# 破産法 / Bankruptcy Act — 第二百五十二条 (Article 252) - Law: 破産法 (Bankruptcy Act), 平成十六年法律第七十五号 - English title "Bankruptcy Act": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第二百五十二条 (Article 252)（免責許可の決定の要件等） — address `art-252` - Text in force since: 2026-05-21 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ### 第二百五十二条（免責許可の決定の要件等） — (Requirements for Order to Grant Discharges) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-252 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252 **第一項** 裁判所は、破産者について、次の各号に掲げる事由のいずれにも該当しない場合には、免責許可の決定をする。 art-252/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-1 The court issues an order to grant a discharge if the bankrupt does not fall under any of the cases stated in the following items: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 債権者を害する目的で、破産財団に属し、又は属すべき財産の隠匿、損壊、債権者に不利益な処分その他の破産財団の価値を不当に減少させる行為をしたこと。 art-252/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-1/item-1 for the purpose of harming the creditors, the bankrupt has concealed or damaged the property that belongs or should belong to the bankruptcy estate, disposed of the property in a manner disadvantageous to creditors or conducted any other act that would unduly reduce the value of the bankruptcy estate; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 破産手続の開始を遅延させる目的で、著しく不利益な条件で債務を負担し、又は信用取引により商品を買い入れてこれを著しく不利益な条件で処分したこと。 art-252/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-1/item-2 for the purpose of delaying the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, the bankrupt has assumed a debt under extremely disadvantageous conditions or purchased goods through a margin transaction and disposed of them under extremely disadvantageous conditions; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **三** 特定の債権者に対する債務について、当該債権者に特別の利益を与える目的又は他の債権者を害する目的で、担保の供与又は債務の消滅に関する行為であって、債務者の義務に属せず、又はその方法若しくは時期が債務者の義務に属しないものをしたこと。 art-252/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-1/item-3 for the purpose of giving a special benefit to a specific creditor to whom they are indebted or for harming other creditors, the bankrupt has conducted an act concerning provision of security or extinguishment of debt which is not included in the scope of the debtor's obligation in terms of the act itself or the means or time of performance of the act; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **四** 浪費又は賭博その他の射幸行為をしたことによって著しく財産を減少させ、又は過大な債務を負担したこと。 art-252/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-1/item-4 the bankrupt has significantly reduced their property or assumed excessive debt through overspending, gambling, or any other speculative act; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **五** 破産手続開始の申立てがあった日の一年前の日から破産手続開始の決定があった日までの間に、破産手続開始の原因となる事実があることを知りながら、当該事実がないと信じさせるため、詐術を用いて信用取引により財産を取得したこと。 art-252/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-1/item-5 during the period from the day one year before the day on which a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings is filed until the day on which an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings is made, knowing a fact that would be a cause of the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings exists, the bankrupt has acquired property through a marginal transaction by fraudulent means so as to make the other party believe that the fact does not exist; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **六** 業務及び財産の状況に関する帳簿、書類その他の物件を隠滅し、偽造し、又は変造したこと。 art-252/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-1/item-6 the bankrupt has destroyed, forged, or altered books, documents or any other articles concerning the status of their business and property; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **七** 虚偽の債権者名簿（第二百四十八条第五項の規定により債権者名簿とみなされる債権者一覧表を含む。次条第一項第六号において同じ。）を提出したこと。 art-252/par-1/item-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-1/item-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-1/item-7 the bankrupt has submitted a false list of holders of dischargeable claims (including a list of creditors that is deemed to be a list of holders of dischargeable claims pursuant to the provisions of Article 248, paragraph (5); the same applies in paragraph (1), item (vi) of the following Article); Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **八** 破産手続において裁判所が行う調査において、説明を拒み、又は虚偽の説明をしたこと。 art-252/par-1/item-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-1/item-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-1/item-8 the bankrupt has refused to give an explanation or given a false explanation in the investigation conducted by the court in bankruptcy proceedings; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **九** 不正の手段により、破産管財人、保全管理人、破産管財人代理又は保全管理人代理の職務を妨害したこと。 