claude-sonnet-5-5 — Machine translation, batch bankruptcy-act-20261019T021325-001, translated 2026-10-19
- claude-sonnet-5-5, corrected on review by claude-opus-5-5 — Machine translation corrected on review, batch bankruptcy-act-20261019T021325-001, translated 2026-10-19
- This site's parser, version 204 — 破産法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-19