# Article 36, paragraph (1), its wordings — Arbitration Act

This is the Markdown twin of https://japanlaw.org/en/arbitration-act/history/art-36/par-1. Every law, and how to address a provision: https://japanlaw.org/llms.txt. The same laws as MCP tools (no sign-in): https://japanlaw.org/mcp.

How the wording of Article 36, paragraph (1) (第三十六条第一項) changed with each amendment, and how it will change.

- Law: Arbitration Act (仲裁法) — https://japanlaw.org/en/arbitration-act
- Provision: Article 36, paragraph (1) (第三十六条第一項) — https://japanlaw.org/en/arbitration-act/art-36/par-1 (as Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/arbitration-act/art-36/par-1)
- The law's amendments: https://japanlaw.org/en/arbitration-act/amendments
- 2 wordings, oldest first.

## 1. Before Act No. 53 of 2023

- State: In force

Japanese:

> 仲裁廷が仲裁判断において準拠すべき法は、当事者が合意により定めるところによる。この場合において、一の国の法令が定められたときは、反対の意思が明示された場合を除き、当該定めは、抵触する内外の法令の適用関係を定めるその国の法令ではなく、事案に直接適用されるその国の法令を定めたものとみなす。

English (Japanese Law Translation, Ministry of Justice):

> The laws which the arbitral tribunal should comply with in making an arbitral award are as provided by the agreement of the parties. In this case, if laws and regulations of a given State have been designated, that designation is deemed not to designate the laws and regulations of the State providing the application of conflicting domestic and foreign laws and regulations but rather the laws and regulations of the State which are to be directly applied to the case, unless a contrary intention has been clearly indicated.

## 2. By 13 June 2028 — Act No. 53 of 2023

- State: Not yet in force
- Takes effect: By 13 June 2028
- The amendment: Moved to Article 38, paragraph (1); its words stay the same (Act No. 53 of 2023) — https://japanlaw.org/en/arbitration-act/amendments/20280613_505AC0000000053

Japanese:

> 仲裁廷が仲裁判断において準拠すべき法は、当事者が合意により定めるところによる。この場合において、一の国の法令が定められたときは、反対の意思が明示された場合を除き、当該定めは、抵触する内外の法令の適用関係を定めるその国の法令ではなく、事案に直接適用されるその国の法令を定めたものとみなす。

English (Japanese Law Translation, Ministry of Justice):

> The laws which the arbitral tribunal should comply with in making an arbitral award are as provided by the agreement of the parties. In this case, if laws and regulations of a given State have been designated, that designation is deemed not to designate the laws and regulations of the State providing the application of conflicting domestic and foreign laws and regulations but rather the laws and regulations of the State which are to be directly applied to the case, unless a contrary intention has been clearly indicated.

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## Sources

- The dates and the amending laws: e-Gov (Digital Agency) (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/415AC0000000138)
- English name of the law: Japanese Law Translation, Ministry of Justice (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4440/tb)
- English titles of the amending laws: Written for this site with AI
- The Japanese text before: e-Gov (Digital Agency) (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/415AC0000000138/20260521_504AC0000000048)
- The Japanese text after: e-Gov (Digital Agency) (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/415AC0000000138/20280613_505AC0000000053)