art-252/par-1/item-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-1/item-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-1/item-9 the bankrupt has obstructed the duties of a bankruptcy trustee, temporary administrator, bankruptcy trustee representative, or temporary administrator representative through fraudulent means,; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **十** 次のイからハまでに掲げる事由のいずれかがある場合において、それぞれイからハまでに定める日から七年以内に免責許可の申立てがあったこと。 art-252/par-1/item-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-1/item-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-1/item-10 if any of the grounds stated in the following sub-items (a) through (c) exist, a petition for grant of discharge is filed within seven years from the day specified in sub-item (a), (b), or (c), respectively: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **イ** 免責許可の決定が確定したこと　当該免責許可の決定の確定の日 art-252/par-1/item-10/sub-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-1/item-10/sub-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-1/item-10/sub-1 an order to grant a discharge became final and binding:the day on which the order to grant a discharge became final and binding; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **ロ** 民事再生法（平成十一年法律第二百二十五号）第二百三十九条第一項に規定する給与所得者等再生における再生計画が遂行されたこと　当該再生計画認可の決定の確定の日 art-252/par-1/item-10/sub-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-1/item-10/sub-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-1/item-10/sub-2 a rehabilitation plan for rehabilitation for salaried workers, etc. prescribed in Article 239, paragraph (1) of the Civil Rehabilitation Act (Act No. 225 of 1999) was carried out:the day on which the order of confirmation of the rehabilitation plan became final and binding; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **ハ** 民事再生法第二百三十五条第一項（同法第二百四十四条において準用する場合を含む。）に規定する免責の決定が確定したこと　当該免責の決定に係る再生計画認可の決定の確定の日 art-252/par-1/item-10/sub-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-1/item-10/sub-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-1/item-10/sub-3 an order of discharge prescribed in Article 235, paragraph (1) of the Civil Rehabilitation Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 244 of that Act) became final and binding:the day on which the order of confirmation of the rehabilitation plan related to the order of discharge became final and binding; or Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **十一** 第四十条第一項第一号、第四十一条又は第二百五十条第二項に規定する義務その他この法律に定める義務に違反したこと。 art-252/par-1/item-11 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-1/item-11 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-1/item-11 the bankrupt has violated the obligation prescribed in Article 40, paragraph (1), item (i), Article 41, or Article 250, paragraph (2) or any other obligation prescribed by this Act. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の規定にかかわらず、同項各号に掲げる事由のいずれかに該当する場合であっても、裁判所は、破産手続開始の決定に至った経緯その他一切の事情を考慮して免責を許可することが相当であると認めるときは、免責許可の決定をすることができる。 art-252/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-2 Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, even if the bankrupt falls under any of the cases stated in the items of that paragraph, the court may issue an order to grant a discharge when it finds it appropriate to grant a discharge taking into consideration the developments that led to issuing an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings and all other circumstances. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 裁判所は、免責許可の決定をしたときは、直ちに、その裁判書を破産者及び破産管財人に、その決定の主文を記載した書面を破産債権者に、それぞれ送達しなければならない。この場合において、裁判書の送達については、第十条第三項本文の規定は、適用しない。 art-252/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-3 When it has made an order to grant a discharge, the court must immediately serve the written judgment upon the bankrupt and a bankruptcy trustee, and a document stating the main text of the order upon bankruptcy creditors, respectively. In this case, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply with regard to the service of the written judgment. machine translation, not official **第四項** 裁判所は、免責不許可の決定をしたときは、直ちに、その裁判書を破産者に送達しなければならない。この場合においては、第十条第三項本文の規定は、適用しない。 art-252/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-4 The court must, when it has issued an order of non-grant of discharge, immediately serve the written judgment upon the bankrupt. In this case, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply. machine translation, not official **第五項** 免責許可の申立てについての裁判に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。 