# 私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律 / Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade — 第九十一条 (Article 91) This is the Markdown twin of https://japanlaw.org/en/antimonopoly-act/art-91. Every law, and how to address a provision: https://japanlaw.org/llms.txt. The same laws as MCP tools (no sign-in): https://japanlaw.org/mcp. - Law: 私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律 (Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade), 昭和二十二年法律第五十四号 - English title "Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第九十一条 (Article 91) — address `art-91` - Text in force since: 2026-05-21 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/antimonopoly-act/art-91 - e-Gov law ID: 322AC0000000054 — never renamed. A permanent link, `/l/{lawId}/{address}` on this site, redirects to the page. - Every provision below carries its address and its URL on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ### 第九十一条 art-91 · https://japanlaw.org/en/antimonopoly-act/art-91 **第一項** 第十一条第一項の規定に違反して株式を取得し、若しくは所有し、若しくは同条第二項の規定に違反して株式を所有した者又はこれらの規定による禁止若しくは制限につき第十七条の規定に違反した者は、一年以下の拘禁刑又は二百万円以下の罰金に処する。 art-91/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/antimonopoly-act/art-91/par-1 A person who has acquired or held shares in violation of the provisions of Article 11, paragraph (1), or who has held shares in violation of provisions of paragraph (2) of the Article, or who has violated, regarding the prohibition or restriction pursuant to these provisions, the provisions of Article 17, is punished by imprisonment for not more than one year or by a fine of not more than two million yen. Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "A person who has acquired or held shares in violation of the provisions of Article 11, paragraph (1), or who has held shares in violation of provisions of paragraph (2) of the Article, or who has violated, regarding the prohibition or restriction pursuant to these provisions, or the provisions of Article 17, is punished by imprisonment for not more than one year or by a fine of not more than two million yen." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/5212/tb --- ## Cites - art-91/par-1: 第十一条第一項 → 私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律 第十一条第一項 (Article 11, paragraph (1)), art-11/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/antimonopoly-act/art-11/par-1 - art-91/par-1: 同条第二項 → 私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律 第十一条第二項 (Article 11, paragraph (2)), art-11/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/antimonopoly-act/art-11/par-2 - art-91/par-1: 第十七条 → 私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律 第十七条 (Article 17), art-17 — https://japanlaw.org/en/antimonopoly-act/art-17 ## Cited by 6 provisions cite this one. No official source publishes this direction. - 私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律 第八十四条の三第一項 — https://japanlaw.org/en/antimonopoly-act/art-84-3/par-1 - 私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律 第九十二条第一項 — https://japanlaw.org/en/antimonopoly-act/art-92/par-1 - 私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律 第九十五条第一項第四号 — https://japanlaw.org/en/antimonopoly-act/art-95/par-1/item-4 - 私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律 第九十五条の二第一項 — https://japanlaw.org/en/antimonopoly-act/art-95-2/par-1 - 私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律 第九十六条第一項 — https://japanlaw.org/en/antimonopoly-act/art-96/par-1 - 私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律 第百一条第一項 — https://japanlaw.org/en/antimonopoly-act/art-101/par-1 --- ## Sources - claude-opus-5-5 — Corrections to the Ministry of Justice's English of paragraphs, written 2026-11-06 - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律 — the text in force from 2026-05-21 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/322AC0000000054/20260521_505AC0000000063), retrieved 2026-11-06 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade (私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律), Article 91, paragraph (1) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/5212/tb), retrieved 2026-11-06 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/5212/tb), retrieved 2026-11-06 - This site's parser, version 225 — 私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-11-06