art-252/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-5 An immediate appeal may be filed against a judicial decision on a petition to grant a discharge. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第六項** 前項の即時抗告についての裁判があった場合には、その裁判書を当事者に送達しなければならない。この場合においては、第十条第三項本文の規定は、適用しない。 art-252/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-6 If a judicial decision on the immediate appeal stated in the preceding paragraph is made, the written judgment must be served upon the parties concerned. In this case, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply. machine translation, not official **第七項** 免責許可の決定は、確定しなければその効力を生じない。 art-252/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-7 An order to grant a discharge does not become effective unless it becomes final and binding. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System --- ## Cites - art-252/par-1/item-7: 第二百四十八条第五項 → 破産法 第二百四十八条第五項 (Article 248, paragraph (5)), art-248/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-248/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-248/par-5 - art-252/par-1/item-7: 次条第一項第六号 → 破産法 第二百五十三条第一項第六号 (Article 253, paragraph (1), item (vi)), art-253/par-1/item-6 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-253/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253/par-1/item-6 - art-252/par-1/item-10/sub-2: 民事再生法（平成十一年法律第二百二十五号）第二百三十九条第一項 → e-Gov law 411AC0000000225, 第二百三十九条第一項 (Article 239, paragraph (1)), art-239/par-1 — not held in this collection - art-252/par-1/item-10/sub-3: 民事再生法第二百三十五条第一項 → e-Gov law 411AC0000000225, 第二百三十五条第一項 (Article 235, paragraph (1)), art-235/par-1 — not held in this collection - art-252/par-1/item-10/sub-3: 同法第二百四十四条 → e-Gov law 411AC0000000225, 第二百四十四条 (Article 244), art-244 — not held in this collection - art-252/par-1/item-11: 第四十条第一項第一号 → 破産法 第四十条第一項第一号 (Article 40, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-40/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-40/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-40/par-1/item-1 - art-252/par-1/item-11: 第四十一条 → 破産法 第四十一条 (Article 41), art-41 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-41 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-41 - art-252/par-1/item-11: 第二百五十条第二項 → 破産法 第二百五十条第二項 (Article 250, paragraph (2)), art-250/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-250/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-250/par-2 - art-252/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第二百五十二条第一項 (Article 252, paragraph (1)), art-252/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-1 - art-252/par-3: 第十条第三項 → 破産法 第十条第三項 (Article 10, paragraph (3)), art-10/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-10/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-10/par-3 - art-252/par-4: 第十条第三項 → 破産法 第十条第三項 (Article 10, paragraph (3)), art-10/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-10/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-10/par-3 - art-252/par-6: 前項 → 破産法 第二百五十二条第五項 (Article 252, paragraph (5)), art-252/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-5 - art-252/par-6: 第十条第三項 → 破産法 第十条第三項 (Article 10, paragraph (3)), art-10/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-10/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-10/par-3 ## Cited by 5 provisions cite this one. No official source publishes this direction. - 所得税法 第四十四条の二第一項（免責許可の決定等により債務免除を受けた場合の経済的利益の総収入金額不算入） — https://japanlaw.org/en/income-tax-act/art-44-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/340AC0000000033/art-44-2/par-1 - 破産法 第二百五十条第一項（免責についての調査及び報告） — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-250/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-250/par-1 - 破産法 第二百五十一条第一項（免責についての意見申述） — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-251/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-251/par-1 - 破産法 第二百五十二条第二項（免責許可の決定の要件等） — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-2 - 破産法 第二百五十二条第六項（免責許可の決定の要件等） — https://japanlaw.org/en/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-6 --- ## Sources - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 破産法 — the text in force from 2026-05-21 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/416AC0000000075/20260521_505AC0000000053), retrieved 2026-10-19 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Bankruptcy Act — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4895/tb), retrieved 2026-10-19 - claude-sonnet-5-5 — Machine translation, batch bankruptcy-act-20261019T021325-003, translated 2026-10-19 - This site's parser, version 204 — 破産法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-19